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Some Parasitic Helminths from the American , Haematopus palliatus Temminck, from the Texas Gulf Coast and the Common , H. ostralegus Linnaeus, from New Zealand, including Dildotaenia latovarium n. gen. and n. sp. (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae)

Norman O. Dronen Texas A & M University - College Station

Gerald D. Schmidt University of Northern Colorado

Bertha R. Allison Canterbury University

John W. Mellen Texas A & M University - College Station

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Dronen, Norman O.; Schmidt, Gerald D.; Allison, Bertha R.; and Mellen, John W., "Some Parasitic Helminths from the , Haematopus palliatus Temminck, from the Texas Gulf Coast and the Common Pied Oystercatcher, H. ostralegus Linnaeus, from New Zealand, including Dildotaenia latovarium n. gen. and n. sp. (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae)" (1988). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 398. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/398

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. J. Parasit., 74(5), 1988, pp. 864-867 ? American Society of Parasitologists 1988

SOME PARASITICHELMINTHS FROM THE AMERICAN OYSTERCATCHER,HAEMA TOPUS PALLIA TUS TEMMINCK, FROMTHE TEXAS GULFCOAST AND THECOMMON PIED OYSTERCATCHER,H. OSTRALEGUSLINNAEUS, FROM NEW ZEALAND,INCLUDING DILDOTAENIA LATOVARIUM N. GEN. AND N. SP. (CESTODA:HYMENOLEPIDIDAE)

Norman 0. Dronen, Gerald D. Schmidt*, Bertha R. Allisont, and John W. Mellen Laboratoryof Parasitology, Department of Wildlifeand Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&MUniversity, College Station, Texas 77840

ABSTRACT: Acanthoparyphium spinulosum (Digenea)and Dildotaenia latovarium n. gen. and n. sp. (Eucestoda) were recovered from an American oystercatcher, Haematopus palliatus, Galveston, Texas. This is the first report of A. spinulosumfrom the American oystercatcher.Dildotaenia latovariumwas also recoveredfrom common pied oystercatcher, H. ostralegus, from New Zealand. The new can be distinguished from all other hymenolepidgenera that have a copulatorystylet in lacking a cirrus.The type species is characterizedby the exaggeratedwidth of its ovary.Of the otherspecies of hymenolepidswith 8 rostellarhooks frombirds, Dildotaenia latovariummost closely resemblesRetinometra venusta, but R. venustahas an armed cirrusand its testes are arrangedin a line ratherthan in a triangleas in D. latovarium.

The American oystercatcher, Haematopus under slight coverslip pressure, stained in Semichon's palliatus Temminck, ranges from the middle east carmine, and mounted in Permount or Canada balsam. Some were coast of south to and Ar- specimens histologically sectioned by con- ventional paraffin technique. Figures were drawn with gentina. It is a resident along the Texas gulf coast the aid of a camera lucida. Measurements are from but occurs in relatively small numbers. The com- whole mounts of adults and are given in ,um, the mean mon pied oystercatcher, H. ostralegus Linnaeus, followed by the range in parentheses, unless otherwise indicated. is found throughout most of the Old World, as well as the South Pacific. RESULTS The helminth fauna of members of the genus An Haematopus is poorly known. Of the 8 extant American oystercatcher from Texas har- bored species of oystercatcher there are reports of para- Acanthoparyphium spinulosum Johnston, sitic helminths from only H. ostralegus and H. 1917 (Digenea: Echinostomatidae), and an un- described of bachmani Audubon (Table I). Most reports of species hymenolepidid cestode, rep- helminths from have been from resenting a new genus. The common pied oys- tercatchers from New Zealand were infected with the common pied oystercatcher, Haematopus os- the same of in tralegus from Europe and Russia. The purpose species tapeworm as found the American of this study is to provide additional information oystercatcher from Texas. on the helminth fauna of oystercatchers. DESCRIPTION MATERIALSAND METHODS Dildotaenia n. gen. Trematodes and cestodes were recovered from a (Figs. 1-7) moribund male H. palliatus found in the Galveston, Diagnosis: Hymenolepididae, Hymenolepidinae. Texasarea on 5 June 1979. Cestodesof the same species Dorsoventrally flattened, becoming gradually wider to- were also found in H. ostralegus from Avon-Heathcote ward gravid segments. All segments wider than long, Estuary and the mouth of the Ashley River, New Zea- craspedote. Scolex (Figs. 1-3) with retractable rostel- land in 1979 and 1980. Specimens were fixed in AFA lum bearing 8 nitidoid (Fig. 4) hooks. Suckers simple, unarmed. Neck present, narrower than scolex. One set of protandrous male and female reproductive systems Received 3 November 1987;revised 29 March 1988; per segment. Genital pores unilateral. Three testes in accepted 30 March 1988. triangle, 1 poral, 2 aporal (Figs. 5, 6). Genital ducts * Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts pass between osmoregulatory canals. Cirrus pouch oval, and Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, medial to osmoregulatory canals, containing small Greeley, Colorado80639. seminal vesicle. Cirrus absent. Long convoluted stylet t Department of Zoology, Canterbury University, originates within cirrus pouch and extends through a Christchurch, New Zealand. very thin sheath to genital atrium where it emerges 864 DRONENET AL.-HELMINTHSOF OYSTERCATCHERS 865

TABLEI. Cestodesand trematodespreviously reported from membersof the genus Haematopus.

Haematopus bachmani () Cestode: 1. Hymenolepis alaskensis Deblock and Rausch, 1967 Trematode: 1. Maritrema gratiosum Deblock and Rausch, 1972

Haematopus ostralegus (common pied oystercatcher) Cestodes: 1. Fimbriaria fasciolaris Jogis, 1963; Belopol'skaia, 1971 2. Haploparaxis crassirostris van den Broek and Jensen, 1964 3. Hymenolepis abortiva Jogis, 1963 4. Hymenolepis aploparaksoides Deblock, 1964 5. Hymenolepis clandestina Threlfall, 1963 6. Hymenolepis rectacantha Jogis, 1963; Threlfall, 1963; Deblock and Tran Van Ky, 1965 7. Tschertkovilepis brachycephala Creplin, 1829 Trematodes: 1. Gymnophalloides oedemia James, 1964 2. Gymnophallus choledochus Loos-Frank, 1968 3. Himasthla leptosoma Threlfall, 1963 4. Microphallus claviformis Deblock and Tran Van Ky, 1966 5. Microphallus similis Deblock and Tran Van Ky, 1966 6. Paramonostomum chabaudi van Strydonck, 1965a 7. Parvatrema affine James, 1964; Belopol'skaia, 1966 8. Parvatrema homoeotecnum James, 1964 9. Psilostomum brevicolle Threlfall, 1963; van Strydonck, 1965b; Belopol'skaia, 1966; Loos-Frank, 1968

* I

througha small unarmed,nipple-like projection of the Locality: Galveston,Texas; South Island,New Zea- atrium wall (Fig. 7). Accessory sacs absent. External land. seminal vesicle present.Ovary median (Fig. 6), much Holotype: USNM Helm. Coll. No. 80271. wider than long. Vitellarium compact, postovarian. Paratypes: USNM Helm. Coll. Nos. 80272 and Vagina opens into genital atrium posterior to stylet 80273;Texas A&M Cooperative Wildlife Regional Coll. pore. Seminalreceptacle present, persistent. Uterus ap- No. 78A-38, Departmentof Wildlifeand FisheriesSci- pearsas bilobed sac, becomingirregular sac when filled ences, Texas A&M University. with eggs. Parasitesof . Etymology: The species name refers to its large, laterallyelongated ovary. Taxonomic summary Typespecies: Dildotaenialatovarium n. sp. Etymology: Genus named after "dildo"(from Ital- DISCUSSION ian, dilletto), referringto the surrogatecirrus in the Dildotaenia n. gen. differs from all other hy- genital atrium. menolepidid genera that have copulatory stylets Dildotaenia latovarium n. sp. in lacking a cirrus. Serial sections of the genital (Figs. 1-7) atrium clearly show the nipple-like projection in Description(based on 10 adult specimens): With the genital atrium to be continuous with the atrial characteristicsof the genus. Strobilacraspedote, apol- wall, not in any way attached to or extending ytic, 10,000 (6,600-15,000) long, composed of 95-160 from the cirrus pouch. As this structure serves proglottids.Scolex 170 (150-195) wide 309 by (262- as a cirrus we 338) long. Suckerswell developed, 88 (78-102) wide. substitute, propose to call it the Everted rostellum 168 (135-188) long with 8 hooks, dildo. The new species superficially resembles each 56 (53-58) long, arrangedin a circle. Immature members of the genus Retinometra. The only proglottidswider than long, mature proglottids 810 species of Retinometra so far described from wide 164 461 (465-1,356) by (97-233) long. Ovary charadriiform is R. deblocki (Schmidt and (385-670) wide by 44 (32-60) long. Vitellarium 128 (100-165) wide by 59 (48-72) long. Cirrussac ovoid, Neiland, 1968) Schmidt, 1986. It differs from D. transverse, 71 (61-86) wide by 123 (92-138) long. Ex- latovarium in having a rostellum armed with 10 ternal seminal vesicle 53 (36-78) wide by 304 (244- hooks that are 100-102 long. Dildotaenia lato- 500) long. Fully developed eggs not observed. varium can be distinguished from other species Taxonomic summary of hymenolepids with 8 rostellar hooks by the Typehost: Haematopuspalliatus. exaggerated width of its ovary (38 5-675). Of de- Site of infection: Small intestine. scribed species of hymenolepids with 8 rostellar 866 THE JOURNALOF PARASITOLOGY,VOL. 74, NO. 5, OCTOBER1988

E E E E \ /^^^?^ . 0 c / \ 4 4 5

1

E E

0

E E o 0 I

,...... -...I...... i: ...... *- 2 6

E EB o o

3 7 FIGURES1-7. Dildotaenia latovarium n. gen. and n. sp. from Haematopus palliatus and H. ostralegus. 1. Scolex partially retracted. 2. Scolex fully extended. 3. Scolex fully retracted. 4. Hook from rostellum. 5. Immature proglottid. 6. Mature proglottid. E = external seminal vesicle, R = seminal receptacle, 0 = ovary, T = testis, V = vitellarium. 7. Enlarged view of the genital atrium and internal seminal vesicle regions. S = copulatory spicule, I = internal seminal vesicle.

hooks, D. latovarium most closely resembles Re- the blade of its rostellar hooks is longer than the tinometra venusta (Rosseter, 1897) Railliet and base, and its testes are arranged in a line rather Henry, 1909, which is unlike D. latovarium in than in a triangle. the following characters: it has an armed cirrus, Acanthoparyphium spinulosum has a cosmo- DRONENET AL.-HELMINTHSOF OYSTERCATCHERS 867

politan distribution and was originally described Microphallidae Travassos, 1920 (Trematoda). XII from a in Sydney, Australia (Johnston, Especes d'Europe occidentale. Creation de Sphai- riotrema nov. considerations diverses de It has also been from black-bel- gen.; sy- 1917). reported stematique. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et lied plover, Squatarola squatarola, in Japan (Ya- Compar6e 41: 23-60. maguti, 1934), and in the adults JAMES, B. L. 1964. The life cycle of Parvatremaho- have been reported from black-bellied plover and moeotecnum sp. n. (Trematoda: Digenea) and a American avocet, Recurvirostra americana, in review of the family Gymnophallidae Morozov, 1955. Parasitology 54: 1-41. California (Martin and Adams, 1961). Metacer- JOGIS,V. A. 1963. Puhtu umbruse vee- ja ranniku- cariae of A. spinulosum have been reported from lindude paelussude, iimarusside ja kikakarssette , Crassostrea virginica, along the Texas gulf faunast. (Cestode, nematode and Acanthocephala coast by Little et al. (1966). The present study is fauna of water and shore birds in the environment of Seltsi Ees- the first of A. from American Puhtu.) Loodusuurijate Aastaraamet, report spinulosum ti NSV Teaduste Akademia 55: 94-128. [Estonian oystercatcher. text.] JOHNSTON,S. J. 1917. On the trematodes of Austra- ACKNOWLEDGMENT lian birds. Journal of the Royal Society of New We thank the Texas Parks and Wildlife De- South Wales 50: 187-261. LITTLE, J. W., S. H. HOPKINS,AND F. G. SCHLICHT. partment without whose cooperation this study 1966. Acanthoparyphiumspinulosum (Tremato- would not have been possible. da: Echinostomatidae) in at Port Isabel, Texas. Journal of Parasitology 52: 663. LITERATURECITED LOOS-FRANK,B. 1968. Der Entwicklungszyklus von brevicolle P. BELOPOL'SKAIA,M. M. 1966. Trematodesof Charad- Psilostomum (Creplin, 1829) (Syn. Psilo- riiformes of the White Sea. Trudy Gel'mintolo- platyurum (Muehling, 1868)) (Trematoda, Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde 31: gicheskoi Laboratorii Akademia Nauk SSSR 17: stomatidae). 9-18. 121-131. E. ADAMS. Life 1971. Cestodes of the family Hymenolepi- MARTIN,W. E., AND J. 1961. cycle didae Fuhrmann, 1907 from Charadriiformes. of Acanthoparyphiumspinulosum Johnston 1917 of Par- Vestnik Leningradskogo Universiteta, Vol. 25 (21), (Echinostomatidae: Trematoda). Journal 47: 777-782. Seria. Biologii (4), 1970, pp. 19-33. asitology CREPLIN,F. C. H. 1829. Novae observationes de En- VANDEN BROEK, E., AND J. JANSEN. 1964. Parasites in Nederlands. I. Parasites of wild tozois. Berolini, 134 p. of the DEBLOCK,S. 1964. Les Hymenolepis de Charadri- birds. Ardea 52: 111-116. iformes (seconde note a propos d'une vingtaine VAN STRYDONCK,D. 1965a. Tr6matodes d'oiseaux du Paramonostomum Liihe d'autres descriptions dont deux nouvelles). An- sauvages. Espece genre de Pa- nales de Parasitologie Humaine et Compar&e 39: 1909 (Notocotylidae Liihe 1909). Annales 695-754. rasitologie Humaine et Comparee 40: 141-148. , AND R. L. RAUSCH. 1967. Les Hymenolepis 1965b. Trematodes of the digestive system wild birds in Annales de la de Charadriiformes (4e note a propos de deux es- of Belgium. Societe M6decine 45: 679-684. peces nouvelles d'Alaska). Annales de Parasito- Belge de Tropicale in the mor- logie Humaine et Comparee 42: 303-311. THRELFALL,W. 1963. Factors concerned of some birds which in , AND . 1972. Contribution a l'&etudedes tality perished Anglesey the winter Microphallidae Travassos, 1920 (Trematoda). and northern Caernarvonshire during XXVI De quelquesespeces d'Alaska.Annales de of 1963, with special reference to parasitism by helminths. Annals and Magazine of Natural His- Parasitologie Humaine et Compar6e 47: 701-715. 6: 721-737. , AND P. TRANVAN KY. 1965. Les Hymenol- tory 1934. Studies on the helminth fauna epis (sensu lato) de Charadriiformes (troisieme note). YAMAGUTI,S. of Part 3. Avian II. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee Japan. trematodes, Japanese 40: 131-139. Journal of Zoology 5: 543-583. , AND . 1966. Contribution l'&etudedes