Introduction
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Load more
Recommended publications
-
May 2020 Newsletter
1836 Rohrerstown Road Lancaster, PA 17601 [email protected] 717-581-7891 www.tbelancaster.org Volume 72, No. 8 Omer - Sivan 5780 MAY 2020 Mission Statement Attn: Temple Beth El Members and Friends The mission of Temple Beth El is to provide a house of Conservative The Temple Beth El Monthly Bulletin will now be available electronically every Jewish worship which fosters month. Where? spiritual fulfillment, Jewish theology, • On the TBE website under the Welcome tab life-long Jewish education, and • Via direct email to you each month community support throughout the • Via a link in every Tuesday Mail Chimp e-news cycles of the seasons. At Temple Beth El, we are always trying to optimize our cost savings while Board of Directors enhancing our offerings to you. As you may know, we no longer do bulk President - Gary Kogon mailings and the Bulletin printing and mailing costs are continuing to escalate. Vice President - Steve Gordon We also want to introduce more color, and provide links to other articles of Secretary - Hal Koplin interest. Treasurer - Samantha Besnoff One way to do this is make the monthly Bulletin mailing optional, while posting Financial Secretary - Linda Hutt it electronically to our website. The bulletin will also be available in Directors: Lynn Brooks, Bob Brosbe, downloadable PDF format on the Temple Beth El website (tbelancaster.org), in Abshalom Cooper, Sue Friedman, our weekly Mail Chimp email, and via your direct email address, to read online Yitzie Gans, Ilana Huber, Dolly and for those who wish to print their own hard copy. Shuster Earl Stein, Ruth Wunderlich. -
THE POLISH POLICE Collaboration in the Holocaust
THE POLISH POLICE Collaboration in the Holocaust Jan Grabowski The Polish Police Collaboration in the Holocaust Jan Grabowski INA LEVINE ANNUAL LECTURE NOVEMBER 17, 2016 The assertions, opinions, and conclusions in this occasional paper are those of the author. They do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. First printing, April 2017 Copyright © 2017 by Jan Grabowski THE INA LEVINE ANNUAL LECTURE, endowed by the William S. and Ina Levine Foundation of Phoenix, Arizona, enables the Center to bring a distinguished scholar to the Museum each year to conduct innovative research on the Holocaust and to disseminate this work to the American public. Wrong Memory Codes? The Polish “Blue” Police and Collaboration in the Holocaust In 2016, seventy-one years after the end of World War II, the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs disseminated a long list of “wrong memory codes” (błędne kody pamięci), or expressions that “falsify the role of Poland during World War II” and that are to be reported to the nearest Polish diplomat for further action. Sadly—and not by chance—the list elaborated by the enterprising humanists at the Polish Foreign Ministry includes for the most part expressions linked to the Holocaust. On the long list of these “wrong memory codes,” which they aspire to expunge from historical narrative, one finds, among others: “Polish genocide,” “Polish war crimes,” “Polish mass murders,” “Polish internment camps,” “Polish work camps,” and—most important for the purposes of this text—“Polish participation in the Holocaust.” The issue of “wrong memory codes” will from time to time reappear in this study. -
Protegowani Jakuba Bermana Jako Przykład Klientelizmu I Nepotyzmu W Elicie Władzy PRL
VARIAIII MIROSŁAW SZUMIŁO Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie Biuro Badań Historycznych Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej Protegowani Jakuba Bermana jako przykład klientelizmu i nepotyzmu w elicie władzy PRL Zjawisko klientelizmu w perspektywie historycznej było już przedmiotem wielu prac naukowych. W Polsce zajmował się nim przede wszystkim Antoni Mączak1. Wzbudzało ono również zainteresowanie zachodnich sowietologów, którzy zauważyli, że niemal od początku rządów bolszewickich w Związku Sowieckim następowało grupowanie kadr wokół wpływowych towarzyszy2. Analizie poddawano m.in. układy klientelistyczne w ekipie Leonida Breżniewa3. Według Johna Willertona klientelizm oznacza wzajemne popieranie własnych interesów w zakresie uczestnictwa w elicie władzy, interesów frak- cyjnych i sektorowych oraz wspieranie się w trakcie kariery w związku ze wspólnym pochodzeniem etnicznym, pokoleniowym itp.4 Tworzenie się sieci klientelistycznych oraz nepotyzm w elicie władzy PRL nie były do tej pory przedmiotem odrębnych badań. W ujęciu socjologicznym poru- szał to zagadnienie Krzysztof Dąbek, ale tylko w kontekście funkcjonowania ukła- dów patron–klient w aparacie partyjnym w latach 1956–19805. W odniesieniu do kadry kierowniczej Służby Bezpieczeństwa tego typu dysfunkcje analizował Daniel 1 A. Mączak, Nierówna przyjaźń. Układy klientalne w perspektywie historycznej, Wrocław 2003. 2 T.H. Rigby, Early Provincial Cliques and the Rise of Stalin, „Soviet Studies” 1981, nr 33, s. 25. 3 J.P. Willerton, Clientelism in the Soviet Union: An Initial Examination, „Studies in Comparative Commu- nism” 1979, nr 12, s. 159–211. 4 Ibidem, s. 162. 5 K. Dąbek, PZPR. Retrospektywny portret własny, Warszawa 2006, s. 201–216. 456 2 (34) 2019 pamięć i sprawiedliwość Protegowani Jakuba Bermana jako przykład klientelizmu i nepotyzmu w elicie władzy PRL Wicenty6. -
6501 Lansing Ave. Cleveland, OH 44105 216-883-2828 E-Mail: [email protected]
6501 Lansing Ave. Cleveland, OH 44105 216-883-2828 e-mail: [email protected] www.naforumcle.com POLISH-AMERICAN October 2018, No. 10/189 Październik 2018, Nr 10/189 Forum - October 2018 - Page 2 Intelektualiści polscy uprawiania filozofii oraz kultywowali styl pracy umysłowej, który charakteryzował się jasnością, w służbie niepodległości ścisłością, metodycznością badań i dążeniem do Polski cud niepodległości może być rugowania mętnych i wieloznacznych pojęć. opowiedziany na wiele różnych sposobów. Jest tak Kazimierz Twardowski urodził się w dlatego, że zawdzięczamy go bardzo wielu rodakom, Wiedniu 20 października 1866 roku, tam też spędził którzy walką i pracą, czynem i myślą przyczynili się swoje dzieciństwo i lata młodzieńcze. Ojciec do odzyskania Ojczyzny. Oczywiście najczęściej Kazimierza Twardowskiego, Pius – z wykształcenia opowiadamy o niepodległości zaczynając od prawnik zatrudniony w administracji austriackiej – najbardziej znaczących postaci, które wywarły żywił pozytywistyczne przekonanie, że solidną największy wpływ na odzyskanie przez Polskę pracą dla polski i kultury narodowej oraz na niwie niepodległości: są wśród nich wybitni politycy, wychowywania przyszłych pokoleń Polaków znakomici dowódcy i stratedzy wojskowi, działacze najlepiej przyczynimy się dla dobra własnego kraju. społeczni, patriotycznie nastawieni kapłani, wreszcie Stąd też po osiedleniu się w Wiedniu stał się polska inteligencja kształtująca umysły Polaków i wkrótce ważną osobistością życia polonijnego w przygotowująca naród do życia w suwerennej i tym mieście. Swoją polskość i żarliwy patriotyzm wolnej ojczyźnie. Wśród tych ostatnich znajdują się łączył przy tym w umiejętny sposób z uczciwą i osoby, które nie są dzisiaj powszechnie znane, choć lojalną pracą na rzecz Austro-Węgier. Jego działalność organizacyjna i filantropijna na rzecz różnego rodzaju stowarzyszeń polonijnych oraz organizacji corocznych obchodów kolejnych rocznic Odsieczy Wiedeńskiej powodowała, że cieszył się on wielkim szacunkiem i autorytetem wśród wiedeńskiej polonii. -
Lessons from the Treblinka Archive: Transnational Collections and Their Implications for Historical Research Chad S.A
Journal of Contemporary Archival Studies Volume 5 Article 14 2018 Lessons from the Treblinka Archive: Transnational Collections and their Implications for Historical Research Chad S.A. Gibbs University of Wisconsin-Madison, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/jcas Part of the Archival Science Commons, European History Commons, and the Jewish Studies Commons Recommended Citation Gibbs, Chad S.A. (2018) "Lessons from the Treblinka Archive: Transnational Collections and their Implications for Historical Research," Journal of Contemporary Archival Studies: Vol. 5 , Article 14. Available at: https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/jcas/vol5/iss1/14 This Case Study is brought to you for free and open access by EliScholar – A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Contemporary Archival Studies by an authorized editor of EliScholar – A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Lessons from the Treblinka Archive: Transnational Collections and their Implications for Historical Research Cover Page Footnote No one works alone. True to this statement, I owe thanks to many for their assistance in the completion of this work. This article began as a seminar paper in Professor Kathryn Ciancia's course "Transnational Histories of Modern Europe." I thank her and my classmates for many enlightening discussions and the opportunity to challenge my ongoing research in new ways. As always, I thank my advisor at the University of Wisconsin- Madison, Professor Amos Bitzan. His guidance and example are always greatly appreciated. In completing this work, I also had the support of my colleague Brian North and Professors Christopher Simer of the University of Wisconsin-River Falls and Connie Harris of Dickinson State University. -
Yizkor, 1943 Share →
Yizkor, 1943 Share → Yizkor, 1943 A story of life in the Warsaw GheÜo, on Yom HaShoah BY RACHEL AUERBACH MAY 04, 2016 ILLUSTRATION: JOANNA NEBORSKY AND COREY FOGEL - murderous cruelty of the Nazi occupier, mass starvation, and disease. A collection of diaries and eyewitness accounts, sociological surveys, poetry, public notices and wall posters, theater tickets, chocolate wrappers, and other documents of a life and a place that were anything but ordinary, the Archive was compiled by dozens of researchers and writers T working under the direction of the historian Emanuel Ringelblum, who hoped to preserve the memory of his doomed community. On the eve of the Ghetto uprising, the Archive was buried in three metal milk cans and some metal boxes. Over six weeks of ghting, the Nazis used dynamite, bombs, artillery shells and ame-throwers to reduce the Ghetto to rubble. Ringelblum and his wife Yehudit and son Uri went into hiding in a bunker on the “Aryan” side of Warsaw, where they were discovered by the Gestapo on March 7, 1944. They were taken to Pawiak Prison where they were tortured and shot, along with the Poles who had sheltered them. In August 1944, the Polish population of Warsaw rose up against the Nazis, who then leveled the rest of the city. Miraculously, the Ringelblum Archive survived the destruction of the Warsaw’s Jewish population, the physical destruction of the Ghetto, and then the obliteration of the rest of Warsaw. On Sept. 18, 1946, 10 metal boxes containing a portion of the Archive were found beneath the rubble of the ruined city. -
Patterns of Cooperation, Collaboration and Betrayal: Jews, Germans and Poles in Occupied Poland During World War II1
July 2008 Patterns of Cooperation, Collaboration and Betrayal: Jews, Germans and Poles in Occupied Poland during World War II1 Mark Paul Collaboration with the Germans in occupied Poland is a topic that has not been adequately explored by historians.2 Holocaust literature has dwelled almost exclusively on the conduct of Poles toward Jews and has often arrived at sweeping and unjustified conclusions. At the same time, with a few notable exceptions such as Isaiah Trunk3 and Raul Hilberg,4 whose findings confirmed what Hannah Arendt had written about 1 This is a much expanded work in progress which builds on a brief overview that appeared in the collective work The Story of Two Shtetls, Brańsk and Ejszyszki: An Overview of Polish-Jewish Relations in Northeastern Poland during World War II (Toronto and Chicago: The Polish Educational Foundation in North America, 1998), Part Two, 231–40. The examples cited are far from exhaustive and represent only a selection of documentary sources in the author’s possession. 2 Tadeusz Piotrowski has done some pioneering work in this area in his Poland’s Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces, and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947 (Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 1998). Chapters 3 and 4 of this important study deal with Jewish and Polish collaboration respectively. Piotrowski’s methodology, which looks at the behaviour of the various nationalities inhabiting interwar Poland, rather than focusing on just one of them of the isolation, provides context that is sorely lacking in other works. For an earlier treatment see Richard C. Lukas, The Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles under German Occupation, 1939–1944 (Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1986), chapter 4. -
Story of Jan Karski the EMISSARY
THE EMISSARY Maciej Kozłowski THE EMISSARY Story of Jan Karski English translation Joanna Maria Kwiatowska Foreword Jan Karski was a messenger. During the Second World War, he risked his life infiltrating the Warsaw Ghetto and crossing occupied Europe to carry news of the Holocaust to the free world; news of such suffering and atrocity that many refused to believe it. He was also a messenger throughout his 50 years as an American, bringing to us messages about freedom based on his experience in wartime Poland; messages that he delivered to generations of students seeking to understand the world of international affairs. Jan Karski was brave; he was resolute; and he demanded of us what he demanded of himself: that we face with clarity the existence of injustice and evil in the world and act with courage to defeat them. Above all, his message was that freedom must be defended. His personal courage and commitment gave weight to his convictions, and his understanding of the world gave depth to the personal history he embodied. Those who knew Jan Karski will never forget him; and his message will continue to light the path of freedom-loving peoples throughout the years to come. No one could ask for a finer legacy. Bill Clinton 5 A photograph of Jan Karski taken from a poster advertising one of his lectures about the Holocaust, May 1982 July 28th, 1943, 10:15 a.m. Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D.C. The limousine of Jan Ciechanowski, Polish Ambassador to the United States, arrives inJ front of the White House. -
The Function of Memory from the Warsaw Ghetto As Presented by the POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews
Student Publications Student Scholarship Spring 2021 The Function of Memory from the Warsaw Ghetto as Presented by the POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews Hannah M. Labovitz Gettysburg College Follow this and additional works at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/student_scholarship Part of the Holocaust and Genocide Studies Commons, Jewish Studies Commons, and the Museum Studies Commons Share feedback about the accessibility of this item. Recommended Citation Labovitz, Hannah M., "The Function of Memory from the Warsaw Ghetto as Presented by the POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews" (2021). Student Publications. 913. https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/student_scholarship/913 This open access student research paper is brought to you by The Cupola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of The Cupola. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Function of Memory from the Warsaw Ghetto as Presented by the POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews Abstract Because of the extreme challenges they endured within Warsaw Ghetto and the slim chance they had at survival, the Jewish people sought to protect their legacy and leave a lasting impact on the world. They did so by both documenting their experiences, preserving them in what was known as the Oyneg Shabes archives, and by engaging in a bold act of defiance against the Nazis with the arsawW Ghetto Uprising in 1943, rewriting the narrative of Jewish passivity. With both instances, the POLIN Museum presents these moments of the past and shapes a collective memory based on a Jewish perspective with which the public can engage. -
A Jewish Art
SUSAN NASHMAN FRAIMAN A Jewish Art It was like coming to the end of the world with no more continents to discover. One must now begin to make habitable the only continents that there are. One must learn to live within the limits of the world. As I see it, this means returning art to the serving of largely human ends. —Arthur C. Danto, in The State of the Art (1987) IN THE BEGINNING , was there Jewish art? 1 The debate about the existence of Jewish art is an old one, starting in the nineteenth century, with the devel - opment of the study of art history, which started almost concurrently with the development of nationalist movements in Europe. Questions of whether each nation has a distinctive style were raised by art historians, and answered in the affirmative. Art historians, however, denied Jews the existence of an art form. Jews, they claimed, were constitutionally unable to produce art—the second commandment was too ingrained in Jewish consciousness. 2 This atti - tude even spilled over to the possibility of creation in other arts—the most notable proponent of this was Wagner, who claimed in “ Das Judenthum in der Musik ” (1850) that the Jews were not only incapable of producing real music, they were incapable of producing real art of any kind. 3 This article will focus on some of artistic activity in the land of Israel, including the founding of Bezalel, offer some examples of artists in Israel working in the “Jewish vein” today, and conclude with a summary of a recent Biennale held in Jerusalem and the new and exciting directions artistic expression by self-defined observant Jews is taking. -
Pogrom Cries – Essays on Polish-Jewish History, 1939–1946
Rückenstärke cvr_eu: 39,0 mm Rückenstärke cvr_int: 34,9 mm Eastern European Culture, 12 Eastern European Culture, Politics and Societies 12 Politics and Societies 12 Joanna Tokarska-Bakir Joanna Tokarska-Bakir Pogrom Cries – Essays on Polish-Jewish History, 1939–1946 Pogrom Cries – Essays This book focuses on the fate of Polish “From page one to the very end, the book Tokarska-Bakir Joanna Jews and Polish-Jewish relations during is composed of original and novel texts, the Holocaust and its aftermath, in the which make an enormous contribution on Polish-Jewish History, ill-recognized era of Eastern-European to the knowledge of the Holocaust and its pogroms after the WW2. It is based on the aftermath. It brings a change in the Polish author’s own ethnographic research in reading of the Holocaust, and offers totally 1939–1946 those areas of Poland where the Holo- unknown perspectives.” caust machinery operated, as well as on Feliks Tych, Professor Emeritus at the the extensive archival query. The results Jewish Historical Institute, Warsaw 2nd Revised Edition comprise the anthropological interviews with the members of the generation of Holocaust witnesses and the results of her own extensive archive research in the Pol- The Author ish Institute for National Remembrance Joanna Tokarska-Bakir is a cultural (IPN). anthropologist and Professor at the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish “[This book] is at times shocking; however, Academy of Sciences at Warsaw, Poland. it grips the reader’s attention from the first She specialises in the anthropology of to the last page. It is a remarkable work, set violence and is the author, among others, to become a classic among the publica- of a monograph on blood libel in Euro- tions in this field.” pean perspective and a monograph on Jerzy Jedlicki, Professor Emeritus at the the Kielce pogrom. -
Patterns of Anti-Jewish Violence in Poland, 1944-1946 David Engel
Patterns Of Anti-Jewish Violence In Poland, 1944-1946 David Engel The story of the infamous Kielce pogrom of July 4, 1946, during which forty-two Jews were killed and forty more were injured, has been told and retold in popular and scholarly works to the point where the recent fiftieth anniversary of its occurrence prompted a public commemoration that made news around the world.1 A fair measure of controversy still exists, however, regarding the meaning of the murderous events. While the background to the outbreak of violence was a medieval blood libel, one central axis of disagreement is the manner in which the underlying cause of the violence should be represented. Certain depictions have given explanatory primacy to the immediate historical context in which the pogrom occurred - that of a fierce ongoing armed battle between passionate pro- and antigovernment forces, in which Jews assumed a highly visible and remarkably uniform pro-government position, in sharp distinction to the antigovernment attitudes of what was evidently a sizable majority of Polish society. Such an approach has made the events at Kielce appear mainly either as an instance of political protest - in which case the savage anti-Jewish overtones reflected an unfortunate but nonetheless real correlation between ethnicity and political behavior - or as one of cynical manipulation by a regime bent on exploiting that correlation to deflect or suppress potential opposition to 1 The most thorough and reliable treatment to date is Bozena Szaynok, Pogrom Zydow w Kielcach 4 lipca 1946 (Wroclaw: Wydawnictwo Bellona, 1992). Other narrations of the events include Stanislaw Meducki, "The Pogrom in Kielce on July 4, 1946,” Polin 9 (1996), pp.