Guía Sobre Normalización En La Accesibilidad De Las TIC

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Guía Sobre Normalización En La Accesibilidad De Las TIC Este libro debería ser indexado con los siguientes términos: normalización, estándares, normas, accesibilidad, accesibilidad electrónica, TIC, guía This books should be indexed with these terms: standardisation, standards, accessibility, electronic accessibility, ICT, guide La cita bibliográfica sugerida es: / The suggested citation is: Martínez Normand L., Rodríguez Ascaso A. (2011). Guía sobre normalización en la accesibilidad de las TIC. (J. Reig & R. Tejerina, Eds.). Madrid: CENTAC, Centro Nacional de Tecnologías de la Accesibilidad. Edita: Centac Coordinares de esta edición: Juan Reig Redondo Rosa Tejerina Pérez Equipo editorial de CENTAC: Aurora Bustelo Virginia Guedan Diego Soriano Rosa Tejerina José A. Valverde Para información sobre este libro y las actividades de CENTAC: [email protected] http://www.centac.es Primera Edición: Julio 2011 Diseño y maquetación: www.lafabricagrafica.net Printed in Spain – Impreso en España Depósito Legal: ISBN: 978-84-615-2055-8 La presente publicación pertenece al Centro Nacional de Tecnologías de la Accesibilidad (CENTAC) y está bajo una licencia Reconocimiento-No Comercial 3.0 España de Creative Commons, y por ello está permitido copiar, distribuir y comunicar públicamente esta obra bajo las condiciones siguientes: - Reconocimiento: El contenido de este libro se puede reproducir total o parcialmente por terceros, citando su proceden cia y haciendo referencia expresa tanto a CENTAC como a su sitio web: www.centac.es. Dicho reconocimiento no podrá sugerir en ningún caso que CENTAC presta apoyo a dicho tercero o apoya el uso que hace de su obra. Uso no comercial: El material original y los trabajos derivados pueden ser distribuidos, copiados y exhibidos mientras su uso no tenga fines comerciales. Al reutilizar o distribuir la obra, es preciso que estos términos de la licencia sean claros. Alguna de estas condiciones puede no aplicarse si se obtiene el permiso de CENTAC como titular de los derechos de autor. Nada en esta licencia menoscaba o restringe los derechos morales de CENTAC. Texto completo de la licencia: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/es/ Prólogo PRÓLOGO En los inicios de la telefonía fija, se descartó que cada usuario estableciese por sí mismo la comunicación. Los expertos de entonces pensaban que era complicado, los errores se multiplicarían y sería poco eficiente. La evolución tecnológica permitió el paso de centralitas manuales a automáticas y luego digitales. La marcación numeral y luego un simple botón de selección o la marcación por voz, han hecho de la telefonía uno de los medios más accesibles e independientes para el usuario. Este conocido ejemplo nos debe hacer pensar en lo que podemos, y debemos, esperar de las actua- les tecnologías. Hoy día, las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) han introducido cambios en los estilos de vida, el mundo laboral, los fenómenos sociológicos y las formas de relación interpersonal. Es tan profunda la integración de las TIC en nuestra vida cotidiana, que cuesta imaginar un mundo sin ellas. Es más, resulta difícil pensar en un puesto de trabajo donde no sea necesaria su comprensión y manejo. Una de las características de los productos y servicios TIC, es la rapidez en sus de- sarrollos y en la generación de nuevos productos y servicios. En este contexto, surge un nuevo concepto presente desde hace unos años, la llamada brecha digital. Este concepto implica que una parte importante de la población puede sufrir la exclusión por no tener acceso a las TIC. Esto es debido a diversas causas: por desconocimiento y rechazo de las mismas, por falta de formación tecnológica, por no tener un entorno que facilite su conocimiento, o por no disponer de productos o servicios accesibles que permitan su utilización. Esta última causa mencionada, es la más difícil de solucionar si no se produce una apuesta decidida por parte del mundo industrial, de la investiga- ción y de la administración por conseguir incorporar la accesibilidad en los productos y servicios TIC. En esta tarea ocupa un papel fundamental la existencia, uso y conoci- miento de las normas y estándares para la accesibilidad de las TIC. La normalización es imprescindible para el desarrollo de productos y servicios TIC, pues éstos tienen que funcionar de manera integrada, y además permite que se produzcan de una manera más rápida y eficiente. Los estándares o normas po- dríamos, expresado de una manera sencilla, considerarlos como la creación de definiciones consensuadas, que permiten que todos los implicados en un deter- minado producto o servicio, utilicen un protocolo común en su diseño, fabricación, comercialización o utilización. CENTAC, como elemento dinamizador del mercado nacional incipiente de la accesibi- lidad TIC, se ha marcado como objetivo recopilar, en un único documento, las normas 3 Guía sobre normalización en la accesibilidad de las TIC más relevantes sobre accesibilidad TIC de los principales organismos de normaliza- ción. Con ello quiere dar un impulso a su difusión entre los diferentes actores im- plicados, desde los investigadores, diseñadores y desarrolladores, pasando por los fabricantes, legisladores, distribuidores, compradores, educadores, hasta los propios usuarios finales. Este segundo informe de la colección Accesibilidad, Tecnología y Sociedad ha sido ela- borado por dos profesores universitarios con una dilatada experiencia en el mundo de las TIC y en la accesibilidad de las mismas, así como en el ámbito normativo. Además, el Centro Nacional pondrá próximamente a disposición de las personas interesadas una actualización permanente en su propia página web de dicho corpus normativo, complementando y completando lo que se ofrece en esta valiosa guía. Como el ejemplo con que iniciamos este breve prólogo, animo a los lectores con inde- pendencia de su perfil, a conseguir entre todos convertir a las Tecnologías de la Infor- mación y la Comunicación en uno de los instrumentos fundamentales para conseguir una sociedad más inclusiva, abierta, y en la que el acceso y disfrute de la información, sea un derecho real de todo individuo. Esta es la visión de CENTAC. José A. Valverde Director General Centro Nacional de Tecnologías de la Accesibilidad 4 Índice ÍNDICE Presentación ....................................................................................................... 7 Resumen .............................................................................................................. 8 Abstract ................................................................................................................ 8 GUÍA SOBRE NORMALIZACIÓN EN LA ACCESIBILIDAD DE LAS TIC Introducción ........................................................................................................ 11 Ámbito y objetivos .............................................................................................. 11 LAS NORMAS Y LA ACCESIBILIDAD ELECTRÓNICA ............................. 13 Las normas y la accesibilidad electrónica ...................................................... 15 Políticas sobre normalización y accesibilidad electrónica ........................... 18 Legislación de ámbito general en España ....................................................... 18 Legislación específica sobre accesibilidad TIC en España ............................ 21 Legislación específica sobre accesibilidad TIC en el resto del mundo ........ 23 Principales organizaciones de normas ........................................................... 25 Organizaciones internacionales ........................................................................ 25 ISO ............................................................................................................... 25 IEC ............................................................................................................... 28 ISO/IEC ....................................................................................................... 29 ITU-T ............................................................................................................. 31 W3C ............................................................................................................. 31 Organizaciones Europeas ................................................................................... 33 ETSI ............................................................................................................. 33 CEN .............................................................................................................. 35 CENELEC ..................................................................................................... 36 5 Guía sobre normalización en la accesibilidad de las TIC Organismos nacionales ...................................................................................... 37 Estados Unidos .......................................................................................... 37 United States Access Board .................................................................. 37 Raising the floor ..................................................................................... 38 HFES y ANSI ............................................................................................ 38 Reino Unido ................................................................................................ 38 BSI ........................................................................................................... 38 Japón ..........................................................................................................
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