A Translation of Agassiz, Louis, Desor, E. 1847. Catalogue Raisonné Des Espèces, Des Genres Et Des Familles D'echinides Annales Des Sciences Naturelles

University of South Florida Scholar Commons

Integrative Biology Books Integrative Biology

1847

Catalogue Raisonné of Species, Genera and Families of Echinoids: A translation of Agassiz, Louis, Desor, E. 1847. Catalogue raisonné des espèces, des genres et des familles d'Echinides Annales des sciences naturelles

Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz

Pierre Jean Édouard Desor

John Lawrence University of South Florida, [email protected]

Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/bin_books

Recommended Citation Agassiz, L. & E. Desor (2021). Catalogue Raisonné of Species, Genera and Families of Echinoids: A translation of Agassiz, Louis, Desor, E. 1847. Catalogue raisonné des espèces, des genres et des familles d'Echinides Annales des sciences naturelles, volume 7, series 3, p. 129-168 (J. M. Lawrence, Trans.). Herizos Press, Tampa.

This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Integrative Biology at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Integrative Biology Books by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected].

Catalogue raisonné of species, genera and families of echinoids: A translation of Agassiz, Louis, Desor, E. 1847. Catalogue raisonné des espèces, des genres et des familles d'Echinides Annales des sciences naturelles. Volume: 7, Series: 3, Pages: 129–168 by John M. Lawrence. University of South Florida.

Translator’s notes.

I reproduce here for the reader’s convenience the description that is given in Agassiz and Desor (1846) of each species. The habitat for the living species, and the deposit for the fossil species, is indicated in a separate paragraph after the description with the museum or collection where the species is found. Here is the key to the geological abbreviations.

Tert. Tertiary. Portl. Portlandian. Calc. gr. Large chalk. Séquan. Sequanian. Terr. numm. Nummulitic deposit. Kimmer. Kimmeridian. Terr. crét. Cretaceous deposit. Coral. Corallian. Cr. bl. White chalk. Argov. Marne. Dan. Danien. Oxford. Oxfordian. Terr. pisol. Pisolitic deposit. Kellov. Kellovian. Cr. marn. Chlorite chalk. Ool. Inf. Lower oolite. Marn. néoc, Marly chalk. Vésul Vesulian. Néoc. Neocomian. Marn. vésul. Vesulian marl. Terr. jurass. Jurassic deposit. Ool. Ferrug. Ferruginous oolite.

The uppercase numbers placed after the names of the authors in the fossil species indicate the numbers of order of the collection of mussels of the Museum of Neuchâtel. This collection exists in addition to the Museum of Paris, the British Museum, the museums of Berlin, Turin, Montpellier, and of MM. Michelin at Paris and Charles Desmoulins at Bordeaux, etc.

The figures are at the end of the memoir by Agassiz and Desor, Vol. 6.

I thank Thomas Saucede for his help with a very obscure anatomical term.

CATALOGUE RAISONNÉ

OF THE SPECIES, GENERA AND FAMILIES OF ECHINOIDS

By MM. L. Agassiz and E. Desor

— Following1 —

______

FAMILY OF CLYPEASTEROIDS

Urchins of pentagonal, elliptical or circular form. Test thick, covered with small uniform spines supported by small, very dense and uniform tubercles on all parts of the test. Pentagonal mouth central. Posterior anus marginal or inframarginal. Masticatory apparatus composed of five jaws placed horizontally and pivoting on two pillars that correspond to two hollows of the lower surface of the jaws. Single teeth, beveled at the end, are inserted directly into a groove in the middle of the jaws. The interior cavity is sometimes single, sometimes divided into compartments by the wall of pillars. The ambulacra are in the form of wide petals on the dorsal surface, rectilinear or anastomosed on the ventral surface. Five ocular plates are intercalated between the genital plates at the top of the ambulacra.

XXXVIII. CLYPEASTER LAMK.

Form pentagonal, truncated behind, rostrate forward, swollen, sometimes conical or sub- conical. Ventral surface flat. Ambulacral petals very ample and circumscribed by very wide poriferous zones. On the ventral surface, the ambulacra correspond to five narrow, rectilinear grooves that go to the mouth. Anus small, infra-marginal. Pentagonal mouth opens into a deep hollow. Jaws very strong, composed of two strong, high wings. Teeth placed vertically at the end of the jaws. Numerous vertical walls in the interior of the test. Five genital plates are located at the top of the ambulacral areas. They are not contiguous with the madreporite. The known species appear in Tertiary deposits and the present epoch. rosaceus Lamk. Encyl. méth. Zooph. Pl. 144, fig. 7 and 8, and Pl. 143, fig. 1, 2, 5 and 6. Desml. Tabl. syn. p, 212. — Clypeaster incurvatus Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 212. — Species characterized by very wide and strongly rounded petals. Antilles. Also found in a state of petrification, at Guadaloupe. — Everywhere.

1 See for the first part of this work, v. VI, p. 305. Var. with six ambulacra. — Desmoulins, Mus. Paris. Var. with four armbulacra. — Mus. Paris.

Rangianus Desml. Etud. Echin. P. 62, Pl. 1. Ile du Prince (west coast of Africa). — Desmoulins. pliocenicus Lamk. Scutella ambigena Lamk. — Flat species. Short ambulacral petals. Their length at most half the entire ray between the top and the border. Red Sea (Rűppel, Botta, Lefebvre), Giebel -Reit, Gulf of Mansoar (Reynaud). — Mus. Paris. scutilformis Lamk. Encyl. méth. Zooph. Pl. 147. Fog 3 and 4. — Small, flat elongated species with very swollen borders. Var. minor: Clypeaster reticulatus Desml. Tabl. Syn. p. 214. Ile Karrak, Persian Gulf, (Leclancer), in a state of petrification in the Red Sea (Lefebvre). — Mus. Paris (gal. geol.), Desmoulins. parvus Duchassaigne, Bull. Fr. Soc. géol. Fr. 1847. — It is the smallest known species, near to C. scutiformis. White turf of the Point-des-Châteaux (Guadeloupe). — D’Orbigny, Michelin

Fossil species

Umbru Agass. — Clypeaster Gairmardi Al. Brongn. — Scutella gibbosa Risso. — Clypeaster gibbosus M. de S. — Easily recognized with its slightly widened border that gives it a very stocky appearance. The ventral surface is swollen. Tert. deposits. Ile Bunifacio and Santa-Monza (Corsica), Nice, Montpellier. — Mus. Paris, Neuchâtel, Marcel de Serres, Michelin. dilatatus Desor. — R 61. —Species near C. umbrella, but with a broader border and without swelling. Could be a variety of C. umbrella. Tert. of Taurus, Ile of Crete. — Michelin, Raulin. acuminatus Desor. R 63. Species nearly circular, acuminate, thin border, with protruding ambulacra. Tert. Ipoly-Shag (Hungary), — Michelin. altus Lamk. — 56. S 93. — Encycl. méth. Zooph. Pl. 140, fig. 1 and 2. — Agass. Cat. syst. 6. — E. Sism. Mém. Ech. foss. Nizza, p. 46. Ech. foss. Piem. P. 40. — Knorr. Suppl. Tab. 9d, fig. 1. — ß portentosus Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 218. Tert. of Port de-Bouc, Saint Miniato (Tuscany), Nice, Turin, Ile of Crete, (Raulin), Ile of Capri, Malta, Bonfacio, Ajaccio, Oran (Deshayes). Mus. Paris and Turin. Var. turrita: — Q 17. — C. turritus Agass. Cat. syst. p. 6. Tert. of Dax. École des Mines (young). Var. minor: Clypeaster aassizii E. Sisin. Mém. Ech. foss., Nizza, p. 48, Tab. 2, fig. 5–7. Nice. — Mus. Turin. taurine Desor. — R 62. Very large elongated species, pentagonal with a strongly swollen border. Poriferous zones very wide at their end. Tertiary of Taurus, Isle of Crete. — Michelin, Raulin. scutellatus. M. de S. — P 28. R. 11. R 12. — Agass. Cat. syst. p. 6. — Knorr. II,Tb. II, E, V. — Clypeaster intermedius Desm. Tab. Syn. p. 281. — Clypeaster placenta Agass. — Clypeaster martinianus Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 281. — Cypeaster rosaceus E. Sism. (non Lamk.). Ech. foss. Piem. p. 39. Tert. (molasses) from Boutonnet near Montpellier, La Couronne near Martigues, plane of Arau, (Bouche- du-Rhone, Etang de la Valduc (Bouches-du-Rhone), Monségur (Drôme), Taurus, Cadenet (Vaucluse), Corsica, Tert. moy. of the hills of Turin. — Mus. Paris, Avignon and Turin, Michelin. crassicostatus Agass. — Q 12. — Cat. syst. p. 6. — E. Sism. Ech. foss. Piem. Tab. 3, fig. 1–3. Species near C. scutellatus, but with much more swollen ambulaca in the form of large ribs. Tert. of Superga, hills of Turin. — Mus. Turin. crassis Agass. — 55 — Cat. syst. p. 6. — Clypeaster grandifloras Bronn. — Near C. placunarius but the ambulacra are larger. Tert. (Corsica). — Deshayes.

scillæ Desor. — 59. 60. — Tabl. syn. p. 218. — Clypeaster latirostris Agass. Cat. syst. p. 6. — Species flat, thin at the border, swollen at the top. Wide ambulacral petals. Tert. Villeneuve, Morée, Corsica. — Deshayes, Michelin.

Michelotti Agass. — Q 13. — Cat. syst. p. 6. — very near C. scillæ but less angular. Tert. of Italy. — Michelin. Mus. Turin. laganoides Agass. — Clypeaster ambigena E, Sism. (non Lamk.). Echin. foss. Piam. p. 42 laganoides Agass. - Clypeaster ambigena E. Sism. (non Lamk.). Echin. foss. Piam. p. 42. — Very flat. Near C. michelottti but flatter and longer. The anterior border is more rounded. Tert. moy. Quarry of Savonne. — Mus. Turin. marginatus Lamk. — 57. — Agass. Cat. syst. p. 6. — Clypeaster Tarbellianus. Gratel. Echin. foss. de Dax. p. 49. Tab. 1, fig. 5 and 6. Tert. Tourraine. Landes, Naos, Bonifacio, Dax. — Grateloup,

Beaumonti E. Sism. Echin. foss. Piem. p. 44, Tab. 3, fig. 4 and 5. — Species very flat, as wide as long, pentagonal, with a thin border. Differs from C. marginata by the contours of the posterior border that is straight. From Superga of Turin. Tert. moyen of the quarry of Savonna. — Mus. Turin. folium Agass — S 61. — Species very flat, with sharp borders. Tert. Palermo. — Deluc.

XXXI. LAGANUM KLEIN.

Form depressed, pentagonal, sub-pentagonal or ovoid, truncated posteriorly, rostrate anteriorly. Elongated ambulacral petals, narrower than those of the clypeasters and less rounded at their end. Four or five genital pores contiguous with the madrepore. No partitions in the interior of the test if not near the edge. Mouth small, flush with test. Jaws as in clypeasters but flatter. Anus below. It differs, in addition, from the clypeasters in that the intestine is located between the network of the test and the masticatory apparatus. The known species are from tertiary deposits and the present epoch.

FIRST TYPE. — Four genital pores. Caecal sinus of the border fill a very large area.

Lesueurii Val. (Mus.) — Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 116, Tab. 24, Fig 3–6. Guadeloupe (M. Plée), Porto Ricco. — Mus. Paris. rostratum Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles. p. 118, Tab. 25. New Zealand, Zanzibar (Rousseau). Deshayes, Michelin, Mus. Paris.

Peronii Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles. p. 123, Tab. 22, fig. 21–24. Southern seas (Péron). — Mus. Paris. elongatum Agass.— V 4. — Monogr. des Scuotelles, p. 120. — Echinodiscus orbicularis Lesk., p. 208, Tabl. 45, fig. 6 and 7. Batavia. —Mus. Neuchâtel, Desmoulins, Michelen.

SECOND TYPE. Five genital pores. Caecal sinus of the border limited to a narrow zone.

Bonani Klein — Agass. Monogr. des Scutlelles. p. 108. Tab. 2, fig. 8–12 and Tab. 22, fig. 25–29. New Guinea. (Quoy and Gaimard, Vanicoro. — Mus. Paris. depressum Less. — Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 110, Tab. 23, fig. 1–7. Ile of Bourou, Moluccas (Lesson and Garnot). – Mus. Paris. decagonum Less. — Agass. Monogr.des Scutelles, p. 112, Tab. 23, fig. 16–20. Ile Waigiou (Lessson and Garnot). — Mus. Paris. ellipticum Agass. Monogr. des Scullides, p. 111, Tab.23, fig. 13–15. Origin unknown. — Stokes. tonganense Quoy and Gaim. — Agass. — Monogr. des Scutelleds. p. 111, Table 26 fig. 1–19. Tonga (Quoy and Gaimard), New Guinea, Amboine, Vanicoro. — Mus. Paris. atteniatum Very near L. tonganense, but depressed on the periphery. Differs from L. ellipticum by its more angular form and by its circular anus. Posterior border beveled. Mouth small. Sub-fossil of the Red Sea (Lefebvre), Ile Kerrak, Persian Gulf (Leclancher). — Mus. Paris (gal. geol). cingulatum Agass. Small circular or elliptical species, flat, with swollen border. Ambulacral star very small. Solomon Islands (Hombron and Jacquinol). — Mus. Paris. latissimum Bl. — Scutella latissima Lamk. Species of a very large size with a thin border, not swollen. Indian Ocean. — Mus. Paris.

Fossil species tenuissimum Agass. — M 40. — Monogr des Scutelles. p. 113, Tab. 20, fig. 4–6. — Cat. syst. p. 6. — Scutella polygona Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 234. Calc. gr. of Plossac, near Blaye. — Desmoulins, Mus. Neuchâtel. marginale Agass.. — V 9. — Scutella marginalis, var. angulata Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 234. — Laganum reflexum Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 113, Tab. 26. Fig. 1–3. Tert, de Blaye, Noirmont. — Desmoulins, Mus. Paris, Michelin.

XL. ECHINARACHNIUS VAN PHELS

Form discoidal, depressed. Ambulacral petals open. Ambulacral grooves of the ventral surface straight, very little ramified. Mouth small, circular, flush with the test. Jaws tall. Teeth placed horizontally. Anus very small. Four genital pores contiguous to the madreporite plate. Differs from laganids by its circular form and by its marginal anus, and from the scutellids by its open and non- arced ambulacral petals. We know only Tertiary and living species. parma Gray. Attempt on Echin. p. 6. — Agass, Prodr. p. 188, and Monogr des Scutelles, p. 89, Tb. 29, fig. 7–18. Echinodiscus parma Bl. Zooph. p. 199. — Scutella parma Lamk. III, p. 284. n° 13. Canada (Lyell). Indian Ocean, Kamchatka, Tonga-Tabout. — Mus. Paris.

If this species is really identical in all these localities, it has a mode of distribution very different from those of the other known echinoids that in general have a narrow distribution.

Rumphii Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 91, Tab. 21, fig. 1–96. ? Amboine (Rumph.) — Mus. Neuchâtel, Prince of d’Eslingen. atlanticus Gray. — Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 92, Tab. 21, fig. 32–34. Newfoundland. — British Mus.

Fossil species juliensis Desor. — T 94. Bull. Soc. géol. Fr. 18479. — Differs from Parma and Rumphii in that the anus is sensibly inframarginal. Tertiary sandstone of Port Saint Julien (Patagonia). — Darwin. incismus Agass. — V 14. — Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 93, Tab. 21, fig. 29–32. Calc. gr. of Hauteville. — Mus. Paris, Deshayes and Defrance. porpita Agassiz. — V 6. — Scutella porpita. Specimen from Pl. de l’Encycl. méth. Tab. 152, fig. 3 and 4. — Cassidulus porpita Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 246. Calc. gr. of Terre-Nègre near Bordeaux. — Desmousins.

XLI. ARACHNOIDES KLEIN

Form circular, depressed. Test very thin. Ambulacral petal broadly open. Tubercles linear in the ambulacral areas, sporadic in the interambulacral areas. Ambulacral grooves of the ventral surface straight non-ramified. Round mouth. Jaws very flat. Anus super-marginal. Five genital pores. A single species that is living. placenta Agass. Monogr. des Scugtelles, p. 94, Tab. 2, fig. 35–42. Ile Foulah (Shetland), (Forbes). Amboine (Quoy and Gaimard), Solomon Islands. Mus. Paris and British.

XLII. SCUTELLA LAMK. (AGASS.)

Form sub-circular, truncated posteriorly. Ambulacral petals rounded, nearly closed. Ambulacral grooves of the ventral surface sinuous and ramified. Mouth circular, flush with the test. Jaws less tall than in the clypeasters. Anus very small, marginal or infra-marginal. Four genital pores. The known species belong to the Tertiary formation and the present epoch. subrotunda Lamk. — P 27. — Anim. s. vert. III, p. 284. — Agass. Monogr. des. Scugtelles, p. 76, Tab. 17. — Cat. syst. p. 6. — Echinus subrotundus Gmel. — Scutellla gibercula M. de .S. (very old specimen). Tert. of Bordeau and Dambert, commune de Gornac (Gironde). — Deshayes, Desmoulines, Michelin. striatula M. de S. — S 78. — Geogn. p. 156. – Desml. Tabl. syn p. 123. — Agassiz. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 81, Tab. 18, fig. 1–5. — Scutella subotunda, Grat. Tab. L, fig. 1. — It could be the young age of S. subrotunda. Tert. moy. of Belleville. Terre-Nègre, Combes near Bordeaux. Baurech on the Garonne (young). Desmoulins, Michelin. truncata Val. — 33. — Specimen from the Pl. of l’Encycl. méth. Tab. 146, fig. 4 and 5. — Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 78, Tab. 16, fig. 1–3 and 6–10 and Tab. 19, fig. 3–6. Cat. syst. p. 6. Sainte Maure, shell-marl of Touraine, Saint Restitut (Vaucluse). —D’Archiac, Deshayes, Brongniart, Mus. Paris. Var.. propinqua Agass. — S. 79. — Monogr. des Scutelles. P. 79, Tab. 16, fig. 11, 16. Shell-marl of Touaine, Saint George in Anjou, Ile d’Aix (Char. inf.). — Doctor Mayor, Brongniart. Var. maxima: Scutella stellata Agass. — M. 3. — Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 83, Tab. 19, fig. 1 and 2. — Cat. syst. p. 6. Shell-marl of Touraine. — Deshayes.

Brongniarli Agass. — X 62. Monnogr. des Scutelles, p. 80. Tab. 18, fig. 1–3. — Cat. syst. p. 6. Tert. of Grignon ?. — Michelin.

Fanjasii Defr. — 32. — Dict. Sc. n. Tom. 48, p. 230. — Blainv. Zooph. p. 201. — Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 224. — Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 81, Tab. 18, fig. 4–6. — Cat. syst. p. 6. Tert. of the department of Sarthe. — Eudes Deslongchamps. producta Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 82, Tab. 18, fig. 6–10. Shell-marls around Saumur, Touraine, Saint-George-aux-Mines, Doué. — Valenciennes and Defrance, École des Mines, Mus. Paris (gal. géol.), Deshayes. paulensis Agass. Monogr. des Scutellides, p. 83, Tab. 19, fig. 8–10. Tert. of Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux, near Dax, Saint Restitut. — Doctor Mayor of Genève. patagonensis Desor. Bull. Soc. géol. de Fr. 18847. — Species very near Sc. paulensis, but narrower. Tert. of Port Désiré (Patagonia). — Darwin. subtetragona Grat. Mém. Ours. foss. etc. p. 87, Tab. 1, fig. 4. — Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 234. — Agass. Monogr. des. Scutelles, p. 84, Tab. 19, fig. 7. Yellow Shell-marls around Dax. — Grateloup.

Smithiana Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 84, Tab. 19a, fig. 5 and 6. Tert. (molasses) environ Lisbon. — Smith of Jordan Hill.

Rogersi Mort. — Q 81. — Synops. des foss. de la craie des Etat Unis. — Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 236, — Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 85, Tab. 19a, fig. 1–4. — Lagana Rogersi Agass. Cat. syst. p. 6. Chalk (?) of Georgia (United States, Alabama). — Mus. Lausanne and Strasbourg.

XLIII. DENDRASTER AGASS.

Form sub-circular, depressed. Ambulacral star eccentric posteriorly. Petals round, unequal. The unpaired one longer than the anterior ambulacral pairs. Ambulacaral grooves of the ventral surface ramified, even encroaching onto the dorsal surface. Anus beneath, as in the scutellids. Four genital pores. Differs from the scutellids by its eccentric ambulacral star. excentricus Agass. — Echinarachnius excentricus Val. Zool. Vénus, Pl. 10. California (Neboux). — Mus. Paris.

XLIV. LOBOPHORA AGASS.

Form sub-circular, flat, closed petals. Ambulacral grooves of the ventral surface wavy and little ramified. Mouth small. Jaws flat. Anus beneath, more or less far from the border. Four genital pores contiguous with the madreporite.

FIRST TYPE. — Two notches or elongated lunules in the extension of the posterior ambulacral areas. The known species belong to the present epoch. bifora Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles. p. 61, Tab. 12. Madagascar, coast of Cafrerie. — Mus. Paris. Desmoulins. truncata Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 66, Tab. 11, fig. 11–16. Origin unknown. — Mus. Paris. tenuissima Val. Species very flat, with very small lunules corresponding to the posterior ambulacral pairs. Waigiou (Lesson and Garnot). — Mus. Paris. bifissa Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 67, Tab. 13, fig. 2–6, and Tab. 12, fig. 1 and 2. Zanzibar (Rousseau), Red Sea (Roux, Savignyi). — Mus. Paris and Genève. aurita Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p, 70, Tab. 13, fig. 1, and Tab. 14, fig. 3–7. Red Sea (Guebhard). — Mus. Neuchâtel.

SECOND TYPE. — Sub-genus AMPHIOPE Agass. — Two circular lunules in the extension of the posterior ambulacral areas. The known species are fossils of Tertiary deposits. bioculata Agass. — 30. X 99. — Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 73, Tab. 11, fig. 1–5. — Cat. syst. p. 6. Shell-marls of Touraine, Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux, Bordeaux, Sure near Bollème (Vaucuse), Sainte- Maure (Indre-el-Loir). — Deshayes, Michelin, Desmoulins. Var. B. foraminibus transers ovatis Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 232. Calc. gr. of Dambert, Gornac commune (Gironde). — Desmoulins. elliptica Desor. — T 93. — Large species having the anus farther from the mouth than in Amph. bioculata. Molasses of Saint Restitut (Drôme), Carry, near Martigues. — Michelin. perspieillata Agass. — X 89. — Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 74, Tab. 11, fig. 6–10. Cat. syst. p. 6. Tert. of Rennes, Bollène) (Vaucluse). — Michelin. bisperforata Desor. — Echinodiscus bisperforatus Park. Org. Rem. III, Tab. 2, fig. 6. Tert. environ Verona.

THIRD TYPE. Sub-genus Monophora Agass. – Only one elongated lunule in the posterior interambulacral area. A single fossil species in Tertiary deposits.

Darwinii Agass. – T 36. — Desor. Bull. Soc. géol. Fr. 1847. Tert. of Patagonia. — Darwin.

XLV. ENCOPE AGASS.

Form sub-circular, truncated posteriorly. Six lunules, of which five correspond to the ambulacra and one to the unpaired interambulacral area. Closed petals. Ambulacral grooves of the ventral surface very ramified. Mouth central, found. Jaws flat. Anus beneath, nearer the mouth than the posterior border. Five genital pores contiguous with the madreporite. All the species are of the present epoch.

Valenciennesii Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 54, Tab. 7 and 8. Martinique, Rio de Janeiro. — Mus. Paris, Britain. Stokes. subclausa Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 56, Tab. 5. Brazil, west coast, Gulf of Mexico. — Mus. Genève, Desmoulins, Deshayes. grandis Agass. — M. 32. — Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 57, Tab. 6. — Cat. syst. p. 6. Martinique. — Michelin.

Michelini Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 38 Tab. 6a, fig. 9 and 10. Yucatan. — Michelin.

Stokesii Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 59, Tab. 61, fig. 1–8. Gallapagos Guayaquil (Eydoux and Souleyet). — Mus. Paris, Stokes. emarginata Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 47, Tab. 10. — It appears that Encope subclausa, micropora and perspectiva are only varieties of this species. Philippines ?, Rio de Janeiro. tetrapora Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 49. Tab. 10a, fig. 1–33. Gallapagos, west coast of Africa (Rang). —Ch. Stokes, Desmoulins. micropora Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 50, Tab.10a, fig. 4–8, and Tab. 191, fig. 7. Antilles ? — Mus. Neuchâtel. perspectiva Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 31, Tab. .10b, fig. 1–3. Origin unknown. — Mus. Paris. cyclopora Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 52, Tab. 10b, fig. 6–9. Origin unknown. — Michelin, Deshayes. oblonga Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 33, Tab. 9. Rio de Janeiro, California? (is it the same?). — Mus. of Genève.

XLVI. ROTULA KLEIN

Form circular, strongly notched and digitated on its periphery. Ambulacral grooves of the ventral surface ramified, but little wavy. Large ambulacra, open. Anus on the ventral surface, nearer the mouth than the border. Four genital pores contiguous with the madreporite. The known species are of the present epoch.

Rumphii Klein. Disp. Echin. ed. Leske. p. 26, ƥ 91, Tab. 22, fig. E, F. — Species with short and wide digitations. Origin unknown. — Mus. Paris. digitata Agass. —Rotula Rumphii Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 25, Tab. – Differs from the preceding by its narrow and elongated digitations. It is the species that we have figured under the name of R. rumphii Seneal. — Mus. Paris, Michelin.

Augustii Klein ed. Leske, p. 26, ƥ 90, Tab. 22, fig. A, B, C, D. — Agass. Monogr. Scutelles, p, 28, Tab. 2, fig. 1–10, and Tab. 41, fig. 1–6. Mouth of the Gabar River (west coast of Africa). — Stokes.

XLVII. MELLITA KLEIN

Form sub-circular, very flat, truncated posteriorly. Ambulacra closed. Lunules elongated, to the number five or six, of which one corresponds to the unpaired interambulacral area. Ambulacral grooves of the ventral surface very wavy. Anus very near the mouth. Four genital pores. Differs from encopes by its lunules always closed and by the number of its genital pores that is only four. The known species are of the present epoch. quinquifora Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 36, Tab. 3. — Scutella quinquefora Lamk. 3rd ed. III, p. 280. South Carolina?, Ile of Cuba. — Mus. Paris, d’Orbignyi. testudinata Klein ed. Leske, p. 25, Tab. 21, fig. C, D; ejusd. Maxillæ, p. 36, Tab. 33, fig. r and s. — Klein Gall. ƥ 82, p. 92, Tab. 11, Fig. c. — Monogr des Scutelles, p. 40, Tab. 4a, fig. 7–9. Vera Cruz. — Mus. Paris. hexapora Agass. Monogr. des Scutilles, p. 41, Tab. 4, fig. 4–7 and Tab. 4a, fig. 11 and 12. Martinique, Mexico. — Gray, Michelin, Mayor. Var. similis: — Mellita similis Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 43, Tab. 4, fig. 1–3. Porto-Rico. — Agassiz, Michelin. lobata Agsss. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 44, Tab. 4a, fig. 13, and Tab. 16, fig. 4–7. Origin unknown. — Mus. Paris. nummularia Val. Very flat, small species, with round lunules. Origin unknown. — Mus. Paris.

XLVIII. RUNA AGASS.

Small urchins of elongated form, swollen. Ambulacra divergent. Ambulacral pores are not conjugate. Interambulacral areas deeply notched. Four genital pores. Ambulacral grooves of the ventral surface straight. The species are fossils of Tertiary deposits.

Comptoni Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 23, Tab. 2, fig. 11–19. Tert. environ Palermo. — Marquis of Northampton. decemfissa Agass, Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 33. — Scutella decemfissa Desml. Syn. p. 232. Terr. numm. of Terre-Negrè (near Bordeaux). — Jouannei.

XLIX. MOULINSIA AGASS.

Small, depressed urchins, of oval form with a scalloped edge. Test thin covered with very apparent tubercles. Ambulacra open with non-conjugated pores. Anus beneath. One living species. cassidulina Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 139, Tab. 22, fig. 1–6. — Scutella cassidulina Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 232. Coasts of Mortinique (Rang). — Desmoulins.

L. SCUTELLINA AGASS.

Small, very flat urchins, circular or elliptical. Petals convergent but not closed, with non- conjugated pores. Mouth round. Jaws low. Radiating walls in the interior of the test. Anus marginal or super-marginal. Four genital pores. The known species belong to Tertiary deposits. nummularia Agass. — X 79. — Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 99, Tab. 21, fig. 6–14; — Scutella nummularis de Bl. — Echinachnius nummularis Agass. Cat. syst. p. 6. Calc gr. of Grignon, Houdan, Blaye (Gironde), Ferme-de-Orne, Iles de Noirmouliers and de Boin, Fécamp, Maulette near Dreux. — Desmoulins. Var. elongata: Scutellina lenticularis Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 101, Tab. 21, fig. 20–23. Chalk, of Grignon, Blaye (Gironde), Antibes (Var). —Defrance. placentula Mer. Mus. de Basel. — Agass. Monogr. des Scutellels, p. 102, Tab. 21, fig. 1–7. — Cassidulus dubius Desfr. — Cassidulus fibulariodes Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 246. Tert. of Chaumont, Calc. environ Paris, Parnes, Montmarail, Nogent, Courtagnou, Chésy. Mus. Basel, Bronn, Duval, Defrance, Demoulins. elliptica Agass. — Scutella elliptica Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 236. — Scutella obovata Agass. 103, Tab. 21, fig. 24–28. Tert. of Grignon. — Desmoulins.

Hayesiana Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 103, Tab. 21, fig. 15–19 (under the name Scutella supera). Cassidulus Hayesianis Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 216. Calc. gr. of Grigon. — Desmoulins, Mus. Neuchâtel, Michelin. complanata Agass. —T 24. — Cassidulus complanatus Lamk. — Elongated species. Ventral surface sunken. Anus above. Calc. gr. of Grignon. — Mus. Paris.

LI. ECHINOCYANUS VAN PHELS.

Flat urchins of sub-circular form, elliptical or sub-pentagonal. Very long petals, open, with non-conjugated pores. Test thick. Mouth round. Jaws tall. Anus beneath. Interior partitions. Four genital pores. Differs from laganids by its partitions and anus near the mouth. The species are from the Tertiary formation and the present epoch. angulosis Leske. — Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 130, Tab. 27, fig. 14–18. — Spatangus pusillus Mull. Zool. Dan. p. 18, Pl. 91, fig. 5 and 6. — Echinocyamus pusillus Flem. Brit. anim. p. 481. Forbes. Brit. Starf. p. 175. — Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 128, Tab. 27, fig. 1–8. —Echinus minutus Lin. Gmel. p. 31–94. North Sea, Shetland Island. — Everywhere. taratinus Agass. — Fibularia tarentina Lamk. Mediterranean. australis Agass. — Fibularia australis Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 240. — Species near E. angulosus, but more elliptical. The anus is also larger and nearer the mouth. South seas (capit, Mallet). Desmoulins.

Fossil species. occitanus Agass. — P 43. P 45. Q 37. R 8. — Monogr des Scutelles, p. 130. Tab 28. Fig. 49–58. — Cat. syst. p. 6. — Scutella occitana Defr. Dict. — Scutella hispanica Defr. Dict. — Scutella ambigua Val. Encycl. method. Pl. 153, fig. 3–5. — Echinocyamus ambiguus Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 133, Tab, 27 fig. 44–47. Calc. gr. of Pouillac and of Saint-Estéphe (Médoc) Spain. — Mus. Paris, Desmoulins, Defrance, d’Orbigny, Mus. Basel. Var. minor: — X 67. — Echinocyamus altavillensis Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 132, Tab. 27, fig. 25–28. — Cat. syst. p, 6, — Scutella altavillensis Defr. — Echinoneus scutatus Műnst. in Goldf. Pelref. p. 136, Tab. 42. fig. 11. Tert. of Hauteville. Bordeaux, Orglande, Bline. — Defrance. Var. elongata. — X 64. P 61. — Echinocyamus obtusus Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 132, Tab. 27, fig 29– 32. — Cat. syst. p. 6. Tert. of Hauteville. — Michelin, Defrance. maximus Desor. — V 28. — Species of very large size that approaches a little clypeasters with swollen borders, such as C. scutiformis, but that differs by its open petals. Tert. — Broogniart. profundus Agass. — P. 225. — Lagana profunda Agass. Cat. syst. p. 6. — Large species near E. maximus, but the ventral surface is more concave. Border swollen Terr. numm? Switzerland. — Mus. Neuchâtel. planulatus d’Arch. Species very near E. occitanus, but very flat. Terr. numm. Biaritz. — d’Archiac. alpinis Agass. Monnogr. des Scutelles, p. 134, Tab. 27, fig. 41–43. — Fibularia alpine Agass. Echin. suiss. I, Tab. 12. Fig. 1–3. Numm. deposits? from Burgenberg near Slanz (canton of Underwald), from Bűrglen (canton of Uri). — Mus. Basel. Studer. pyriformis Agass, — S 37. S 38. — Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 131, Tab. 27, fig. 19–24. — Cat. syst. 6. — Fibularia ovata Desml. — Anus medio-marginal, a little nearer the edge. Calc.. gr. from the right bank of the Garonne and from the Dordogne, Cannel, Montmirail, Cotentin, Orglande, Bordeaux. — Desmollins, Mus. Paris (gal. geol.). siemlus Agass. — S. 36. — Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 133, Tab. 27. Fig. 33–36 — Cat. syst. p. 6. Tert. of Sicily. — Deshayes.

Annonii Mer. — Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 134, Tab. 27, fig. 37–40. Pisool. deposits of Verona. — Mus. Basel. inflatus Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 137. — Scutella inflata Defr. Dict. Sc. nat. 48, p. 230. — Fibularia Francii Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 244. — Small species, elongated, swollen having the anus infra-marginal. Calc. gr. of Grignon, Damery. — Defrance, Mus. Avignon, Graves. placenta Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 137. — Echinoneus placenta Goldf. Pelref. Tab. 42, fig. 12. Dan. (Maëstricht). — Mus. Bonn. suffolciencis Agass. Monogr. des Scutelles, p. 129, Tab. 27, fig. 9–13. Red Crag of Sutton (Suffolk). — Woodward son, Wood. ovatus Agass. Monogr. des Scutellids. p. 137. — Echinoneus ovatus Műnst. in Goldfus Pelref. Germ. p. 136, Tab. 42, fig. 10. Tert. sandy marl of Astrupp near Osnabrűck and of Wilhelmshohe near Cassel. Ile of Rhodes. — Mus. Bonn, Michelin. subcaudatus Agass. — Fibularia subcaudata Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 244. — Elongated species, with anus a third of the buccal-marginal space, i.e., nearer the border than in the other species. Posterior side acuminate. Numm. deposits? — Mus. Avignon. Var. affinis: — Fibularia affinis Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 244. Calc. gr. of Blaye. — Desmoulins.

Studeri Agass. — Fibularia Studeri Sism. App. foss. Piem. — Anaster Studeri Sism. Ech. foss. Piem. p. 46, Tab. 2, fig. 8 and 9. — The species is more elongated in front. Tert. of the hills of Turin. — Mus.Turin. costulatus Desor. — V 23. — Swollen species with ribbed ambulacra. Tert.? — Michelin.

LII. FIBULARIA LAMK.

Form sub-spherical or ovoid. Open ambulacral petals with non-conjugated pores. Anus on the ventral surface near the mouth No internal partitions. Tall jaws. Differs from other echinocyamids by the swollen form and the absence of exterior walls. The known species are of the present epoch. ovulum Lamk. Small species, the size of a pea, of ovoid form. Unknown origin. — Mus. Paris. trigona Lamk. Species swollen like the preceding, but sub-triangular. Unknown origin. — Mus. Paris, Duclos. subglobosa —Echinoneus subglobosus Goldf. Petref. p. 135, Tab. 42, fig. 9. Dan. of Maëstricht. — Mus. Bonn. volva Agass. Elongated species, pointed at both ends. Red Sea, — Mus. Paris. Michelin.

LIII. LENITA DESOR.

(Pl. 15 [tome VI] fig. 21.)

Form elongated, depressed. Petals open, with non-conjugated pores. Ventral surface smooth in part. Mouth round. Anus supra-marginal. Four genital pores. The known species are fossils of Tertiary deposits. patellaris Agassi. — Cassidulus complanatus Lamk. — Casidullus unguis Defr. — Nucleolites patellaris Golif. Pelref. p. 130, Tab. 43, fig. 3. — Echinites patellaris Leske. — Anus dorsal. Form elongated, widened behind. Calc.. gr. of Grignon, Parnes (non Maëstricht). — Mus. Paris, Defrance.

Faba Agass. — Cassidulus Faba Defr. Dict. sc. n. — Form elongated, not widened behind. Anus very small and very near the edge. Tert. of Grignon, Parnes, Noirmoutier. — Graves, Defrance.

FAMILY OF CASSIDULIDAE

Urchins of elongated or sub-circular form, covered with very small spines articulated on tubercles ordinarily sporadic, sometimes in series. Mouth central or slightly eccentric in front. No masticatory apparatus. The test is simply folded at the ventral edge of the mouth to form a ring that recalls a little the auricles. Anus posterior or ventral. Ambulacra petaloid, sometimes single. Five ocular plates, intercalated between the genital plates.

GROUP OF ECHINONEIDAE

Simple ambulacra. No bourrelets around the mouth that is sometimes pentagonal, sometimes decagonal.

LIV. ECHINONEUS VAN PHELS.

Form elongated, sub-cylindrical. Mouth oblique, indistinctly pentagonal. Anus very large, elongated, located between the mouth and posterior border enclosing numerous small plates. Numerous tubercles arranged in more or less regular series, mamelonnated, but not crenelated nor perforated. Glassy tubercles between the principal tubercles. Four genital pores very near each other. All the known species are of the present epoch. cyclostomus Leske — V 20. — Ap. Klein, p. 173, Tab. 37, fig. 3 and 4. Desor. Monogr. des Galérites, p. 43, Tab. 6, fig. 13–15. — Echinoneus elegans. Des. Monogr. des Galérites, p. 47, Tab. 6, fig. 7–9. — Echinoneus conformis Des. Monogr. des Galérites, p. 48, Tab. 6, fig. 17–21. Lord Hood Islands, Philippines. Calc. tuft of Guadeloupe and Cuba, Porto-Rico (Auguste Major). — Mus Neuchâtel, d’Orbigny, Michelin, Deshayes. Var. gibbosa: Echinoneus gibbosus Lamk. III, p. 303. — Desor. Monogr. des Galerites, p. 46, Tab. 6, fig. 4–6. Antilles. — Mus. Paris. minor Leske ap. Klein, p. 174, Tab. 49, fig. 8 and 9. — Desor, Monogr. des Galérites, p. 43, Tab. 6, fig. 6. Trinity (Latrobe), Cuba. — Mus. Neuchâtel and Paris. Var. cruciata: Echinoneus cruciatus Agass. — Desor. Monogr. des Galérites, p. 46, Tab. 6, fig. 1–3. serialis Desor, Monogr. des Galérites, p. 48, Tab. 6 fig. 10–12. Origin unknown. — Michelin, Desmoulins. crassus Agass. Form elongated. Test thick. Anus large. Zanzibar (Rousseau). — Mus. Paris. ventricosus Agass. Large species, elongated, swollen, with a short anus. New Zealand ?. — Mus. Paris. orbicularis Desor. Very large species, nearly circular. Cuba (in state of petrification). — D’Orbigny.

LV. PYGASTER AGASS.

Form circular, depressed, sometimes sub-conical. Mouth decagonal. Anus very large, located on the dorsal surface and occupying nearly all the space between the posterior border and the genital system. Tubercles perforated and crenelated, arranged in very regular series. Found in Jurassic and Cretaceous formations.

Umbrella Agass. — R 100. R 67. — (Galerites Umbrella Lamk., non Pygaster Umbrella Agass. Echin. suiss. — Swollen species, with obtuse border, pentagonal, narrowed behind. Kellov. of Marolles. Coral. of Chatelcensoir (Yonne). —Michelin, Mus. Paris. dilatatus Agass. — Q 14. — Pygaster Umbrella Agass. Echin. suiss. I, p. 83, Tab. 13, fig. 4–6. — Cat. syst. p. 7. — Desor. Monogr. des Galérites, p. 77, Tab. 12, fig. 4–6. — Distinguished from P. Umbrella by its sharper border and its more widened form. Kimmer. of the Soleurian Jura, quarry of Greifel (valley of the Birse). — Gressly. patelliformis Agass. — Q 20. — Echin. suiss. I, p. 82, Tab. 13. Cat. syst. p. 7. — Desor, Monogr. des Galérites, p. 78, Tab. 11, fig. 11–13. Kimm. of Lauffon, from the valley of the Bire (Berne). — Mus. Neuchâtel. Gressly. laganoïdes Agass. — 74. — Echin. suiss. I, p. 81. Tab. 12, fig. 13–16. — Cat. syst. p. 7. — Desor. Monogr. des Galérites, p. 79, Tab 11, fig. 3–7. Calc, with polyps of Ranville (Normandy), Switzerland, Rædersdorf. — Deslongchamps, Gressly.

Gresslyi Desor. Monogr. des Galérites, p. 80. Séquan of Switzerland. — Gressly. tenuis Agass. — 83. — Echin. suiss. I, p. 83. — Desor, Monogr. des Galérites, p. 80, Tab. 12, fig. 1–3. Coral of Fringeli (canton of Soleure). — Gressly. costellaus Agass. — 83b. Q 60. — Cat. syst. p. 7. — Desor Monogr. des Galérites, p. 81, Tab. 11, fig. 1–4. — Nucleolites orbicularis Grat. Echin foss. de Dax, Pl. 2, fig. 21. — Small species remarkable for its ambulacral ridges. Gault of the Ile d’Aix (mouth of the Charene), of Foura. Cr. of Dai. — D’Orbigny, Deshayes, A. Brongnairt, d’Archiac, Desmouslin. truncatus Agass. — P 49. — Cat. syst. p. 7. — Desor, Monogr. des Galérites, Tab. 82, Tab. 11, fig. 8–10. — Small species remarkable for its truncated form and narrowing posteriorly. Gault of the Ile d’Aix and of Fouras. — D’Orbigny. pilleus Agass. — T 74. — Three large specimens, tall, hemispherical, with sub-pentagonal periphery Anus proportionally small. Coral. bl. of Davy, of Cassé (Yonne). — Mus. Paris (gal. geol.).

LVI. HOLECTYPUS DESOR.

Form circular, conical or sub-conical. Mouth pentagonal. Anus very large, marginal or infra- marginal, occupying sometimes all the space between the mouth and the border. Tubercles perforated, crenelated and arranged in regular series. Four genital pores form, with the ocular plates, a ring around the madrepore that occupies the top of the test. Found in Jurassic formations and in Lower Cretaceous deposits. depressus Desor. — P 38. P 47. R 49. — Discoidea depressa Agass. Cat. syst. p. 7. — Echin. suiss. I, p. 88, Tab. 13bis, fig. 7–13. — Desor, Monnogr. des Galér. p. 65. Tab. 10, fig. 4–7 and 12. — Galerites depressus Goldf. Pelref. P. 129, Tab. 11, fig. 3. — Echinus nivernensis Defr. Dict. Sc. nat. Coral of Laesberg, environ Bamberg, Mattenz, Metz, Oxford, Vivoin, and Châtillon sur-Seine, Latrery, (Haute-Marne). — Gressly, Mus. Basel and Paris (gal. geol.), Michelin, Marcou, Deshayes. antiquus Desor. — X 59. Q 69. — Galerites antiquus Desor. (pro parle). — Discoidea depressa Agass. Echin. suiss. I, Tab. 6, fig. 7–9. — Desor. Monogr. des Galér. Tab. 10, Fig. 8–11. — Differ from H. depressus by its larger and less numerous tubercles, especially on the ventral surface. The pores are simple oblique pairs. Marn. vésul, of Mont Terrible (Bernois Jura), Plasne near Puligny (Jura), Romange near Dole. — Gressly, Goldfuss, Thurmann, Marcou.

Meriani Desor. — Discoidea Meriani Desor, Monogr. des Galér. p. 67, Ta. 10, fig. 1–3 Origin unknown. — Mus. Basel. planus Desor. — P 52. P 60. Discoidea plana Agasss. Cat. syst. p. 7. — Desor. Monogr. des Galér. p. 64. Tab. 9, fig. 1–3. Oxford., of Vaches-Noires (Normandy). — Michelin. arenatus Desor. — Discoidea arenala Desor. Monogr. des Galér p. 68, Tab. 9 fig. 11–13. Oxford, from the canton of Soleure. — Gressly.

Mandelslohi Desor. — Discoidea Mandelslohi Desor. Monogr. des Galér. p. 68, Tb. 9, fig 14–16. Coral. of Urachs (Able wurtambergois) Liesburg (canton of Soleure). — Mandelslohem, Gressly. punctulatus Desor. — Discoidea punctulata Desor. Monogr. des. Galér. p. 60, Tab. 9, fig. 17–19. Coral. of Largue (canton of Berne), Dettigen (Wurtemb), Mount Brégille near Besançon, Oxford. of Hannonville (Meuse). — Gressly, Mandelslohe, Pandier, Deshayes. turonensis Desor. — V 13, — Galerites turonensis Defr. — Species with a vey swollen border and with few tubercles. Chalk ? of Tauraine. — Defrance. concavus Desor. — Q 70. — Discoidea concava Agass. Cat. syst. p. 7. — Desor, Monogr. des Galér. p. 70, Tab. 9, fig. 4–6. Ool. ferrug. of Bayeux (Normandy). Bath. — Deslongchamps. inflatus Desor. — Q 76. — Discoidea inflata Agass. Echin. suiss. I, p. 87, Tab. 9, fig. 7–10. Portl. of Neuchâtlaois Jura and valley of the Birse, Schaffouse, Sancerre (Cher). — Gressly. Mus. Basel, Mayor of Genève. hemisphæricus Desor. — 73. — Discoidea hemisphærica Agass. Cat. syst. p. 7. — Desor. Galèr. P. 71, Tab. 8, fig. 4–7. — Galerites hemisphærica Lamk. Calc., with polyps (Normandy). — Deslongchamps, Deshayes. speciosus Desor. — Discoidea speciosa Agass. Echin. suiss. I, p. 93, Tab. 8, fig. 16. — Desor. Mongr. Des Galér. p. 72, Tab. 10, fig. 13–15. — Galerites speciosis Műnst. in Goldf. Pelref. P. 130.Tab/ 41. Fig. 5. Kimmer. of the valley of the Birse, near Lauform (Greifel), Heidenheim (Wurtem.). – Gressly, Műnster. macropygus Desor. — Q 74. — Discoidea macropyga Agass. Foss. crét. in Mém. Soc. neuch. I, p. 137, Tab. 14, fig. 7–9. — Echin. suis. I, p. 85, Tab. 6, fig 1–3. — E. Sisni. Mém. Ech. foss. Nizza p. 53. Marn. néoc. Dampierre (Nièvre) Sobligny, at Salève (Genève), Le Theil (Ardèche), Fautenil near Grenoble, Bettancourt, Nuzeroy (Jura), County of Nice, clay of Hus de Wolfenbűttel. — Favre, Alb. Gras. Marcou, Ruemer. serialis Desor. — (Exp. Alg.) Species near H. macropygus. Cr. with Hippurities, from Biskara and Alcantra (Algeria). — Deshayes, Beaummont, Requiem

LVII. DISCOIDEA GRAY.

Form circular, sub-conical. Mouth circular, slightly notched at the corners of the ambulacra. Anus elongated, located on the ventral surface between the mouth and the posterior border. Partitions in the interior of the test that determine the notches on the periphery of the mold. Crenelated and perforated tubercles arranged in regular series. All known species belong to the Cretaceous formation. subuculus Leske. — P 42. — Bronn, Leth. p. 615, Tab. 29, fig. 19. — Desor, Monogr. des Galèr. p. 54, Tab. 7, fig. 3–7. — Agass. Cat. syst. p. 7. — Galerites rotularis Lamk. — Echinus subuculus Linn. Gm. P. 3183. Cr. marn. of France, England, Germany. — Everywhere. minima Agassiz. — X81. — Cat. syst. p. 7. — Desor, Monogr. des Galér. p. 56. Tab. 7, fig. 11. Cr. marn. of France ?, depart. of Orne. — Michelin. pisum Mer. — Desor. Monogr. des Galér., p. 37. Glauconie?, — Mus. Basel. turrita Desor. Monogr. des. Galér. p. 57, Tab. 13, fig. 1–3. Gault of the mouths of the Rhone. —Gressly. cylindrica Agass. — X 85. M 41. Q 16. S 88. —Echin. suiss. I p. 92, Tab. 6, fig. 13–15. — Cat. syst. p. 7. — Desor, Monogr. des Galér. p. 58, Tab. 8, fig. 816. — Galerites Hawkensii Mantell. — Galacrites cylindrica Lamk. — Galerites canaliculatus Goldf. Pelref. p. 128, Tab. 41, fig. 1. Cr. chlor. of France, Ile of Whigt, Mount Fis, Maidstone, Villars-de (Isère) Meglisalp (Saint-Gall), Plaener de Rethen, near Hildesheim, Craie marn. environ Paderhorn (Goldf.), the Koufines (environ Grenoble). — Marquis of Northampton, Mus. Neuchâtel, Michelin, Rehsteiner, Roemer, Mus. Bonn, Alb. Gra.

Rotula Agass. — 63. Q 34. —Echin. suiss. p. 90, Tab. 6, fig. 10–12. – Cat. syst. p. 7. — Desor, Monogr. des Galér, p. 61, Tab. 7, fig. 15 and 16. — E. Sism. Mém. Ech. foss. Nizza, p. 54. Calc. crét. alpin of Meglisalp (Appenzell), Saint Paul-Trois-Châteaux, Villiers, Rouen, Reposoir, Escranolles, Grasse, Simbola near Nice (green gray). — Rehsteiner, Desmarest, Sismonda.

Favrina Desor. — S 89. — Monogr. des Galér., p. 62, Tab. 7, fig. 12–14. Alpine chalk. Repusoir, Rouen, Grasse, Escragnolles, Sacconel, Gault of the Perte-du-Rhône, Simbona near Nice. — Brongniart, Favre-Bertrand, Gressly. conica Desor, Monogr. des Galér. p. 62, Tab. 7, fig. 17–22. Gault, Montagne of Fis, Escragnolles, Simbola near Nice, Castellane, Lour, enivorn of Grenoble. — Mus. Turin. Alb. Gras. decorata Desor. — R 19. R 20. — Monogr. des Galér. p. 63, Tab. 8, fig. 1–3. Gault of Bas Dauphiné, Clansayes, Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux, Le Theil (Ardèche), La Palarea near Nice. Cr. chlor. of Escragnolles (Var). — Mus. Turin and Basel, (gal. geol.). Mus. Paris and Neuchâtel, Michelin, Alb. Gras. maxima Dub. — S 23. — Voy. au Cacause (sèrie gèol), Tab. 1, fig. 17–18. — Agass. Cat. syst. p. 7. Cr. of the Crimea. — Dubois. infera Desor. Very near D. subulatus, from which it differs only in that the large tubercles are apparent on the ventral surface. A very fine granulation covers the dorsal surface. Cr. bl. of Fècamp (Seine-Inf.). — D’Orbigny. pulvinata Desor. — T 11. — Species remarkable for its obtuse and swollen border that distinguishes it from its congeners that have a more or less sharp border. Anus infra-marginal. Crét. deposits of Egypt. — Mus. Paris.

Faba Desor. — T 96. — small species with swollen borders. Anus supramarginal, truncated obliquely. Cr. of Ciples. — Deshayes. excisa Desor. — Form high, sub-conical, with swollen borders. Anus very large, going up nearly to the middle of the interambulacral area. Gault of Tours. — D’Orbigny, lævissima Desor. — U 51. — Very near D. excisa by its form, but with tubercles very little protruding. Cr. bl. of Royan. — Desmoulins, Mus. Paris. (gal. geol.).

GALERITES LAMK.

Form swollen, sub-pentagonal, narrow posteriorly. Ventral surface flat. Mouth pentagonal. Anus marginal or inframarginal. The principal tubercles are much rarer and less dense than in the preceding genera. They are distinctly mamillated and perforated. However, they are not arranged in series as in the discoideids. All the known species appear in the Cretaceous formation. albo-galerus Lamk. — S 69. — Anim. s. vert. III, p. 306. — Desor. Monogr. des Galér. p. 11, Tab. 13, fig. 4–11, and Tab. 13, fig. 7. Cr. bl. of England, Picardy, Ruggen Island, Quedlinberg and Aix-la Chapelle. — Deluc, Graves, Isagenoir, Mus. Bonn. pyramidulus Desml. — X 87, — Tabl. syn. p. 248. — Lamk. III, p. 312. — Agass. Cat. syst. p. 6. — Desor, Monogr. des Galér. p. 13, Tab. 1, fig. 1–3. Chalk of France. — Michelin. vulgaris Lamk. — 68, P 41. — Anim. s. vert. III, p. 307. — Desor, Monogr. des Galér., p. 14, Tab. 2, fig. 1–10 and Tab. 13, fig. 4–6. — Agass. Cat. syst. p. 6. Cr. bl. of Rouen, Wight (Ibets), Dieppe. — Mus. Berne and Neuchâtel, Brongniart. conica Agass. — S 66. — Desor. Monogr. des Galér. p. 10, Tab. 1, fig. 12–19. — Conulus albo-galerus Mant. Geol. Sussex, Tab. 17, fig. 8 and 20. Cr. bl. of England, Wight. — Deluc, Mus. Neuchâtel. subrotunda Agass. — Q 78. — Cat. syst. p. 7. — Desor, Monogr. des Galér.p. 18, Tab. 2, fig. 11–14. Cr. bl. of Wight, Rouen, Tournay. — Mus. Neuchâtel globoulus Desor. — S 76. — Monogr. des Galér. p. 18, Tab. 4, fig. 1–4. Cr. bl. of England. — Deluc, d’Orbigny. abbreviata Lamk. — Lamk. — S 63. S 70. — Anim. s. vert. III, p. 307. — Desor, Monogr. des Galér. p. 20, Tab. 3, fig. 9–17. Cr. bl. in the state of a remodeled fossil in the detritic sands of Slada (Allem. sept.).

Orbignyana Agass. — P 33. — Cat. syst. p. 7. Desor, Monogr. des Galér. p. 22, Tab. 3, fig. 58. Chalk of Touraine.. — D’Orbigny. angulosa Desor. Monogr. des Galér. p. 22, Tab. 4, fig. 5–7. Chalk of England. — Marquis of Northampton. lævis Agass. — 79. — Cat. syst. p. 7- —Desor, Monogr.. des Galér. p. 24, Tab. 4, fig. 8–11. Cr. bl. of France. — Deshayes. mixtus Defr. — R 89. — Leske. Tab. XIII, fig. G. H. — Species circular, conical, tall, intermediate between G. vulgaris and G. abbreviata. Chalk of Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux. — Mus. Paris and Avignon.

Leskei Desor. — T 87. — Leske. Tab. VIII, fig. C, D. — Species tall, aub-globulose, a little elongated. Anus supra- marginal, (mold) without being visible from above. Very near G. globulus but less tall and longer. Cr/ b;.? — Mus. Paris. subspheroidalis d’Archiac. — T 88. — Mém. Soc. géol. Fr. Tom. II, 23 sér., Tab. 13, fig. 2. — Very tall, near G. subrotundus from which it differs however by its base that is not pentagonal. Cr. chlor. of Tourtia (Belgium). Société géologique de France. oblongus Desor. — R 84. — Species little elevated, elongated, pyriform. Anus marginal (test). — Galerites abbreviates Goldf. (non Lamk.) Pelref. P. 128, Tab. 40, fig. 20 and 21. Chalk of Picarady. — Michelin, Deshayes.

Castanea Agass. – 62b. 64. 67. Q 42. — Cat. syst. p. 7. — Echin. suiss. I, p. 77, Tab. 12, fig 7–9. — Desor. Monogr. des Galér. p. 23, Tab. 4, fig. 23–16. — E. Sism. Mém. Echin. foss. Nizza, p. 31, Tab. 2. Fig. 8–10. — Nucleolites Castanea Desml. — Catopygus Castanea Agass. Prodr. Cr. chlor. Escragnolles, Simbola near Nice, Reposoir, Montagne-des-Fis and Sacconnet, Rouen, Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux, Monte-Calvo in the county of Nice (Sismonda), Lour near Grenoble. — Brongniart, Studer, Desmoulins, Mus. Turin, Alb. Gras.

LIX. PYRINA DESOR2

Form elongated and swollen. Anus supra-marginal. Ventral surface flat or cushion-like. Mouth pentagonal, oblique, without bourrelets. Tubercles numerous, uniformly distributed on all the surface of the test. The species known until this day belong to the Cretaceous formation. ovulum Agass. — 72. M 95. — Cat. system. p. 7. — Desor, Monogr.des Galér. p. 26, Tab. 5, fig. 33–37. Nuclelites ovuim Lamk. Desml. Terr. crét. of France, Saint-Cristophe, Tours. Deshayes. ovata Agass. — P 4. — Cat. syst. p. 7. — Desor. Monoogr. Des Galér, p. 27, Tab. 3, fig. 32–34. Pyrina Echinodea Desml. Taabl. Syn. p. 258. Cr. inf. of Saintes, Tours, Perigueux. — D’Orbigny, Desmoulins. depressa Desml. — 66. — Tabl. syn. p. 258. — Desor, Monogr. des Galér. p. 20. — Nuocleolites depressa Brong. Géol. Paris, p. 400, Pl. IX, fix. 17 (non Goldf.). Gault of the mountains of Fis and Reposoir. — Mayor.

2 M. Desnioulins includes in his genus Pyrina elongated species and circular species. I have separated the circular species that I have made my genus Globutor, preserving the name Pyrine for the elongated species. pygæa Desor. — Q 31. Q 71. K 10. R 53. — Monogr. des Galér. p. 29, Tab. 5, fig. 27–31. Galerites pygæa Agass. Echin. suiss. I, p. 78, Tab. 12, fig. 3–6. — Cat. syst. p. 7. — Nucleolites trunculatis Rœm. Néoc. environ Neuchâtel, Salève, Censeau (Jura), Saint-Diziaere, clay of Hils (Hannover). — Mus. Neuchâtel, Marcou, d’Oribigny, Rœmer.

Goldfussii Agass. — Nucleolites depressus Műnstr. In Goldf. p. 137. Tab. 43, fig. 1. Chalk of Aix-la-Chapelle. — Mus. Bonn.

Desmouolinsii d’Arch. — T. 86. — Mém. Soc. géol Fr. Tom. II, 2e sér. Tab. 13, fig. 4. — Differs from P. ovata and ovulum by its very elongated form and its exactly posterior anus. Chalk of Tourtia (Belgium). — Société géologique de France.

Freuehenii Desor. Species swollen and shorter than the others. Anus large. Dan. of Faroe. — Mus. Coponhagen, Freuchen.

LX. GLOBATOR AGASSl

This genus has all the characters of the pyrinas, from which it differs only by its form that is globule or subconical, instead of being elongated. The anus is located on the dorsal surface. The form of the mouth and the disposition of the tubercles are the same as in the pyrenas. The two species known up until now belong to the Cretaceous formation. nucleus Agass. — M 48. — Cat. syst. p. 7. — Desor. Monogr. des Galér. p. 30, Tab. 3, fig. 14. Chalk of Ciply (Belgium). — Deshayes. petrocoriensis Agass. — K 42. — Pyrina petrocoriensis Desml. Tab. Syn. p. 258. — Species circular, sub-conical, with a very large anus. Chalk of Perigord, Souleye. — Desmoulins.

LXI. CARATOMUS AGASS.

Form circular, generally rostrate of sub-rostrate posteriorly. Mouth angular, more or less oblique. Anus infra-marginal, instead of being located in the middle of the posterior surface as in the genus Globator. All the known species belong to the Cretaceous formation.

Avellana Agass. — P 59. P 62. Q 73. Q 86. — Cat. syst. p. 7. — Desor, Monogr. des. Galér. p. 36, Tab. 5, fig. 11– 13. — Catopygus Avellana Dub. Voy. au Caucase. Tab. I, fig. 19–21. Chalk of Crimea of Ciply (Belgium), Cotentin. — Dubois de Montpéreux Deshayes, Bronn.

Faba Agass. — Q 73. P55. Cat. syst. p. 7. — Desor, Monogr. des Galér. p. 37, Tab. 3, fig. 8–10. Chalk with baculites of Bonneville (Channel), Cotentin, Gault, Ile-d’Aix (Charante). –Michelin, d’Orbigny hemisphæriens Desor. — R 54. R 55. — Monogr. des Galér. p. 37, Tab. 3, Fig. 14–19. — Galerites hemisphærica Lamk. Faujas de Saint-Fond, Tab. 30, fig. 4. Cr. of Maéstricht. — Marquis of Northampton, Mus. Copenhagen. sulcato-radiatus Desor. — Galerites sulcato-radiatus Goldf. Pelref. P. 130, Tab. 41, fig. 4. Dan (from Maëstricht). orbicularis Agass. — Q 75. P 36. Cat. syst. p. .7. — Desor, Monogr. des Galér. p. 38, Tab. 5, fig. 5–7. Cr. chlor. of Villers sur-Mer and Fréville (Normandy). — Studer, Michelin. rostratus Agass. — 81. Cat. syst. p. 7. — Desor. Monogr. des Galér. p. 38, Tab. 5, fig. 1–4. Glauronnie du Havre. – Deshayes. latirostris Desor. Small species of the size of C. rostratus, but the posterior side, instead of being rostrate, is large and obtuse and covers the anus. Cr. chlor. of Fouras. — D’Archiac. trigonopygus Agass. Distinguished by its triangular anus, slightly rostrate and infero-posterior. Cr. chlor. of Mans (Sarthe), Fourait. Michelin, Mus. Paris. (gal. geol.).

Rœmeri Dessor, Species near C. hemisphæricus, but a little taller and sub-conical. We would take it for a galerite if its anus were not infra-marginal. Chalk of Ilten, near Hannover.— Roemer, Michelin. peltiformis Agass. Echinites peltiformis Wahlenb. Act. Soc. Ups. VIII, Tab. 3, fig. 4 and 5. — Clypeaster peltiformis Hising. Leth. suec. Tab. 20, fig. 2. — Caratomus Gehrdensis Rœmer. — species near C. Avellana, but more convex and a flatter ventral surface. Chalk bl. of Seani, Cr. of Gehrden. — Mus. Stockholm and Sund. Michelin, Roemer.

LXII. NUCLEOPYGUS AGASS.

This genus has the from of the true nucleolites, from which it differs by its simple ambulacra. Anterior side round, posterior side truncated. Anus lodge in a deep group on the dorsal surface. Tubercles small and dense as in the pyrines and caratomids. The species belongs to the Cretaeous formation. minor Agass. — S 21. — Cat. syst. p. 7. — Desor, Monogr. des Galér, p. 33, Tab. 5, fig. 20–22. Terr.. crét. of France, Royan. — Deshayes. incises Agass. — M 90. — Cat. syst. p. 7. — Desor, Monogr. des Galér. p. 33, Tabl. 5, fig. 23–26. Néoc.? — Mus. Neuchâtel.. coravium Agass. — T 28. — Nucleolites cor-avium Defr. — Species elongated. Anus open at mid-disttance betten the top and the posterior border. No anal groove. Pores very difficult to see. Chalk of Touraine and Orglande. — Michelin, Defrance.

LXIII. HYBOCLYPUS AGASS.

Form enlarged and depressed, narrowed in front. Anus located in a groove on the upper surface. Tubercles numerous, dense, perforated and crenelated. The ambulacra are separated. The posterior ones do not meet the anteriors without, however, being as separated as in Dysaster. The species known up to this day belong to the Jurassic formation. gibberulus Agass. — 75. 76. — Echin. suiss. I, p. 75, Tab. 12, fig. 10–12. — Cat. syst. p. 6. — Desor. Monogr. des Galér. p. 84, Tab. 13, fig. 12–14. Marn. vesul. of soleurois and argovien Jura. — Mus. Neuchâtel, Carlsruhe and Basel. Strohmeyer, Mus. Paris. canaliculatus Desor. Monnogr. des Galér. p. 85, Tab. 4 (from the monogr. of Dysaster), fig. 8 and 9. — Nucleolites canaliculatus Goldf. Pelref. P. 140, Tab. 49, fig. 8. Ool. inf. of Staffelberg, near Bamberg. — County of Műnster.

Marcou Desor. — T 77. — Species near H. canaliculus. But the two ambulacral summits are less separated. No anterior groove. Ool. ferru. of Roche-Pourie (Salins). — Marcou. d’Orbigny. elatus Desor. — V 7, — Large species nearly circular. Ambulacral summits little separated. Ool. inf. ? environ Nancy. — Deshayes.

stellatus Desor. — T 76. – Differs from H. canaliculatus and Marcou in that the posterior ambulacra are rectilinear instead of being arced outside. The form is the same. Spaced star. Coral of Willshire. — D’Archiac.

Group of NUCLÉOLIDES

Petaloid ambulacra.

LXIV. NUCLEOLITES LAMK.

Form sub-square angular, widened posteriorly, Test thin. Anus above either flush with the test of lodge in a more or less deep groove. Pentagonal mouth not star-shaped without bourrelets. This latter character distinguished the Nucleolites from Catopygus and cassidulids

FIRST TYPE, — Sub-square form with anal groove. recens. — Edw. Cuv. Règn. anim. Tab. 14, fig. 3. Australia. — Mus. Paris (Quoy and Gaimard).

Fossil species. sentatus (Lamk. non Goldf. —X 96. p. 3. p. 8. P. 11. — Anim. s. vert. III. p. 30. — Agass. Cat. syst. p. 4. — Echin. suiss. I, p. 45, Tab. 7, fig. 19–21. Coral of Trouville (Normandy), Vaches-Noires. Shotover, Launois (Ardennes) environ Oxford., Chamsol (Doubs). — Mus. Neuschâtel. Mus. Paris (gal. geol.), Basel and Strasbourg. clunicularis Phillips. — M 83. P 7. Q 61. — Geol. of Yorks. — Nucleolites Goldfusii Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 362. — Agass. Cat. syst. p. 4. — Nucleolites Sowerbyi Defr. Dict. sci. n. Oxford. of Alençons, Courgains (Sarthe), calc, with polyps of Blainville, Coulie. — Deshayes, Michelin. Var.. minor. Forest marble of Chalcensoir. — Deframce. Cotteau, Hébert. latiporus Agas. — S 46. — Cat. syst. p. 4. — Echin suiss. I, p. 43, Tab. 7, fig. 13–15. Perhaps a variety of N. clunicularis Cornbrash of Melligin (cant. of Soleure), Mairhe (Doubs). — Gressly, Marcou.

Terquimi Agass. — T 83. — Near N. cunicularis, but thinner and rostrum at the posterior border. The ambulacra are wide. Ool. inf. or middle, environ Metz. — D’Orbignyi. gracillis Agass. — S 5 — Echin. suiss. I, p. 44, Tab. 7. Fig. 10–12. — Cat. syst. p. 4. Ool. ferru. of Durrenast (Jura Soleurois). — Gressly. elongatus Agass. — 61. P 18. P 54. P 58. — Cat. syst. p. 4— Species very elongated, narrow in anteriorly, greatly widened posteriorly. Var. sinuata Mer. — R 6. Calc. with polyps of Normandy. Kellov. of Mames, Sancere (Cher), Vandœvre (Aube), cant. of Basel. — Mus. Basel. planulatus Rœm. Nordd. Ool. geb. p. 28, Tab. 1, fig. 19. — Species very flat, a little narrowed anteriorly. Coral of Spitzhut. — Roemer. major Agass. — S 45. — Cat. syst. p. .4. — Echin. suiss. I. p. 46, Tab. 7, fig. 22–24. Kimmer. Valley of the Birse. — Gressly. crepidula Desor. — T 23. — Species elongated, very flat, with flared groove, occupying more than half of the length. Forest marble of Châtelcensoir (Yonne). — Mus. Paris. Ecole-Normale de Paris, Cotteau. parallelus Agass. — T 81 — Species elongated with straight sides and nearly parallel. Posterior side declining. Anus elongated. Pores scarcely united. Chalk of Saint-Christophe (Indre et Loire). — D’Orbignyi subquadratus Agass. S 2. S 4. — Cat. syst. p. 4. Echin. suiss. I, p. 41, Tab. 7. Fig. 1–3. Néoc. from the depart. of Doubs, near Chaux-de-Fonds, Sainte-Croix (Jura Vaudois), Nozeroy (Jura). — Rénaux-Conte. Montmollin, Marcou. amplus Agass. — R 2. — Large species as wide as long, sub-circular, depressed. Ool. ferrug. of Schaffouse. — Mis. Basel.

Requieni Desor. — T 79. — Species very near N. micraulus by its marginal anus, but narrower. Ambulacra very long. Chalk of Martigues. — Mus. of Avignon. churmanni Desor. Small species very near N. latiporus, but narrower and with narrower ambulacra. Cornbrash of Verrel (Doubs). — Marcou. minimus Agass. — X 80. — Cat. syst. p. .4. — Very small species, strongly truncate posteriorly, nearly as wide as long, sensibly swollen. Terr. Cret. ? of France. — Deshayes. micraulus Agass. — S 3, — Cat. syst. p. 4. — Echin. suiss. I, p.. 43, Tab. 7, fig. 10–18. — Nucleolites scutatus var. b. Lamarck. — Nucleolites scutatus Goldl. Petref. p. 140. Tab. 43, fig. 6. Oxford from the department of Haut-Rhin. Launay (Ardennes), Largue (Jura Soleurois). — Mus. Paris (gal. geol.), Gressly, d’Orbigny, Deshayes. dimidiatus Phillips. — Q 29. – Geol. Yorks. — Nucleolites paraplesius Agass. Cat. syst. p. 4. Coral. of Malton. — Mus. Neuchâtel. coronatus Goldf. Petref, p. 142, Tab. 43, fig. 9, Cr. marn, of Essen on the Rœher. — Mus. Bonn. costulatus Desh. Exp. Algér. — Remarkable for its swollen ambulacral petals. Cr. of Righa, southern part of the province of Constantine. —Deshayes.

SECOND TYPE. — Form elongated with anal groove.

Lamarckii Delr. — M 99. — Dict. Sc. n. — Nucleolites dilatatus Agass. Cat. syst. p. 4. — Species elongated, strongly widened posteriorly. Tert. of Valognes. —Deshayes. cerecleti Desor. Form and structure of N. Lamarckii, narrow anteriorly, widened posteriorly. Gault of Grandpré (Ardennes). Raulin.

Collegnyi Desor. — T 100. — Species flat, elongated, sunken, with nearly equal width anteriorly and posteriorly. Cr. of Couze (Dordogne). — Desmoulins.

Incunosus Goldf. (non Agass.). T 80. — Petref. p. 141, Tab. 43, fig. 8. Cr. marn. of Essen on the Roehr. Cr. of Martigues and Antibes, Coulaines — Mus. Bonn and Avignon, Rouault.

Olfersii Agass. — Q 48. R 9. — Foss. Cret. in Mém. Soc. Neuch. I, p. 133, Tab. 14, Fig. 2 and 3. — Echin. suiss. I, p. 42, Tab.7, fig. 7–9. — Desmml. Tabl. syn. p. 362. Marn. néoc. of the canton of Neuchâtel, Dampierre (Vièvre), Chamenay (Haute-Marne), Marelles (Aube), Subligny, Nozeroy (Jura), clay of Hils of Wolfenbűtel. — Mus. Neuchâtel, Marcou, Roemer. scrubiculatus Goldf. Petref. p. 138, Tab. 13, fig. 3. — Small species near N. lacunosus, but higher. Dan. of Maëstricht. — Mus. Bonn. analis Agass. — T 78. — Near in some ways to N. Olfersii, but narrower. The anus is proportionally very large. Cr. of Ciply. — D’Archiac. Deshayes. cruciferus Agass. — P 54, R 52. — Cat. syst. p. 4. — Anachytes cruciferus Mort. Amer. Journ. XVIII, p. 245, Tab. 3, fig. 8. — Small species, sub-cylindrical, as wide anteriorly as posteriorly. Ferruginous sands of New Gersey. Terr. Cret. of Couse (Dordogne), — Deshayes, Desmoulins.

Nicoleti Agass. — Q 43. S 47. — Nucleolites lacunosus Agass. (non Goldf.). Foss. Cret. in Mém. Soc. Neuch. I, p. 132. — Echin. suiss. I. p. 40, Tab. 7, fig. 4–6. Cat. syst. p. .4. — Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 360. Néoc. of the canton of Neuchâtel, Subigny, Martigues, Les Angles, Salève, Censeau (Jura), Fautenil near Grenoble. — Mus. Neuchâtel, Mus. Paris (gal. geol.), Deluc, Marcou, Alb. Gras.

Renaudi Agass. — S 9 — Catopygus Renaudi Agass, Echin. suiss. I, p. 51, Tab. 8, fig. 7–9. Cat. syst. p. 4. Néoc, super, of the department of Doubs, near Chaux-de-Fonds. — Renaud-Comte. neocomensis Agass. — Q 33. S 10. — Catopygus neocomensis Agass. Echin. suiss. I, p. 83, Tab. 8, Fig. 12–14 — Cat. syst. p. 4. Néoc of the canton of Neuchâtel, Douanne (canton of Berne), Salève, Saint Sauveur in Puisaye (Yonne), Fautinil near Grenoble. — Mus. Neuchâtel, Gressly. Favre-Bertramd. Alb. Gras.

Gresslyi Agass. — Q 46. — Catopygus Gresslyi Agass. Echin. suiss. I, p. 49, Tab. 8, fig. 1–3. — Cat. syst. p. 4. Marn. néoc. of Hauterive near Neuchâtel, Bettancourt. — Mus. Neuchâtel, Gressly, d’Orbigny. alpinus Agass. — 82. — Catopygus alpinus Agass. Echin. suiss. I, p. 82, Tab. 8, fig. 10 and 11. — Cat. syst. p. 4. Néoc. super., Salève, Rautispitz near Nœfels. —Escher de la Linth.

Faba Agass. — M 42. Cassidiulus Faba Agass. (non Defr.) — Cat. syst. p. 4. — Form elongated, very depressed. Rostrated, but not widened posteriorly. ? Deshayes.v

LXV. CLYPEUS KLEIN.

Form discoidal, sometimes slightly rostrate posteriorly. Test thick. Anus in a groove. Mouth central, surrounded by bourrelets that distinguish it from the genus Nucleolites. All species belong to Jurassic deposits.

Patella Agass. — Q 18. — Cat. syst. p. 3. — Echin. suiss. I, p. 36. Tab. 3, fig. 4–6. —Galerites Patella Lamk. — Clypeus sinuatus Leske, p. 157. Tab. 12. — Park. Org. rem. III, Pl. 2, fig. 1. Ool. inf. of Boulogne-sur-Mer, Chayul (Ardennes), Montanville, Flincy (Meuse) Calne, Metz, Noviant, Besaçon, Porrentruy, Salins (Jura), environ of Basel. — Mus. Neuchâtel, Gressly, Michelin, Deshayes, Bronn, Thurmann, Marcou, Mus. Basel.

Hugli Agass. — P 9. Echin. suiss. I, p.37, Tab. 10, fig. 2–4. —Cat. syst. p. 4. — Nuclolites lacunifera Mer. (Mus. Basel). Ool. inf. of Jura soleurois and bishopric of Mont-Terrible (cant. of Berne). — Mus. Soleure, Bern and Basel, Thurmann.

Solodurinus Agass. — S 49. Echin. suiss. I, p. 33, Tab. 5, fig. 1–3. — Cat. syst. p. 4. Marn. vésul. Obergoeschen (Jura soleurois), Egg (Argovie), Poligny (Jura). — Strohmeyer, Bronn, Marcou. angustiporus Agass. — 58. — Cat. syst. p. 4. — Species discoidal, flat, with ambulacra much narrower than C. Patella. Jurassic deposits of France. — Deshayes. rimosus Agassiz. — S 71. — Flat species, discoidal, with ribbed ambulacra. Jurassic deposits of Gloucesteshire. —Deluc. acutus Agass. X 36. — Echin. suiss. I, p. 38, Tab. 10, fig. I. — Cat. syst. p. 4. Kimmer. of the valley of the Birse (Jura solerois), Aiglepierre, Salins. — Gressly, Marcou. rostratus Agass. — R 4. — Species tall, sub-conical, strongly rostrated posteriorly. Ool. inf. of the canton of Basel. — Mus. Basel.

LXVI. CASSIDULUS LAMK.

Form elongated. Mouth surrounded by bourrelets and with a rosette of buccal pores. Anus superior. Ambulacra sub-petaloid. The pores of the upper poriferous zones are not united by transverse grooves. Found from the Cretaceous up to the present epoch. australis Lamk. — Cuv. Régne anim. Tab. 13, fig. 5. Spanish-Town (Antilles). — Mus. Paris. guadaloupensis Duchassaigue, Bull. Soc. géol. Fr. 1847. — Living species found in the state of petrification; intermediate between C. lavis caneri and C. Marmini. The bourrelet above the anus is less developed than in the latter species. White tuff of Guadeloupe. — Michelin. lapis-caneri Lamk. — Q 49. — Agass. Cat. syst. p. 4. — Faujas de Saint-Fond, Tab. 30, fig. 1. —Nucleotides lapis- caneri Goldf. p. 143, Tab. 43, fig. 12. La Fèche (Sarthe), Valognes, Chalk of Maëstricht, Ciply. — Michelin, Deshayes, Mus. Neuchâtel. testudinarius Brongn. — V 5. — Vic. P. 83, Tab. 5, fig. 13, a, b, c. Nucleolites testudinaria Desml. Tab. syn. p. 356. — Species widened posteriorly, with eccentric summit. Tert. of Vicentin. —Desmoulins.

Marmini Agass. — R 45. — Nucleolites Marmini Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 360. — The anus is covered with a large bourrelet in the form of a transversely widened lip. From the mountain of Saint-Pierre of Maëstricht. Chalk with baculites d’Orgalande, Chalk of Port d’Léna. — Michelin, sir Philippe Egerton, Desmoulins.

LXVII. CATOPYGUS AGASS.

Form more tapered anteriorly than posteriorly. Petalloid ambulacra. Ventral surface flat. Mouth surrounded by large bourrelets with a rosette of very distinct buccal pores between the bourrelets. Posterior surface truncated. Anus on upper border of the posterior surface. carinatus Agass. —M 97. P 3. P 50. Q 41. S 91. — Cat. syst. p. 4. — Nucleolites carinatus. Goldf. Petref. . 142, Tab. 43, fig. 11. — Nucleolites britanna Desor. Var. minor: Nucleolites ovulum Defr. Cr. chlor. Le Mans, Rouen, Condrecieux, Gacé, Fourcas, La Fèche, Fécamp, Villers, Essen on the Roehr, Sandwich (England). — Mus. Paris, Michelin, Deshayes Bronn, Defrance. fenestratus Agass. — 65. X 84, S 4, M 43b. Cat. syst. p. 4. —Faujas de Saint- Fond, Tab. 30, fig 6 and 8. Larger than C. carinatus. Posterior side less high and more depressed. Cr. of Ciply. — Deshayes. conformis Desor. Species near C. fenestratus, but the anus is a little lower and the dorsal surface more depressed. Tert. of Orglande. — Deshayes. lævis Agass. X 60, — Cat. syst. p. 4. — Faujas de Saint-Fond, Tab. 30, fig. 6 and 8. Nucleolites lævis Defr. — Nucleolites ovulum Goldf. (non Defr.) Petref. p. 138, Tab. 43, Fig. 2. Dan. of Maëstricht. Cr. of Fox-les-Caves. — Deshayes. pyriformis Agass. — R 76. S. 75. S 85. S 87. — Nucleolites pyriformis Gold. Petref, p. 141, Tab. 43, fig. 7. — Leske, Tab. LI, fig. 5 and 6. — Species very elongated. Anus rostrated, folded toward the lower border. Tubercles completely uniform. Dan. of Maëstricht, Ciply. — Michelin, Defrance. tenuiporus Agass. — R 7. — Near C. pyriformis, but less cylindrical and wider. Cr. of France. — Mus. Basel. cylindricus Desor. — T 85. Approaches a little C. pyriformis; but is it taller and more cylindrical. Anal rostrum little projecting. Posterior border truncated squarely. Gault. — D’Orbignyi. parvulus Agass. — 80. Cat. syst. p. 4. — Very small cylindrical species, borders very swollen. Chalk ? of France. — Deshayes. columbarius Agass. — R 71. — Nucleolites columbaria Lmk. — Nucleotites fourasensis d’Arch. Etudes sur la formation Crétacée, 1re partie. — C. columbarius, Mém. Soc. géol. Fr., 2e sér. Vol. II, Tab. XIII, fig. 3. — Species swollen, very narrow anteriorly, truncated vertically posteriorly. Anus vertical. Back flat. Gault of Coulaines (Sarthe), Mans, Fouras. — Michelin, d’Archiac, Mus. Paris. obtusus Desor. — T 29. Species widened posteriorly. Back swollen. Buccal star formed of large bourretes. Chalk. – Michelin. elongatus Desor. —R 73. — Large species very elongated. Not sensibly wider posteriorly than anteriorly, which distinguishes it especially from C. columbarius. Chalk of Royan. — Michelin.

LXVIII. PYGAULUS AGASS.

Small swollen urchins, more or less cylindrical. Ventral surface pulvinated. Pentagonal central mouth more or less oblique without bourrelets and without buccal rosette. Anus rostrate; or sub- rostrate. Differs from Echinolampas by its oblique mouth and is longitudinal anus.

pulvinatus Agass. — T 89. — Pygurus pulvinatus from Arch. Mém Soc. géol. Fr., vol. II, 2e sér., Tab. 13, fig. 5. — Rostrated posteriorly. Ventral surface pulvinated. Cr. of Tourtia (Belgium). — Soc. Géologique Michelini. depressus Agass. — 78, Catapygus depressus Agass. Cat. syst. p. 4. — Echin. suiss. I, p. 50. Tab. 8, fig. 4–6. Nucleotites depressa Al. Brongn. — Pyrina depressa Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 258. — Galerites depressa Al. Brongn. Cr. chlor., mountain of Fis, Reposoir, Entrevernus, near Grenoble. — Mus. Geneva and Bern. Alb. Gras. macropygus Desor. — T 90. — Species strongly swollen posteriorly. Anus marginal, without being visible from above because of the swelling of the flanks. Anus very large. Cr. chlor. of Fouras. — D’Orbigny. ovatus Agass. Very swollen, elongated, slightly rostrate posteriorly. Anus very small and elongated in the direction of the antero-posterior diameter. Gault of the branches of the Rhône. Ebne Alp. — Mus. Neuchâtel and Zurich.

Desmoulini Agass. — R 31. R 32. —Tall species with slightly flat dorsal side, ambulacra very narrow. Widened posterior side, subrostrate. Néoc. of Orgon. — Michelin, Desmoulins. subæqualis Agass. — M 100. — Cat. syst. p. 4. — Small species, wide and depressed, recalling a little the form of some Caratomus. Cr. inf. of Saints (depart. of Charente). — D’Orbigny, Mus. Paris (gal. geol.). affinis Agass. — S 18. — Catopygus subæqualis Agass. Cat. syst. p. 4. — Near C. subæqualis, but the anus is higher. Gault of the Ile d’Aix. — D’Orbigny. cylindricus Desor. — V 21 — Large species very swollen, cylindrical. Posterior side obliquely truncated. A flared groove on the anterior side, ambulacral petals side and lanceolate. Néoc. sup. of Sossenage near Grenoble, with Toxaster oblongus. — Albin Gras.

LXIX. ARCHIACIA. AGASS.

(Pl. .15 [vol. VI], fig. 27 and 28.]

Summit very elongated, completely pushed back anteriorly in a way to overhang the base. Ambulacral petals short. Anus very large, inframarginal. Ventral surface concave. Mouth slightly star-shaped without bourrelets. It has the form of Metaporhinus, with the difference that there is only a single ambulacral star and the ambulacra are petaloid.

sandalina Agass. — T 71. — Clypeaster sundalinus d’Arch. Gault of Fouras. — D’Archiac. cornuta Agass. The summit is even more slender, cylindrical and rounded at the summit. This is the only part known. Terr. crét. of Sinai. Mus. Paris.

LXX. PYGORHYNCUS AGASS.

(Pl. 15 [vol. VI], fig. 22 and 23).

Form elongated. Ambulacra distinctly petaloid, often fibbed as in Echinolampas. Mouth central or sub-central, pentagonal, surrounded by large bourrelets with a rosette of very distinct buccal pores. Anus on the posterior surface, nearer than upper border than the lower border. All the species belong to the nummulitic or Tertiary deposits.

grigonensis Agass. — 69. 70. 71. 77. M 17. Q 24. — Cat. syst. p. 4. — Nucleolites grigonensis Defr. — Nucleolites depertitus Defr. — Nucleolites Lamarckii. Var. crushed. 47. V 10. — Var. oblonga; Cassidulus oblongus Defr. Tert. of Grigon, Hauteville near Valognes, Parnes. —Deshayes, Michelin.

Testudo Forbes, Tr. géol. Soc. I, VII, p. 161, Tab. 19, fig. 2. Species near to P. grigonensis but more depressed anteriorly and higher posteriorly. Environ Pundichéry. — Cunliffe.

planatus Forbes. Tr. géol. Soc. I, II, p. 162. Tab. 19, fig. 3. — Species flatter than the preceding and less depressed anteriorly. It nevertheless could be only a variety. Environ Pundichéry.. — Cunliffe.

Desorii D’Arch. Distinguished by its circular form. Numm. deposits of Biaritz. — D’Archiac.

scutella Agass. — M. 22. — Cat. syst. p. 4. — Nucleolites scutella Goldf. Petref, p. 144, Tab. 43, fig. 14. — Cassidulus scutella Lamk. Tert. of Vérone. Malo district of Sehio. County of Nice, Tert. sands of Hereford in Westphalia. — Mus. Strasbouorg, Zurich, Turin and Bonn, Bronn, Műnster. Var. inflata. — T 98. Nucleolites testudinarius Műnstr. In Goldf. p. 143, Tab. 43, fig. 13. — Nucleolites Műnsteri Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 360. Cr. of Dax. — Desmoulis. sopitianus d’Arch. — T 84. — Mém. Soc. géol. Fr. 2e sér. Vol. II, p. 203, Tab. 6, fig. 5. — Dorsal surface conical; except for that, very near P. scutella. Numm. deposits of Biaritz. D’Archiac. elatus Agass. — Cassidulus elatus Forbes. Trans. géol. Soc. L. II. 1846. P. 182, Tab. 19, fig. 1. — Species near P. sopitianus, but less conical and more swollen. The anus is also higher and the ambulacra less projecting. Environ Pondichéry. — Cunliffe.

Cuvieri Agass. — 47b. 48. Q 8. – Cat. syst. p. 5. Clypeaster cuvieri Goldf. Petref. p. 133, Tab. 42, fig. 2. — Echinolampas Cuveri Agass. Prodr. Calc. gr. environ Paris (Glacière). Tert. of Russenberg. — Michelin, Deshayes, Műnstr. tumidus Agass. — Q 7. — Cat. syst. p. 5. Swollen species, with sub-conical back. Anus very small. Tert. numm. ? — Deshayes. crassus Agass. M. 41. S 57. — Cat. syst. p. 5. — Species more depressed than the preceding, less sloping posteriorly. Terr. pisol. of Brendola, Vèrone. — Élie de Beaumont. subcylindricus Agass. — P 31. — Cat. syst. p. 5 Species swollen, sub-cylindrical, narrow ambulacra with prominent anus, sub-rostrate. Calc. gr. environ Paris.

Brongniarti Agass. — Clypeasger Brongniarti Goldf. Petref. P. 133, Tab. 42, fig. 3. Terr. of Kressenbert. — Műnster. subcarinatus Agass. — Q 37. — Cat. syst. p. 5. — Nucleolites subcarinatus Goldf. Petref. p. 142, Tab. 43, fig. 10. Tert. of Dűnde. — Mus. Neuchâtel, Bonn, Michelin.

Delhosii Desor. Species depressed, characterized by its narrow and nearly poined ambuolacra. Back nearly flat. Terr. numm. of Montfort near Dax. — Delbos.

Desmoulinsii Delbos. Species near P. tumidus but more elongated and more widened posteriorly. Calc. gr. of Blaye. — Delbos. heptagonus Desor. — Nucleolites heptagona Grat. — Species very near P. scutella but the ambulacral summit appears nearer the anterior border. Numm. Deposits of Montfort near Dax. – Delbos.

LXXI. PYGURUS AGASS.

Form discoidal or ovoid, more or less swollen. Ambulacra petaloid, flush with the test. Poriferous zones very wide, gradually narrowing toward the border. Ventral surface concave or sub-concave, mouth pentagonal surrounded by large bourrelets. Rosette of very marked buccal pores. Anus longitudinal. Tubercles very dense. For the most part, the species belongs to Jurassic deposits. Some are solely in the neocomian deposits.

FIRST TYPE — Rostrate or sub-rostrate posteriorly trilobus Agass. —39. P 46. — Cat, syst. p. 5. — Clypeaster oviformis var. ß Lamk. — Clypeaster dubius Defr. — Species very high in the form of a roof, strongly rostrate posteriorly. Cr. chlor. of Le Mans. — Mus. Paris, Deshayes, Defrance. productus Agass. Q 26. S 98. — Echinolampas productus Agass. Foss. crèt. in Mèm. Soc. Neuch. I, p. 135. — Echin. suiss. I, p. 72, Tab. 13 bis, fig. 3 and 4. — Cat. syst. p. 3. — Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 352. Nèoc. of Mormont near Lasarraz (Coulon), Chaux de-Fonds. — Mus. Neuchâtel. acutus Agass. — T 70. Remarkable for its anus elongated into a rostrum. Test very depressed. Ool. inf. (Natua). — D’Orbigny.

Monimollini Agass. — S 48, S 93. — Foss. crèt. in Mèm. Soc. Neuch. I, Tab. 14, fig. 4–6. — Echin. suiss. I, p. 69, Tab. 11, fig. 1–3. — Cat. syst. p. 6. Nèoc. of the canton of Neuchâtel near Aix (Savoy). — Mus. Neuchâtel, Daval (Aix). rostratus Agass. — S 41. — Echin. suiss. I, p. 71, Tab. 4–6. Cat. syst. p. 6. Nèoc. inferior of Metabief (Doubs), Boucharans (Jura). — Montamollin, Mus. Neuchâstel, Marcou.

Faujasii Agass. — U 41. — Echinolampas faujasii Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 346. — Small species, nearly square, rostrated posteriorly. Cr. of Languais. — Desmoulins, Michelin.

Blumenbachi Agass. — R 68. — Echinolampas Blumbachi Koch and Dunk. Nordd. Ool. Geb. p. 37, Tab. 4, fig. I. — Recalls strongly Pygurus Monimollini, however the ambulacra are wider and shorter. Coral. of Tonnerre (Yonne) of Waltersberg (Hanover). — Mus. Paris, Michelin, Dunker. depressus Agass. — 40. — Cat. syst. p. 5. — Echinus cataphractus Brug. Encycl. mèth. Zooph. Pl. 146, fig. 3. — Knorr. II, Tab. E 3. — Species in the form of a hat, slightly narrow posteriorly. Anterior border slightly flared. Kellov. of Chanfour, Marville (Meuse) and Croisille, Alençon. — Deslongschamps, Raulin, Deshayes.

Hausmanni Agass. — X 50. — Cat. syst. p. 5. — Clypeaster Hausmanni Koch and Dunk. Nordd. Ool. Gib. p. 38, Tab. 4, fig. 3. — Species gigantic, flat, with low back, circular; anus slightly rostrate. Cor. Of Kleinbremen near Bűrkeburg. – Deshayes, Koch and Dunker. jurensis Marcou, Jur. sal. — Species widened, characterized by wide petals extending to the border. Portl. of Salins. — Marcou. apicalis Desor. — R 39. — Faujas of Saint-Fonds, Tab. 30, fig. 3–7 — Species strongly pointed. Ambulacral star very small. Ventral surface flat. No groove anteriorly. Dan. (of Maesricht). —Marquise of Northampton. conicus Agass. Echin. suiss. I, p. 73, Tab. 13 bis, fig. 1–2. Gault environ Rifferschweil (Alps). — Escher de la Linth.

SECOND TYPE — Discoidal. tenuis Desor. —R 30. Species very widened, nearly circular, with sharp border. Kimmer. of Oberbuchsiten, canton of Soleure (Switzerland). Mus. Neuchâtel, Michlin. orbiculatus Agass. — R 14. — Echinanthites orbiculatus Leske, p. 194, Tab. 41, fig. 2. —Species conical orbicular, wide ambulacra. Kellov. of Mamers, Swiss Alps. – Michelin, Mus. Basel.

Marmonti Agass. — Laganum Marmonti Beaudoin. Soc. gèol. Fr. 1re, vol. XIV, p. 155. Kellov. of Châtillon-sur-Seine, Mamers, — Michelin, Marcou, Mus. Paris. Var. — P 15. Pagurus fimgiformis Agass. Cat. syst. p. t. Ool. inf. of Normandy. — Deslongchamps. columbianus Agass. — Laganum columbianum of Orb. — Round and short species, like P. marmonti. Probably of Neocomian.

THIRD TYPE. — Widened posteriorly

obovatus Agass. — Q 21. Q 28. — Pygorhyncus obovatus Agass. Echin. suiss. I, p. 53, Tab. 8, fig. 18–20. — Cat. syst. p. 4. — Catopygus obovatis Agass. Foss. crèt. in Mèm. Soc. Neuch. I, p. 136. — Nucleolites obovata Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 362. Nèoc. of Mormont near Lasarraz (canton of Vaud), Coulou, Mus. Neuchâtel.

Meyeri Desor. Species near P. obovatus; but the posterior side is more swollen. The anus is not oblique but vertical. Gault of Appenzell. — Mus. Zurich. coaretatus Desor. Species elongated, very narrow anteriorly. The apical summit is a third anteriorly. The posterior side is very widened. Namm. deposits of Nice, Appenzeil. — Mus. Turin, Rehsteiner. minor Agass. — Q 18. Q 25. — Pygorhyncus minor Agass. — Echin. suiss. p. 136, Tab. 8, fig. 13–17. Cat. syst. p. 5. — Catopygus minor Agass. Prodr., etc. — Echinolampas minor Agass. Foss. crèt., etc., p. 136. — Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 352. Nèoc. of Mormant near Lasarraz (cant. of Vaud), Neuchâtel. — Mus. Neuchâtel, Coulou, Montmoilin.

LXXII. ECHINOLAMPAS GRAY.

Form elongated or sub-discoidal. Ambulacrals wide, ordinarily ribbed in the form of dense petals at their end where they stop being swollen. Ventral surface concave. Mouth median. Anus transverse. Apical summit ordinarily eccentric. Differs from the genus Conoclypus by its ambulacral petals and its transverse anus. orientalis Gray. Large swollen species, ovoid. Differs from Echinol. oviformus by its longer and wider ambulacra. Red Sea (Botta). — Mus. Paris.

Richardii Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 310. Large ovoide species, with wide ambulacra. Violet color. Senegal (Itell). —Mus. Paris. ovoformis Agass. — Clypeaster oviformis Lamk. — Species swollen, ovoid, ambulacra narrow. Poriferous zones close together. Southern seas (Pèron and Lesueur). — Mus. Paris, Michelin.

Blainvillei Agass. — T 60. T 99. — (Echinolampas oviformis foss.) Very near Echinolampas oviformis, differs only by is its wider ambulacra. Calc. gr. of Dordogne (Desmoulins). Tert. of Nice. — Mus. Avignon and Turin. stelliferus Desml. — R 75. — Clypeaster stellliferus Lamk. (non Echinolampas stelliferus Agass. Cat. syst. p. 5). — Clypeaster fornicatus Goldf. — Species remarkable for its ambulacra with strong ribs. Calc. gr. of Blaye. Grès. marn. of Műnster. — Mus. Paris, Defrance, Mus. Bonn. politus Desml. T 59. Tabl. syn. p. 348. — Clypeaster politus Lamk. — Clypeus ellipticus Műnst. in Goldf. ? — Large species, very swollen and very high posteriorly. Numm. deposits environ Nice, Sienne, Vérone and Biaritz. — Mus. Avignon and Turin. D’Archiac. ellipsoidalis d’Arch. — I 57. Mém. Soc. géol. Fr. 2e sér., v. II, p. 203, Tab. 6, fig. 3. — Very near Echinolampas politus, from which it differs only by its narrow and more cylindrical form. Numm. deposits of Biaritz. — D’Archiac, Desmoulins.

Francii Desor. — R 85. Clypeaster oviformis Defr. — Species extremely near ellipsoidalis, but with a back a little flatter. The ambulacra are also a little wider. Calc. gr. of Oorglande. — Michelin, Defrance. dorsalis Agass. — T 58. Species shorter than Echinol. Francii, with very flat back. Posterior ambulacra short and wide. Tert. inf. of Saint Palais, near Royan. — D’Orbigny. subdorsalis Desor. — Q 19. — Echinolampas ellipticus Agass. non Goldf.. — Near. Echinol. dorsalis, but narrower and more swollen, with slightly projecting ambulacra. Back flat. Deposit? Mus. Neuchâtel. amygdala Desor. — T 17. — Small species with flat back and narrow ambulacra. Numm. deposits of Egypt. — Mus. Paris. eurtus Agass. — 43, 46. Echinolampas stelliferus Agass. Cat. syst. p. 5. Echinolalmpas eurypygus Agass. Cat. syst. p. 5. — Species very short, flat and high, with wide ambulacra. Tert. of Vérone. — Mus. Bern. brevis Agass. Species very short, with wide, very close poriferous zones. Ambulacra less wide than in Echinol. curtus. Numm. deposits of Appenzell. — Walchner. ovalis Desml. — T 73. — Tabl. syn. p. 342. — Species elongated, flat, with very wide ambulacra extending very far. — It is perhaps Galerites ovalis Val. Encycl. méth. Pl. 143, fig. 13 and 14? Calc. gr. inf. environ Polliac (Gironde). — Mus. Avignon, Desmoulin. Var. inflata: Echinolampas burdigalensis Agass. — Q 38. — Cat. syst. p. 8. Tert. of Bordeeaux. — Deshayes.

Beaumonti Agass. S 16. — Cat/ syst. p. 5. — Species elongated, with swollen back and very widened, slightly swollen ambulacra . Pisol. deposits of Vérone. — Ecole des Mines.

Escheri Agass. — 41. P 1. — Echin. suiss. I. p. 59, Tab. 9, fig. 7–9. — Cat. syst. p. 5. — Differs from Echinol. Studeri by its narrower ambulacra. The poriferous zones are excessively narrow. Numm. deposits of Appenzell and Faehnern (Saint-Gall). Walchner, Rehsteiner. Mus. Bern and Zurich. similis Agass. — 48, 50. — Echinol. Burdigalensis (pro parte) Agass. Cat. syst. p. 5. — Same form as Echinol. ovatis, but with narrow ambuolacra, in form of small ribs. Calc. gr. envion Paris, Blaye. — Mus. Paris, Michelin, Duval, d’Orbigny. affinis Desml. — 51b, P 26. P 36. — Tabl. syn. p. 311. Clypeaster affinis Goldf. Petref. p. 134, Tab. 42, fig. 6. — Differs from Echinol. similis by its more anterior summit. The ambulacra are also less swollen. Calc. gr. of Grigon, Sainte-Croix, Laon, Courtagnon, Château Thierry, Blaye. — Deshayes, d’Archiac, Desmoulin. subsimilis d’Arch. — T 56. — Mém. Soc. géol. Fr. 2e sér, v. II, p. 204, Tab. 6, fig. 4. — Extremely near Echinol. similis, a little shorter and more swollen. Anus very large. Numm. deposits of Biaritz, Saint-Palais near Royan. — D’Archiac, Desmoulins, Delbus. senetiformis d;Arch. Tabl. syn. Tab. 318. — Lamk. (Leske). — S 58, R 13. — Echinolampas Francii Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 350. — Echinolampas fungiformis Mer.. — Clypeaster hæmisphericus Defr. (pro parte). — Distinguished from all Echinolampas by its tubercles, relatively very few in number. — Tert. Molasse of Martigues, Nions, Montsigur, Suze (Drōme), Vedennes (Vauruse), Barhantane, Bouches- des-Rhōne, Les Angles near Avignon, Sommières (Gard), Blaye, Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux, Romagneux (Ain), Nice. — Desmoulins, Desmarest, Defrance. Mus. Turin. hemisphæriens Agass. — 33. R 99. — Prodr., etc. — Clypeaster hemisphæricus Lamk. — Large discoidal species with flat ventral surface. Molasse of Dav, Ssaaint-Jean-de-Royaume (Drôme), Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux, Cape Couroune, Tert. of Martigues (Lande).

Laurillard Agass. — 34. — Echinolampas Richardii Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 312. — Form discoidal with narrow ambulacra. Differs from Echinol. hemisphæriicus by its smaller size, and its less star-shaped mouth. Tert. of Bordeaux, Turin (Savonne). Shell-marls of Léongnan. — Deshayes, Mus. Turin, d’Orbigny, Desmoulins. semiglobus Desml.— 33b — Tabl. syn. p. 344. — Clypeaster simiglobus Lamk. — Galerites semiglobus Grat. Mém. Ours. Foss. p. 53, Tab. 2, fig. .4, a, b. Tert. of Dax. — Mus. Paris.

Linkii Agass. — Clypeaster Linkii Goldf. Petref. p. 133, Tab. 42, fig. 4. Tert. environ Vienne.

Hoffmanni Desor. — S 54. T 72. — Form of Echinol. hemisphræricus; but the poriferous zones are narrower and the ambulacra more open at the end. Tert. of Sicily, Palermo. — Michelin.

Kleinii Desml. — Q 51. — Tabl. syn. p. 346. — Agass. Cat. syst. p. 5 — Clypeaster Kelinii Goldf. Petref. p. 133, Tab. 42, fig. 5. Clypeaster excentricus Lamk. Tert. of Bűnde. — Mus. Neuchâtel and Bonn, Michelin, Deshayes. angulatus Merian. — R 3. V 3. – Species flat, rostrate and angular posteriorly. Poriferous zones of the ambulacra very narrow. Tubercles not dense. Molasse of Saint-Just to the south of Saint-Restitut, Les Angles. — Mus. Basel, Desmoulins. columbaris Agass. — P 53b.. M 16. — Small, very flat species, ventral surface sub-concave. Tert. — Michelin. intermedius Agass. — R 17. — Species swollen, sloping posteriorly, sub-cylindrical. Tert. — Mus. Basel. eurysomus Agass. — P 39. — Echin. suiss. I, p. 60, Tab. 9, fig. 1–3. —Cat. syst. p. 5. Numm. deposits? of Einsiedeln. — Mus. Bern.

Hayesiana Desor. — V17 — Species near Echinol. scutiformis; but the ambulacra are narrower and their pores are not connected by small grooves. The tubercles are proportionally large and few. Middle Tert. of Oran (Algeria) and Carthagène (Catalog). — Deshayes.

LXIII. AMBLYPYGUS AGASS.

(Pl. 13 [vol. VI], fig. 19 and 20)

This genus has all the essential characters of the genus Conoclypus; but it differs from it in that the very large anus, instead of being inframarginal, is located on the ventral surface in the middle of the unpaired interambulacral area. The three known species are of nummulitic and Tertiary deposits. apheles Agass, — 43. — Cat. syst. p. 5. — Species elongated, depressed, with swollen borders. Pisol. deposits of Vérone. — Ile de Baumont. dilatatus Agass. — S 26. — Cat. syst. p. 5. — Large, circular species. Depressed with sharp borders. Numm. deposits of Salghir in Crimea. — Dubois de Montpéreux.

Arnoldi Desor. — R 36. – Species sub-circular, swollen borders. Ambulacra divergent with very narrow poriferous zones. Tert. of the valley of Era. — Michelin.

LXXIV. CONOCLYPUS AGASS.

Form hemispherical or oval, always very swollen. Test thick. Ambulacra very wide and very long, convergent at the summit, not arced at the end. Mouth median, pentagonal, surrounded by large bourrelets. Ventral surface flat. Anus infra-marginal, elongated in the antero-posterior diameter. The species are all Cretaceous and Tertiary.

Leskei Agass. — Q 10. — Cat. syst. p. 5. — Clypeaster Leskei Goldf. Petref. p. 132, Tab. 42, fig. 1. — Echinolampas ovata Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 316. — Galerites ovata Lamk. Cr. of Maëstricht. Cr. of Royon and Taimont. — Everywhere. Desmoulins. ovum Agass. — R 86, Galerites ovum Grat. Ours. foss., p. 80, Pl. 2, fig. 20. — Echinolampas ovum Desml. Tabl. syn. p. 352. This species has the form of Conocl. Leskei, but the base if flatter. Numm. deposits of Dax. — D’Orbignyi, Mus. Avignon, Michelin, Desmoulins. acutus Agasss. T 82. — Echinolampus acuta Desor. Tabl. syn. p. 352. —Species very near the preceding, but with a pointed summit and more oblong. Mouth nearly central. Cr. of Couze and the port of Lena (Dordogne). – Desmoulins, Mus. Avignon.

Osiris Desor. — T 10. — Form oval, with a very swollen border. Differs from Conocl. conoideus by its larger form. Numm. deposit of Montradan (Egypt). — Mus. Paris. marginatus Desor. — R 59. — Near Conocl. Osiris, but with a projecting border and a sub-concave ventral surface. Numm. deposits. — Michelin.

æquidilatatus Agass. — 36b. — Cat. syst. p. 5. — Species swollen, short tower, but wider than Conocl. Osiris, with swollen borders. Numm. deposits of Kressenberg. – Mus. Neuchâtel. conoideus Agass. — S 94. — Echin. suiss. I, p. 64. Tab. 10, fig. 16. Echinolampas Agassiz Dub. Voy. to Cauc. Tb. 1, fig. 22–24. — Galerites conoideus Lamk. — Clypeaster conoideus Goldf. Petref. p. 1332, Tab. 41, fig. 8. Numm. deposits of Kressenberg, Seealp (canton of Appenzell), Egypt, Salghir in Crimea. — Mus. Bonn, Rehsteiner, Mus. Paris, Dubois de Montpéreux.

Bordæ Agass. — 54. — Echin. suiss. I, Tab. 10, fig. 14 and 15. Galerites Bordæ Grat. Mém. Ours. foss. Pl. 2, fig. 1. — Species high, but more elongated and vaulted than Conocl. cnoides. Tert. ? of Dax. — Grateloup, Deshayes. costellatus Agass. — Q 68b. —Conoclypus conoideus Agass. Cat. syst. p. 5. — Resembles Conocl. Bordæ, but it is less high. The ambulacra are slightly projecting. Numm. deposits of Kressenberg. — Deshayes.

Bouci Agass. — R 60. Clypeaster Bouci Goldf. Petref. p. 131, Tab. 41, fig. 7. Numm. deposits of Kressenberg. — Michelin.

Duboisi Agass. — Q 68. — Echin. suiss. I, p. 7, Tab. 10, fig. 11–13. — Cat. suiss. p. 5. — Near Conocl. Bordæ, but much less high. Numm. deposits of Salghir in Crimea. — Dubois de Montpéreux. plagiosomus Agass. — 53. — Cat. syst. p. 5. — Large, swollen species, with sharp borders, remarkable for its very narrow poriferous zones. Molasses of Cape Couronne near Martigues. — Michelin. anachoreta Agass. — 42. P 2. — Echinn. suiss. I. p. 63, Tab. 10, fig. 5–7. — Cat. syst. p. 5. Var. 51. P 16. —Conoclypus microporus Agass. Echin. suiss. I, p. 64, Tab. 10, fig. 8–10. — Cat. syst. p. 5. Numm. deposits ? of Einsiedeln (Studer). — Mus. Bern. subcylindricus Agass. — Q 55. — Cat. syst. p. .5. — Clypeaster subcylindricus Műnst. in Goldf. Petref. p. 131, Tab. 41. Numm. deposits of Kressenberg, canton of Saint-Gall, Nice. — Mus. Neuchâtel, Rehsteiner, Mus. Turin. crassissimus Agass. — S 52. — Large, circular species, near Conocl. conoideus, but more conical with elliptical base. Tert. — Deshayes. ucæ Desor. — R 53. — Large species with thin border, very near Conocl. plagiosomus. Tert. ? Aliante. — Deluc.

LXXV. ASTEROSTOMA AGASS.

This genus has characteristics both of cassiduloids and spatangoids. It has the form of Ananchytes, but it differs from it by the mouth that is median and pentagonal. Ambulacra united at the summit, the unpaired has pores small and more spaced than the paired ambulacra, nearly as in spatangoids. On the ventral surface, the corresponding ambulacra have wide and deep flared grooves. excentricum Agass. — R 98 — Clypeaster excentricus Lamk. — Very large, swollen species, with thin test. Summit of eccentric ambulacra anterior. Doubtful deposit. — Mus. Paris.