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Thailand Tobacco Control Country Profile

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Thailand Tobacco Control Country Profile Thailand Tobacco Control Country Profile Tobacco Control Research and Knowledge Management Center (TRC), Mahidol University 2008 Thailand Tobacco Control Country Profile Authors Asst.Prof.Dr.Lakkhana Termsirikulchai Dr.Sarunya Benjakul Asst.Prof.Dr.Mondha Kengganpanich Mr.Nuttapon Theskayan Mr.Saroj Nakju Art designed by Mr.Adisak Thanomsub ISBN First Published October 2008, 1,000 copies Printed by Charoendee Munkong Printing Published by Tobacco Control Research and Knowledge Management Center (TRC) Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University 420/1 Rajvithi Rd., Rajdhevee, Bangkok 10400 Tel. 66-2354-5346 Fax.66-2354-5374 http://www.trc.or.th Supported by Office of the WHO Representative to Thailand i Acknowledgement This paper was commissioned by The World Health Organization and the WHO Regional Office for South East Asia as a background document for the capacity assessment of tobacco control in Thailand. The World Health Organization and the WHO Regional Office for South East Asia would like to thank to the experts from the Tobacco Control Research and Knowledge Management Centre (TRC), Mahidol University, the authors of the paper and also to convey special thanks to all the contributors to this paper: Dr Hatai Chitanondh (President of Thai Health Promotion Institute: THPI), Prof Dr Prakit Vathesathokit (Secretariat of Action on Smoking and Health Foundation: ASH Thailand) and Dr Chonlatan Witsaluwong (Excise department, Ministry of Finance), as well as to the National Tobacco Control Capacity Assessment Committee. Dr Steve L. Hamann (Consultant to International Affairs Office, Thai Health Promotion Foundation) helped with English editing. However, the findings and interpretation of facts expressed in the paper are entirely those of the authors, and do not necessarily represent the views of the World Health Organization or of the WHO Regional Office for South East Asia.. Tobacco Control Research and Knowledge Management Center (TRC), Mahidol University September, 2008 ii List of Abbreviation AFTA - Asean Free Trade Area APEC - Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation ASEAN - Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASH - Action on Smoking or Health Foundation BMA - Bangkok Metropolis Administration CIF - Cost, Insurance and Freight CSR - Cooperate Social Responsibility DALYs - Disability Adjusted Life Years DSI - Department of Special Investigation FCTC - Framework Conventional on Tobacco Control GDP - Gross Domestic Product GYTS - Global Youth Tobacco Survey GHPS - Global Health Professionals Survey ITC Project - International Control Policy HDI - Human Development Index NGO - Nongovernmental Organization NCCTU - National Committee for the Control of Tobacco Use MOPH - Ministry of Public Health MOU - Memorandum of Understanding OTOP - One Tumbol One Product RYO - Roll-Your-Own ThaiHealth - Thai Health Promotion Foundation TTM - Thailand Tobacco Monopoly iii TMD - Trade Mark Diversification VAT - Value Added Tax UN - United Nation WHO - World Health Organization WTO - World Trade Organization 5As - 1) Ask 2) Advise, 3) Assess , 4) Assist, 5) Arrange iv Summary Table Thailand Tobacco Control Country Profile COUNTRY BACKGROUND Official name Thailand Capital city Bangkok Official language Thai Surface area 513,120 km2 Subregion Asia DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS Total population (2007) 63,038,247 Urban population (2007) 30.5% Total fertility rate (2006) 1.6 Sex ratio (2007) 97.4 Life expectancy at birth (2006) Total 70.30 years Male 69.9 years Female 77.6 years Crude birth rate (1,000 pop) (2006) 12.7 Crude death rate (1,000 pop) (2006) 6.2 SOCIOECONOMIC INDICATORS Human Development Index (2004) Level Moderate Ranking 74th Gini Coefficient (2006) 0.515 Gross Domestic Product (2006) 7,830,329 Million THB Per capita gross domestric product (2006) 115,098 THB Literacy rate in the population over 15 years (2006) 93.5% MORTALITY INDICATORS Crude Death Rate (1,000 pop) (2006) 6.2 Infant Mortality Rate (1,000 live births) (2006) 7.4 Death Rates per 100,000 population by leading causes of death (2006) Malignant neoplasm, all forms (C00–D48) 83.1 Accident and poisonings (V01–V99, W00-W99, X00-X59, Y10-Y89) 59.8 Hypertension and cerebrovascular disease (I10-I15, I60-I69) 24.4 Disease of the heart (I05-I09, I20-I25, I26-I28, I30-I52) 28.4 Pneumonia and other diseases of lung (J12-J18, J80-J94) 22.0 v TOBACCO CONTROL PROGRAM INFORMATION Specific national government objectives Yes National agency or technical unit for tobacco control Yes % of full-time staff for tobacco control 6.85 TOBACCO CONTROL PROGRAM INFORMATION Government’s expenditure on tobacco control (MOPH) In currency reported by country 10,000,000 THB In USD, at official exchange rate $ 294,1118 WHO FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON TOBACCO CONTROL Date of signature 20 June 2003 Date of ratification 8 November 2004 INFORMATION ON POLICIES INCLUDED IN THE CORE PACKAGE Tobacco taxation 80% Prices most popular brand (20-pack) In currency reported by country 50 THB In USD, at official exchange rate $ 1.47 Bans on advertising, promotion and sponsorship Nation TV and radio Yes Local magazines/ newspapers Yes International magazines/ newspapers No Cross border advertising, e.g. Internet, International TV and radio No Billboards/outdoor advertising Yes Point of sale Yes Free distribution Yes Promotional discounts Yes Non-tobacco products with tobacco brand names Yes Non-tobacco brand used for tobacco products Yes Tobacco product placement in TV and/or films Yes Sponsored events Yes vi Smoke-free environments Health care facilities Yes Education facilities Yes Universities, except personal room Yes Governmental facilities, except personal room Yes Indoor offices Yes Restaurant Yes Pubs and bars Yes Health warnings on tobacco packaging Law or regulations banning misleading terms Yes % of principal display areas covered by warnings 50% Warnings are mandated and specific Yes Warning appears on each package/ label Yes Warnings describe harmful effects of tobacco use Yes Warnings are large, clear, visible, and legible Yes Warnings rotate Yes Warnings are written in the principal language(s) Yes Warnings include pictures Yes Warnings are written the information of toxic and emissions Yes Treatment of tobacco dependence Tobacco quitline Yes Nicotine replacement therapies Yes Bupropion sold Yes Counseling in public health facilities e.g., hospital, health center Yes, in some Counseling in private health facilities e.g., hospital, clinic Yes, in some Counseling over counter at the drug store Yes, in some Prevalence of tobacco use Adult ( ≥ 15 years) current smoking prevalence (2007) Total 21.22% Male 41.70% Female 1.94% Youth current smoking prevalence (GYTS, 2006) Total 11.7% Male 17.4% Female 4.8% vii Contents Page Acknowledgement i List of abbreviation ii Summary iv Contents vii List of Tables x List of Figures xi List of Charts xi Background Information 1. Location Territory and Boundary 3 2. Political Structure 4 3. Agencies Implementing Health Programmes 5 Demographic information 1. Population structure 11 2. Population Distribution Density 12 3. Fertility Rate 13 4. Life Expectancy at Birth 13 5. Education and Literacy 14 Socio-economic Information 1. Gross Domestic Product: GDP 17 2. Economic Growth Rate 18 3. Income Distribution 19 4. Human Development Index: HDI 20 viii Contents (Continued) Page Health Indicators 1. Mortality Rate 23 2. Infant Mortality Rate 24 3. Causes of Death 25 4. Morbidity 25 5. Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) 27 6. Health Insurance 28 7. Health Expenditure 29 Tobacco Control Policy and Infrastructure 1. National Policy on Tobacco Control 33 2. Government Infrastructure in Tobacco Control 35 3. Budget in Tobacco Control Implementation 41 4. Steps Required to Pass Tobacco Legislations and Regulation 41 5. Successful Tobacco Control Models 44 Implementation of Tobacco Control Policy 1. Taxation, Pricing and Manufacturing of Tobacco Products 49 2. Smoke Free Environment 59 3. Advertisement, Sale Promotion and Sponsorship 60 4. Smoking Cessation Services 62 5. Warning People about the Dangers of Tobacco 64 6. Monitoring and Evaluation of the Tobacco Epidemic 71 References 79 ix Contents (Continued) Page Appendix Thailand’s Progress Toward Implementing WHO - FCTC 89 (September 2008) Thailand Tobacco Control Chronology 106 Non-Smoker’s Health Protection Act, B.E. 2535 (1992) 108 Tobacco Products Control Act B.E. 2535 (1992) 111 Notification of the Ministry of Public Health (No.10) B.E.2549 116 (A.D. 2006) Notification of the Ministry of Public Health (No.11) B.E.2549 120 (A.D. 2006) Notification of the Ministry of Public Health (No.12) B.E.2549 126 (A.D. 2006) Notification of the Ministry of Public Health (No.13) B.E.2550 128 (A.D. 2007) Notification of the Ministry of Public Health B.E.2550 132 (A.D. 2007) Notification of the Ministry of Public Health (No.15) B.E.2548 136 (A.D. 2005) Notification of the Ministry of Public Health (No.17) B.E.2549 139 (A.D. 2006) Notification of the Ministry of Public Health (No.18) B.E.2550 144 (A.D. 2007) x Table Contents Table Page 1 Population structure of Thailand, 1985-2007 12 2 Registered Population, area size and population density, 13 by region, 2007 3 Gini Coefficient of Thailand in 1988-2006, by region 19 4 Human Development Index (HDI) of Thailand, 1975 - 2004 20 5 Percentages of population, by important causes of 26 morbidity, 1991-2006 6 Important causes of DALYs loss, by sex, 2004 28 7 Total Health Expenditure, 1999-2005. 29 8 Tobacco stamps 50 9 Cigarette price 52 10 Number of arrests, and value of fines each year. 54 11 Value
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