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Transactions Woolhope Naturalists' Field Club TRANSACTIONS OF THE WOOLHOPE NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB HEREFORDSHIRE "HOPE ON" "HOPE EVER" ESTABLISHED 1851 VOLUME 53 2005 Woolhope Naturalists’ Field Club 2005 ©2007 All contributions to The Woolhope Transactions are COPYRIGHT. None of them may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the writers. Applications to reproduce contributions, in whole or in part, should be addressed, in the first instance, to the editor: Mrs. R. A. Lowe, Charlton, Goodrich, Ross-on-Wye, Herefordshire, HR9 6JF. The Woolhope Naturalists’ Field Club is not responsible for any statement made, or opinion expressed, in these Transactions; the authors alone are responsible for their own papers and reports. Registered Charity No. 521000 website: www.woolhopeclub.org.uk TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Officers, 2005/2006 ......................................................................................................... 1 Obituary - Peter Thomson ........................................................................................................... 2 Proceedings, 2005 ....................................................................................................................... 3 Publication: Herefordshire taxes in the reign of Henry VIII ..................................................... 11 Accounts, 2005 ......................................................................................................................... 12 Biographical Details of Contributors ........................................................................................ 13 Presidential Address, 2005 - The Tale of the Trilobite by Paul Olver ...................................... 15 The story of the trilobite in the fossil record from its appearance in the Cambrian until it peters out in the Permiam, with mentions of the geology of the Welsh Marches, and the Club’s imvolvement in the early geological investigations. Notes on the former Hereford Market Hall and the Tolsey by John Eisel ................................ 25 Dating evidence for the construction of Hereford Market Hall or Market House and of the alterations to it, with illustrations. It was demolished in 1861. New information is presented about the location of the Tolsey or Guildhall in the late 18th century. The Ledbury Scandal of 1606 by Leslie King ........................................................................... 41 An account of a scandal involving William Davies, the vicar of Ledbury from 1576 until 1612. It is illustrated with examples from the extraordinary Ledbury Tithe and Easter Book, and with details of the resulting Star Chamber case. The Romanesque Tympanum at Fownhope and the functioning of the Herefordshire School of Romanesque Sculpture, Herefordshire by Rita Wood ............................................................... 51 The Fownhope tympanum is well known, but this is a new interpretation of its symbolism, particularly of the Throne of Wisdom, the Tree of Life and the Water of Life. It is illustrated with examples from England and the continent. Geophysical survey at the Chesters, Moorcourt, Lyonshall by Peter Guest & Mike Luke ........ 77 The Tithe Name Survey produced by the Club’s Archaeological Research Section has been used to identify possible Roman sites. A ‘Chesters’ field name on the border between Pembridge and Lyonshall is investigated archaeologically. Page Reports of Sectional Recorders Archaeology, 2005 .................................................................................................................... 81 Buildings, 2005 ....................................................................................................................... 100 Herefordshire Field-Names, 2005 ........................................................................................... 103 Natural History Section, 2005 ................................................................................................. 105 Ornithology, 2005 ................................................................................................................... 110 Weather Statistics, 2005 .......................................................................................................... 114 Rules of the Woolhope Naturalists’ Field Club, (Herefordshire) ............................................ 115 Lists of Presidents, Affiliated Societies and Members ............................................................ 117 Index, 2005 ............................................................................................................................. 135 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABLES Page Presidential Address, 2005 - The Tale of the Trilobite Fig. 1 Trilobite morphology 16 2 The ‘flatfish’ figured in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal 17 Society by Dr. Lhwyd (1699) 3 Geological & biological events near the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary 18 with reference to the sequences recorded in the English Midlands 4 A lateral view of a Phacops sp. from the Devonian strata of Morocco 21 5 Trilobite Dalmanites sp. with its characteristic tail 22 6 Rev. W. S. Symonds (President) and Mr. M. J. Scobie (Hon. Secretary) who 23 addressed the Club at the first field meeting on 18 May 1852 Notes on the former Hereford Market Hall and the Tolsey Fig. 1 The location of the Market Hall, taken from Isaac Taylor's map of 1757 26 2 The earliest known representation of the Market Hall, taken from Thomas 28 Dingley's manuscript of c.1680 3 Information about the city guilds, taken from the Dingley manuscript 29 4 The Market Hall, as represented in a vignette on Isaac Taylor's map 31 5 The proposed side elevation of the Market Hall, taken from Francis 32 Thomas's submission 6 The end elevation of the Market Hall, as proposed by Francis Thomas 33 The Ledbury Scandal of 1606 Fig. 1 The Easter liabilities of the householders of Homend, Ledbury in 1603 42 2 Description of the collection of tithe eggs, Easter 1596 43 3 Assessment of tithes for herbage and agistments, 1598 43 4 Compositions for tithes in 1598 44 5 Two views of Abbots Lodge, formerly the Vicarage House 46 6 The Seven Stars, where Bideawhile is believed to have lived 47 Page The Romanesque Tympanum at Fownhope, Herefordshire and the functioning of the Herefordshire School of Romanesque Sculpture Fig. 1 Fownhope: general view of tympanum in 2002 53 2 Autun and Saulieu, Burgundy: capitals 55 3 Fownhope: side view of the head of the Virgin 56 4 Elkstone (Gloucs): diagram of the tympanum 58 5 St. Nicholas’s, Westgate, Gloucester: diagram of the tympanum 59 6 Kilpeck: the tympanum over the south doorway 60 7 Fownhope: the bird 63 8 Fownhope: the winged lion 63 9 Castle Frome: the Baptism of Christ 64 10 Castle Frome: the Lion of St. Mark and the Eagle of St. John 64 11 Fownhope: diagram of the tympanum to show the Trinity 65 12 Rock (Worcs): the ‘exhibitionist’ 70 13 Rock: a priest and his mentor 71 14 Rock: the Ark of the Church 72 Geophysical survey at the Chesters near Moorcourt Farm, Lyonshall Fig. 1 Upper Moorcourt and The Chesters: Location map 78 2 The Chesters: Gradiometer survey results 79 Archaeology, 2005 Fig. 1 Plan of burials at Hereford County Hospital site 83 2 Features fronting onto Bewell Street 85 LIST OF OFFICERS, 2005/2006 President: Dr. P. A. OLVER Vice-presidents: Mr. J. G. HILLABY, Dr. J. C. EISEL, Mr. B. S. SMITH, Mrs. R. E. SKELTON Central committee: Mr. C. E. ATTFIELD, Miss J. R. JONSON, Mr. G. REES, Mrs. R. E. RICHARDSON (to retire 2006); Dr. Mrs. A. D. BRIAN, Mr. G. CHARNOCK, Mrs. J. E. O`DONNELL, Mrs. M. JENKINS (to retire 2007); Mr. J. G. CALDERBANK, Mrs. R. A. LOWE, Dr. D. FOXTON, Mr. D. A. WHITEHEAD (to retire 2008);. Hon. Secretary - - - Mr. J. W. TONKIN Hon. Assistant Secretary/Treasurer Mrs. M. TONKIN Hon. Treasure - - - Mr. S. C. COOPER Hon. Auditor - - - Mr. D. HAIGH Hon. Librarians - - - Miss J. R. JONSON, Mr. G. REES Hon. Field Secretary - Mrs. B. H. HARDING Hon. Editor Mr. J. W. TONKIN (Mrs. LOWE from Nov. 2005) SECTIONAL RECORDERS Archaeology - - - Mr. R. SHOESMITH Botany - - - - Mr. P. THOMSON Buildings - - - Mr. J. W. TONKIN Entomology - - - Dr. Mrs. A. D. BRIAN Geology - - - Mr. P. THOMSON Herefordshire Field-Names - Mr. B. S. SMITH Industrial Archaeology - - Dr. J. van LAUN Medieval Settlements - - Mrs. R. E. SKELTON Mammals & Ornithology - Mrs. B. H. HARDING Address of Address of Address of Hon. Secretary: Hon. Asst. Secretary: Hon. Editor 2005: Mr. J. W. TONKIN Mrs. M. TONKIN Mr. J. W. TONKIN Chy an Whyloryon Chy an Whyloryon Chy an Whyloryon Wigmore Wigmore Wigmore Leominster Leominster Leominster HR6 9UD HR6 9UD HR6 9UD Articles intended for inclusion in future issues of the Woolhope Club Transactions should be submitted to the current editor: Mrs. R. A. Lowe, Charlton, Goodrich, Ross-on-Wye, Herefordshire, HR9 6JF. Please request a copy of Notes for Contributors to the Transactions or see the website. 1 Obituary - Peter Thomson Members of the Woolhope Club and the Hereford Nature Trust were greatly saddened to hear of the death of Peter Thomson, who died suddenly on Saturday, 5th February 2005 on returning home after attending a Club meeting. Originally trained as a geographer, he had a very wide interest in natural history and concluded his career by passing on his knowledge to younger generations at Bristol Polytechnic. He retired in 1983, and thenceforth devoted his life to natural history in Herefordshire and elsewhere—in
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