DEEPHOLE DRILLING in the Water Well, Oil & Gas, Geothermal and Exploration Markets
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DEEPHOLE DRILLING In the water well, oil & gas, geothermal and exploration markets FIRST EDITION 2015 THE ATLAS COPCO ADVANTAGE Atlas Copco’s Predator is the epitome of efficiency, safety and mobility. The API 4F licensed Predator features 220,000 lbs of hookload on an extremely mobile platform. Greater automation and hands-free pipe handling contribute to a safer working environment. www.atlascopco.com/predator Contents Foreword 2 Foreword by Jaco van der Merwe Talking technically 3 Evolution of well drilling 7 Deephole directional drilling 9 State-of-the-art well drilling technology 13 Knowing when to use DTH or rotary drilling technique 19 Tool selection 21 Ergonomics and safety 23 Pipe loader increases safety 25 Predator™ drilling system Case studies 27 Going after the hard stuff 29 XC is for ‘Extra Capabilities’ 31 Nature’s building blocks 33 Oil and gas drillers turn to ‘mixed fleet’ approach 35 Tapping into a hot market 37 Carizzo Sands–too loose to walk on but not to drill 39 Clean water for Panama 41 The antidote for arsenic 43 Best bit for the job 45 Diamonds in the rough 47 Draining saturated ground 49 Core drilling with an Atlas Copco TH60DH 51 The Water Below 55 Exploring Chile’s Norte Grande region with Atlas Copco’s RD10+ 57 Designing a versatile water well rig 61 Star of India Product specifications 64 Well drilling rigs 82 Secoroc Klaw Bits 88 Secoroc Rock Drilling Tools 122 DRILLCare 124 Service 128 Where to find us For latest updates contact your local Atlas Copco Customer Center or refer to wwdrills or www.atlascopco.com/oilandgas Produced by: Atlas Copco Drilling Solutions LLC, PO Box 462288, Garland, TX 75046, USA, Phone +1 972 496 7400. Publisher: Justin Cocchiola, [email protected] Editing team: Justin Cocchiola, Alex Grant, Shane Lein Adviser: Alex Grant, [email protected] Contributors: Alex Grant, Jaco van der Merwe, Shane Lein, Justin Cocchiola, Tom Moffit, Ray Kranzusch, Josh Marcus, Curtis Larson, Jason Palmer, Alf Stenqvist, Graeme Mckenzie, Pavel Vedeneev, Mike Millsaps all name.surname@country code.atlascopco.com Holly Wilson, Scott Ellenbecker, Joseph Bradfield, Sara Schmuck. Digital copy of Atlas Copco reference edition can be downloaded at www.atlascopco.com/wwdrills and www.atlascopco.com/oilandgas. Reproduction of individual articles only by agreement with the publisher. Layout: Rafaella Turander, ahrt informationsdesign, Örebro, Sweden, [email protected] Printed by: TigerPress, East Longmeadow, MA, www.tigerpress.com Legal notice © Copyright 2015, Atlas Copco Drilling Solutions LLC, Garland, Texas, USA. All rights reserved.Atlas Copco is committed to comply or exceed all applicable laws, rules and regulations. Photos in this publication may show situations which complies with such laws, rules and regulations in the country where the photo has been taken but not necessarily in other parts of the world. In any case think safety first and always use proper ear, eye, head and other protection to minimize risk of personal injury. This publication, as well as specifications and equipment, is subject to change without notice. All Atlas Copco product names (including but not limited to Predator, COPROD, TEAMALLOY, COP and Secoroc) are registered trademarks or trademarks of one or more Atlas Copco Group companies. With a product range saturating “the water well and oil and gas markets, we plan to use this tool Foreword to develop our business and offer training for our We at Atlas Copco are excited to present to you our first reference book for our deephole market in the water well, oil and gas, and geothermal industries. We employees and customers define deephole as drilling to depths ranging from about 300 to 10,000 feet. around the world With a product range saturating the water well and oil and gas markets, we plan to use this tool to develop our business and offer training for our employ- ees and customers around the world. Atlas Copco was founded in 1873, and has always had innovation at the core ” of its identity. In 1972, nearly 100 years after the company was founded, Atlas Copco began producing rigs for drilling gas and CBM wells. Now, as we flash forward to 2014, Atlas Copco has produced over 1,000 deephole drills for the water well and oil and gas industry within the last two decades. Customer interaction, training, new product development and increasing manufacturing capacity are all important factors to help us grow. We continue to improve and develop our current product portfolio that includes our water well product line, RD20 product line, as well as the newest addition to our oil and gas product line: the Predator Drilling System. New product development is always first in mind at Atlas Copco, and it’s something that we will divert great attention to in years to come. Whether it’s improving our current fleet or looking into different solutions to help our customers, our engineering and marketing team has been working to better understand our target markets. Our teams have been traveling around the world to meet our key customers and sales companies to discuss their needs and wants in the oil and gas, water well, geothermal, and exploration markets. In an ever-changing environment, we at Atlas Copco are working to adapt and grow with the changes our deephole customers face. We will continue to strive to offer the best products for our customers, and carry on with educat- ing our employees and customers on our product offerings. We’re excited about the possible synergies we can extract from the larger Atlas Copco organization, specifically with our colleagues involved with rock drilling tools, compressors, and rental. You will see those synergies come together in this book, and we will continue to contact our key custom- ers and sales companies around the world to discuss the deephole business. We encourage feedback from our production and maintenance personnel who work with our rigs to help guide our improvements, and hope to be able to share our mutual success stories in future editions of our Deephole Well Drilling reference guide. We hope you enjoy the first edition. Jaco van der Merwe Vice President Marketing – Deephole Drills Atlas Copco Drilling Solutions LLC [email protected] TALKING TECHNICALLY Evolution of well drilling The need for energy inspired the modern innovations that replaced shovels as water well tools Western Civilization relied on dig- ging techniques to construct their wells until the nineteenth century. Since then, the ever-increasing need for hydrocarbon-based fuel sources has rapidly driven innova- tions in technology and technique to make almost any resource ac- cessible to the modern driller. Today’s well drilling practices can be traced back to the copper digging tools of early civilization, though their evolu- tion was not at all a steady progression. It Earliest springpole drill design from which modern rotary and percussion drill rigs evolved had these basic began with the search for water. components: (1) pole (shown in return position; (2) anchor; (3) springpole (shown during impact stroke); (4) fulcrum; (5) stirrup; (6) rope; (7) cutting tools. Earliest documented wells Archeologists discovered the earliest led to destinations such as cropland. system called the spring pole method known man-made watering hole in the Vertical shafts created along the tun- was first documented in 1806 for a well-preserved Neolithic community of nel’s path during its construction could brine well by salt manufacturers David Atlit Yam, off the coast of Israel. Found be used later to access drinking water. and Joseph Ruffner. The brothers su- submerged 30 feet (10 m) underwater in This technique was imitated through- spended a steel cutting tool from a the Mediterranean’s sandy seafloor, the out Arabia and into Europe, Africa and rope attached to a small, springy tree site features a stone water well dug to Asia. trunk. Its base secured in the ground, 18 feet (5.5 meters). The 9,000-year-old the trunk was propped over a fulcrum well is the oldest ancestor of record for Predecessors to cable rigs to position its tip over the hole. Stirrups all wells today. tied to the tip allowed the Ruffners to By 2000 BC the Persians had de- About this same time, China developed drop the tool in the hole by kicking vised underground water collection and an effective percussion drilling tech- downward. The spring pole returned conveyance tunnels called qanat. The nique. Heavy chiseling and crushing the tool upward for the next kick. qanat protected the water from high tools suspended from bamboo frame- Using this simple reciprocation drill- surface evaporation rates, making it works were dropped repeatedly into a ing technique, the Ruffners completed possible to sustain populations in arid hole. The ancient drillers successfully a 58-foot-deep (17.7 m) well in about 18 regions. used this method to drill to 3,000 feet months, advancing more than 40 feet From a contemporary perspective, (900 m) vertical depth. The design dem- (12 m) of the well through bedrock. the qanat might be considered the an- onstrates the fundamental operating Various mechanisms were added to cient predecessor of the production la- principle of modern cable drilling rigs. the Ruffners’ spring pole drill design teral. Long, slightly graded tunnels be- Digging remained the chief form to turn the bit for more efficient drill- gan beneath the water table on one of well making in the West until the ing and to mechanize reciprocation. A end. Water seeping into the tunnel was 1800s. A percussion-based drilling competing percussion system called DEEPHOLE DRILLING 3 TALKING TECHNICALLY reestablish efficient drilling perfor- mance or to prepare a dirty hole for casing.