Ardgowan National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan

Ardgowan national historic site of canada Management Plan

m ay 2 0 0 5

Ardgowan national historic site o f c a na d a Management Plan ii

©Her Majesty the Queen in right of Library and Archives Canada Canada, represented by the Chief Cataloguing in Publication Executive Officer of Parks Canada, 2005. Parks Canada. Atlantic Service Centre

Cette publication est aussi disponible Ardgowan National Historic Site of en français. Canada : Management Plan

For more information about the Site Issued also in French under title: Management Plan or about Ardgowan Lieu historique national du Canada National Historic Site of Canada: Ardgowan : plan directeur

Ardgowan National Historic ISBN 0-662-38622-1 Site of Canada CAT. NO. R64-303/2004E 2 Palmers Lane Charlottetown, PE 1. Ardgowan National Historic Site C1A 5V6 (Charlottetown, P.E.I.) – Management. 2. National parks and reserves – Prince Tel: (902) 566-7050 Edward Island – Management. Fax: (902) 566-7226 3. National parks – [email protected] Canada – Management. www.pc.gc.ca 4. Historic sites – Canada – Management. I. Title.

2614.A73 2004 333.78’097175 C2004-980335-2

Front Cover Image Credits

Left: Parks Canada, 2001; centre: Parks Canada; right: National Archives of Canada Background: National Archives of Canada Ardgowan iii National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan

Foreword

Canada’s national historic sites, national parks and national marine conservation areas represent the soul of our country. They are a central part of who we are and what we are. They are places of beauty and wonder and heritage. Each tells its own story. Together, they con- nect Canadians to our roots, to our future and to each other. We see a future in which each of the national historic sites of Canada, whether federally owned or not, enjoys sound commemorative health, and in which our system of sites evolves as our country evolves. Our national historic sites will be places for all Canadians to experience and learn from. They will help our communities to be vibrant and creative, and contribute to our efforts to revitalize Canada’s cities. Together, we will hold these places in trust for this and future generations, while ensuring they contribute to Canada’s sustainable economy and environmental health. Our vision is also for each of Canada’s unique terrestrial and marine regions to be represented by at least one national park or national marine conservation area, for all national parks to be in sound ecological health, for all NMCAs to promote the ecologically sustainable use of our marine resources in a way that harmonizes conservation practices with human activities, and for both national parks and NMCAs to be places for all Canadians to experience and enjoy. These principles form the foundation of the new management plan for Ardgowan National Historic Site of Canada. May I offer my appreciation to the vast range of thoughtful Canadians who helped develop this plan. I am especially grateful to our very dedicated team from Parks Canada and to all those local organizations and individuals who have demonstrated such good will, hard work, spirit of cooperation and extraordinary sense of stewardship. In that same spirit of partnership and responsibility, I am pleased to approve the Ardgowan National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan.

Stéphane Dion Minister of the Environment iv Ardgowan National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan

Recommendations

Recommended by:

Alan Latourelle Chief Executive Officer Parks Canada

David Lipton Field Unit Superintendent Prince Edward Island Field Unit, Parks Canada vi Ardgowan vii National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan

Executive Summary

Ardgowan, the home of William Henry Pope from 1854 to 1873, was designated a national historic site in 1966 as the symbolic home of a Father of Confederation in Prince Edward Island. Ardgowan, located in the City of Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, is one of twelve homes of Fathers of Confederation that have been commemorated as national historic sites in the Maritimes, Ontario and Quebec. Despite tangible links to the story of Confederation, Ardgowan National Historic Site of Canada (nhsc) is not well recognized among sites and attractions promoting the Ardgowan was the home of a Prince Edward Island Father of “Birthplace of Confederation” theme that Confederation W.H. Pope. Parks Canada has been widely adopted in Charlottetown and on the Island. Ardgowan nhsc has long change in the offer, enhanced heritage pres- served as the centre for Parks Canada admin- entation at the site will be explored, such as istrative and information services on Prince development of a self-guided tour, renewed Edward Island, housing staff offices. The non-personal programming and personal exterior of the house and the mid-Victorian- programming or special events offered in era rehabilitated grounds are open to the conjunction with third parties. Efforts will be public. made to encourage visitation by those who This first management plan for the site have a clear understanding of the modest strives to provide strategic direction to site site offer yet have an interest in the historic managers on how to ensure the commemora- significance of the site and its gardens. A tive integrity of Ardgowan nhsc through the Landscape Management Plan will be prepared protection of the valued heritage qualities to provide more detailed direction on long- and the provision of an appropriate level of term maintenance and rejuvenation of the heritage presentation, as well as how to pro- grounds and comprehensive consideration of vide other visitor services while continuing how to most effectively use the grounds for to serve as the administrative centre for Parks heritage presentation and visitor orientation. Canada on the Island. The management plan Site managers will strive to improve links was developed by a multi-disciplinary plan- between the site and other heritage attrac- ning team with public input. tions and organizations in Charlottetown, In general, Ardgowan nhsc is well pro- particularly on the theme of “Birthplace of tected and well maintained, known by local Confederation.” Off-site audiences will learn residents for its beautiful gardens and rec- more about Ardgowan nhsc through curricu- ognized as the administrative heart of Parks lum material developed in collaboration with Canada on the Island. However, the site educators and through an enhanced Web site. possesses a weak heritage presentation and The implementation of the proposed visitor service offer that merits reconsidera- actions in this management plan is contingent tion and rejuvenation. Although the low level upon the availability of resources or the avail- of visitation makes it hard to justify much ability of third-party collaboration. Broad viii Executive Summary

implementation priorities are indicated in • work in collaboration with others to com- the management plan, and the public will be municate key messages about Ardgowan advised of progress in realizing the manage- at thematically related sites and attrac- ment plan. tions, and cooperatively develop heritage presentation tools • work with educators on the preparation Highlights of the management direction: of appropriate curriculum materials to improve school-aged children’s under- Heritage Resource Protection standing of Ardgowan nhsc • continue to maintain and protect the cultural resources of national historic External Relations and Visitor Services significance, both the exterior of the house • encourage visitation at Ardgowan nhsc and the original interior elements, as well to an appropriate level, through use of as other cultural resources of the site promotional tools that shape realistic • review and update the Conservation expectations of the site and are targeted and Maintenance Manual, and develop to visitors with an interest in the historic a Maintenance Management Plan for the significance and the unique grounds of cultural resources and the built heritage the site of Ardgowan nhsc • work to ensure that promotional efforts • maintain an awareness of development of of Parks Canada or of other agencies or changes of use on adjacent properties and organizations pertaining to the and work with owners and appropri- “Birthplace of Confederation” theme ate authorities to try to ensure that use include Ardgowan nhsc and development are compatible with • explore the possibility of providing acces- and sensitive to the heritage character of sible public washroom facilities that do Ardgowan nhsc not impair the built heritage or rehabilitated landscape Heritage Presentation • evaluate and, depending on the avail- Operations and Administration ability of funds, revise or recapitalize • continue to position Ardgowan nhsc as as required the on-site non-personal the headquarters for administration and media to ensure that key messages and information services for Parks Canada on other heritage values associated with Prince Edward Island Ardgowan nhsc are communicated; • ensure that future interventions at the develop a self-guiding tour brochure for site, including any improvements for the site workplace needs and visitor comfort, will • approach other groups and agencies to be designed to avoid impairment to the explore the possibility of offering per- commemorative integrity of the site sonal programming and special events at Ardgowan nhsc • develop and improve the Web site educational content Ardgowan ix National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan

Table of Contents

Foreword ...... iii Recommendations ...... v Executive Summary ...... vii

1.0 introduction 1.1 Background ...... 1 1.2 Site Location and Context ...... 2 1.3 Historical Background ...... 2 1.4 Importance in the National Historic Sites System ...... 5 1.5 Legislative and Policy Basis for National Historic Site Management Planning ...... 6

2.0 commemorative Integrity 2.1 Parks Canada’s Commitment to Commemorative Integrity ...... 9 2.2 Summary of the Commemorative Integrity Statement ...... 9 A. Designated Place ...... 10 B. Level I In Situ Resources ...... 10 C. Level II Resources ...... 11 D. Messages ...... 12 2.3 Commemorative Integrity Statement as a Framework for Management Planning ...... 13

3.0 Vision ...... 15

4.0 Strategic Direction for Ensuring Commemorative Integrity and Site management 4.1 Protection of Cultural Resources ...... 17 A. Designated Place and Level I Cultural Resources ...... 17 B. Level II Resources: Landscape ...... 19 C. Level II Resources: Other Resources and Values ...... 20 4.2 Engaging Canadians ...... 22 A. On-site Heritage Presentation ...... 22 B. Off-site Heritage Presentation and Outreach ...... 25 C. External Relations ...... 25 D. Collaboration and Partnerships ...... 27 4.3 Visitation and Visitor Services ...... 28 4.4 Operations and Administration ...... 30

5.0 impact Evaluation and Environmental Assessment ...... 31

6.0 implementation ...... 33 Table of Contents

List of Participants ...... 35

Appendix 1 Homes of Fathers of Confederation that are National Historic Sites ...... 37

Appendix 2 Inventory and Evaluation of Cultural Resources...... 39

Reference Maps Map 1 Regional Setting ...... 3 Map 2 Local Setting ...... 4 Map 3 Site Plan ...... 10 Ardgowan National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Background Ardgowan1, the home of William Henry Pope from 1854 to 1873, was designated a national historic site in 1966 as the symbolic home of a Father of Confederation in Prince Edward Island. The Fathers of Confederation were the colonial politicians who participated in the first meetings held in Charlottetown in1864 that led to the Confederation of Canada in 1867. The commemoration of William Henry Pope’s home was part of a program that was initiated during the 1960s by the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada (hsmbc) to gain recognition for the homes of Sir John A. Macdonald and Sir George- Étienne Cartier, and that was expanded to the protection of significant examples of other homes of Fathers of Confederation. Twelve homes of Fathers of Confederation have been commemorated as national historic sites in 2 the Maritimes, Ontario and Quebec. The William Henry Pope. National Archives of Canada Fathers of Confederation themselves have team considered past management guid- been commemorated as persons of national ance, such as Pope House National Historic historic significance. William Henry Pope was Site Provisional Development Plan (c. 1973), commemorated in this way in 1939. Plaques Ardgowan Management Guidelines (1979), commemorating Pope and other Island Conservation and Maintenance Manual (1982), Fathers of Confederation are located on the Ardgowan National Historic Park Grounds grounds of Province House National Historic Maintenance Manual (1987), Province House Site of Canada (nhsc), Charlottetown. These National Historic Site Service Plan (1992), commemorations contribute to our under- Heritage Presentation Plan, Parks Canada, PEI standing of the history of the Governing of Field Unit (2001) and the Commemorative Canada (Politics and the Political Process), Integrity Statement, which was approved in one of the five themes of Canadian history 2001. In 1992, the Federal Heritage Buildings that are collectively illustrated by the national Review Office fhbro( ) evaluated Ardgowan historic sites, persons and events in Canada. as a “recognized” federal building for its This is the first management plan for heritage qualities; fhbro guidelines provide Ardgowan National Historic Site of Canada additional consideration for management of (nhsc). During the development of the the house. The management plan is a product management plan, the management planning of a process begun in July 2001, undertaken

1 Ardgowan in Gaelic is considered to mean “hill of the daisy.” 2 See Appendix 1 for a list of other homes of Fathers of Confederation that are similarly commemorated. 1.1 Background

by a multi-disciplinary team, and reflect- grounds was undertaken from 1980 to 1982 ing input received during periods of public with the aim of commemorating the home of consultation. an Island Father of Confederation through This management plan for Ardgowan presentation of the exterior of the rehabili- nhsc provides long-term direction to site tated house and grounds. Higher rehabili- managers. Strategic direction is offered to tation standards were set for the two front guide conservation and presentation activi- ground-floor rooms and the second-storey ties necessary to ensure the commemorative room in the west wing. Much of the rest of integrity of this national historic site. As the house, in particular the rear wings and well, the management plan helps managers the basement, had badly deteriorated and respond to operational needs and coopera- was substantially rebuilt. tive opportunities. The management plan The largely rebuilt interior of the house offers a framework within which subsequent was adapted for use as office space for Parks management, implementation and detailed Canada staff, and in 1994 office space was planning will take place. The proposals of added with the reconstruction of the east this management plan will be implemented wing of the house. For the past twenty years, as the financial capacity of Parks Canada, the house has accommodated the administra- Prince Edward Island Field Unit permits. tive functions of the Prince Edward Island Field Unit. Visitors may tour the grounds of Ardgowan nhsc, but the interior of the house 1.2 SITE LOCATION AND CONTEXT is not open to visits by the touring public. Ardgowan nhsc is located in the City of Along with Province House nhsc and Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, in a other heritage and tourism attractions in residential neighbourhood approximately Charlottetown, Ardgowan nhsc is asso- 2 km northeast of the city centre (See Map 2: ciated with the theme of “Birthplace of Local Setting). The two-hectare property is Confederation.” This theme has been widely what remains of the approximately thirty- adopted in recent years by those who market one hectares leased by William Henry Pope and promote Prince Edward Island and at the time of the Charlottetown Conference Charlottetown. Although Ardgowan nhsc in September 1864. The property is bordered has a tangible and authentic link to this to the north and south by quiet residential theme, the site is not well visited due to a lack streets, Palmers Lane and Confederation of service offer, the distance of the site from Street, to the east by Parkdale Elementary other sites and attractions in the downtown School, and to the west by Mount Edward core and a lack of awareness of the role Road. Across Mount Edward Road from Ardgowan played in the events surrounding Ardgowan nhsc is the Experimental Farm the Charlottetown Conference that led and the Ravenwood estate, the latter a to Confederation. municipal heritage resource and Federal Heritage Buildings Review Office “recognized” building. Of the 65-hectare property, 1.3 Historical Background 35.6 hectares including Ravenwood have The house at Ardgowan appears to been declared surplus by Agriculture and have been built after 1850 and before Agri-Foods Canada, and the future of the site William Henry Pope leased the estate from is uncertain. (See Map 3: Site Plan). its owner John Brecken in November 1854. The house and property were acquired by The terms of the lease indicate that some the federal government in 1967. At that time, structures (“houses, outhouses, buildings, the house was badly deteriorated and only yards, gardens, fences”) were already located approximately two hectares remained of the on the property. Pope and his growing family original estate. The only surviving outbuild- lived at Ardgowan until 1873, when they ing was a small barn/carriage house located moved to Summerside after Pope’s appoint- behind and to the west of the house. A major ment as a judge of the Prince County Court. rehabilitation program for the house and Pope died in Summerside in 1879. In 1863, Ardgowan National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan e g r o e G

s p

a d

n a

w l

C s

h I

g n

i e

h l

H a t d

r g s

k a o d

s M r

a e d a e

N t

n h a a P t

a d o l o

o T a C a R  R - n n r s a y o o i n r j C t r a a a f r e o F T M N s e r t e i s v S i i r R c i u r e o o e t S r s i h T H

l t  a a n a o i t m a o R N n a y g i a u d d o n B r t a a c l i a s C P I d a n a C r s u u k o o r t u b a c r o A i P a b i

e P D E y r

H u s b a A  d g C d C n a N e t

a h r l t n A

c d s s

I i t N o

r a s C i d

w n M n o

n a E i F

e C

m 

m e O

W f

A r d R

a o t a

e G r E

S k s o e

- r T e F s t e

W a I i – u

h P S e t S

o l - y A c H

y a i o r C b

J n e I o - - L

c o 1 t

y i a N n s

l t R i a i

- a v v t H l W O r

o N l a r . o

T I a O P D P

n E T S T

o P I i E t S a H 2 3 T N 1 N T A L O A W L N O R F O G a A I d D 2 D H T a O d n A C R n N a a A N l C A s f I o m L 3 d 1 k r k r F a S 5 a I w 1 P

L t d

l i E a a n e U c o

D r 0 i n t 1 t i G a r R

P N S A 5 W

D d 1 0

E n a l r E e A A

D b I C A

N m T N A I

C u O

F h R O rt C P E S

T o I g S N n C i I t R t A O e

S e V S

I g

l d

H i

N r O a B

n n

n o

A i

W t

e N

o a N

d r 1 O

r e O

G d

o e g

T f

B n A e

A o R C A N R M e d i s r e m m e u t r 6 S 1 e V e i a h B s i n g i T 4 0 1 n t i s g l r E e t h r o m P t A K n o y C a m I B g E W W

E n

N a

N B

l d

U l

i n

v l r

R e

2 m c u B C a S 1.3 Historical Background

Confederation Trail ARDGOWAN e NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE OF CANADA nu ve e A Lan ers 2 ere lm d M Pa lve on St. Be o ati u r d n e ed a t f Experimental Con o R Farm d a t o E ee d R tr s w S r r a e e Parkdale r ow t d G e t n e P Research e o Str t g U Station ey rl n n R a . i H t i o s v S a n e d r e s K i t Ravenwood y

et e tre u A S n v n C e e e o ll n v n A f e A u de e ra ti on T ra il Be lmon h t t Pa r rk o Street w

t ee tr S oy t zr ee it r F St t t n ee Ke r St on et ft e a tr r S G d t n ee o tr hm S ic Q R n u o e st e u n E S t re e t Province House P G r re in a c t e G S e t o re rg e e t S t re e t Charlottetown Harbour

North

MAP 2

ARDGOWAN NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE OF CANADA CHARLOTTETOWN, PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND Local Setting 0 1 2 3 4 5 km Ardgowan National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan

Pope’s brother James Colledge Pope had assumed the lease on the property and in 1875 he exercised the option to purchase the land, which he subsequently subdivided and sold in 1879. Ardgowan was William Henry Pope’s home at the time of the Charlottetown Conference in September 1864. George Brown, one of the leaders of the Canadian delega- tion,3 stayed at Ardgowan during the conference and a letter to his wife provides a written snapshot of the Pope family and their home. Although Brown expressed Ardgowan in the 1880s. National Archives of Canada surprise at the fact that Pope’s wife Helen Desbrisay Pope had never travelled east wing of the main house was moved to from Prince Edward Island, he noted that form part of a neighbouring residence. she was ”amazingly civilized” and that In 1939, the Historic Sites and Monuments her eight “strong, vigorous, intelligent & Board of Canada (hsmbc) recommended the good looking children” benefited from the designation of the Fathers of Confederation, “beautiful grounds” and “capital library” including William Henry Pope, as persons of that Ardgowan possessed. Brown was also national historic significance. In October1966 , present at the luncheon at Ardgowan that the the hsmbc recommended Ardgowan for Popes gave for the conference delegates, who designation as a national historic site and were wined and dined with “oysters, lobster, possible acquisition of the site as the symbolic & champagne & other island luxuries.” home of a Father of Confederation in Prince Although much altered over the years, Edward Island, a recommendation that was Ardgowan still illustrates elements of accepted and realized. its original design, based on the ideas of American landscape architect and designer Andrew Jackson Downing. Downing’s two 1.4 importance in the National books, Cottage Residences (1842) and The Historic Sites System Architecture of Country Houses (1850), con- Ardgowan National Historic Site of Canada tained examples of the so-called “picturesque is part of a broad-ranging program of com- cottage” or cottage ornée style. Elements of this memoration including national historic sites style were exhibited in the original design and persons and events of national historic of Ardgowan, consisted of a single-storey, significance. There is a family of912 national four-bay centre block with front verandah historic sites nation-wide, of which Parks flanked by two-storey wings with hipped Canada administers 153 and has contributed gables. The floor plan, the board and batten to many more through cost-sharing agree- siding and the Gothic Revival detailing found ments. The stewardship of national historic in the chimneys and verandah fretwork were sites is shared, as these places are variously characteristic of Downing’s designs. The bay owned by federal, provincial and municipal windows on the front elevations of the wings governments, by businesses and by private were not original to the house, but appear to citizens. have been added at an early date. Over the Each national historic site has had a years, additions were made to the rear of the nationally significant impact on Canadian house to provide additional service areas and history or illustrates a nationally important bedrooms. Early in the twentieth century the aspect of the history of Canada. Collectively, national historic sites commemorate

3 The separate provinces of present-day Ontario and Quebec were then known collectively as the province of Canada. 1.4 Importance in the National Historic Sites System

thousands of years of human history and a the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of rich variety of themes, spanning political, Canada, a statutory advisory body composed economic, intellectual, cultural and social of members representing all provinces and life. Ardgowan has links to other national territories. historic sites, including Province House nhsc (Charlottetown), other homes of Fathers of Canada National Parks Act Confederation that have been designated Ardgowan nhsc was gazetted as a national national historic sites (listed in Appendix historic site under Part II of the National 1), and persons of national historic signifi- Parks Act (1967), now under section 42 of the cance, including William Henry Pope and Canada National Parks Act (2000). National the other Prince Edward Island Fathers of Historic Sites General Regulations and National Confederation. Historic sites capture the Historic Sites Wildlife and Domestic Animals spirit and house the physical remains of our Regulations apply at Ardgowan nhsc. shared past, serving as powerful symbols of our identity, an inheritance of all Canadians Parks Canada Agency Act recognized under an act of Parliament. Under the Parks Canada Agency Act (1998), Parks Canada has a mandated responsibility for ensuring the commemorative integrity of 1.5 Legislative and Policy Basis for National national historic sites. In accordance with this Historic Site Management Planning Act, every national historic site administered National historic sites in Canada must adhere by the Agency prepares a management plan to national legislation. Planning, manage- to be tabled in Parliament once every five years, ment and operation of the sites are guided which is reviewed every five years. by Parks Canada policy. The legislative and policy context described below is common The management plan is prepared with to all national historic sites administered by guidance from the Parks Canada Guide to Parks Canada. Management Planning (2000), and in accordance with Parks Canada’s current policy, Goal of Management Planning described in Parks Canada Guiding Principles Management plans for national historic sites and Operational Policies (1994). Three sets of owned and/or administered by Parks Canada policy pertain to the Ardgowan nhsc man- are mandated under law as a means to ensure agement plan: National Historic Sites Policy, the site’s commemorative integrity, including Cultural Resource Management Policy and the application of cultural resource manage- Federal Heritage Buildings Policy. ment principles and practice, while guiding the provision of appropriate opportunities National Historic Sites Policy for appreciation and enjoyment of the site. Canada’s system of national historic sites This management plan presents the direction preserves and presents tangible and symbolic that will guide Parks Canada and its partners aspects of our nation’s cultural heritage. The in the protection, presentation and manage- National Historic Sites Policy outlines the ment of Ardgowan nhsc and its associated objectives of a national program of histori- resources in order to ensure the commemo- cal commemoration, provides guidelines for rative integrity of this national historic site. the evaluation of the program including the Public input is an integral part of the manage- concept of commemorative integrity, and ment planning process. outlines the roles and responsibilities for the recognition, designation and commemora- Historic Sites and Monuments Act tion of sites, persons and events of national The Historic Sites and Monuments Act provides significance. The Government of Canada’s the minister responsible with the legislated objectives for national historic sites are: mandate to designate “historic places,” or to • to foster knowledge and appreciation of bring them into being. Such designations Canada’s past through a national pro- are usually made on the recommendation of gram of historical commemoration Ardgowan National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan

• to ensure the commemorative integrity Cultural resource management is an of national historic sites administered by integrated and holistic approach to the man- Parks Canada by protecting and present- agement of cultural resources. It applies to ing them for the benefit, education and all activities that have an impact on cultural enjoyment of this and future generations, resources whether they relate to protection, in a manner that respects the significant maintenance, appreciation or use. The five and irreplaceable legacy represented by principles of cultural resource management these places and their associated resources are not mutually exclusive; rather they work • to encourage and support the protection most effectively when considered together. and presentation by others of places of Cultural resource management is integral to national historic significance that are not the successful management of national his- administered by Parks Canada. toric sites, and should be practised by Parks Canada staff and partners in all co-operative Cultural Resource Management Policy or shared-management activities. To ensure that national historic sites and their associated resources and values are Federal Heritage Buildings Policy protected and presented appropriately, Parks The federal government is committed to Canada has developed a Cultural Resource protecting the heritage character of federal Management Policy. Cultural resource man- buildings by promoting long-term use of agement is built around values, practices these buildings in ways that preserve their and activities. The five guiding principles heritage character. Accordingly, the Treasury are value, public benefit, understanding, Board Heritage Buildings Policy requires the respect, and integrity. The practice of cultural evaluation of the heritage value of all federal resource management requires that cultural buildings forty years or older. This policy resources be identified and evaluated, and is administered by the Federal Heritage that their historic value be duly considered Buildings Review Office fhbro( ), an inter- in all actions that might affect them. The departmental advisory group within the Parks Cultural Resource Management Policy also Canada Agency. A structure evaluated as a provides guidance on activities such as cor- heritage building is either “classified” – the porate direction, planning, research, conser- highest level of recognition – or “recognized.” vation and presentation. A building that is assessed but does not meet the criteria for recognition may be referred to simply as “not heritage.” The evaluation of a building assists Parks Canada in determin- ing how these cultural resources should be protected and used. Ardgowan National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan

2.0 Commemorative Integrity

2.1 Parks Canada’s Commitment to in October 1966 that the hsmbc first discussed Commemorative Integrity commemorating Ardgowan as a national Parks Canada’s primary responsibility at historic site, as the minutes of the meeting Ardgowan nhsc is to ensure its commemo- indicate: rative integrity. Commemorative integrity The Board recommended that this struc- refers to the condition or state of a national ture [Ardgowan, home of William Henry Pope, historic site when the site is healthy and Charlottetown, P.E.I.] be declared of national whole. A national historic site possesses historic importance and that the Minister explore commemorative integrity when: ways and means to acquire it as the symbolic • the resources directly related to the reasons house of a Father of Confederation in Prince for designation as a national historic site Edward Island. are not impaired or under threat The Statement of Commemorative Intent • the reasons for designation as a national for Ardgowan nhsc is as follows: historic site are effectively communicated Ardgowan, the home of William Henry Pope, to the public was designated a national historic site in 1966. • the site’s heritage values (including those The reason for national significance is: as the sym- not related to designation as a national bolic home of a Father of Confederation in Prince historic site) are respected in all decisions Edward Island. and actions affecting the site. Ardgowan was evaluated as a “recognized” building by the Federal Heritage Buildings Review Office in1992 . 2.2 Summary of the Commemorative The Commemorative Integrity Statement Integrity Statement is an elaboration of what is meant by commemorative integrity for a particular national Statement of Commemorative Intent historic site and must be prepared for all A site’s national historic significance is national historic sites administered by Parks described in a Statement of Commemorative Canada. The Commemorative Integrity Intent. The rationale for the Statement of Statement for Ardgowan nhsc, approved Commemorative Intent is contained in in 1997, defines the site’s designated place4, recommendations by the Historic Sites and identifiesin situ cultural resources and his- Monuments Board of Canada (hsmbc) to toric objects of national significance and with the minister responsible or is gleaned from other heritage values, and provides a clear minutes of Board meetings. As early as 1938 description of where the historic value of the the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of resources lies and those conditions neces- Canada discussed the commemoration of sary to avoid impairment of these values. As personages of importance associated with well, the Commemorative Integrity Statement Confederation; in 1939, the Board specifi- identifies the reasons for the national historic cally recommended the commemoration of designation of the site that should be com- William Henry Pope. It was at their meeting municated, as well as messages not related to

4 Designated place, or historic place, refers to the place designated by the responsible minister on the recommendation of the hsmbc. Information on what constitutes the designated place for a particular national historic site is drawn from the minutes of the hsmbc. (From the Parks Canada Guide to the Preparation of Commemorative Integrity Statements (2002)) 10 2.2 Summary of the Commemorative Integrity Statement

Palmers Lane

Service Entrance North Gate

Parking Lot Carriage Rehabilitated Orchard House

Service Vegetable Area Garden Area Orientation Sign Parkdale Administrative Elementary Entrance d School Property a o R

d ARDGOWAN Reconstructed r

a East Wing

w Interpretive d

E Exhibit HSMBC Plaque t n u o

M Interpretive Sign Experimental Farm Historic Landscape Core ( Parkdale Research Station ) Rehabilitated Area

Croquet Lawn

Confederation Street

MAP 3 Designated Place Trees, Shrub ARDGOWAN NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE OF CANADA CHARLOTTETOWN, PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND Chain Link Fence Trails 0 5 10 15 20 25 m Site Plan Picket Fence with Gate Lawn

the reasons for designation, and indicators for also valued for its contribution to understand- their effective communication. ing Ardgowan as the home of a prominent mid-19th-century politician. Ardgowan was A. Designated Place once part of a substantial estate situated on The designated place at Ardgowan nhsc con- the outskirts of Charlottetown. The rehabili- sists of the house as it was in 1966, tated gardens, composed of the remaining delineated by its footprint (i.e., without landscape and recreated landscape ele- the east wing and the single bay of the ments, enhance the Victorian character of the central section added in 1994). Ardgowan grounds. Maintenance of the landscape is is valued because it was the home of integral to the commemorative integrity of William Henry Pope, an Island Father of Ardgowan nhsc. Confederation, and is the only surviving home of an Island Father of Confederation B. Level I In Situ Resources that was occupied by that individual at the The Level I in situ resources at Ardgowan time of the Charlottetown Conference. The nhsc are synonymous with the designated open landscape surrounding Ardgowan is place: the building envelope of the house Ardgowan 11 National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan

Fathers of Confederation during the Charlottetown Conference, Fanningbank. W.H. Pope is in the back row, second from right. National Archives of Canada

(excluding the 1994 addition) and its original C. Level II Resources elements. The house was extensively rehabili- Level II resources are those resources that tated between 1980 and 1982 to are not associated with reasons for the commemorate the home of an Island Father national significance of the site but which of Confederation; the rebuilt interior provides have local or regional associations, historical office space for the Prince Edward Island significance and aesthetic or environmental Field Unit of Parks Canada. The two major qualities that are valued. At Ardgowan nhsc, rooms in the west wing and the centre room Level II resources include the architecture of on the ground floor retain their original the house, the landscape and landscape fea- layout and much of their 19th-century char- tures, the barn/carriage house and excavated acter. Most of the framing, windows, doors archaeological resources.5 and trim in these rooms is original and has been refurbished, as have been most of the Built/In Situ Resources door and window hardware, the marbleized The architecture of Ardgowan may be con- slate mantelpieces and a chandelier in the sidered a Level II value. The original design west wing. The wall surfaces in these areas of Ardgowan was based on the ideas of are plaster and the cornices and centrepieces American landscape architect and designer were recreated based on the remains of the Andrew Jackson Downing, as popularized originals in place at that time. On the exte- in his 1842 book Cottage Residences and later rior, the trim on the verandah, front door in the 1850 publication of The Architecture and window was retained. The chimneys of Country Houses. The plan, the board and were reconstructed replicating their original batten siding, and the Gothic Revival detail- appearance and the exterior cladding was ing found in the chimneys, verandah fret- replaced in keeping with the original. work, and bay windows were characteristic Ardgowan is valued as the home of of Downing’s designs. Although modified William Henry Pope, and as the site of a over time, the residence retains essential ele- luncheon given by Pope for the delegates to ments of its original appearance. It is recog- the Charlottetown Conference in September nized for its cottage ornée style. 1864. The specific elements of the exterior and interior that retain 19th-century fabric Landscape and Landscape Features are valued, as well as the room layout and Ardgowan nhsc consists of only part of the overall appearance. estate as it existed in William Henry Pope’s time. Subsequent occupants made changes to the landscape at Ardgowan but historical

5 It should be noted that in the State of the Parks 1997 Report the barn/carriage house and landscape and landscape features were ascribed a Level I value. A reconsideration of the cultural resources during the development of the Commemorative Integrity Statement for the site led to a re-evaluation of these resources to Level II. Also, there are no historic objects stored on-site. See Appendix 2 for the inventory and evaluation of the known cultural resources associated with Ardgowan nhsc. 12

illustrations suggest that the area between the site is a small barn/carriage house, approxi- house and present-day Confederation Street mately 9m long by 6m wide, situated behind remains essentially unchanged from Pope’s and to the west of the house. This structure time. In this area are elements such as the may be original to the period of occupation curving driveway leading to the house from by William Henry Pope. Mount Edward Road, the circular driveway It has been extensively repaired several times and hedge in front of the house, and the open since Parks Canada acquired the site in 1967. lawns. Some of the mature trees along the This building has value because it is the only property line and scattered throughout the surviving service building on the site and southern part of the site are likely survivors may be original to the period of occupation from Pope’s occupancy although the large by William Henry Pope. Historical documen- catalpas are known to have been planted by tation concerning the original location is con- a subsequent owner. Rehabilitation of the tradictory. There is not enough information to grounds relied on reference material dating definitely state the exact, original location of to after Pope’s occupation of the property. the barn during Pope’s era. The rehabilitated grounds may be considered representative of the “mid-Victorian era.” Archaeological Resources A croquet lawn portrayed in a 19th-century Limited archaeological excavation at the site painting of the site has been re-established. occurred in 1980-81, primarily to locate any The landscape is valued because it resources prior to construction activities and contains vestiges surviving from the era of to obtain information through pollen analy- William Henry Pope; as well, the landscape sis about vegetation historically on the site. helps to illustrate the lifestyle of well-to-do The excavation unearthed approximately 800 Victorian families and reflects the evolution fragments of glass, ceramic and metal, all of the site. representative of the late 19th century; these artifacts are maintained in Halifax in the Barn/Carriage House archaeological collections of Parks Canada. Vegetation patterns in various locations on the site suggest that there may be other archaeological resources. These artifacts are valued because they reflect the evolution of the site and may provide information on the lifestyle of William Henry Pope and his family.

Plaques and Monuments One hsmbc plaque commemorating Ardgowan nhsc is located on the front elevation of the house. The text for the plaque was prepared in 1977. This plaque reflects the federal government’s efforts to recognize Canada’s history.

Croquet hedge and rehabilitated grounds of Ardgowan. Parks Canada, 2001 D. Messages Heritage presentation is an essential part of A variety of service buildings once occupied ensuring the commemorative integrity of the grounds of Ardgowan nhsc and may a national historic site, to facilitate public have included a cottage occupied by servants, understanding of the site’s national signifi- a barn for animals and possibly a separate cance. The reason for the national historic coach house. A site plan dated 1879 shows significance of Ardgowannhsc is: three rectangular buildings, all approximately Ardgowan, the home of William Henry Pope, is the same size, located behind the main house. symbolic as the house of a Father of Confederation The only service building surviving on the in Prince Edward Island. Ardgowan 13 National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan

Ardgowan was the home of prominent 2.3 commemorative Integrity Statement as a Island politician William Henry Pope from Framework for Management Planning 1854 until 1873. In September 1864, Pope This management plan aims to provide represented Prince Edward Island at the direction to managers of Ardgowan nhsc Charlottetown Conference, the first meet- for the next ten to fifteen years, to ensure ing of colonial politicians that led, in 1867, the site’s commemorative integrity. The to the Confederation of Canada. He later Commemorative Integrity Statement for became one of the most vocal supporters Ardgowan nhsc serves as the benchmark of Confederation on Prince Edward Island. of commemorative integrity, providing Ardgowan was the site of a luncheon for the information about where value lies for the delegates of the conference. Although other designated place and the cultural resources houses still exist that were occupied by Island of the site and providing guidance on the Fathers of Confederation at various points in appropriate messages to convey the national their lives, Ardgowan is the only surviving significance of the site. Accordingly, the home of a Father of Confederation occupied Commemorative Integrity Statement must by him at the time of the conference. play a fundamental role in the selection and Other values of the site that should be choice of appropriate management actions. communicated but that are not associated The Commemorative Integrity Statement with Ardgowan’s reason for national signifi- objectives for designated place and for cul- cance are: tural resources of national significance have • Ardgowan is an example of the picturesque framed the strategic decision making in the cottage or cottage ornée style popularized management plan for Ardgowan nhsc. by the American writer, Andrew Jackson Particular management actions are Downing. not prescribed or proscribed by the • Ardgowan’s grounds have been developed to Commemorative Integrity Statement. represent a mid-Victorian garden/small subur- Management actions described in this man- ban estate and, as a result, have become a agement plan for the site have been selected popular site for public functions (e.g., summer to achieve the Commemorative Integrity garden parties, weddings). Statement objectives and to address the • Ardgowan is thematically associated with cultural resource management principles of Province House, situated approximately 2 km value, benefit, integrity, respect and under- away in central Charlottetown. standing. Proposed activities seek to ensure • Ardgowan is part of Canada’s family of that the cultural resources are not impaired or national historic sites. threatened and that messages about the site’s national historic significance are conveyed. Effective communication of reasons for the Activities that compromise the commemo- site’s national historic significance and other rative integrity of the site and that do not values will be achieved when the overall her- follow cultural resource management princi- itage presentation experience (for both visi- ples are not permitted. tors and other audiences) conveys the reasons for national significance of the site, and when the stewards of Ardgowan nhsc understand the reasons for national historic significance of the site; the effectiveness of communication of messages and their understanding needs to be monitored. 14 Ardgowan 15 National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan

3.0 Vision

Management direction for Ardgowan nhsc was developed with the guidance of a “vision” for the site. The vision is a description of the desired future for Ardgowan nhsc and captures the ideas and wishes of the site’s managers, staff, neighbours, visitors and other stakeholders. Comments received from the Canadian public during the development of the management plan were consistent with this vision.

In future: Canadians will consider Ardgowan nhsc Ardgowan. Parks Canada an integral and important part of the Confederation story. The national signifi- various off-site means. Ardgowan nhsc will cance of Ardgowan nhsc as the symbolic be promoted to prospective visitors in ways home of a Prince Edward Island Father of that help develop appropriate expectations of Confederation will be effectively communi- their visit and that help them learn why the cated, while clear links to the broader story of site is of national historic significance. Confederation will be maintained. Cultural Ardgowan nhsc will continue to serve resources of the site will continue to be pro- as and be known as the centre of adminis- tected, including the original elements of the tration and information services for Parks house and the barn/carriage house. Canada operations in Prince Edward Island; Ardgowan nhsc will be an historical the interior of the house will continue to oasis, a beautiful, peaceful place that allows accommodate offices for staff and other visitors to imagine aspects of life in mid- appropriate uses. Victorian times. The landscape will continue The properties surrounding Ardgowan to represent the mid-Victorian era, the era for nhsc should continue to be of a sympathetic which information was available to guide the scale and size so as not to detract from the rehabilitation of the grounds. ambiance of the site. Good communication A level of services and heritage presenta- and, where appropriate, cooperation with tion that is appropriate to visitor needs will neighbours, property owners and other plan- be offered at Ardgowan nhsc. Visitors to ning agencies will aim to ensure this. Ardgowan nhsc will understand why the Partnerships and collaboration will be site is considered of national historic sig- developed or strengthened with groups and nificance and understand its other values. individuals to ensure the protection of the Visitors to the site will continue to have cultural resources of Ardgowan nhsc and access to the rehabilitated grounds and to the communication of reasons for the site’s learn of the significance of Ardgowannhsc national historic significance and other in a variety of ways. Other audiences will heritage values. have opportunities to learn about Ardgowan nhsc and the Confederation story through 16 Ardgowan 17 National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan

4.0 Strategic Direction for Ensuring Commemorative Integrity and Site Management

4.1 Protection of Cultural Resources The nearby open spaces of the Experimental Farm property help convey the sense of A. Designated Place and Level I Cultural Resources Ardgowan as it would have been as a former The designated place at Ardgowan nhsc is suburban estate to the City of Charlottetown. the house limited to its 1966 footprint (i.e., However, some of these lands are consid- without the rebuilt east wing). This origi- ered surplus to the needs of Agriculture and nal part of the house and the architectural Agri-Foods Canada and may be sold. The elements thought to be original to the era future development of these surplus lands of William Henry Pope’s occupancy are could have an impact on the designated place considered the Level I cultural resources of of Ardgowan nhsc. Ardgowan nhsc. The original elements have been documented. Discussion: The modern addition was built in 1994 to The presence of Parks Canada staff at provide more office space for Parks Canada Ardgowan nhsc allows for quick identi- staff. This addition recreates the volume fication of any problems with the house. of the original house during Pope’s time, However, longer-term recapitalization replacing the east wing of the house that had projects are not as easily addressed. been removed early in the 20th century. The A Conservation and Maintenance Manual 6 designated place is affected by the presence was prepared following the original reha- of the modern addition, although for the bilitation of the house to address significant most part the addition is maintained in a interventions to the building; however, the fashion similar to the designated place. The Manual does not direct short- and long-term house accommodates the Prince Edward maintenance and conservation of the house Island Field Unit’s main administrative func- and other resources. The Manual has not tions and the headquarters of Parks & People been updated since the 1994 addition was Association Inc., the cooperating association built. There is no comprehensive and easily for Parks Canada in Prince Edward Island. accessed inventory of the specific elements The designated place and Level I cultural of Ardgowan nhsc that are of national resources remain in “good” condition as they significance. This poses a difficulty for those were assessed in the Parks Canada State of responsible for the maintenance and upkeep the Parks 1997 Report. Staff presence in the of the house. While staff consult with conser- house allows for ongoing monitoring of the vation experts who have an intimate knowl- resource, and ready identification of any edge of the built heritage and the landscape, maintenance needs. the knowledge of these experts needs to be The designated place of Ardgowan nhsc documented for future generations of manag- is influenced by land use and development ers. To ensure timely and up-to-date guidance in the surrounding area. Currently, the for any future interventions at Ardgowan Ardgowan nhsc property is bordered to the nhsc, the Conservation and Maintenance Manual north and south by residential development should be reviewed and updated to include of sympathetic scale and character; nearby a digital database (inventory) of original buildings are two to three storeys in height. elements of the interior and exterior, and

6 Conservation and Maintenance Manual for William H. Pope Residence 1850-79 (1982) B. Gallant. 18 4.1 Protection of Cultural Resources

a summary of decisions and their rationale on interventions to date. A Maintenance Management Plan should be developed, outlining ways to monitor and track the condition of cultural resources and identify short- and long-term work needs. Modifications to the buildings and grounds have been necessary and further modifications may be required to meet the demands of Ardgowan nhsc as a modern workplace (e.g., telecommunications, washrooms, accessibility, heating and cooling systems, fire suppression system). To date, Rear of house with modern additions, from orchard. Parks Canada, 2003 efforts have been made to accommodate these modifications as well as possible with • the values of the designated place are minimal impairment to the original fabric of communicated. the cultural resources. However, air condi- tioning units and hard-surfaced paths are The in situ resources are not impaired or examples of modifications that have compro- under threat when: mised the rehabilitated grounds. Best efforts • Level I cultural resources are protected need to be made in designing and imple- and managed in accordance with the menting future changes at the site to minimize Cultural Resource Management Policy impact on the house, the landscape and other • interventions at the house are compatible cultural resources. with and sensitive to its heritage character The character of the properties surround- as an example of the country-villa design ing Ardgowan nhsc contributes to the integ- popularized by Andrew Jackson Downing rity of the designated place. Future changes • all whose actions may affect the site, to neighbouring land use and development including staff and partners, recognize could have a detrimental effect on Ardgowan the potential impact of their actions and nhsc, particularly in maintaining the valued respect the cultural resources of the site ambiance of the grounds. Parks Canada • modern Parks Canada administrative should continue to participate where pos- usage does not cause further impairment sible in discussions pertaining to the rede- to historic fabric velopment or change in land use of adjacent • the original floor plan in the front sec- properties, to encourage development that is tion of the central block and west wing is sympathetic and complementary to the herit- maintained age values of Ardgowan nhsc. The future of • the values of the in situ resource are historic Ravenwood and the Royal Grove on communicated. the Experimental Farm property will be of particular importance to Ardgowan nhsc. Goal: The designated place is considered not To ensure that the designated place and impaired or under threat when: Level I cultural resources of Ardgowan nhsc • Level I cultural resources are protected are managed to the standards and practices and managed in accordance with the accepted by Parks Canada, and to seek to Cultural Resource Management Policy ensure that development adjacent to the site • developments adjacent to the designated is compatible and sensitive to its heritage place are compatible with and sensitive to character in location, design, materials its heritage character in location, design, and scale material and scale • the rehabilitated and recreated gardens surrounding the house are maintained Ardgowan 19 National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan

Management Direction: front entrance of the house. Other features, Parks Canada will: including a croquet hedge and the kitchen • continue to maintain and protect the exte- garden, orchard and service area, were recre- rior of the house (including the building ated with guidance from photographs, an in its original footprint and the addition, 1888 painting of the site9 and knowledge of and its architecture) and the original inte- 1850s garden trends in Charlottetown. The rior elements (including the original floor landscape features form the setting for the plan of the central block and west wing) house. • review and update the Conservation In general, the grounds elements are and Maintenance Manual, and develop a healthy, although the large trees are showing Maintenance Management Plan for the cul- indications of aging. In future, the city-owned tural resources and the built heritage of elms at the edges of the property may suc- Ardgowan nhsc. The Manual will identify cumb to Dutch elm disease, a disease present original and replaced fabric including the in Charlottetown. A landscape manual new wing, and the Plan will provide guid- developed after the site rehabilitation, the ance on required scheduled maintenance. Grounds Maintenance Manual, outlines routine • ensure that future interventions at the requirements for care and maintenance of site, including any improvements for the grounds, and has guided site mainte- workplace needs and visitor comfort, will nance contracts, serving as a reference for the be designed and implemented to avoid intended appearance of Ardgowan nhsc.10 impairment of the cultural resources • maintain an awareness of development of or change of use on adjacent properties and work with owners and appropriate authorities to try to ensure that the location, design, material and scale of the use and development are compatible with and sensitive to the heritage character of Ardgowan nhsc

B. Level II Resources: Landscape Ardgowan’s landscape was rehabilitated concurrent with the house (1980-82)7 and is considered a Level II resource in “good” condition. The rehabilitated landscape recreates the appearance of a mid-Victorian garden/small suburban estate, based on material available for this period8. Some of the original landscape features still existed on the long-neglected property; foliage trees and flowering shrubs, many surviving from the 19th century, create a natural park-like atmos- phere. In front of the house, a privet hedge and groups of moss and cabbage roses flank the circular drive, and a sandstone carriage Linden tree on the restored grounds. Parks Canada, 2001 step remains set beside the driveway at the

7 The landscape rehabilitation was designed and overseen by T. Gribbin, and described in an article co-written with J. Tulloch in The Island Magazine (1986, Spring-Summer, 13: 28-31). 8 While material was not available for the precise period that W. H. Pope occupied Ardgowan, the rehabilitation attempted to recreate the ambiance of the era, for which material was available. 9 This 1888 painting by Katie McLean is held in a private collection. 10 Grounds Maintenance Manual (1982, updated 1987) T. Gribbin 20 4.1 Protection of Cultural Resources

Discussion: circular driveway and hedge, open lawns Because the interior of Ardgowan is used for and mature trees) administrative functions and is not devel- • it helps illustrate the lifestyle of well-to- oped for visitors, the exterior of the house do Victorian families and the grounds serve as the key features • it reflects the evolution of the site of interest for a visitor at the site. It is on the grounds that visitors find heritage presenta- The landscape’s values will be ensured if the tion and visitor services. The integrity of the landscape is managed in accordance with the rehabilitated landscape has been somewhat Cultural Resource Management Policy and compromised in the interest of modern the values are communicated. amenities to accommodate the function of the house as office space. While such amenities Goal: are necessary to ensure the comfort, health To ensure that the rehabilitated landscape and safety of staff working in the house, as a whole is maintained so that it continues future additions will be designed to have as to serve as an appropriate setting for the little impact as possible on the rehabilitated house and as an historical oasis – a beautiful, landscape or other valued cultural resources. peaceful place that allows visitors to imagine The grounds are currently maintained to aspects of life in mid-Victorian times a high level, in keeping with a site of national historic significance. Modern maintenance Management Direction: practices are used at the site. Although period Parks Canada will: techniques would present the site in a more • continue to protect and maintain the historic manner, current visitation levels do not rehabilitated grounds as a setting for the merit these practices. Even using modern prac- house, using appropriate maintenance tices, maintenance of the rehabilitated grounds practices is expensive and currently contributes only • ensure that future interventions at the in a limited way to heritage presentation. The site, including any improvements for grounds maintenance budget for Ardgowan workplace needs and visitor comfort, will nhsc has been adequate to maintain but not to be designed and implemented to mini- rejuvenate the landscape through timely tree mize impact on the cultural resources, pruning and replacement of aging species. The particularly those vestiges dating from Grounds Maintenance Manual does not address Pope’s era, and to ensure that the land- the long-term rejuvenation of the landscape. A scape serves to illustrate the lifestyle of a Landscape Management Plan should be devel- well-to-do Victorian family. oped that updates the manual, addresses • develop a Landscape Management Plan to threats including the aging of trees on the site, address threats, encompassing the site in considers an area beyond the site to encom- its context and integrating heritage pres- pass city-owned trees on the perimeter, and entation media, improved visitor orienta- that integrates heritage presentation media, tion and services and landscape design improved visitor orientation and services and landscape design. A multi-disciplinary team C. Level II Resources: Other Resources and Values of professionals should participate in the Level II values include the architecture of development of this Plan. Implementation of the house, the barn/carriage house, the the actions proposed for modification of the landscape (treated separately in the previ- grounds through this Plan should be preceded ous section), archaeological resources (both by environmental impact assessment. unexcavated and in storage) and the hsmbc The landscape of Ardgowan nhsc is plaque commemorating Ardgowan nhsc. valued because: In 1992, Ardgowan House was designated • it contains vestiges surviving from the as a “recognized” federal heritage building. era of William Henry Pope (including a The heritage character of Ardgowan House curving drive to Mount Edward Road, a resides in its country-villa design. The trim on the verandah and on the front window Ardgowan 21 National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan

Archaeological excavations were undertaken at the site in 1980-81 to locate resources in advance of the rehabilitation of the house and grounds and to identify vegetation through pollen analysis that would assist with the landscape rehabilitation. Artifacts found during these excavations are maintained in a secure Parks Canada facility in Halifax; they have been evaluated as having a Level II value. The excavated artifacts reflect the evolution of the site and may provide further information on the lifestyle of William Henry Pope and his family. In 2003, a previously unrecorded well was exposed between the carriage house and the house. The well has been documented and secured; further investigation of the resource will be undertaken at a future time to determine its value. Vegetation patterns suggest that other Barn/Carriage house. Parks Canada, 2001 archaeological resources may yet be found on the site. Further archaeological excava- and door is original, the chimneys have been tions are not envisioned at the site, although reproduced according to the original design, any future interventions on the grounds and the exterior cladding has been replaced of Ardgowan nhsc must be preceded by in keeping with the original design. Despite archaeological and environmental impact repairs and renovations, the building still assessments. retains its Gothic Revival architecture. The plaque text was proposed by the The barn/carriage house is one of a hsmbc in 1977, and the plaque was prepared variety of service buildings that once occu- and affixed to the front elevation of the house pied the grounds of Ardgowan. It may at Ardgowan nhsc in 1982. The plaque is be original to the period of occupation by valued as evidence of the federal government William Henry Pope and is the only commitment to commemorate the Fathers of surviving service building on the property. Confederation from Prince Edward Island Historical documentation concerning the through the designation of a home of a Father original location is contradictory. There is of Confederation who occupied the property not enough information to state definitely during the Charlottetown Conference. the exact, original location of the barn during Pope’s era. The barn/carriage house was Discussion: evaluated by fhbro, and found to be “not The barn/carriage house will continue to heritage.” In the Parks Canada State of the serve as a storage facility at Ardgowan nhsc. Parks 1997 Report, the barn/carriage house The barn/carriage house is not impaired was rated as being in “fair” condition. Since or under threat when it retains its size and then, the barn/carriage house has undergone configuration, it remains in its present loca- renovations to allow it to serve as a functional tion and it is managed in accordance with the and safe space for storage of grounds main- Cultural Resource Management Policy. To tenance equipment and can be considered in ensure its continued protection, the conserva- “good” condition. The renovations included tion and maintenance of the barn/carriage bracing and reinforcing the structure, shingling house should be addressed in the Maintenance and painting the exterior, hanging new doors Management Plan. and constructing interior walls and floors, The architectural resources are not while retaining the exterior historic character. impaired or under threat when they are managed in accordance with the Cultural 22 4.2 Engaging Canadians

Resource Management Policy and when any its context and integrating heritage pres- proposed interventions are reviewed entation media, improved visitor orienta- by fhbro. tion and services and landscape design The archaeological resources are not impaired or under threat when they are managed in accordance with the Cultural 4.2 engaging Canadians Resource Management Policy and when any Parks Canada strives to engage all Canadians interventions on the grounds surrounding the in its efforts to establish and care for national house are preceded by archaeological evalu- historic sites, national parks and national ation. marine conservation areas by raising aware- The hsmbc plaque is not impaired or ness of the system of protected heritage areas, under threat when it is managed in accord- fostering understanding and enjoyment of ance with the Cultural Resource Management heritage places in ways that respect their Policy. The plaque will be relocated from its commemorative and ecological integrity, and current location to a position on the grounds strengthening Canadians’ sense of ownership or in another location where it will enhance of these places as symbols of Canada and of public awareness and understanding of the our shared citizenship. Various media and text, and will contribute better to the presen- communication mechanisms, both on- and tation of the heritage values of Ardgowan. off-site, are used to engage Canadians about A location will be selected that will have Ardgowan nhsc. minimal impact on the heritage values of the grounds, that will contribute to heritage pres- A. On-site Heritage Presentation entation at the site and that will be protected Heritage presentation at Ardgowan nhsc is yet accessible to visitors. An appropriate alter- offered on the grounds. The messages are nate location for the plaque will be considered communicated through media that include an as part of the development of the Landscape Management Plan.

Goal: To protect and present the Level II cultural resources of Ardgowan nhsc through management to the standards and practices accepted by Parks Canada

Management Direction: Parks Canada will: • continue to maintain and protect the carriage house and the archaeological Interpretive exhibit. Parks Canada, 2001 resources • continue to maintain and protect the exterior of the house (including the building outdoor interpretive exhibit, printed matter, in its original footprint and the addition, the hsmbc plaque and the cultural resources and its architecture) and the original inte- of the site. rior elements (including the original floor The main heritage presentation mecha- plan of the central block and west wing) nism is an exhibit installed in 1982‑83. • review and update the Conservation Interpretive panels are mounted on a three- and Maintenance Manual, and develop sided trellis, unobtrusively located on the a Maintenance Management Plan for the rehabilitated grounds to the south of the cultural resources and the built heritage parking area. The exhibit was located to of Ardgowan nhsc orient and inform visitors upon entry to the • develop a Landscape Management Plan to site, before wandering about the grounds; it address threats, encompassing the site in was intended that visitors would start their Ardgowan 23 National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan

Discussion: The heritage presentation program for Ardgowan nhsc may not adequately inform visitors of the messages of national historic significance and of the other values of the site, or of Parks Canada’s national messages, and is in need of renewal. Parks Canada commissioned a review of heritage presentation efforts at the national park and historic sites administered by the Agency on Prince Edward Island. The resulting study, Heritage Presentation Plan, Parks Canada, PEI Field Unit Carriage house and vegetable garden. Parks Canada, 2001 (2001), observed a number of shortcomings at Ardgowan nhsc. In general, the assess- visit at the exhibit. The exhibit describes ment concluded that the site is under-visited William Henry Pope and his family, the archi- and underutilised for tours or special events. tecture of Ardgowan and of Charlottetown, The Heritage Presentation Plan recommended and the phenomenon of suburban estates. eliminating the glossy brochure but other- The panels are scratched and faded, the trellis wise maintaining the current level of heritage support structure has deteriorated, and some presentation media, exploring partnerships to of the information is out of date. offer tours or special events, possibly adding Other heritage presentation media are an outdoor washroom and interpreting limited. A glossy, colour site brochure may Ardgowan nhsc at other locations. oversell the site with images of the discontin- Parks Canada is committed to continu- ued Victorian Garden Party event, although ing to inform visitors of the national signifi- the brochure has limited availability off-site. cance of Ardgowan nhsc as the home of an The brochure and other printed matter are Island Father of Confederation and as one located in the foyer of the side entrance of of several other sites and attractions in the the house, which is not open on evenings, Charlottetown area with a role in the story of weekends and holidays. As well, in response Confederation. Parks Canada will continue to to interest expressed by visitors, some of the invite visitors to explore the site. plants in the gardens have been labelled. Accordingly, the heritage presentation There is no personal programming on- offer at the site needs to be improved to site, although Parks Canada grounds mainte- more effectively convey the key messages nance and reception staff often field questions associated with Ardgowan nhsc and to from visitors. Garden tours were once convey Parks Canada’s national messages offered in English on the grounds as part of to the visiting public through means that regular interpretive programming, while a are appropriate to the level of visitation and simple self-guiding tour brochure in French that are accurate and engaging. A simpler was produced in the absence of French-lan- brochure could be economically produced guage tours. A Victorian Garden Party was for wider circulation. A self-guiding tour hosted by Parks Canada and Parks & People could be prepared based on the previously Association Inc. in September (the month of developed French text, and made available the 1864 Charlottetown Conference) from in both English and French. Given available 1989 until 1998, and again in 2000 for the resources, the interpretive panels should book launch of Ardgowan – A Journal of House be upgraded to include information about and Garden in Victorian Prince Edward Island. William Henry Pope’s designation as a These programs were discontinued because person of national historic significance. There of a lack of resources and because they did may be opportunities for partner agencies to not achieve intended goals. assist with conveying the key messages of the site, through delivery of regular programming or special events. Parks & People 24 4.2 Engaging Canadians

Association Inc. is one agency well positioned local point of interest or scenic backdrop for to fill this role. The Victorian Garden Party is photos. The grounds of Ardgowan are also a special event that may be worth reviving if popular with commercial photographers, and it is timed better. In future, it may be possible with local garden clubs and enthusiasts. to consider more on-site, animated or authen- Use and enjoyment of the site by these visi- tic heritage presentation, such as demonstrat- tors promotes a sense of pride in the com- ing historic landscape management practices, munity; however, the historic significance of but only in partnership with third parties. the site to these visitors is not as important Use of the grounds for on-site heritage pres- as its accessibility and well-maintained entation media should be discussed in the grounds. Improved personal and non-per- Landscape Management Plan; any use of the sonal programming and special events would grounds for this purpose should be preceded raise the profile of the site for this audience, by environmental impact assessment. and likely improve their understanding and In future, Parks Canada may consider the appreciation of the site for its national historic possibility of opening parts of the interior of significance. the house at Ardgowan nhsc to the visiting public. The areas original to the house that Other audiences have been rehabilitated to higher standards Other audiences include those who seek are the most appropriate candidates for such information about sites of cultural or heritage an expanded heritage presentation program, interest on Prince Edward Island as pre-trip for use as indoor exhibit rooms only. Not planning information, or students or educa- enough of the interior has been restored to tors who seek information or programming the original nor is there enough knowledge associated with the story of Confederation about the interior to merit consideration of and the 1864 Charlottetown Conference. a period restoration of the rooms. Opening Other audiences seek information that is portions of the interior of the house would clear, well-organized, aimed at their level of significantly increase a visitor’s range of understanding. Often these groups make use experiences at Ardgowan nhsc, and satisfy of the Parks Canada Web site on the Internet those visitors with a curiosity about the inte- and expect accessible, updated and timely rior of the house. However, during the life information with links to other Web sites of of this management plan, site managers will interest. explore this idea only as a future possibility. Target audiences for heritage presentation Goal: programming include: To ensure that key messages about the heritage values of Ardgowan nhsc and Parks Independent travellers Canada’s national messages are communi- Individuals or small groups usually of adult cated effectively to as many visitors on-site travellers are attracted to Ardgowan nhsc as possible and to provide opportunities for during the summer months for its historic heritage presentation at the site that meet the importance, its connection to the story of expectations of visitors Confederation, or its historic ambiance, rehabilitated grounds and scenic gardens. Management Direction: These visitors typically have done research Parks Canada will: in preparation for their visit and deliberately • evaluate and revise or recapitalize as seek out the site. They seek information required the on-site non-personal media about its history, about the individuals who (e.g., exhibits and brochure) to ensure that occupied the house and grounds, and about key messages and other heritage values specific elements of the gardens. associated with Ardgowan nhsc are communicated Local residents • develop a bilingual self-guiding tour Family groups or individuals enjoy the brochure for the site tranquil, beautiful grounds year-round as a Ardgowan 25 National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan

• develop a Landscape Management Plan to tions, tying the story and the sites together address threats, encompassing the site in better. As well, efforts should be made to its context and integrating heritage pres- work with educators on the preparation of entation media, improved visitor orienta- appropriate curriculum materials to improve tion and services and landscape design school-aged children’s understanding of • approach other groups and agencies to the Confederation story, and should include explore the possibility of offering personal references to William Henry Pope and to programming and special events Ardgowan. • explore the possibility of enhanced heritage presentation in the interior of the Goal: house (e.g., in rooms with original ele- To provide opportunities for all Canadians ments or reception area) to learn about the national significance of Ardgowan nhsc and Parks Canada’s national B. Off-site Heritage Presentation and Outreach messages through off-site programs or prod- The non-visiting public has few opportuni- ucts and outreach efforts ties to learn about Ardgowan nhsc. Little outreach is undertaken and little information Management Direction: is available to off-site audiences. The Parks Parks Canada will: Canada Web site serves as the main outreach • develop and improve the Web site educa- tool. At present, the Web site provides only a tional content, and update the Web site in basic level of information and links to other a timely fashion sites on the Confederation theme. • communicate key messages about Other outreach efforts have been mini- Ardgowan nhsc at other heritage sites mal. In 2000, Parks & People Association Inc. administered by Parks Canada on Prince published Ardgowan - A Journal of House Edward Island; work with thematically and Garden in Victorian Prince Edward Island. related sites and attractions to communi- While this publication contains some his- cate key messages torical information about the site and could • work in collaboration with others to be considered an outreach tool, it is prima- develop heritage presentation tools linking rily a recipe book intended as a fundrais- thematically related sites and attractions ing tool. Founders’ Hall, a Charlottetown (e.g., map, brochure, passport, programs) Confederation-themed attraction, has an • work with educators on the preparation exhibit depicting Ardgowan and offers a of appropriate curriculum materials to brief message about the site’s significance. improve school-aged children’s under- Ardgowan is referred to in a video presenta- standing of Ardgowan nhsc tion shown at Province House nhsc, and as part of that site’s interpretation. C. External Relations Visitation to Prince Edward Island has Discussion: increased considerably following the con- Off-site heritage presentation to convey struction of the Confederation Bridge. key messages about Ardgowan nhsc is The year following the opening of the underutilized. The Parks Canada Web site Confederation Bridge in 1997, visitation on could better prepare visitors for the modest the Island increased by 52 percent (or 1.2 offer at the site and could more effectively million visitors). Since then, visitor statistics situate Ardgowan in the Confederation have decreased slightly. story. Considering that Ardgowan nhsc The Province of Prince Edward Island is a site associated with the “Birthplace of and the City of Charlottetown have adopted Confederation” theme, there may be merit the theme of “Birthplace of Confederation” in working with other sites and attractions, to market and promote the Island and particularly with staff at Province House the capital. The national historic sites in nhsc, to develop more heritage presentation Charlottetown, Province House nhsc and material that may be usable at various loca- Ardgowan nhsc, can potentially benefit from 26 4.2 Engaging Canadians

this theme, as both sites have a direct and be more impressive than it is or to offer more original link to the Charlottetown meetings of services than are available. However, it is 1864 that led to Confederation. difficult to know what visitors’ expectations Parks Canada’s external relations efforts are or the mechanisms by which visitors learn include use of print and electronic media, about the site because visitor surveys have in French and English, to promote aware- not been conducted. ness of culture and heritage in the Province. The marketing and promotion of These media include the National Travel Trade Ardgowan nhsc should be revised to avoid Directory, Media Marketplace, the provincial inflating visitors’ expectations about the serv- visitor guide, the weekly tourism publications ice and heritage presentation offer at the site, for the Province and the City of Charlottetown but also to make clearer the authentic and and Parks Canada Vacation Planners. The main tangible link the site has to the “Birthplace visitor information contact address on these of Confederation” theme in order to attract materials is the mailing address for Ardgowan visitors with an interest in the site’s history nhsc, the centre of business services and and the ambiance created by the rehabilitated administration for the Prince Edward Island grounds. Field Unit, Parks Canada. While Parks Canada has a limited budget Goal: to independently promote or advertise To promote Ardgowan nhsc to prospec- Canada’s national park and national historic tive visitors in ways that help them develop sites on Prince Edward Island, the Agency appropriate expectations of their visit and has developed beneficial partnerships with learn about the national historic significance the tourism industry and tourism promotion of the site and about other Parks Canada organizations. The provincial government national messages department Tourism pei and the Tourism Industry Association of Prince Edward Island Management Direction: (taipei) invite Parks Canada staff to review Parks Canada will: materials, to make editorial suggestions and • encourage visitation at Ardgowan nhsc to attend working group meetings regarding to an appropriate level, given the site’s the national park and historic sites on the administrative function, that will not Island. This allows Parks Canada to provide impair the commemorative integrity of input on how the park and sites are promoted the site. Parks Canada will periodically by others. Parks Canada also works with the monitor visitation levels and assess Capital Commission of Prince Edward Island visitor needs and the City of Charlottetown on initiatives • evaluate and revise promotional tools for of common interest. Ardgowan nhsc, including traditional print and electronic media, especially Discussion: the Web site, to ensure these tools com- Ardgowan nhsc is a difficult national historic municate key messages, shape realistic site to promote to visitors. The modest level expectations of the site and are targeted of services and heritage presentation and the to visitors with an interest in the historic restriction of visitors to the exterior of the significance and the unique grounds of house result in a short and unremarkable visit. the site; promote and market the site to a Current promotional material may inflate level appropriate to the service offer visitors’ expectations. The glossy site bro- • work to ensure that promotional efforts chure and other promotional material make of Parks Canada or of other agencies use of photos of the costumed animation/ and organizations pertaining to the participants at the Victorian Garden Party, an “Birthplace of Confederation” theme event that is no longer offered. Because the include Ardgowan nhsc mailing address on all material for national historic sites in Prince Edward Island is Ardgowan nhsc, visitors expect the site to Ardgowan 27 National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan

D. Collaboration and Partnerships Parks Canada has a number of well-developed relationships and collaborative efforts in Prince Edward Island that benefit Ardgowan nhsc. There is a natural link between Ardgowan nhsc and Province House nhsc due to shared responsibilities of a number of staff in the Field Unit. Staff participate in others’ marketing and promotional efforts for Prince Edward Island and Charlottetown, ensuring that all national historic sites and Province House is of national historic significance for its role in the the national park are accurately presented Confederation story. J. Butterill, 1995 in others’ efforts. The administrative office of Parks & People Association Inc. is located programming or special events at the site. at Ardgowan nhsc, allowing for regular Parks Canada needs to remain aware of the contact between Association staff and Parks efforts of other heritage and tourism organiza- Canada staff. The efforts of Parks & People tions in Charlottetown, including the Capital Association Inc. to raise awareness of and Commission of Prince Edward Island, the raise funds for Parks Canada have been of Prince Edward Island Museum and Heritage benefit to Ardgowannhsc , including pub- Foundation and the City of Charlottetown. lication of a recipe book and in the past co- Parks Canada should build on and cross-link hosting the Victorian Garden Party. with the service and heritage presentation Ardgowan nhsc is well known and offers of these organizations where possible, well frequented for its beautiful gardens. particularly those linked to the Confederation The grounds are familiar to those in local theme, stressing the unique qualities of gardening groups and are considered a Ardgowan nhsc and Province House nhsc Charlottetown attraction. Commercial pho- under this theme. Educators are a natural tographers frequently use the site as the group to assist Parks Canada with enhancing setting for weddings and family photos. understanding of Ardgowan nhsc in rela- Interest in the native plant species of the gar- tion to the Confederation theme. Programs dens of Ardgowan nhsc has been accommo- should be developed with educators to ensure dated by labelling plants and sharing plant that the role and significance of Ardgowan cuttings with the MacPhail Woodlot and Tree nhsc as well as of Province House nhsc are Nursery, a non-profit organization special- understood. izing in growing and selling native tree and Parks Canada should strive to maintain shrub species. good communication with neighbours, and to keep informed about plans for nearby devel- Discussion: opment or change in land use, particularly on Current partnerships and collaborative activi- the lands that have been declared surplus to ties suit Ardgowan nhsc at this time, given the Experimental Farm. Future development the low level of visitation and low profile of on adjacent properties could have a signifi- the site. Any future efforts to raise the profile cant impact on Ardgowan nhsc in its func- of or expand communication of the key mes- tions both as a national historic site and as the sages of the site would require more collabo- administrative centre for Parks Canada on rative efforts; promotion of the site should the Island. To this end, Parks Canada needs be appropriate to the service offer. Personal to make sure there is continued dialogue with programming, educational opportunities, future owners, administrators and interested links between the site and other heritage parties in the planning and development of attractions and external relations would all the heritage and non-heritage portions of benefit from better-developed partnerships. the former Experimental Farm lands. Future Parks & People Association Inc. would be a owners and administrators of the federally natural partner with which to offer personal recognized heritage property, Ravenwood, 28 4.2 Engaging Canadians

and the Royal Grove should be approached Because of the low visitor numbers, visi- to explore how to collaborate in the commu- tor services at Ardgowan nhsc are minimal. nication of thematic links and how to coop- Aside from heritage presentation services eratively promote the sites. described in an earlier section, visitor services include orientation, parking and access to the Goal: grounds. To develop or strengthen opportunities for The parking lot located at the north- collaboration and partnership with groups west corner of the property has entrances off and individuals to ensure the protection of Palmers Lane and Mount Edward Road. The the cultural resources of Ardgowan nhsc lot was designed to accommodate one bus and the communication of the reasons for the and about twenty-five cars including dedi- site’s national historic significance and other cated parking spaces for people with disabili- heritage values ties, although the lot markings have changed with time. The lot is often full due to admin- Management Direction: istrative functions and employee use. Parks Canada will: Because of the distance of Ardgowan • approach heritage and tourism organiza- nhsc from downtown Charlottetown, it is tions and other parties to cooperatively expected that many visitors arrive by vehi- develop thematic promotional and herit- cle rather than on foot; consequently, visitor age presentation materials and events orientation efforts begin at the parking lot. • work with educators on the preparation An orientation panel at the south end of the of appropriate curriculum materials to parking lot directs visitors to explore the improve school-aged children’s under- grounds via a gravel path that leads to the standing of Ardgowan nhsc outdoor exhibit. This echoes the original • maintain an awareness of development circulation pattern intended for the site. A plans for or change in land use on separate paved path intended for adminis- adjacent properties and work with trative visitors leads from the parking lot to owners and appropriate authorities and the side entrance of the house, which houses other parties to try to ensure that the reception for the administrative function and location, design, material and scale of printed matter about Ardgowan nhsc and the developments are compatible with other Parks Canada sites on Prince Edward and sensitive to the heritage character of Island. The side entrance is not open on Ardgowan nhsc evenings, weekends and holidays when the house is closed. Visitors are encouraged to follow the 4.3 Visitation and Visitor Services paths and roam the grounds to view the Visitation at Ardgowan nhsc is low. Staff outdoor interpretive exhibit, the recreated estimate that approximately 3000 people visit croquet lawn and the hsmbc plaque. The fine the site each year. Because of the low level gravel surfaces of the wheelchair-accessible of visitation, visitor statistics have not been paths are sometimes soft; an all-terrain wheel- recorded and visitors have not been surveyed chair is kept on site in case of need. Picnicking as is done at other sites. The site does not is permitted on the grounds, although a picnic receive tour buses, which constitute a signifi- table at the rear of the property is intended for cant proportion of the visitors at other sites. staff use only. Benches for visitors are found A large proportion of visitors to Ardgowan throughout the property. nhsc are local residents using the grounds as The minimal services at Ardgowan nhsc a setting for wedding or family photos, for do not include washrooms or drinking water weekend recreation and picnicking and as a for public use, shelter from inclement weather, destination for their out-of-town visitors. Fees refreshments, gift shop or special events. In are not charged of visitors or other users of urgent cases, visitors are allowed inside the the site. house to use staff washrooms. However, when the house is closed in the evenings and on Ardgowan 29 National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan

(site brochure) is available only at the side entrance of the house; however, visitors may not begin their visit there, or may find the house locked outside of business hours. Originally, the intent was to separate site visitors from administrative visitors by means of directional signage at the parking lot. Over time, the directional signs have been stolen or deteriorated and not replaced and printed matter moved inside of the house. The Orientation panel at parking lot. Parks Canada, 2001 orientation of visitors to the site needs to be weekends and holidays, the washrooms are reconsidered, including directional signage inaccessible. People wishing to hold special and support material. Site visitors should be events on the grounds have been deterred by ensured an adequate level of parking and the lack of washrooms and the inability to the lot markings should redefine dedicated secure the grounds solely for their function. parking spaces for people with disabilities. These issues should be addressed through the Discussion: development of a Landscape Management Plan, The visitor experience at Ardgowan nhsc and any modifications to the site should be should include effective communication of preceded by assessment for possible environ- reasons for the national significance of the mental impacts. site and Parks Canada’s national messages, Public washrooms are considered neces- in a setting that is an historical oasis, that is a sary if visitation at the site is to be encouraged beautiful and peaceful place of learning and beyond the current levels, and if the site is enjoyment. Visitors to the site should come to serve as the venue for any future special to enjoy the heritage aspects of the site and events. The staff washrooms inside the house its rehabilitated gardens. Passive recreation cannot easily be opened to the public for opportunities should be encouraged. accessibility and security reasons. The pos- Visitation at Ardgowan nhsc is low, and because of this it is difficult to justify any change to the level of service at the site. The visitor services offered at Ardgowan nhsc are minimal and may not meet the expected minimum requirement for visitor services at a national historic site, such as effective orientation, washrooms and drinking water. While improved visitor services would be difficult to justify without an increase in visitation, visitation cannot be increased and special events or other special personal programming cannot be encouraged without Side entrance to house with signage. Parks Canada, 2001 improvements to the basic services. Given the limited visitor surveys to date at Ardgowan sibility of providing washrooms for visitors at nhsc, it is difficult to know what the visitor a suitable location on-site should be explored. needs or expectations for services are. The mechanisms for orienting visitors Goal: and preparing them for their experience To provide services that enhance the visitor are confusing and could be improved. The experience and that are appropriate to the orientation panel near the parking lot does current and expected level of visitation at not provide clear direction to visitors, and Ardgowan nhsc visitors tend to follow the path to the side entrance of the house. Orientation material 30 4.3 Visitation and Visitor Services

Management Direction: Inc. has an office and storage space on-site. A Parks Canada will: boardroom on the main level of the house is • encourage visitation at Ardgowan nhsc often used for meetings with staff from other to an appropriate level, given the admin- locations and members of the public. istrative function of the site, that will not Because Ardgowan is an historic house, impair commemorative integrity. Parks there are some difficulties associated with Canada will periodically monitor visita- using it to accommodate a modern work- tion levels and assess visitor needs place. However, Ardgowan meets health and • develop a Landscape Management Plan to safety standards as a place of work. address threats, encompassing the site in The barn/carriage house at Ardgowan its context and integrating heritage pres- nhsc is used for storage of grounds mainte- entation media, improved visitor orienta- nance equipment. tion and services and landscape design • continue to provide information at Discussion: Ardgowan nhsc about Parks Canada Ardgowan nhsc is well known as the centre and other national historic sites and the of administration for the Prince Edward Island national park in Prince Edward Island Field Unit. Parks Canada will continue to have • explore the possibility of providing an on-site presence at Ardgowan nhsc for the accessible washroom facilities that do foreseeable future. There is no intention to not impair the buildings or rehabilitated open the interior of the house to the touring landscape public during the life of this management plan. Any future provision for workplace needs at Ardgowan nhsc should not impair 4.4 oPerations and Administration the commemorative integrity of the site. Ardgowan nhsc serves as the centre of administration for the Prince Edward Island Goal: Field Unit, housing business services, external To ensure that Ardgowan nhsc continues to relations functions and the Superintendent’s function as a healthy, safe workplace for staff and as the well-known centre of administration for the Prince Edward Island Field Unit, without compromising the heritage values of the site

Management Direction: Parks Canada will: • continue to position Ardgowan nhsc as the headquarters for administration and information services for Parks Canada on Prince Edward Island • ensure that future interventions at the Side entrance and path from parking lot. Parks Canada, 2001 site, including any improvements for workplace needs and visitor comfort, will office. While Parks Canada staff have occu- be designed to avoid impairment of the pied various offices in different locations commemorative integrity of the site over time, Ardgowan nhsc has remained a • continue to make use of the carriage constant and recognizable centre of adminis- house for storage, without compromising tration for Parks Canada on the Island since commemorative integrity the early 1980s. The interior of the house has been renovated to serve as modern office space. Currently there are thirteen Parks Canada staff working year-round on all levels of the house and Parks & People Association Ardgowan 31 National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan

5.0 Impact Evaluation and Environmental Assessment

This management plan for Ardgowan nhsc While the actions proposed in this man- has been evaluated considering the impact agement plan do not necessitate any specific of the proposed strategies and actions on mitigative measures, the assessment urged the natural environment and the com- that should any physical work proceed, a memorative integrity of the site. (For the project-specific environmental assessment full text, see “Environmental Assessment of should be undertaken, as required by the Ardgowan National Historic Site of Canada Canadian Environmental Assessment Act. This Management Plan– Final Report,” 2003.) would apply to any changes to interpre- The environmental assessment was con- tive media on the grounds, relocation of ducted according to direction in the Parks the plaque, changes to trail and parking lot Canada Management Directive 2.4.2–Impact surfaces or other changes to the rehabilitated Assessment (1998), Draft Guidelines for grounds, and possibly to the newly discov- Assessing Parks Canada Management Plans ered well, following assessment of its sig- (1998), Environmental Assessment Process for nificance and development of management Policy and Programs (Federal Environmental direction pertaining to it. Assessment Review Office,1993 ), and The environmental assessment observed Procedures of the Department of Canadian that better understanding of visitation and Heritage for Complying with the CEAA (Parks visitor use patterns on the site is important Canada, 1996). A preliminary environmental as baseline information to better track any screening of proposed management guide- impact on the heritage and natural resources lines was undertaken prior to public consul- of the site. Development of the Landscape tation. A final environmental assessment of Management Plan and the Maintenance the management guidelines was conducted Management Plan for the built heritage of the in the final stage of drafting the management site are viewed as priorities for ensuring the plan, to allow for incorporation of necessary commemorative integrity and the natural changes into the final document. values of the site. The environmental assessment found that none of the proposed actions in this management plan will result in a negative impact on the natural environment, or detract from the commemorative integrity of Ardgowan nhsc. The section of the environmental assessment that assesses the potential “stress” or negative or positive impact caused by the proposed actions found that none of the proposed initiatives will impose a stress on the site, and that in fact initiatives will contribute to ensuring the commemorative integrity of Ardgowan nhsc. 32 Ardgowan 33 National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan

6.0 Implementation

The actions proposed in this management plan for Ardgowan nhsc are implemented through the Field Unit’s Sustainable Business Plan. While the management plan is envisioned as a strategic guide with a life span of ten to fifteen years (reviewed every five years), the annual Sustainable Business Plan offers a picture of five years at a time. The Sustainable Business Plan identifies which actions of the management plan will be realized during the next five years, and their timing and cost. Any changes to the five-year The gardens of Ardgowan were rehabilitated to mid-Victorian period. forecast are captured by the annual review J. Butterill, 1995 and update of the Sustainable Business Plan. Emphasis has been placed on those activities Implementation of this management plan expected to occur during the first three years is the responsibility of the Prince Edward following management plan approval, but Island Field Unit Superintendent. The Field other activities to be pursued during future Unit Superintendent’s three primary areas of years have been identified as well. No prior- accountability at this national historic site are: ity has been assigned to activities beyond 1. Ensuring commemorative integrity broadly identifying timing. Further prioritiz- 2. Improving service to clients ing will occur during preparation of the Field 3. Making wise and efficient use of public Unit Sustainable Business Plan. funds. Progress on the management plan imple- Implementation of the actions proposed mentation will be communicated through for Ardgowan nhsc in this management plan, annual reporting on business plan perform- once approved, depends on the availability ance and through the Parks Canada State of of financial resources. The implementation of the Protected Heritage Areas Report, which is these actions will occur within the Field Unit’s updated every few years. As well, progress existing resource allocation. Cooperative will be reported to the public periodically; the initiatives with partners will be explored to public will be consulted about major changes. identify, evaluate and pursue additional pro- The management plan will be subject to peri- posals under this plan. odic review, and can be amended to reflect Priority actions are identified and pre- changing circumstances. sented in the chart that follows according to Sustainable Business Plan service lines; however, these may be reconsidered in response to new circumstances or information, or changing national priorities and decisions. 34 6.0 Implementation

Service Line Priority Action Priorities Future-year during the first priorities 3-year period

Service Line 2: Review and update the Conservation and Maintenance Manual,  Heritage and develop a Maintenance Management Plan for the cultural Protection resources and the built heritage of Ardgowan NHSC

Develop a Landscape Management Plan to address threats,  encompassing the site in its context and integrating heritage presentation media, improved visitor orientation and services and landscape design

Service line 3: Evaluate and revise or recapitalize as required the on-site  Heritage non-personal media (e.g., exhibits and brochure) Presentation

Develop a self-guiding tour brochure 

Approach other groups and agencies to explore the possibility of  offering personal programming and special events

Explore the possibility of enhanced heritage presentation in  the interior of the house (e.g., rooms with original elements or reception area)

Develop and improve the Web site educational content, and  update the Web site in a timely fashion

Communicate key messages about Ardgowan NHSC at other  heritage sites administered by Parks Canada on Prince Edward Island; work with others at other venues to communicate key messages

Work in collaboration with others to develop heritage  presentation tools linking thematically related sites and attractions

Work with educators on the preparation of appropriate  curriculum materials to improve school-aged children’s understanding of Ardgowan NHSC

Evaluate and revise promotional tools, including traditional print  and electronic media

Work to ensure that promotional efforts by Parks Canada or by  other agencies and organizations pertaining to the “Birthplace of Confederation” theme include Ardgowan NHSC

Approach heritage and tourism organizations and other parties  to cooperatively develop thematic promotional and heritage presentation materials and events

Service Line 4: Explore the possibility of providing accessible washroom  Visitor Services facilities that do not impair the buildings or rehabilitated landscape

Periodically monitor visitation levels and assess visitor needs  Ardgowan 35 National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan

List of Participants

The development of this management plan for Ardgowan National Historic Site of Canada benefited from the participation of a number of individuals:

Marc Ampleman, Client Services Manager, Soonya Quon, Management Planner, Parks Parks Canada, Prince Edward Island Canada, Atlantic Service Centre Field Unit Greg Shaw, Technical Officer, Parks Canada, Doug Heaney, Cultural Heritage Presentation Prince Edward Island Field Unit Coordinator, Parks Canada, Prince Edward Judith Tulloch, Historian, Parks Canada, Island Field Unit Atlantic Service Centre JoAnne Holden, External Relations Manager, Parks Canada, Prince Edward Island Field Unit With additional thanks to:

Sharon Larter, Manager of National Historic Review and coordinating staff at the Sites, Parks Canada, Prince Edward Island National Historic Sites Directorate, Field Unit Parks Canada; Lindsay Croken, Tim Daly, Brian Gallant, Tom Gribbin, Bill Hockey, Barb MacDonald, Heritage Presentation Joanne Jay, Guy LeBlanc, Phil McCabe, Media Coordinator, Parks Canada, Prince Jason McInnis, Lisa O’Toole, Judy Trainor, Edward Island Field Unit Jennifer Stevens. Tammy Poole, Grounds Coordinator, National Historic Sites, Parks Canada, Prince Edward Island Field Unit 36 Ardgowan 37 National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan

APPENDIX 1 Homes of Fathers of Confederation that are National Historic Sites

New Brunswick Chandler House/Rocklyn Dorchester (Edward B. Chandler)

Tilley House Gagetown (Sir Samuel L. Tilley)

Belmont House/R. Wilmot House Lincoln (Robert Wilmot)

Nova Scotia Jonathan McCully House Halifax (Jonathan McCully)

Henry House Halifax (William A. Henry)

Ontario Bellevue House Kingston (Sir John A. Macdonald)

Earnscliffe Ottawa (Sir John A. Macdonald)

George Brown House Toronto (George Brown)

Prince Edward Island Ardgowan Charlottetown (William H. Pope)

Quebec Chapais House Kamouraska (Jean C. Chapais)

Étienne-Paschal Taché House Montmagny (Sir Étienne-Paschal Taché)

Sir George-Étienne Cartier Montréal (Sir George-Étienne Cartier) 38 Ardgowan 39 National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan

APPENDIX 2 Inventory and Evaluation of Cultural Resources

In situ Resources

Ardgowan (1966 footprint including original elements) Level I

Barn/Carriage House Level II

Archaeological Resources Level II

Landscape and Landscape Features Level II

Plaques and Monuments

Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada Plaque Level II 40