Nonkilling Korea

Nonkilling Korea Six Culture Exploration Edited by Glenn D. Paige and Chung-Si Ahn Co-published by Center for Global Nonkilling Honolulu, Hawaii and Seoul, Korea January 2012 CREATIVE COMMONS LICENCE Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 You are free to share, copy, distribute and transmit this work* Under the following conditions: Attribution. You must attribute this work in the manner specified by the author/licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Noncommercial. You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works. You may not alter, transform or build upon this work. * For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. * Any of the above conditions can be waived if you gain permission from the copyright holders. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the Authors’ moral and legal rights. Parts of this volume have been released under GFDL and Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 as part of Wikiversity’s School of Nonkilling Studies (http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/School:Nonkilling_studies). The Center for Global Nonkilling does not necessarily endorse the views expressed by the authors. Also available for free download at: http://www.nonkilling.org © The Authors, 2012 © Center for Global Nonkilling, 2012 (this edition) © Seoul National University Asia Center, 2012 (this edition) First Edition: January 2012 ISBN-13 978-0-9839862-0-1 ____________________________________________________ Cataloging in Publication Data (CIP) Nonkilling Korea : Six Culture Exploration / Edited by Glenn D. Paige and Chung-Si Ahn ISBN 978-0-9839862-0-1 1. Nonkilling. 2. Peace. 3. Pacifism – Nonviolence. I. Title. II. Paige, Glenn D., ed. lit. III. Ahn, Chung-Si, ed. lit. CDU - 172.4 : 327.36 ____________________________________________________ A catalogue record is also available from the Library of Congress. Center for Global Nonkilling Post Office Box 12232 304 Lotte International Education Hall Honolulu, Hawaii 96828 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu United States of America Seoul 151-746, Korea Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] http://www.nonkilling.org http://snuac.snu.ac.kr Put down your sword and think hard HAM SOK HON 1901-1989 Contents Foreword 11 Sung Chul Yang Preface 15 Introduction 19 Glenn D. Paige Korean Culture Spiritual and Practical Assets of Korean Nonviolence 29 Jang-seok Kang Nonkilling in North Korean Culture 49 Glenn D. Paige American Culture From Nonkilling to Beloved Community 61 Michael N. Nagler and Stephanie N. Van Hook Chinese Culture Possibilities of a Peaceful Nonkilling China 77 Dahua Tang Japanese Culture Nonkilling in Japanese Culture 91 Mitsuo Okamoto and Tamayo Okamoto 7 8 Nonkilling Korea Russian Culture Evolution of the Idea of Nonkilling in Russian Culture 115 Tatiana Yakushkina Nonkilling in Russian Culture 125 William V. Smirnov Conclusion 133 Glenn D. Paige and Chung-Si Ahn Appendix Declaration of Korean Independence 141 Contributors 147 Foreword Foreword Sung Chul Yang Former ROK ambassador to the United States and Distinguished Professor, Korea University If one word can be used to describe Glenn Durland Paige, it is “maver- ick.” Born a few months before the stock market crash of “Black Tuesday” in October 1929, he literally began his life with the Great Depression. On top of America’s unprecedented economic crisis, his childhood years were marked by a series of wars and military occupations globally. He lived through the 1931 Japanese military occupation of Manchuria, the 1937 Second Sino-Japanese War, the 1936 Italian military invasion of Ethiopia by Mussolini’s Fascists, the Spanish Civil War of 1936-39, the 1936 forced annexation of Austria and the 1939 absorption of Sudetenland first and the entire Czechoslovakia later by Hitler’s Nazis, all of which led to the outbreak and horror of World War II. At 19 Glenn was a private in the U.S. Army and rose to an antiaircraft ar- tillery communication officer attached to the First Republic of Korea Infantry Division during the Korean War. He was one of the first Korean and Ameri- can soldiers to cross the 38th Parallel and briefly occupy Pyongyang, North Korea’s Capital, in the short-lived rollback period of the Korean War. At the risk of his own life in the battlefields, he has witnessed the mass carnage of “our soldiers and the enemy” as well as innocent civilians. Pro- fessor Paige’s advocacy of peace by developing the concept of nonkilling is, thus, not just out of the blue egghead talk, but derived from his lifelong en- counter with, and inquiry into, the fundamental questions of life and death, war and peace, and conflict and cooperation. In a nutshell, Glenn became a soldier-turned-scholar. As a political scien- tist, he did not receive the spotlight from doing mainstream research topics of his time. He has been a trailblazer, exploring and searching constantly for a new niche in political science. For the past several decades, mainstream political science has, by and large, failed to raise and appraise the aforementioned big picture questions, 11 12 Nonkilling Korea including birth and death of a state and political ideology. Nor has it been successful in grasping and forecasting the epochal political changes of the last half of the 20th century and beyond. The demise of communist regimes in the former Soviet Union and East- ern Europe, the reemerging of new Eastern Europe and Russia, the surge of democracy in the non-Western world, the rise of China, East Asia, India, Brazil and the relative political and economic decline of the United States and Japan are the cases in point. From this vantage point, in a quiet yet relentless manner, Professor Pai- ge has been seeking to bridge the world of ideas and the world of affairs in the discipline of political science. His early pioneering academic endeavor was the scholarly inquiry into the Korean War decision-making from the Truman administration’s top dip- lomatic, military and security decision-makers’ perspective. The decision- making case study of the Korean War naturally evolved into the next phase in his systematic analysis of political leadership in a broader context. In recent years, Glenn has been devoting himself to the concept of global nonkilling as a basic value for political science. His Christian upbringing notwithstanding, he has been exploring and advocating the ideas and concept of nonviolence and nonkilling from various non-Christian religious and cultural sources such as Buddhism, Hinduism and Islam. This volume, one of his most recent global nonkilling projects, was the product of a conference on “Nonkilling Korea: Six Culture Exploratory Seminar” held in August 2010 at the Seoul National University (SNU) cam- pus. It was co-organized by Professor Emeritus, Ahn Chung-Si of SNU Asia Center and Professor Paige’s Center for Global Nonkilling. I was honored to be a participant in this seminar last August. I would li- ke to express my gratitude to Professors Paige and Ahn for their invitation. It is a privilege for me to write Foreword to this book, especially be- cause the 2010 seminar was held in conjunction with the first commemora- tive anniversary of the former ROK President Kim Dae-jung (1924-2009), a Nobel Peace laureate, for whom I hold a deep respect. As Professor Paige succinctly points out in his Introduction, I believe that this volume will assist in the realization of a unified Nonkilling Korea. A free, democratic, unified Korea is not a daydream, but a collective aspiration of Koreans at home and abroad, and of peace-loving people around the world. Preface Preface Glenn D. Paige Center for Global Nonkilling Chung-Si Ahn Seoul National University This book reports on the Nonkilling Korea: Six Culture Exploratory Seminar convened at the Hoam Faculty House of Seoul National University during August 18-19, 2010. In contrast with academic and media inquiries that concentrate on political-military-economic aspects of Korea since division and the Korean War, the Seminar sought to discover nonkilling cultural features in South and North Korea, America, China, Japan, and Russia that could contribute toward realization of a future Nonkilling Korea. That is, a Korea in which no Koreans kill other Koreans, no foreigners kill Koreans, and no Koreans are sent abroad to kill foreigners. The Seminar was held on the first death anniversary of Nobel Peace Lau- reate former ROK President Kim Dae-jung. We are grateful to Professor Sung Chul Yang, former Ambassador to the United States (2000-2003) ap- pointed by President Kim, for kindly contributing the Foreword to this book. Deep appreciation is expressed to participants who accepted the unique invitation to introduce nonkilling aspects of their societies. Non-Korean authors were asked to write about their own societies without reference to Ko- rea. Questions concerning nonkilling interactions of each culture with Korea and among all six cultures invite path breaking follow-up. All participants real- ize that this is a preliminary inquiry that hopefully will merit further exploration by all academic disciplines, leaders, vocations, the media and the public. An invitation for scholarly participation from the North was extended by the Center for Global Nonkilling through the DPRK Committee for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries. In reply it was indicated that participation might be considered if the Seminar were held outside of the South, Japan or the United States. Considering it appropriate to convene the Seminar in Korea and to include at least some impressions of nonkilling culture in the North, a substitute paper was contributed by the senior editor based upon 15 16 Nonkilling Korea visits there. It is hoped that this shortcoming will be corrected in future scholarly explorations related to the theme of this book.

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