B U L L E T I N

O F THE

(its age of Wilt ta m a a h fia t };

I LLI A M : I TS W ORK I I I OLLE GE OF W AND MARY , D SC PL NE

I I FOU NDATI ON TH H STORY , F RO M T S TO E

PRESE NT TIME

B Y N I ‘ LYO GARD NER TYLE R ,

Pre si de nt

t e re d a t t h e Po s t Offi ce i n W illi a m sb ur a s s e o n -cla g c d ss m a t te r . )

(flang e of W illia m a nt wa rp

FOUNDATION .

The C o lle g e of W illia m and M a r y is in its antecedents the Oldest o f American colleges ; in actual operation it is second only

f fo r to Harvard . The proj ect o a college Virginia was agitated 1 6 1 7 l as early as , three years before the Pilgrims anded at Ply mouth Rock . An Indian massacre put a stop to the enterprise , but after many years the original intention was consu m mated in the college established at M iddle Plantation (now Williamsburg)

1 693 o f K W illia m ' a nd in , and named in honor ing Queen Mary , the ruling monarchs .

PRI ORITIES I t is the only American college that received its charter direct

o f o n e from the crown England , and the only that received its

- f - coat o arms from the College of Heralds in London . It was the first college in the United States to have a full faculty o f professors the first to adopt the Lecture System the first to establish the Elective and Honor Systems the first to widen its scope into that o f a University the first; to establish courses in M unicipal and Constitutional Law M o dern Languages Political Economy History the first to organize a Greek L ett er K Intercollegiate Fraternity , the Phi Beta appa Society and the first to award gold medals as collegiate prizes , donated by Lord Botetourt in 1 7 70 .

M AKI NG OF THE UN I ON .

The alumni of the College exerted more influence o n the

o f o f making the Union than the alumni any other institution . Richard Bland was the first to announce in a pamphlet that f K America was no part o the ingdom of England , and was only united with it by the common tie o f the crown Dabney 4 BULLE TI N OF THE

Carr was the patron of the resolutions for the appointm ent . o f com m it t ees on intercolonial correspondence Peyto n

' Randolph w a s t h e first President o f the Continental Congress

” Carter Henry Harrison was the author o f the resolu

— d 2 2 1 7 76e t h e tions of Cumberland County adopte April , first positive I nstructions for independence anywhere in the United

States . Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of I nde

- e nd e nce l . n p John Ty er , Sr , carried through the Virgi ia Legislature the p roposition for the convention at Annapolis Ed m und Randolph opened the proceedings at Phila “ delphia by submitting t h e Virginia plan John Mar sha ll set t le d t h e construction of the Const itution . George l t h e Washington , though not an a umnus , received from College his first public office o f surveyor and his last as Chancellor o f the institut ion .

DE VELO PMENT OF THE UN ION .

f e o O the sev n Presidents of the United States , b rn in Virginia ,

m s e e Tho a J fferson , James Monroe and John Tyler were educat d n at William a nd M a ry . To these men is to be ascribed the a n e x t io n n a of Louisia a , Florida , Texas and most of the western

r s . te ritory , thu trebling the original area of the Union The mo st illustrious of the chief j ustices , John Marshall , was an

nd a s m o f alum nus , a so w the most distinguished com ander the

1 86 1 . Federal Army down to , General Winfield Scott James

M n rOe . o announced the Monroe Doctrine , defining our relations 1 7 8 9 1 8 61 t o this continent . In the period from to the College

- furnished sixteen out of twenty seven senators from Virginia , three out of four Speakers of the House o f Representatives from

t o ut Virginia , w o of the three ministers plenipotentiary to Eng land , four out of the six ministers to France ; and John James

Beckley , first Librarian of Congress , and first Clerk of the House of Representatives was a William and Mary m a n .

COLON IAL SYSTEM OF STUDY .

r e 8 1 693 The cha ter of the College bore date F bruary ,

t h o f — and , during e existence Virginia as a colony , it followed the COLLEGE O F WILLIAM AND MARY .

c o f example o f the mother ountry in its plan instruction . There were four schools in the College ' *

' A n rdi na r Co m m o n Sch o o l t o f I . O y teach the rudiments o learning , reading , writing , and arithmetic , to the Indian chil dren o f the tributary tribes . But to this school white children o f Williamsburg were admitted , according to the discretion o f “ o n e th e Master . There was teacher in this school called Master ” n o f the Indian School , who had a seat i the Faculty . Th e Indians roomed in the building known as the Braffer' ton (erected in 1 7 2 3) and the school was kept th ere . This school was de dependent upon the rents of the Brafferton Manor in Yorkshire ,

England , and was discontinued at the time of the American

Revolution , which diverted the funds from the College .

ra m m a r Sch o o l I I A G , in which was taught the Latin and Greek languages to boys who had at that time passed through

. o r some elementary school There were five forms , classes , in h this sc ool , and the scholars ranged from ten to fifteen years of

r age . It was taught by a Master , an usher , an assistant ushe

. i n and a writing master The Principal had a seat the Faculty , l and the school was held in the Hall of the Co lege , which then f occupied the ground floor O the north wing . After completing the course the boys were publicly examined before the Society

‘ s w e no w a d m it t e d to (or Faculty , a call it) , and the Philosophy Sch o o LT l I I I A Phi lo s o p h y Sch o o . On entering this school the scholar

a d s ca became a student n a sumed the p and gown . In it there were two departments , presided over by two professors .

— o f one Natural Philosophy and Mathematics , and the other o f i Moral Philosophy , under which head were compr sed Rhetoric , s Ethics and Logic . To thi school were allotted under the statutes of 1 7 2 7 two years o f study fo r the degree of Bachelo r o f o f fo r o f f Arts and four years study the degree Master o Arts . In 1 7 5 8 the time was changed to four years f o r Bachelor o f Arts and seven for Master of Arts .

* T 1e r Hi s to r o Wi lli a m s bur a t e r III . y , y f g , Ch p Fo r e a r r e o r s o f t h e o e e s e e Vi r i ni a Hi s to ri ca l M a a zi n I T ly c d C ll g , g g e , V ,

1 . . 6 1 t se . . e "; VII , VIII , IX 6 B ULLET I N OF THE

A D vi ni c o o l I . i t V y S h . In this school there were likewis e two departments with two professors— o n e of whom taught the

t h e Hebrew tongue and expounded scriptures , and the other “ the Common Places o f Divinity and the controversies with ” Heretics . This school held a post graduate relation t o the

Philosophy School . After passing satisfactory examinations

o in this school , the student was prep ared to g over to England fo r o e i d ordination by the Bishop f London , whose dioces nclu ed

Virginia .

All the schools were not established at one time . The first m school to be established was the Gram ar School , which began 1 4 1 1 69 . 1 7 in Then the Indian School began before , next the chair of Natural Philosophy and Mathematics was permanently 1 1 2 established in 7 1 7 . By 7 9 the College had established a ll the chairs contemplated in the charter . There were a President

no Six i who had professorial duties and professors , ncluding the 1 2 . 7 9 Indian Master and the Grammar Master Up to this year , , the property o f the College had been managed by a Board o f

Visitors and Governors , but it was now transferred by deed to

s t o the Society of Profes ors , subj ect a general visitorial and s tatutory power in the Board . 1 7 7 9 c Such was the system till , and the ourses really ran from the first beginning of letters to graduation as a minister of the church of England .

- SYSTEM OF STUDY 1 7 7 9 1 8 6 1 .

The American Revolution brought extensive changes . M r .

o ne o f Of J efferson , as the committee revisers appointed by the

f 1 7 7 6 t o Legislature o Virginia in , prepared a bill intended make William and Mary the University o f the State and head of the general educational syst em designed by him . It reduced the Board o f Visitors from twenty to five and instead o f a president and six professors provided for a president and seven professors . 1 7 79 The bill was submitted to the Legislature in , but was never acted o n . And yet M r . Jefferson was not entirely defeated of his purposes . Being the same year elected governor , he , during r his stay in Williamsburg in the palace of the royal governo s , COLLEGE OF WI LLIAM AND M A RY . 7 made most o f the changes contemplated by his bill in the curri c ulum o f the institution . I n connection with President Madison f o the College , he caused the Board to abolish the Grammar

School and the Divinity School , and in their places to introduce f o . schools of modern languages , municipal law , and of medicine The professor of Moral Philosophy was required to add to his f subj ects International Law and the fine arts . The school o Modern Languages thus introduced was the first in the United

States , and has continued with some interruption to the present

o f time . Charles Bellini , a native Florence , Italy , was the first professor .

o The School f Law , which was also the first in the United 1 w 1 8 6 . States , had a distinguished existence do n to The cele

r t b a e d George Wythe , preceptor of both Thomas Jefferson and

John Marshall , was the first professor . He was eminently practical in his teachings , which were by lecture and by moot courts and moot legislatures held in the o ld deserted Capitol * building at the other end of the Main Street . St . George

Tucker followed the example of his predecessor , and his edition f ’ “ 1 803 o Blackstone s Commentaries , published in , containing his notes on the Virginia and United States constitutions and

o n . statutes , was the first American text book the law The f l School o Medicine , which was second only to that at the Co 1 7 79 lege of Philadelphia , lasted only four years ( when its M l . c C ur professor , the famous Dr James g , removed to Rich mond . The reforms Of 1 7 79 in regard to the professorships were not

r permanent in other respects , for the Grammar School was e e 1 792 1 8 1 2 stablished in and continued till , when it was again I 2 . t 1 8 6 w susp ended _ was revived in under Dabney Bro n and 1 8 after several other suspensions was finally abolished in 8 8 . I t 1 8 2 1 was not till that Latin and Greek , under Rev . Reuel K eith , was for the first time made regular college studies , but K . o ne c M r eith left after year , and the Grammar S hool had exclusive charge of these subj ects as of Old . This lasted till

* ' d r r r l a m n a a t e 1 . a M I . 83 I . 2 2 7 6 8 0 Se e e o n Wil i y Qu ly V , , X , , , Judg J h ’ ’ t f t h e s e t r e s Le tte r s a n T o t T T e r s a c o n o W d i m e s h e le rs 1 2 4 . yl c u y l c u , f y , , 9 8 BULLETIN OF THE

1 83 8 , when they at last formed a permanent place in the regula r

Pro fe s s o r /B ro w n a college curriculum under , the Grammar M ster , who had special classes in the College proper .

1 84 e n 1 In 7 Presid nt James Madiso , to whom in 7 79 Natural

c a Philoso phy and Mathemati s had been ssigned , was relieved o f c Mathemati s , and , in connection with Natural Philosophy , was given the subj ects o f Political Economy and Inter national

P lit i a l Law . This was the first time O c Economy was taught in * any American College . It is interesting to know that his text ’ “ books were Adam Smith s great work , Inquiry into the Nature ’ “ o f o f Va t t e ll and Sources the Wealth Nations , and s Law oi ”

. w Nations After ards John Augustine Smith , who held the

1 8 1 4 - 1 8 2 6 d e cla r e d presidency from , Tin a preface to a published synopsis of his lectures on government that he was then (1 8 1 7) the only teacher o f Political Science in any American Colleg a i

- Still later President Thomas R . Dew (1 83 6 18 4 6) gave the most comprehensive courses in Political Economy , Political Science ,

a nd International Law , the history of ancient and modern na ” tions . His published lectures , The Restrictive System , “ t o f and his Diges the Laws , Customs , Manners and Institutions f o f Ancient and Modern Nations , cover a wide range o thought a nd are worthy o f study I n the class room to day History appears to have been first taught at William and Mary

1 3 . e in 80 , when the historian , Hugh L Girardin , succe ded Charles

Bellini as professor of Modern Languages , and had also the sub t jects o f History and Geography attached o his duties . After

o t o 18 05 o f his rem val Richmond in , the teaching history was f Ke 1 2 1 o . 8 w h o discontinued till the arrival Rev Reuel ith in , , u in addit ion to the ancient languages and English history , ta ght ’ f r - o two years American History , using Ramsay s History of

America as his text book . The subj ect was taken up again in

2 . 1 8 6 by Thomas R Dew , who taught ancient and modern his

e . co n tory , including Unit d States History The study was tin ned from that time .

In another important particular a reform occurred in 1 7 79 .

* 1 . a m a nd M a r o e e a r t e r I 1 82 I . 7 8 I . 4 2 Willi y C ll g Qu ly V , , X V , , X X ,

I b id I 2 06 . T XX , ’

A o f Dr m t s s no s i s i n t h e o e e r a r . I co py . S i h y psi C ll g lib y F COLLEGE O WILLIAM AND M A RY . 9

The degrees previous to 1 7 79 had been made to depend on length O of attendance , as at Cambridge and xford , but in this year they were made to depend o n the qualifications of the candi

dates and his mastership of a prescribed course . Dating from

9 o f 1 7 7 , the College was often called the University William and

Mary .

c ur e Pri nc l Th e Le t i p e . While the usual course of teaching

during the colonial regime was by text books and set tasks , lec

1 7 2 . . 6 turing was not unknown As early as , according to M r

Jefferson , Dr . William Small gave regular lect ures in Ethics , 1 7 79 Rhetoric , and Belles Lettres . After the reorganization in

b o o k ‘ w a s the system of lecturing became general , and the text

accepted as merely an aid to t h e work of the professor . P f Ho n o r ri nci p le . This was another feature o the reform in f 1 7 79 . With the abolition o the Grammar School ridding the

o f College small boys , some grown men , including army officers ,

Old attended the College , to whom , obviously , of course , the

academic restrictions would have been repugnant . The prin cip le first finds official expression in the rule o f 1 7 84 requiring the students to take a pledge t o respect the rules of the i n s t it u “ tion , and particularly such as require that kind of conduct w hich they shall think most conducive to the honor and pros ” r p e it y of the University . This rule received amplification in * a circular issued by the Board in 1 8 1 5 . It was the custom

" that the signing o f the pledge should take place o n the Saturday

o f after the opening the College , in the presence of the assembled

students , the Faculty , and some of the most respectable gentle f ” “ o . r men the town This was done , as the ci cular said , as an appeal to that high sense of honor , which is well known to char ‘ ” “ a ct e r i ze t h e o ut h o f t o y Virginia , and supercede , if possible , in the necessity o f interference o n the part o f the parents which w f is al ays harmful , and of severity on the part o the Society , which is always disagreeable , and at the same time to give virtue ” every practical support . The temporary departure from the strict letter o f this s ystem

r r i . 8 a r nt e n a m a n d a r o e e a r t e r . ci cul p i d Willi M y C ll g Qu ly XXV , p p 2 2 355 1 . 1 0 BULLETIN OF THE during the adm i nistration of President John Augustine Smith is claimed t o have been the cause of the decline of the College dur ing his term (1 8 1 4 4 He persuaded the Board to pass a statute requiring the students t o testify against o n e another o n * o f i penalty expulsion , and the students bitterly resented t . 1 8 2 6 1 830 President Smith resigned in , and in the Board passed L a remarkable s t a t ut e j ever afterwa rds the rule that the word of the students given o n honor should hereafter be accept ed w ith “ o ut . e . question , because the convocation (i , the Board) is satisfied that no student will degrade himself by a falsehood ” and that an appeal to his honor will never be made in vain . In 1 834 Judge Nathaniel Beverley Tucker made an a dd r e s s T to his law class in which he fully expressed the System o f Honor “ under which the College was conducted . There was no ” f espionage and no impertinent surveillance o the student . “ ” “ ” His honor , declared the Judge , was the only witness, and s h o uld h e b e e ve n ca p a ble of p re va ri ca ti o n o r fa ls e h o o d w e a dm i t ” of n o p ro of of th e fa ct . The system was said to be not one of f ” yesterday , but o ne o long experience . As Judge Tucker had been a student of the College himself in 1 80 1 and his fathe r ’ s a family had resided continuously in Willi msburg , he doubtless intended to describe the system which had practically prevailed f at the College long antedating the statute o 1 830 .

1 84 7 a dd r e s s In , in another , I Judge Tucker again referred at considerable length to the subject and declared that William and Mary had set the example to all other colleges as “ a school of “ honor , substituting candid appeals to the better feelings of the student and a frank reliance on his honor , for espionage , ” severity and the restrai n ts o f the Cloister .

l a E le cti ve Pri n ci p e . Another of the features of the reorg niza tion in 1 7 79 o f William and Mary was the Elective Principle .

r. Its beginnings , however , are some years earlie There was a great demand fo r surveyors t o lay o ut lands in the western coun 1 7 70 t o ties , and in the Board passed an order permit a student

* 1 B e . 3 . o n . e a w Sée s t a t e m e nt o f J h S ll , Ibid XXIV , - r e e a r t r 1 65 1 66 . TW illi a m a n d M a y Co ll g Qu e ly XVIII , - I i 1 1 7 1 . I b d , 66 ND 1 1 COLLEGE O F WI LLIAM A M A RY . t o enter the mathematical school without the preliminary train ing of the Grammar School in Latin and Greek . This was the “ ” “ ” beginning o f the distinction between regular and irregular * o f f students . Full recognition the principle o election came at the reorganization in 1 7 79 when it was resolved by the Board f that a student o n paying pds . o tobacco might attend any

o n . two of the schools , and paying pds of tobacco any three f o . o f t h e m . T I n this regulation we doubtless see the hand M r

Jefferson . A letter written the same year by President James Madison o f the College to President Stiles o f Yale College affords interesting contemporary e v id e nce zi The doors o f

no r the University (William and Mary College) are open to all , is even a knowledge in the ancient languages a previous requisite f o r entrance . The students have the liberty of attending when

e o r they pleas and in what order they please , all the different f . o lectures in a term , if they think proper The time taking de grees was formerly the same as in Cambridge , but now depends H . e upon the qualifications of the candidate . has a certain

o ut fo r course pointed for his first degree , and also the rest , when

Master of either the degree is conferred . Commenting upon

* a m a nd t 1 2 M a r a r e r III 5 . Willi y Qu ly X , TE xt r a ct f r o m t h e Jo ur n a l o f t h e Pre si de nt a n d M a s t e rs o r Pr o fe ss o rs o f t h e Co lle ge o f Willia m a nd M a r y i n Vir gin ia :

r h 1 7 . De c . 2 9t , 7 9 At a m e e tin g o f t h e Pr e s ide nt s Pr o fe s s o rs o f W m M a r y Co lle ge un de r t a t t e a s s e t h r h r D r s e s t o s t e o t d o f e ce m 1 7 7 . u p d by vi i f u h a y be , 9 Pr e se nt : a m e s a di s o n r t r o r o r o a t e J M , P e s ide n P fe s so f Na t u a l Philo s phy M h m a t lo s . t Ge o r e e r o e ss o r o f La w o i t cs . g Wy h , P f P l i m l r a e s M cC u r o e ss o r o f An a t o m M e ne . J g , P f y dici Ro e r t n r e s r o r f o r t h e La s o f a t re b A d w , P o fe s s o M a l Philo s o phy, w N u o f Na t o ns o f h F r i , t e ine A t s . r B a e s e n r o e o r o f o e r n La n a e s . Ch l lli i , P f s s M d gu g

e s o e t a t r . r t r f h e r t da . R lv d , h M An d e w s a c a s Cle k o t e So ci t y f o his y e s o e a i m n e f o r R lv d, t h t t h e Le ct ure s n t h e diffe re nt s cho o ls s ha ll co m e c t h n n e e s ui g ye a r o n t h e 1 7 t h o f Ja nua r y . Fo r t h e E n co r m n u a ge e nt o f S cie ce . Re s o e t a t a n n t o a n n s o f To lv d, h St ude nt o n pa yin g a n ua lly o e h us d po u d a o s h a ll b e n h l n r o r s v i z b cc e t itle d t o a t t e n d a ny t w o o f t e fo l o w i g P o fe s s , o f La w o ce o f r a a t e m a t s o f o r a P li , Na t u l Philo so p hy M h ic , M l o s o t h e La w s o f Na t re a n o f t h e ne a r t s t a t f o r t e e n Phil phy , u N t io s , fi , h fif n re o n h h n n h re e r o e ss o r s t h e hu d d p u ds e s a ll b e e t itle d t o a t t e d t e t h s a id P f , fe e s t o b e p a id a t t ha t Pe r io d o f t h e ye a r w he n t h e Co urse s o f Le ct ure s co m

m e nce . illi m 1 . W a a n d M a r a r t e r H st o r a M a a z ne I . 2 5 I y Qu ly i ic l g i XV , 1 2 B ULLETIN O F THE this and the other interesting changes mad e at William and Mary

1 7 79 . in , Dr Franklin Snow pronounced the curriculum a t Vvl l “ Of o f liam and Mary broader than that any its contemporaries , ” ” and unique in its absolute freedom .

t o S f It is proper tate , however , that this freedo m o the student “ in subsequent years did not continue o n paper quite as a b s o ”

. 1 lute as Dr Snow states it . "In 7 8 8 it appears to have s uffered “ ‘ the restriction s o f a statute which limited the right o f ch o i ce t o “ w h o o f those students have attained the age twenty years ,

t o and wish to study law , or those who shall appear after due examination to have made the necessary a c i re ments elsew here . That this statute , however , practically left f the door Open is shown by a letter o M r . Jefferson written in ” 1 8 2 1 t o Francis Eppes four years before the Opening of the ’ “ t e z University . He w ro f The students there (at William and Mary) a r e allowed to attend the schools o f their choice and those

' branches of science only w hich w ill be useful to t h e m i n the line ” f f 1 8 2 7 ro o . o life they p ropose The statute July 6, 1 , after p v idi n fo r o f g a regular course , permitted , as old , a departure from it , in the discretion of the Faculty , and this , as the books of

s o r the Faculty show , practically meant whenever the tudent parent might desire it . Students w ere e ntered in the matricula “ ” “ ” o r tion book still preserved as regular irregular , according ‘ l t o c r t . o as they took the pres ribed course o n o We earn , , from a

o f . 5 letter Professor Thomas R Dew (July , that many Of

w h o the students came up from the Grammar School were . ir ” 1 n regular , and found his extra class history , which was outside “ ” o f fo r . the regular course degrees , a great accommodation This division of the student into regular and irregular is men t io ne d 18 4 1 - 1 84 2 w t in the Catalogue of , here it is stated hat ‘ ‘ ’ ‘ ’ re nla r o r i r r e ula r every student , whether g g , pays the same for board or matriculation

William B . Rogers , who was a student and instructor at the

* — 2 6 . 1 . . 2 3 Se e Sta tute s e tc . 7 92 I 5 59 , , bid XX , ; XXV ,

e e r s o n 4 . J ff , III , 83 i i m a r a r t e r a a z ne s ta t ut e n W llia a n d M y Qu ly M g i XXV ,

A o o f t s a t a lOue t h e e a r ie s t I a e s e e n is o n i n t h e L ra r § c p y hi C g , l h v , f u d ib y o f Co ngr e ss . COLLEGE O F WILLIAM AND M ARY . 3

1 8 20 t o 1 8 2 5 College from , and afterwards succeeded his father , K o P . . Rogers , as Professor of Natural Philos phy and Chemistry , makes this interesting reference * in his legislative report in

o f o f 1 84 5 . (He was then chairman the Faculty the University “ f of Virginia . ) Many years before the establishment o the University the privilege of an election o f studies was allowed at

William a nd Mary . Within her venerable precincts liberal methods of instruction found a home before they were adopted b o f y the thronged and applauded colleges New England , and in her halls were delivered by Bishop Madison the first regular courses o f lectures on political sci e nce and political economy ” ever given in the United States . The rule o f elect ion in later years is stated in the Catalogue “ of 1 8 54 as follows : Each student shall be permitted to atte nd such classes as he may select , provided in the Opinion of the Faculty he be competent to pursue the studies of such classes with profit , and further provided he attend at least three de p a r t m e n t s unless the Faculty should allow him t o attend a less ” number .

E xa m i na ti o ns . During this period there were no entrance examinations , and the students matriculated , as a matter of 1 5 . course , provided they were of sufficient years ( years) Their continuance in college was tested by their examinat ions during

e o f t h the t rm , which for most e period were oral and public and occurred twice a year— in the middle and at the end of the

year . What year written examinations w ere introduced I do

1 84 8 . l not know , but it was probably before The fo lowing advertisement gives an idea o f the extent and character of the instruction in th is p e r IOd : I LI W L AM A ND MA RY COLLE GE . A u us t 1 1 0 8 2 9 . g , Th e o e e w O e n a s s a — Th e ra m m a r c o o h r d d C ll g ill p u u l G S h l o n t e fi s t a y, a n r r t h e o t he s cho o ls o n t h e la st M o nda y in Oct o be . — o ra o rs e : Th e R e v . a m E m e r o e ss o r B e e s Le t t re s R e t o r M l C u Ad pi , P f ll , h ic , ’ ’ — Lo a n d M o r a o s o . Te t o o s B a r s Le ctur e s He e s Lo i c gic , l Phil phy x b k l i , dg g , ’ P a n d Pa le y s h i lo s o p h y.

— La w o rs e : e a m e s m e r o e o r L n l . C u Judg J Se pl , P f ss a w a d Po ice Te xt ’ — b o o k Tucke r s B la cks to n e . — H o t a o rse : T o m a s R . De w r o e s s o r st o r M e t a s cs P li ic l C u h , P f i y , phy i , L r m nt N t r a a nd Na t o na a w o e n e a nd o a E n . e t a u l i l , G v P lit ic l co o m y T x

*

i . o r I . 1 Ro e r L e o i lli a m B R e s 4 0 . g s , f f W g , , 1 4 BULLETIN OF THE

’ o o s — T e r s E le m e nts B r o w n a r e He e Va t t e l Lo Ro ss a b k yl , b idg d by dg , , ck, u e u , h ’ t t a n d Sm I t s We a l h of Na i o ns . d o i a r — e m a a n s o o s e : W m . B . Ro e rs r o e s s o r e m t r Ch ic l Phil ph c l C u g , P f Ch is y , r a o B o t a n a nd Na t r a o i Mine l gy , y u l Phil s o phy , w it h t s a pplica t io n t o t h e ’ ’ — M e c a n Ar t s . Te t o o s e s t e r s Ch e m i s tr Ro e r s I ntr o ducti o n h ic x b k W b y, g , ’ a n d C a v a llo s Na tura l Ph i lo s o p h y. — M a t e m a t ca o r s e : Fe r ina n S . a m e r o e s so r Ge o m e t r h i l C u d d C pb ll , P f y , A e r a a n e a n d S e r ca Tr o n o m e t r S r e in M e ns ra lg b , Pl ph i l ig y, u v y g , u t io n , Co n ic ’ — Se t o ns F o ns a n d As t ro no m . Te t o o s H t t o n s M a t e m a t cs c i , luxi y x b k u h i , ’ ’ ’ F int s s r e n n e s Co n i c Se cti o ns a nd Fluxi o ns a n d Gre l u v yi g , Vi c , go ry s

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— M o e r n La n a e s : . de La e na r o e ss o r Th e Fr e n S a n d gu g C P , P f ch , p ish a n d

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h o a r w a s n o n e & . m Ont s , b d, hi g , l dgi g , fu l, c , r t n Fe e f o t ui io .

T o s e o f a St e nt i n a Se s s o n f o r o a r w a s i n a h ud i , b d , h g , fue l , c ndl e s n o f s e r a nt s &c a nd a t t e n da ce v , r r o e ss o rs 2 0 e a c Fe e s t o t h e e P f , $ h r ra r f e e M a t r icula t io n o lib y .

e nt m a a t t e n o t e r e t r e s b ut h a h A La w s t ud y d h l c u , if e t t e n d t e La w r e s o n h i s e e ns e s w b e f o r o a r o n w a s n e Le ct u ly , xp ill , b d, l dgi g , hi g , fu l , h s a t t e n a n e o f s e r a nt s & c . r o m t e a st o n a i n r ca ndl e , d c v , , f l M d y Oct o be , t h e co rs e o m m e n e s t o t h e e i nn n o f t h e a s t w e e i n r w he n u c c , b g i g l k Ap il , w he n it m us t clo se r i t i o n o r L r a r f e e w i w e n h M a t cula ib y , h ch ill t it le t e s t ude nt t o t h e h L L r a r o n i t i n f fr e e use o f t e a w ib y, c s s g o a co lle ct io n o f w e ll s e le ct e d s s t e t o h i s o rs e o f s t i n a t o n t o t h e e ne r a ra r b o o k , ui d c u udy, ddi i g l lib y . r Fe e t o t h e Pr o fe s so .

$ 1 09 ’ Th e La w s t ude nt s ho uld fur ni s h him s e lf w it h t h e t e xt bo o k— Tucke r s a cks to n e a n d t h e Re vi s e d Co de h e o t a so t o r n w it h im a ll t h e Act s B l , : ugh l b i g h ’ e m s n ce 1 8 1 9 t h e o m i a t i o n o f t h e t s o f o n re s s t h e e s o n s o f Ass bly i , c p l Ac C g , s s i

h m a n a n d t h e Fe de r a li s t . Act s s in ce t e co pil t io , r i a e i n a a n ce o ne - a w e n t h e t n e n r e B o a d s pa y bl dv ; h lf h s ude t t e s c o lle g , r a n d t h e o t he r ha lf w he n t h e co u s e h a s t e rm i na t e d . r o a r i n o n e o i r o f St ude nt s a e b o un d t bo d C lle ge , u le s s t h y bt a n pe m iss io n F r e w e r e w i c ca n o nl b e r nt e n h r e n t h e a cult y t o bo a d e ls h , h h y g a d upo t e w it t f t h e a re nt o r a r i a n a n d o n o n t o n t a t n o m o re i s a r e "ue s t o p gu d , up c di i h p id by

t he m t ha n by t h e bo a r de r s i n Co lle ge . B o r e r o f t h e Fa y d cult y , ’

DA B NE Y B R OW NE e e r . , S y Na t i o n a l I nt e lh e n ce r Ra e r B a m o re h . S . Te e r a St a t T e U l g ph , g , l igh , l i r o ca t e a nd c m o n r r Am e r ica n Cha lo t t e sville Adv , Ri h d Whig a e e "ue st e d t o , Th e He r a a d e t e r r i n . s ld D m n o n t e publis h t h s no t ice o ce ld n P bu g O o i i , w ic , m e n d a a n a o t t h e r s t o f Oct o e r a n d o rw a r t e r a o o n ce a t t his t i , a g i b u f i b , f d h i t n o f c m o n t h e B r a r o f t h l f o r E d . r a R s e o e e a co unt s t o M r . Ch is i i h d, u C l g , p y

m e nt . 1 COLLEGE O F WILLIAM AND M A RY . 5

PRESENT SYSTEM OF IN STRUCTI ON .

1 8 65 When the war for Southern independence collapsed in , the College , which had been closed for four years , resumed ex e rcis e s as soon as the buildings could be put in any shape . I n 1 88 1 struction was imparted and continued until , when the Board o f Visitors , disappointed in their hop es of Obtaining reimburse

e ment from Congress for damages done by the Fed ral soldiers , and deeming it impossible to support a Faculty and pay the i h t e r e s t o n o f the debt incurred in behalf the late building , deter

co n mined to suspend further instruction . The suspension

i e d 1 8 88 w t n u until , when the State rene ed the connection which prevailed during the colonial period and had been discontinued since the Revolution . A bill was approved by the governor 5 1 8 8 8 n M ay , , appropriati g annually to its support on condition that the College should keep up in connection with it s regular courses a system o f normal instruction and training .

The patron of this bill in the Senate of Virginia was Hon . James

N . Stubbs , and in the House of Delegates the patron was Hon .

rw . Lyon G . Tyler , soon afte ards made President The go vern ment was to be administered by a Board o f twenty— ten hold ing under the charter and ten appointed by the governor , with

- the Superintendent o f Public Instruction as member e x offi ci o .

This led at once to an extension of the collegiate work , and new f departments were added from time to time . A rigid system o accountability was introduced and many improvements were 1 w made . After 8 years the College a s absolutely transferred to 5 1 906 the St ate by an act approved by the Governor March , , a nd accepted by the Board of Visitors soon after . I ts present

: government is administered by a Board of eleven members , viz t h e Superintendent o f Public Instruction and ten gentlemen appointed by the Governor for four years each . Thus while the College still adheres to all that is best in its

e past , the lecture , honor and elective principles , and a high grad of instruction in the classics and the sciences , it has introduced classes in education and the industrial arts , and makes the train ing of teachers fo r the public high schools o n e o f the chief pur poses o f its existence . Entrance to the College is now based 1 6 BULLETI N OF TH E

upon examination , or on the production of a certificate of gradua t i a ion signed by the pr ncipal of a st ndard high school , or other f o . institution equal rank The degrees Bachelor of Arts , t Bachelor of Science , and Master of Ar s are , after the example

o f all modern institutions , regulated by the credit sys tem . in 1 1 There are now the College a President and full professors , o f a director athletics and five instructors , as well as a registra r

i - and librar an . As set out in the Cat alogue (1 9 1 5 1 9 1 6)"th e a re E E La n subj ects taught Politics and conomics , nglish guage" e n and Literatur , General History and America History, Mathe

“ m a t ics u M r , Chemistry , Biology , Ed cation , Physics , o d e n La n _

. guages , Philosophy and Psychology , Latin and Greek . The

public graded and high school of Williamsburg , under the j oint t h e control of the City School Board and College , constitut es the Observation and Practice School fo r the Department of Th . e O Education buildings , occupied by this school , are not n

the sam e g no und s as those of the College campus . The Primary grades are taught in a building - belonging to the College situated ’ upon the site of the colonial govern o r s palace more than a half

m ile f rom the College . This building was erected in 1 8 70 out

of the funds left by M rs . Mary Whaley many years before the American Revolution for a free school Her noble purpose of “ honoring the name o f - her son Mattey by furnishing education free t o children is carried out on a scale doubtless never contem

o f plated by her . (See History the Mattey Whaley School ,

- 1 . 3 5 e Hi s to r o William and Mary Quarterly , IV , ; Tyl r , y f

bur 2 1 8 Wi lli a m s g ,

FI NANC ES . The charter provided for the uses of the proposed College the following funds and sources of revenue : (1 ) The sum o f 2 10 . 1 4 S . d arising out of the Quit rents in Virginia ; ( ) the pro c e e d s O f the t a x imposed by an Act of Parliament passed in the year 1 673 of o n e penny per pound upon all the tobacco exported a l ; (3) ro fit s o f without bond from M ry and and Virginia the p l

- Vi r I n I a - t heOffice o f surveyor general in g , amounting to one sixth of t h e fees of the surveyors ; (4 ) acres of land i n King r s c William County , and ac e upon the Bla kwater in th e

1 8 BULLETI N OF THE

4 ‘ £3 0 . 8 There was an apparent balance annually of 3 , s /2 current money, but this balance was to be discounted by the ’ f r S dues outstanding o board , amounting at Lady Day (March 1 2 7 9 765 £ 3 6 . f r , to , , and o bonds gi ven by the different benefactors for the support of th eir private scholarships o r d f o . B foun ations , So that as a matter fact , as M r lair “ n o f wrote , I stead the College gaining this aforementioned f 1 £34 3 0 . o 8 ( 1 . balance s 2 per annum , her an nu al disburse

" ‘ ments will vastly exceed the whole annual produce of a ll h e r ” funds . At the time o f the Revolution the revenue o f the College I S * said to have been but we have no statement of the e x

a n penses , nor y inform at ion as to how much the outstanding i ilit i la b e s u . i s amo nte d to The truth , there was little system

n m o f i o r i the anagement the f nances , either before after the o f Revolution , and the indulgences long credits entailed confusion s and los .

A S th e A m e r I far as material considerations were concerned ,

Can Revolution was very unfavorable to the College . The r College lost the B afferton fund , and all the revenues derived ’ - from the General Assembly , except surveyors fees , from which 1 8 1 8 some little revenue was received till , when the General

Assembly took this away also . After the Revolution the total 7 1 £ 5 0 . 9 r cash capital was , o Fortunately it still

n o f es i n possessed exte sive tracts lands , and its real tate was creased i h 1 7 84 by the p ublic lands in and around Williamsburg and Jamestown , voted to the College by the Assembly . The real estate was as follows : (1 ) acres acquired from the Crown of England in King William County ; (2 ) acres ac"uired from the same s ource in Sussex and Isle of Wight Counties on the south side o f the Blackwater Swamp ; (3) 330 acres constituting the College tenement acquired from Col . Thomas Ballard by deed in 1 694 ; (4 ) acres i n Nottoway

County purchased o ut - o i t h e granted in 1 734 by the Legislature ; (5 ) lands granted to the College by the Assembly

4 — h 2 2 9 w Ed in 1 7 8 t e Palace lands ( acres) , after ard sold to

* Willia m a nd M a r y His t o rica l Ca t a lo gue f o r 1 87 0 . r o f e a m e s Se m e A r 1 4 1 82 5 r e o r e I n t h e Fa t TR e p o t Judg J pl , p il , , c d d cul y m inut e s . 1 COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND M A RY . 9

1 83 mund Randolph) and the Vineyard lands ( acres , afterwards sold to James Innis) , near Williamsburg ; two Hornsby lots and other lots and houses in Williamsburg ; and lands near James

: 1 02 town , viz % acres (sold to Champion Tra vis) , acres t o 3 74 (sold William Lee) , % acres (sold to William Wilkinson) ,

300 acres (sold to Warburton) . There were also t w o lots in th e town o f Hampton .

o f Most this land was gradually sold off , and an endowment ’ fund was accumulated . According to Judge James Semple s 1 8 24 report in July , , it amounted then to The numbe r of acres in the county of King William remaining to the College in that year was and in the county o f Sussex

acres . The total value o f all t h e property of the College 1 8 2 5 in , including the Brafferton building but excepting the ’ a President s house , the m in College building and College tene 330 i ment of acres , was est mated at In 1 8 5 9 a fire accidentally occurred which burned the main f building erected after the fire o 1 705 . I t w a s restored chiefly through the insurance money and private subscriptions . I n 1 860 the prod ’uctive endowment fund amounted to yielding an income of At that time the College had very little land left except the College campus . Next came the war and the main College building was again burned and the other buildings either destroyed o r much i n

cr i j ured . Most o f these were restored again chiefly by s ub s p tions , but a portion of the endowment , which had been invested f s . in Con ederate bond , was lost The remainder was later much reduced b y bad investments and debts incurred in the effort to maintain a Faculty . Finally the College exercises were sus i n 1 8 8 1 1 8 8 8 pended , and at the reorganization in the endowment

did no t fund exceed net . It has been since gradually raised to inclusive of the library endowment . M uch t h e greater part of this sum arose o ut of the w is e i nv e s t m e nt in Virginia bonds of the indemnity for damages during the war voted by the Federal government in 1 893 . The present endowment yields a revenue of and the State contributes to the

* Fa t m cul y in ut e s . 2 0 BULLETIN OF THE

o f o f 4 support the College in addition to this the sum $ 5 , 000

annually . The State has also been liberal in making special

f o r appropriations improvements , new buildings , and the pur o f chase"land , and all the College structures are well supplied m i S with odern furniture and prov ded with electric lights , te a m

w . heat , and artesian ell water (For a detailed statement o f the , “ R e o r t f College property and accounts , see p o t he President of ” h e n f t College to the Superinte dent of Public Instruction , o r

1 2 - 1 9 1 9 1 3 . the school year , p

C " P E TC . S HOLA RSHI S , PRI ES ,

Sch o la rs h i p s . The scholarships established in the College before the Revolution were : The ten public scholarships a r I s m g from the act of the Assembly in 1 7 1 8 and the act in 1 74 5 im posing duties upon and the Si x p r 1v a t e scholarships : ’ ’

C o l . 1 2 Hill s , founded by Edward Hill s will in 7 0 amounting £ 1 5 0 b t 2 £ 00 . to , which was increased y Robert Car er to (It £ 1 0 ’ a . yielded per nnum) ; Bray s Scholarship , founded by M rs O 1 8 1 7 1 6 f C l o o . Sarah Bray , who died ctober , , widow Thomas

’ o f Ke £ 200 Bray , New nt , ; Harrison s Scholarship , founded by “

. ar M rs Elizabeth H rison , daughter of John Smith , of Purton ,

C o l . o f £300 2 t h and widow of Henry Harrison , Surry , , paid 5 1 73 6 ’ £5 00 September , ; Blair s Scholarship , , donated by Presi de nt James Blair and increased by £ 1 00 left in (1 74 3 )

£30 o f £ 1 3 yielding , which sum was paid annually to the table ,

£ 1 2 fo r £ 5 o n e clothing , and annually for scholar at the Williams ’ ' c d 1 74 9 burg Free School ; Lightfoot s S holarship , founde in f t h e o . by will Philip Lightfoot , Esq , of Yorktown and Sandy

‘ fo r t w o t o C o ll e e a s Point , poor scholars be brought up at the g f * ministers o the Church of England . By the Revolution these

“

funds were lost , and the scholarships were discontinued . No new s cholarships were founded in the interval between the Revolution and the war o f 1 8 6 1 B ut soon after the peace scholarships of each affording free tuition were established by W . W . Corcoran , James T . Souter , Rev . Robert . Graves , — J ” f H h . Th e a ct o 1 8 8 8 a n d o n . Hug Blair Grigsby for a union

* - R m i F e s ri 1 9 1 2 . e po r t o f Judge Ja m e s Se ple n a cult y Minut , Ap l , 8 5 COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MA RY . 2 1 with the State established 1 3 2 scholarships for students w h f'o would pledge to teach in the public schools . Since that time

— Robert M . Hughes founded two scholarships o n e called the James Barron Hope Scholarship , awarded for the best poem in the College Literary Magazine , and the other called the Pi

K o f appa Alpha Scholarship , awarded to some member the Pi Kappa Alpha Fraternity for the best translation published in the Magazine . I n addition to these , Hon . W . J . Bryan , acting f by authority , selected the College as a beneficiary o the Philo Bennett Fund ; and the Phi Beta Kappa Society established a scholarship in recognition of the claims o f the Alpha Virginia

Chapter as the parent chapter of the order . Some years ago the Massachusetts Institute of Technology established a scholar ship at that institution to be enjoyed by a graduate o f this C o l “ ” M e m o r I a l lege . Finally the Smoot Scholarship was estab li s h e d in 1 9 1 3 .

1 7 7 0 t o Pri ze s . In Lord Botetourt presented the College sufficient money to buy two large gold medals each year for

t o s four years to be given , respectively , the best tudent in philosophy and the best student in the Classics . They were

: 1 7 7 2 awarded as follows for excellence in philosophy , , Nathaniel 1 7 73 1 7 74 t 1 7 75 Burwell ; , David Stuart ; , Joseph Eggles on ; ,

Fo r 1 7 7 2 John White . excellence in the classics , , James Madi

o f 1 7 73 son (afterwards President the College) ; , Samuel Sheild ;

1 7 74 1 7 75 . , Walker Maury ; , Thomas Evans The dies from f which they were struck are still the property o the College . _ f The editor o the American Journal for Numismatics , Boston , “ s Mas , declared that it is believed that they were the first m edallic prizes Offered in what is now the United Stat es . Three f 1 o the gold medals were found to be in existence in 895 . (Wil

2 V . 0 1 4 4 2 7 2 70 . 63 7 . 0 liam and Mary Quarterly , I I I , , , ; IV , ; , , 1 66 Hi s to r o Wi lli a m s b ur ; Tyler , y f g ,

1 o f In 8 93 Earle Walter Blodgett , New York , an alumnus ,

o f a n d donated two medals , one gold one of silver , to be awarded annually in the School o f Mathematics . They have ceased with the discontinuance of the funds .

B ui ldi ngs . I t was first proposed to build the College at York 2 2 BULLETI N OF THE

town , but the General Assembly decided in favor of Middle

w . r 1 Plantation , af ter ards Williamsburg He e in 693 a tract o f

330 o i f acres west the church was purchased o Col . Thomas

£ 1 70 . Ballard for The main building was first erected . It was l t designed by Sir Christopher Wrenn , and contemp a ed a

o f rectangular structure brick with a central enclose d court . The front and n orth side was comp leted by Thomas Hadley in 1 69 7 1 , and from a drawing made by a Swiss gentleman , Franc s 1 2 , 70 r e Louis M ichel , who visited Williamsburg in , it was th e t stories and a half high , and had in front w o b alconies and a f . . . o . . porch (Va Mag Hist and Biog , XX IV . ,

“ On O 29 1 705 e ctober , , the College building thus far compl ted

w a s . l destroyed by fire The restoration o n the o d brick walls ,

W o f f hich stood intact , was slow on account lack o funds , but

. about 1 7 1 1 the wo rk was again about where i t was at the time f ” o . 1 7 2 9 f r the fire In the south wing , intended o a chapel , was 2 8 1 7 3 2 begun by Henry Cary , the builder , and on Jun e , , it saw the first religious exercises , which were held in the presence r A r of the Gove nor and ssembly. The front and no th wing w ere in the English bond and the south was in t h e Flemish bond . The rear structure in the plan o f Sir Christopher Wrenn w a s n e Ve r erected . As finished the College building was t wo stories and a half high , light ed by dormer windows o n all sides . By outside measuremen t the front was 1 3 6 feet long a nd 4 0 feet

—

60 2 5 . wide , and the wings were feet long and feet wide The wings were connected by an Open corridor o n brick arches (now h a closed a llway) o n the west side Of the front . The bricks f were made near by at a kiln , the signs o which are still apparent t h e . near present power house The recitation rooms were, in

t w o o f : the first stories the front the College Hall , where the C Grammar School was kept , was in the north wing ; the hapel

W i . f was in the south ng The rooms o the president , officers

a C . and schol rs were in the garrets over the front , hall and hapel Thus it remained for many years without any Change (1 7 3 2

o f 48 5 but at the time the accidental fire , February 8 9 the hall of the Ph ilo m a t h e a n Society occupied t h e garret space 2 3 COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND M ARY .

o f t w a s over the chapel , and the hall space the nor h wing di v id e d into a library room above and a chemical laboratory room * below . 1 8 6 1 w As rebuilt in , the College front was faced with two to ers

and the half story with the dormer windows was omitted . But

fo r 9 this appearance it did not retain very long , on September , 1 2 o f 8 6 , it was fired by Federal soldiers under the command a 1 8 6 7 Major Wheeler , and as restored again on the same walls in it resembled more closely the ancient structure w ith its cupola

in the center Of the roof . The half story and dormer windows w ere , however , omitted , as in the second restoration , and the f f walls o the wings were , in the interest o economy , only raised

- about t w o thirds of the ancient height .

Next in time was the Brafferton building , erected for the use 1 7 2 of the Indian children in 3 . The money for its erection came

out of the proceeds of the Brafferton Manor in Yorkshire , Eng

i n . land , which the funds devised by Hon Robert Boyle for “ ” pious and charitable uses were invested . The building

o f which is still standing , is Virginia brick in the Flemish bond , r is two and a half stories high , and has four rooms to each floo ,

1 2 4 . making rooms in all . I t is 54 feet long and 3 feet wide When the Boyle fund was taken away by the English court from

o f the College after the Revolution , it usually served the purpose

o ne a residence for Of the professors , but it is now used as a ’ students dormitory . (Fo r history o f the Boyle fund and the

’ I Brafferton estate n England , see William and Mary College

I . 2 1 6 . 2 2 e 0 . 4 2 Quart rly , ; IX , ; X IX , ’ On 3 1 1 7 3 2 f July , , the foundations o the President s house were

t o laid Opposite the Brafferton building . Like that building

a which was slightly sm ller , it was built of brick in Flemish bond

£650 t o by Henry Cary , cost , and is w and a half stories high

“ with dormer windows . I t was the residence of Dr . James Blair , 4 the first president , and after 1 8 years is still used for a residence

R e v o lu by the President of the College . During the American

o f tion it was the headquarters Lord Cornwallis , and after the

surrender at Yorktown was used by the French as a hospital .

* e re i s a r ude dr a w in g i n t h e Co ll e ge libra r y s ho w in g a t t his t im e a . Th V l e W o f t h e o e e n r h C ll g buildi g f o m t e r e a r . 2 4 BULLETIN OF TH E

While in their possession it was accidentally burned , but was soon restored o ut o f the proceeds of a bill Of exchange given by the French army . ’ The Brafferton building a n d President s house sta nd at a

o f a d small distance to the east the main building , n the park b e tween them was o r I g I na lly laid out in the form of a garden planted ' I 1 7 2 with evergreens . n 3 a kitchen garden was in the rear o f the main building . h These were the only buildings up to the Revolution , and wit

n r the exceptio of a boarding house , remained p actically the only 1 8 6 1 substantial buildings down to , though there appear to have

- been in addition several small frame buildings Ou the campus .

1 8 6 1 - 1 8 65 m a During the war in the in building , as already Th t a s . e in sta ed , w burned Brafferton building was much

o f . j ured , being divested all its woodwork After the war they were restored as well as t h e limited finances o f the College would e I I 1 867 permit , and the Coll ge exercises were resumed n them n

1 8 8 1 i for and continued till , when a suspens on seven years n 1 8 88 occurred . At the reorganizatio in everything was very m uch dilapidated , but the buildings were once more repaired , and the improvements have continued ever since . The build ings o f the College now co n s i s t o f the three original brick s t r uc

t h e tures described , and Ewell , Taliaferro and Tyler dormitories , the Gymnasium building , the Science hall , Library building , the ’ u th e Infirmary , the Steward s ho se , the Power Plant , Dining

— I n Hall , and the Mattey Whaley School fourteen all , of which o f eight have been erected since 1 8 8 8 . The campus seventeen i 1 8 8 t h e acres , which n 8 was all that remained Of original pur i 0 . n cha se of 3 3 acres from Col Thomas Ballard , has been

- creased t o about forty five acres .

- - 1 4 1 4 o f e a o A rm s a nd Se a l . 69 Co t f May , , the College H ralds

- o f — in London issued authority for a coat arms , which is de ’ “ scribed i n Burke s General Armory a s follows : Virginia College : i r e r. Vert a college o edific ar , masoned p p , in chief the r sing sun ” o r t : , he hemisphere of the third , or as rendered in simple English “ o f t o ld e n s un On a green field a college building silver , wi h a g , ” showing half its orb above the building . Thus , the true college

2 6 BULLETIN OF THE

2 1 798 . ‘ died August , (See William and Mary College Quarterly

XXV . , January , There was a society at William and Mary before the R e v o lu

. . A . tion known as the P D , according to Hon . William Short , writing in 1 83 1 . The letters P . D . A . were supposed to represe nt

. o o f some Latin words N thing further is known this society .

l . 1 e 7 . i B e ta K a a K Vo . (Ph pp y, , No , p ' The Phi Beta Kappa Society was organized at the Raleigh e 5 1 7 7 6 h Tavern Decemb r , , by electing as President John Heat ,

r a student from Northumberland County , afterwards a membe o f r Congress ; and as secretary , Thomas Smith , of Glouceste

o f f County , afterwards a member the Legislature , and o the 1 1 2 1 7 e 78 8 . On 79 Stat convention of May , , Captain John Mar

o f shall , then a student the College , was elected a member , and n o t - s long after Elisha Parmalee , a student from Connecticut , w a granted permission to establish chapters at Harvard and Yale . This conception o f making it an intercollegiate fraternity as a

o f i o . new bond un on between . the States wes its paternity to

Wa s . Hon . Samuel Hardy , who also a member

1 7 8 1 t h e In when the British , under General Arnold , invaded

n o t State , the society was suspended and was revived till many

1 84 9 H n . years later . In o William Short executed a commission " to Professors Thomas T . L . Snead and Silas Totten for th e pur

-

2 5 1 8 5 1 re . pose , and on June , , the chapter was established at

William and Mary . M r . Short was president of the society in 1 7 8 1 r 1 84 9 i , and afte a distinguished career , was in pass ng the h declining years of his life in Philadelphia . The war between t e

States suspended the society a second time , and it was not re i v v e d a g a I n till 1 893 .

The society had a square medal which was worn o n the person . f o . Hi s to r o This medal now takes the form a key (Tyler , y f

b ur Wi lli a m s g , The society had a seal , which was used in

- sea ling charters . Judge Archibald Stuart w a s Vice President 1 1 in 78 , and he probably carried it away with him at the sus pe nsion that year . His son , Hon . Alexander H . H . Stuart , ’ found it among his father s effects , and returned it when the

1 - society was revived in 1 8 5 1 . Since the war of 8 61 1 8 65 it

. r w . has again disapp eared The iter , however , has a distinct 2 COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND M ARY . 7

o f . recollection that Dr . R . A . Wise (son Henry A Wise) told him some twenty years ago that he had the seal in question , but inquiry since his death has failed to elicit any information as to

i ' h f . VV s e a d o its whereabouts . Dr been professor Chemistry 1 90 . 8 in the College . This seal was described by M r Stuart in

o f as Of brass , and about the size of a silver quarter , and had the K “ Greek letters Phi Beta appa engraved o n the face . On the obverse side was a socket fo r a wooden handle which had been ” removed . The charter awarded to Harvard has been pre w served , but the wax hich might have had an impression of the K seal is worn away . Yale University has lost its Phi Beta appa charter .

1 7 7 6 t o 1 7 8 1 a r o ne o f The records of the society from e . the

P i B e t a a most precious possessions of the College . (See h a K pp

7 f r o f K SO e . . o K y, Vol No , a full history the Phi Beta appa

ci e t . y ; William and Mary Quarterly Historical Magazine , IV ,

2 1 3 - 2 65 1 7 7 6 , for the published records [ See also , for f 1 8 5 1 “ ” an account o the revival in , An American University , an oration delivered before the Connecticut Beta of the Phi

K . Beta appa Fraternity at Trinity College , Hartford , Conn , 1 8 5 6 July , , by Benj amin Apthorp Gould , pamphlet printed at

1 85 6 . Hartford , Press of Case , Tiffany Company , Also see ’ “ o Avery Allen s A Ritual f Free Masonry , illustrated by numerous engravings to which is added a Ke y to the Phi Beta K O Odd appa , the range , and Fellows Societies , Philadelphia , publish ed by John Clarke ,

De ba ti ng So ci e ti e s . The earliest kno w n purely debating s o c i e t i e s L civ e r o n ia n 1 839 were the y , founded in , and the Fran linian , perhaps founded about the same time . The Phoenix and Ph ilo m a t h e a n were founded about 1 85 0 . But of course K the Flat Hat and Phi Beta appa were , in their way , debating societies .

1 76 7 . A a ra tus . pp In Dr William Small , then in England , purchased fo r the College an apparatus fo r the Department of

Natural Philosophy . It cost and contained an 3 acroma tic telescope with a triple obj ect glass % feet focus , two

' eye tubes for a s t r o no m y a n d one for day obj ects . Some of 2 8 BULLETIN OF THE

the pieces were by Edward Nairne , a famous maker Of physical apparatus . This apparatus was pronounced by Je fferson in 1 788 “ ” “ as a very fine one , and by St . George Tucker as not exceeded by any upon the continent . (William and Mary 1 8 3 College Quarterly , VI . , ; The present a p o f paratus is , with the exception of a few pieces , very recent acquisition .

f Sta tute s . Editions of the Statutes o the College were pub lis h e d 1 736 in (copy in Library of Congress) , republished in

2 - . 80 2 9 7 1 75 8 William and Mary Quarterly , XX I I , , in (copy in

’ o ne I Li brary of Congress , and n Lenox Library , New York) ;

m a nd 2 - 2 . 3 republished in Willia Mary Quarterly , XVI , 9 5 7 ; in 1 792 (copy in Virginia State Lib rary) republished in William

5 2 - 89 1 1 XX. 8 7 I and Mary Quarterly , , ; in (Copy n William and Mary College Library) ; in 1 83 7 (copy in William and Mary Col lege Library) .

l a ta lo ue . : Ge ne ra C g Passed through four editions first edition ,

1 8 5 l . 5 , compi ed by President B enj amin S Ewell ; second edition ,

1 8 59 . , revised by Professor Robert J Morrison ; third edition ,

1 8 74 . 1 8 70 ; fourth edition , (Copies of each in William and Mary

College Library . )

A f Surve yo r Ge ne ra l . mong the grants O the charter in 1 693 was the office of Surveyor General . Those who held the Office

1 62 1 - 1 2 5 previous to that time were William Claiborne , 6 ; 1 6 7 1 665 Robert Evelyn , 3 ; Thomas Loving , ; Edmund Scar

- 2 - 1 665 1 6 7 1 1 67 1 693 . borough , ; Alexander Culpeper , Then came the Deputy Surveyor Generals appointed by the Board

w h o w 1 693 - 1 708 o f Visitors under the charter , ere Miles Cary , ;

- - 1 708 1 7 1 6 1 7 1 6 1 7 2 9 . William Buckner , , and Peter Beverley , At this time (1 7 2 9) the trustees transferred the College property to the Faculty , who administered the office , and appointed the A county surveyors . fter the Revolution the power of appoint m e nt w a s taken away by the General Assembly , though the fees 1 8 1 8 were nominally continued till , in which year all connection was entirely severed by an act of the Legislature . C O LLEGE OF WILLIAM AND M A RY . 29

Li b ra r . 1 693 y Soon after the foundation of the College in ,

o f i the beginning was made a Library , but the f rst collectio n perished in the fire which des troyed the main College building 1 7 05 . in The Library started anew after the fire , and at the

o f time the American Revolution consisted of about books ,

o f o f which was a larger collection , it is believed , than that any the other colleges . It continued to grow slowly till about the 1 year 85 9 it contained about books . In that year the main building caught on fire , and the Library , with the exception o f ; o cc u a few things , was destroyed At that time the Library

a r o ld o f pied room in the north wing ove the hall the College , which had been previously used for the Grammar School , and f was then used by the Department o Chemistry as a laboratory . ’

In a year s time the College building was again restored , and the Library sta rted with volumes , obtained partly by pur

- . chase and , partly by donations of public spirited individuals

w a r 1 2 But the put a stop t o its growth . In 8 6 the main build

o n ing was set fire by Federal troops , but the books in the Library and the six portraits in the Faculty room had been removed ’ fortunately to the President s house and were preserved . After the restoration of the main building in 1 8 67 the library wa s placed in the south end . I t was separated from the chapel

e by folding doors , which enabled the two rooms to form o n hall o n 1 1 f r public occasions . In 8 8 the College suspended work o o f 1 8 8 8 want funds , and , when it started again in , under the Of 6 000 auspices the Legislature , the collection did not exceed , volumes exclusive of pamphlets . It then began to grow quite 1 9 rapidly , and in 05 the collection was esti m ated to be about volumes

‘ In the latter year a movement w a s started for more commo dio us quarters and for an endowment fund . The result was an independent library building completed in 1 908 . I t is eighty t I I m fee n length by thirty feet n breadth , and has a stack roo attached . I t at present contains about printed and manuscript volumes . I t is adorned with many portraits of m pro inent alumni , and interesting engravings Of distinguished

n 1 8 88 . scenes and persons , early all collected since Its endow 30 BULLET IN OF THE

m o f ent fund is (For a full history the library , see

4 8 - 1 . 5 William and Mary Quarterly , X IX , ; XXL , B h urge s s e s . The right of the college under its c arter to send r epresentatives to the Assembly was taken away by the consti r t ut io n o f 1 7 7 6 . The following gentlemen epresented the Col lege at different times ; John Custis in 1 7 2 0 ; Thomas Jones 1 7 20 1 7 2 2 1 7 3 6 ; Sir John Randolph , knight speaker , ; Edw ard Bar r a d a ll - 1 7 3 8 - 1 74 2 B 1 74 4 , attorney general , ; everley Randolph ,

1 74 9 - 1 7 5 2 - 1 75 7 ; Peyton Randolph , attorney general , ; George

1 75 8 - 1 7 60 1 7 6 1 - 1 7 65 1 7 Wythe , ; Mann Page , ; John Blair , 65

1 1 7 - 1 7 7 1 7 7 1 - 1 7 68 h r . 69 0 7 73 ; Jo n Blair , J , ; John Page , ; John

- 1 7 74 - 1 7 75 a r . co n Randolph , attorney gener l , ; John Blair , J , in

v e n t io n o f 1 7 76 . May ,

Stude nt E xp e ns e s . A student taking the Philosophy Sch ool in 1 7 62 was charged £ 1 3 sterling a session for board ; His fees f were £ 1 sterling to each o the two professors he attended .

o f Thus , apart from the cost books and pocket money , his ex

£ 1 5 w a s a penses were sterling , but money four times more v luable

- I 1 79 . n 7 then than now , during the American Revolution , board and entering under two professors amounted to f pds . of tobacco . Estimating this at the value o tobacco in 1 75 8— 2d a pound— it would represent about Seven teen years later the total cost to a student a session was from 1 1 8 2 1 5 0 70 . 6 $ to $ In the expenses for matriculation , attend in ance on three professors , and board , washing , lodg g , fuel and

1 1 8 54 2 2 5 2 60 . attendance were $ 8 5 . In they were from $ to $ The present total expenses o f a Virginia student at William and 1 2 a 8 . Mary is $ 98 . Students from other states p y $ 3

1 75 8 r e Sa la ri e s of Profe s s o rs . Previous to the President c e iv e d £ 1 5 0 sterling a year ; but as he was a member of the

Council of State , commissary of the Bishop Of London , and

o f minister an adjoining parish , his combined pay was between “ e five and Si x hundred pds . sterling or b tween and in present money . The two philosophy professors , who really o £80 constituted the C llege proper , received each salary and a

‘ fe e o f £ 1 from each student . Probably their salary represented in p resent money about But this sum they nearly - always contrived to do uble by officiating as ministers of the COLLEGE O F WILLIAM AND MA RY 3 1

1 adjoining parishes . In 75 8 the salary of the President was raised t o £ 200 and the salary of each o f the t w o professors t o 1 £ 00 .

o f The College , by losing the patronage the State , was very poor after the American Revolution and in 1 79 7 the salary o f the President was stated to be $600 and that of the professors $4 00

each , though this doubtless did not include fees . The acquire ment o f an endowment fund by the sale of its lands enabled the 1 8 2 College to do better . In 6 the President received ’ us e o f o f and he had the the President s House , the use the

l . garden , and of wood for fire from the Col ege land As for the professors , the professor of Chemistry and Natural Philosophy , the Professor o f Mathematics and the Professor o f Political Law received each the Professor o f Law and Police received $700 and the Professor o f Humanity (Master o f the Grammar

5 00 . School) $ In addition , each professor was entitled to a fee

Of $20 from each student who attended his classes . At present (1 9 1 6) each professor receives without any

w h o o f fees , and the salary of the President , is also Professor

Economics and Politics , is and he has the free use of the ’

President s house , which is supplied with water and lights , and heated by steam .

I OFF C E RS AND STUDENTS .

Ch a llo n ce rs .

s T i , L ; e n s o n , _ Henry Compton bi hop of ondon Thomas arch o o f f bish p Canterbury ; William Wake , archbishop o Canter bury ; Edmund Gibson , bishop of London ; Thomas Sherlock , bishop of London ; Thomas Hayter , archbishop of Canterbury ;

o f f Charles Wyndham , earl Egremont ; Philip Yorke , earl o c Hardwi k ; General George Washington , president of the United

D . . . f States ; John Tyler , LL , president o the United States ; D . . f i i Hugh Blair Grigsby , LL , president o the Virginia H s t o r ca l Soci e ty . 3 2 BULLETIN OF THE

. n ; Rev M ungo I glis , Master Of the Grammar School

. B l ck m r 1 706 t a a o e e . Rev Arthur , , Master of h Grammar School 1 1 . s 7 6 Rev M ungo Ingli , , Master of the Grammar Scho ol .

1 1 l . h 7 9 t h r m a e G a m a r h . Rev Hug Jones , , M ster of Sc o o l

u 1 7 2 - f 9 o . Josh a Fry , , Master the Grammar School

. 1 7 1 3 . Rev William Stith , , Master of the Grammar School 1 7 . d 3 7 a o . Rev E ward Ford , , Master Of the Gr mmar Sch ol

. T 1 4 7 r . Rev homas Robinson , 2 , Master of the Gramma School

R e v . r f Go o n w O 1 75 8 o t h e . y wen , , Master Grammar School

. 1 760 a o f . Rev W illiam Webb ; , M ster the Grammar School

. s 1 7 63 S . Rev James Horrock , , Ma ster of the Grammar chool

. 1 7 7 6 . Rev Josiah Johnson , , Master of the Grammar School

. G a t ki n 1 7 73 r G m . Rev Thomas w , , Maste of the ram ar School

. 7 5 Rev John Bracken , , Master of the Grammar S chool

1 2 - . . 7 9 o f Rev Jas Henderson , , Assistant , Master the Grammar

Sch o o L

u r 1 7 9 1 i a H mphrey Ha wood , , Ass stant , M ster Of the Grammar

1 8 2 f 6 o . Dabney Brown , , Master the Grammar School

. r 18 66 . William R Gar ett , , Master of the Grammar School 1 . . 8 68 . T J Stubbs , , Master of the Grammar School

. 1 8 69 o f t h e . J Wilmer Turner , , Master Grammar School “

“

1 7 1 6 . Christopher Jackson , before , Master of the Indian School

1 7 1 6 o f . Christoph er Smith , , Master the Indian School

1 2 f . . 7 0 o Rev Charles Griffin , about , Master the Indian School 2 f 1 7 9 o . Richard Cocke , before , Master the Indian School R F x 1 2 e v . n o 7 9 e J o h , , Mast r Of the Indian School

1 f . . 73 7 t e o I Rev Robert Barrett , , Mas r the ndian Schoo l

Re v . 1 73 8 e n . Thomas Dawson , , Mast r of the India School

1 - 1 . 75 5 7 7 7 S . Rev Emmanuel Jones , , Master of Indian chool

1 7 70 . Charles Bellini , , Professor of Modern Languages 1 8 03 f . G n Louis H irardi , Professor o Modern Languages

1 2 f . . 8 9 o o C de La Pena , , Pr fessor Modern Languages

1 8 5 8 o f . Edwin Taliaferro , , Professor Romance Languages

* s r e a n t h r s t a t h e a r f ca t i o n Thi fig u d e e t h t fo llo w g ive ye o "ua lifi .

3 4 BULLETIN OF THE

1 8 05 o f George Blackburn , , Professor Mathematics . 1 8 1 1 Ferdinand S . Campbell , , Professor of Mathematics} 1 833 . Robert Saunders , , Professor of Mathematics 1 4 1 8 9 a . 8 8 6 Benj min S Ewell , , , Professor of Mathematics .

. 1 9 f Th . T . o . 86 o L Snead , , Professor Mathematics . 1 888 Tho . Jefferson Stubbs , , Professor of Mathematics . 1 9 8 u 0 . John Tyler , , Adj nct Professor of Mathematics P . O . Earnest J glesby, rofessor of Mathematics 1 7 84 Rev . James Madison , , Professor of Natural Philosophy .

M Le 1 8 1 2 c a n . Dr . John , , Professor of Natural Philosophy 1 8 1 4 Dr . Thomas L . Jones , , Professor of Natural Philosophy . ’ 1 8 1 8 f o . Dr . Robert Hare , , Professor Natural Philosophy

’ 1 8 1 9 Ph il s K . h d . o o a n Dr . P Rogers , , Professor Natural p y Ch e m I s t ry . 1 8 29 D a . l r . Willi m B Rogers , , Professor Natural Phi osophy

and Ch emistry . 1 8 5 6 Dr . John M illington , , Professor Natural Philosophy and Chemistry 1 84 9 William F . Hopkins , , Professor Natural Philosophy and Chem istry 1 84 8 Benjamin S . Ewell , , Professor Natural Philosophy and

Chemistry .

i 1 86 . R chard A . Wise , 9 , Professor of Chemistry 1 8 8 8 Van F . Garrett , , Professor Natural Philosophy and

Chemistry .

K 1 90 7 o f . H . Wm . e eble , , Professor Physics

1 906 . John W . Ritchie , , Professor of Biology

1 9 1 6 a d i n te ri m . Donald W . Davis , , Professor of Biology ( ) f o n t a in e 1 7 29 o . Rev . James F , , Professor Divi nity

1 7 2 9 o f . Rev . Bartholomew Yates , , Professor Divinity f 1 74 9 o . Rev . John Camm , , Professor Divinity

1 7 70 f . Rev . John Dixon , , Pro essor of Divinity

1 7 2 9 o f . Rev . William Dawson , , Professor Moral Philosophy

1 75 2 . Rev . William Preston , , Professor of Moral Philosophy

1 75 8 o f l . Rev . Jacob Rowe , , Professor Moral Phi osophy

a 1 76 1 s o f . Rev . Richard Grah m , , Profe sor Moral Philosop hy

1 7 70 . Rev . Samuel Henley , , Professor of Moral Philosophy

1 7 7 7 . Rev . Robert Andre ws , , Professor of Moral Philosophy COLLE GE OF WI LLIAM AND M ARY 3 5

4 . 1 7 8 Rev James Madison , , Professor of Moral Philosophy 1 4 . 1 . 8 Dr J Augustine Smith , , Professor of Moral Philosophy . 1 8 2 f . . 6 o l Rev William H Wilmer , , Professor Moral Phi osophy . 2 . 1 8 8 o f Thomas R Dew , , Professor Moral Philosophy . 1 4 7 f . 8 o Archibald C Peachy , , Professor Moral Philosophy . 1 4 . . 8 9 Rt Rev John Johns , Professor o f Moral Philosophy .

. 1 84 9 f o . Rev Silas Totten , , Professor Moral Philosophy f Rev . George T . Wilmer , Professor o Moral Philosophy . 1 f . 888 o Lyon G Tyler , , Professor Moral Philosophy. 1 . 898 Hugh S Bird , , Professor Of Moral Philosop hy

. 1 4 f 90 . Bruce R Payne , , Professor o Moral Philosophy 1 . 905 . A . B Coffey , , Professor of Moral Philosophy 1 1 2 0 . 9 George Ferguson , , Professor of Philosophy and Asso f ciate Professor o Education . 1 1 . 9 6 a nd Josep h R Geiger , , Professor of Philosophy Asso f ciate Professor o Education . 1 . 8 8 8 J Lesslie Hall , , Professor English Language and Litera ture . 1 90 . 6 James S Wilson , , Assistant Professor English Language and Literature .

1 8 o f . 03 . Louis H Girardin , , Professor History and Geography 2 K 1 8 1 . Rev . Reuel eith , , History and Ancient Languages 2 1 8 6 . Thomas R . Dew , , History, Political Economy , etc 1 84 6 George Frederick Holmes , , History , Political Economy , etc .

1 84 9 . . e t c Henry A Washington , , History , Political Economy , 1 t 85 8 e c . Robert J . Morrison , , History , Political Economy ,

1 . . l 8 98 J Les ie Hall , , Professor History (English and General) 1 a m e s S . 908 J Wilson , , Professor History and Associate Pro f r es s o English .

1 8 2 1 . Rev . Reuel Keith , , Latin and Greek Languages

M i n ne e ro d e 1 84 2 r . Rev . Charles g , , Latin and G eek Languages

1 84 8 . . i Morgan J Smead , , Lat n and Greek Lang uages i 1 8 5 8 f Edw n Taliaferro , , Pro essor of Latin , and the Romance

Languages .

1 8 5 8 m . Edward S . Joynes , , Professor of Greek and Ger an

M lis h 1 8 69 o f t Thomas P . cCa nd , , Professor La in .

1 9 r . Frank Preston , 86 , Professor of G eek 3 6 BULLETIN OF THE

. . 1 . 8 70 Rev L B Wharton , , Professor of Ancient and Modern

Languages . 1 . 8 74 Charles S Dod , , Adjunct Professor in Latin , French , e t c . 1 1 . 9 1 n John C Calhoun , , Professor Moder Languages .

. m 1 906 i Walter A Montgo ery , , Professor Lat n a nd Associate

Professor Greek . 1 H . 903 . . n Rev T Louthan , , Adj u ct Professor Greek and Mod ern Language . 1 9 1 2 Wesley P . Clarke , , Professor Latin and Greek .

- 1 88 S . 8 f , o E u . Hugh Bird_, Professor d cation 1 904 f . o . Bruce R Payne , , Professor Education

' 1 905 Pr f r f . . o e s s o i A B Coffey , , o Educ at on . 1 7 . 90 Henry E Bennett , , Professor of Education . 1 . 905 f . o R M Crawford , , Professor Drawing and Manual

fi rt s . 1 9 . 8 6 i O i Lucy L Davis , , Pr ncipal bservat on and Practice

Sch o o L

i 1 902 Pr 1 n c1 l . a O Nannie C Dav s , , p bservation and Practice

Sch o o L K 1 902 Rev . W . J . ing , , Physical Director . 1 904 T . M . Blanchard , , Physical Director . 1 906 . Henry W . Withers , , Physical Director 1 907 Fred M . Crawford , , Physical Director .

1 9 1 1 . Dr . Wm . J . Young , , Physical Director 1 9 1 3 h i l ' i r . P s ca D re ct o . Dr . Dexter W Draper , , y

e 1 9 r . 06 . Herbert L Bridg s , , Regist ar

Y um e a r ly N be r of Stude nts .

The destruction o f records prevents any accurate list of the

'

a t m o f . graduates Willia and Mary . The number students 1 8 2 7 a before , when the matriculation books begin was alw ys small in comparison with the Grammar school boys . The a t

no b t o f tendance at time was very large , u as it consisted young f o m e n from influential amilies , the alumni of the C llege exerted prevailing influence upon affairs both in Vi rg I n I a and the United 1 “ Stat es from 1 694 to 1 86 . (See The Making of the Union , “ ” i r i i i . i n V n a n 1 899 , a pam hlet , by Lyon G Tyler , Education g p b V I 1 William and Mary Quarterly , I COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND M ARY

No re co r d

No re co r d

Int e r m issio n 3 8 BULLET IN OF THE COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND M ARY

Y E A R 1 9 1 0 1 9 1 1 1 9 1 2 1 9 1 3

Th e i 6 t o 1 82 5 n c si e i s a s e o n a r l s t fr o m 1 7 8 ; i lu v , b d up e p o r t t o t h e Ho us e o f

f t h e H - De e r n a o o ns e o f D e e a t e s 1 2 4 1 e n . a t e s . Se e o 8 8 2 5 a d l g J u l l g , , pp ix “ i Fr o m 1 8 2 7 t o e n d t h e lis t s b a se d upo n t h e Co lle ge M a t r icula t io n b o o k . Th e num b e r s m a r ke d w it h t h e a s t e r isk in clude gr a mm a r s cho la rs a n d st udents t n t o t . Th rs n o t m a r e r e r e se n s t e s o n b h , e num b e k d p ud ly

L IST OF COLLEGE RECORDS Faculty M inutes (a) On e book from August to J une 1 7 84 1 1 2 n e 8 m I s s m . (b) O book from to , lost or g

— 1 2 1 8 1 2 2 1 2 n e 9 . (c) O book from July , , to Dece mber , 8 9

On e 1 6 1 8 30 2 1 83 6 (d) book from January , , to July ,

“ On e b k f O 1 0 1 83 6 1 0 1 84 6 (e) oo rom ctober , , to July , 1 2 1 84 6 2 1 On e O ua 8 9 . (f) book from ctober , , to Febr ry 2 , 7 8 1 8 2 4 On e 88 1 893 . (g) book from September , , to J une , 4 1 8 93 t 1 8 1 On e b O 903 . (h) ook from ctober , , o J une , 2 2 1 903 (i) On e book from June , , to J une

(j ) On e book from September t o date . ’ (2) Bursar s Accounts :

(a) On e book from 1 75 4 t o 1 7 66 ; 1 9 1 7 63 S t (b) One book from Septemb er , , to ep ember

O e m 1 7 70 1 7 7 7 . (c) n book from Septe ber , , to January , 1 t 1 7 n e 4 8 5 0 o 8 5 . (d) O book from July , , July ’ Treasurer s Account Books from 1 8 8 8 to date . Register of Students :

e 2 7 1 8 2 7 1 8 8 1 . On book from October , , to

On e b 1 8 8 1 . , ook from to date Minutes o f Board o f Visitors 2 19 2 4 1 8 60 to 6 0 . On e book from July , , June , b 2 1 902 On e book from Septem er , to date 6 M Of x c m : ( ) inutes the E e utive , Co mittee 2 e 1 0 1 8 8 8 2 1 1 90 . On book from May , , to May , 2 1 902 On e b ook from September , , to date