DOCSLIB.ORG

Kyrgyzstan and Turkey: Has a New Level of Relations Begun?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Kyrgyzstan and Turkey: Has a New Level of Relations Begun? Kyrgyzstan and Turkey: Has a New Level of Relations Begun? With the strengthening of the positions of the new government in Kyrgyzstan, more and more questions are raised about the rapprochement of Kyrgyzstan with Turkey. If these arguments are valid, what triggered these changes? How did official Bishkek begin to view relations with Turkey? Why Ankara is ready to restore the Batken region and how it is connected with geopolitics, this and other issues are discussed in the article, written by Adinay Kurmanbekova, a participant of the CABAR.asia School of Analytics Follow us on LinkedIn Photo: http://president.kg/ The recent visit of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic Sadyr Japarov to Turkey, mutual visits of the foreign ministers of the two countries and statements of support demonstrate Kyrgyzstan and Turkey: Has a New Level of Relations Begun? both the renewed interest of Turkey in Kyrgyzstan and the rethinking of the importance of Turkey for the official Bishkek. After the October events, over the course of several months, the authorities of the two countries held meetings at different levels. President Sadyr Japarov expressed a focus on increasing turnover of commodities between the Kyrgyz Republic and the Republic of Turkey to 1 billion USD per year,[1] and official Ankara, in turn, expressed its readiness to assist in the restoration of houses in the border areas affected by the armed conflict in the Kyrgyz-Tajik border. To top it all off, in an interview with Turkish TV channel, Sadyr Japarov shared his intention to resume relations between the two countries and pointed out the mistakes of the previous government.[2] These events contrast with the previously politically “cold” period, when the rather harsh statements of the Turkish authorities, and no less harsh statements of the former President of Kyrgyzstan Almazbek Atambayev in 2015 about the downed Russian plane, and then about the educational network “Sebat” (now “Sapat”) had temporarily spoiled the relationship between the two states.[3] There were also conflicts between the diplomats of the two countries,[4] and ultimatums of the Turkish authorities about “choosing a side”. During the leadership of Sooronbay Jeenbekov, although political relations did not intensify, they did not deteriorate, and the FETO factor remained a stumbling block. As one can see, the current government has decided to go the other way. It is symbolic that this restructuring of relations is taking place on the threshold of the anniversary – 30 years of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Kyrgyzstan and Turkey, which became the first state to recognize the sovereignty of the Kyrgyz Republic. The intertwining of history, the similarity of culture and language have always worked to bring the two countries closer together, and long-term cooperation only strengthened the influence of official Ankara not only in the vastness of Kyrgyzstan, but throughout Central Asia. Economic component Turkey is among the 5 main export and import destinations of Kyrgyzstan. If in 2019 the inflow of foreign direct investment from Turkey amounted to 94,565.5 thousand US dollars,[5] in 2020 this amount decreased to 22,827 thousand US dollars. The external debt of Kyrgyzstan to the government of the Republic of Turkey as of March 2020 was 93.27 million US dollars[6] (bilateral concessional loans), which is more than 2% of the total external debt of the country. The share of Turkish enterprises in Kyrgyzstan – with full participation of foreign capital – from 2014 to 2019 ranks around 300 enterprises, along with China, Russia, and Kazakhstan.[7] And in 2020, turnover of commodities with Turkey decreased by 13.9%.[8] Kyrgyzstan and Turkey: Has a New Level of Relations Begun? As one can see, in recent years, the economic relations between the countries have noticeably decreased, which was obviously influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic and, as a result, closed borders. Consequently, attempts to regulate economic indicators from the Kyrgyz side are not surprising: it was proposed to create a Kyrgyz-Turkish investment fund,[9] and in July 2021, it is planned to hold a Kyrgyz-Turkish business forum with the participation of Turkish businessmen.[10] As for Turkey, it has an economic interest in the Central Asian space, including Kyrgyzstan, which has human capital, growing opportunities for the supply of Turkish goods, as well as opportunities for the “Middle Corridor”. During the working visit of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic to Turkey, the ministers of the two countries also “agreed to take concrete steps for cooperation within the framework of the initiative of the Trans- Caspian Middle East-West Corridor.”[11] Photo: https://bakuresearchinstitute.org/ In turn, this initiative will effectively link Turkey to China through Central Asia and allow Turkey to receive economic benefits from Europe’s investment and trade with Beijing. In addition, the Turkish side announced the need to sign a free trade protocol with Kyrgyzstan, which will make it much easier to export goods from Turkey to Kyrgyzstan but can also negatively affect the development of the national economy of the Kyrgyz Republic, in which imports significantly exceed the country’s exports. The “Gülenist” Factor in Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan and Turkey: Has a New Level of Relations Begun? Since 2016, Kyrgyzstan has been the target of pressure from Turkey over the educational institutions of the former Sebat. The attempt, according to the Turkish leadership, of a military coup in Turkey was reflected in Kyrgyzstan as well. The Turkish authorities blamed their former ally, religious preacher Fethullah Gülen, for these events, whose name is associated with educational institutions “Sebat” in Kyrgyzstan and beyond. Ankara demanded that immediate action be taken: to close the institutions and expel Gulen’s supporters. Thus, educational cooperation between countries very quickly turned into issues of political significance. Turkey tirelessly reminded of the possible threat of FETO to the stability of Kyrgyzstan, and sometimes did not neglect both ultimatums and blackmail. As a reaction to the current situation, a memorandum was signed between the Ministry of Education and Science of the Kyrgyz Republic and the state educational foundation Türkiye Maarif Vakfı (“Maarif”), and the network of “Sebat” lyceums continued its work by renaming the international educational institution (IEI) “Sapat”, which also included the Ministry of Education and Science of the Kyrgyz Republic. In November 2020, Agreements were signed between the Ministry of Education and Science of the Kyrgyz Republic and the Turkish Maarif Foundation on the opening and operation of private educational organizations in the Kyrgyz Republic,[12] which is the reaction of the Turkish authorities to the refusal of the Kyrgyz side to close the educational institutions of Sapat. It is worth noting that opponents of the Turkish authorities criticize Maarif, being concerned that it is associated with the ideology of political Islam and represents Erdogan’s Trojan horse.[13] Education has long been considered one of the effective instruments of “soft power”, due to which certain states delicately convey their norms and values. In the new 2021 academic year in Bishkek, it is already planned to open the first secondary school of the Maarif Foundation, which positions its mission in “the implementation of comprehensive educational activities around the world, based on the common values ​​of humanity and the wise traditions of Anatolia ”.[14] At the same time, the foundation can manage not only general education schools, but also kindergartens and universities. A joint statement by the Kyrgyz foreign ministers and Turkey in November 2020 reported that the parties agreed “to combat all forms of terrorism and extremism”: “Taking into account the detailed information and specific examples provided by the Turkish side of the terrorist organization FETO, they agreed to work close cooperation between the two countries in the fight against all types of terrorist activities … “.[15] Although the Kyrgyz leadership has not yet officially announced its position on this issue, on June 9, after negotiations with Sadyr Japarov, the Turkish President said: “We are in solidarity with my dear brother that FETO poses a threat to the national security of both countries. Recent political issues have exposed the dark, bloody and unpleasant face of FETO. God willing, we Kyrgyzstan and Turkey: Has a New Level of Relations Begun? will overcome this together, by supporting each other … ”.[16] With the disappearance of the president of the Sapat school network, Orhan Inandi, in May 2021, the delicate issue with FETO has regained its relevance. This caused a violent reaction from the public and was the reason for rallies demanding to find Mr. Inandi. Orhan Inandi’s wife stated that he was being held at the Turkish embassy in Kyrgyzstan.[17] In turn, the publication “Sabakh” announces the arrest of Inandi by the State Committee for National Security of Kyrgyzstan.The Turkish diplomatic mission does not comment on these accusations in any way, and President Erdogan replies that “he does not know him and does not want to hear anything about FETO supporters”.[18] Geopolitics or just “new vector” rhetoric? The new government of Kyrgyzstan has faced with a number of problems, including a pandemic, economic hardship and, in addition, a bloody conflict on the border with Tajikistan in April 2021. Turkey was one of the first countries to declare its readiness to assist in the restoration of infrastructure in the Batken region, and the Public Union of the Turkic people of Kyrgyzstan provided humanitarian assistance to the affected region. It is possible to single out a geopolitical subtext in this, since the events that took place forced both parties to the conflict to seek support in the international arena. Some experts saw in these events Russia’s loyalty to Tajikistan and a noticeable revival of relations between Kyrgyzstan and Turkey.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Kumtor Gold Mine and the Rise Of
    Central Asia Economic Papers No. 16 August 2015 The Kumtor Gold Mine and the Rise of Resource Nationalism in Kyrgyzstan Matteo Fumagalli Key points Matteo Fumagalli is an Associate Professor in the Department of The mining sector has become the battleground on which the International Relations at Central Kyrgyz authorities, the opposition, the local communities and European University in Budapest (Hungary). His work lies at the the mining companies, defend their interests. intersection of identity politics There is more than ‘just’ economics to resource nationalism and ethnic conflict and the poli- tics of natural resources in Asia. and the Kumtor controversy: Symbolic politics matters as Recent and forthcoming works include articles in East European much, and complicates matters further. Politics, Electoral Studies, the Political instability, unrest, and constant calls for renegotiating Journal of Eurasian Studies, Eu- rope-Asia Studies, Ethnopolitics, contracts with foreign mining companies have already tattered and the International Political the country’s image as an investment destination. Science Review. His monograph on State Violence and Popular Resource nationalism in the mining sector proceeds in tides Resistance in Uzbekistan is forth- coming with Routledge (2016). whose timing appears not to be aligned to the trends in global commodity prices. The opinions expressed here are those of the author only and do not represent the Central Asia Program. CENTRAL ASIA ECONOMIC PAPERS No. 16, August 2015 Kyrgyzstan’s mining sector has become the battleground on which a number of players, namely the government, the opposition, local communities, and transnational corporations, defend their interests. No other site illustrates this point more than the country’s most prized asset, namely the gold mine at Kumtor, located some 350 kilometers south-east of the capital city of Bishkek.
    [Show full text]
  • IFES Faqs Elections in Kyrgyzstan: 2021 Early Presidential Election
    Elections in Kyrgyzstan 2021 Early Presidential Election Frequently Asked Questions Europe and Eurasia International Foundation for Electoral Systems 2011 Crystal Drive | Floor 10 | Arlington, VA 22202 | USA | www.IFES.org January 8, 2021 Frequently Asked Questions When is Election Day? ................................................................................................................................... 1 What is the current political context, and what is at stake in these elections? ........................................... 1 What is the current form of government? ................................................................................................... 2 What is the term of the office of the president, and what is the president’s role? ..................................... 2 Who are the candidates? .............................................................................................................................. 2 Who is eligible to run as a candidate? .......................................................................................................... 3 What are the nomination and registration procedures for presidential candidates? ................................. 3 What is the campaign and electoral timeline? ............................................................................................. 4 Who is eligible to vote, and how many voters are registered to vote? ........................................................ 4 What are the campaign expenditure and donation limits? .........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • OSW Commentary
    OSW Commentary CENTRE FOR EASTERN STUDIES NUMBER 359 29.10.2020 www.osw.waw.pl Kyrgyzstan in the aftermath of revolution Mariusz Marszewski, Krzysztof Strachota On 15 October Kyrgyzstan’s president, Sooronobay Jeenbekov, resigned from his position and his duties were taken over by the opposition leader, Sadyr Japarov. The change in power was brought about by large-scale protests which broke out on 5 October, the day after the election; subsequently the protesters took over the main buildings of the central administration in Bishkek and released op- position leaders who had been imprisoned (among them Japarov). The demonstrations, which were forceful but not long-lasting, resulted in a compromise of sorts which led to changes in the highest state positions, the announcement of an early presidential election and a rerun of the parliamentary election. Despite the situation in the country (particularly in the capital) having been restored to one of relative stability, Kyrgyzstan is still struggling with grave problems: a crisis of the political system, social tensions and a dismal economic situation that is further exacerbated by the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic. The current state of affairs presents a serious challenge both for Russia and China, whose respective interests have an important impact on the politics of Kyrgyzstan and the entire region of Central Asia. The October Revolution accusations of being implicated in organised crime. Traditionally, the main political forces try to play The Revolution of 5 October is the third such event off the international actors present in Kyrgyzstan in Kyrgyzstan’s recent history (the previous ones (Russia and China which replaced the US at least took place in 2005 and 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • Kyrgyzstan: Closer to Democracy — and Russia
    At a glance October 2015 Kyrgyzstan: Closer to democracy — and Russia Praised by both Russian and European observers, the elections of 4 October 2015 are considered a milestone in Kyrgyzstan's democratic transition of the country, consolidating the new political system launched by the new constitution adopted after the 2010 revolution. With seats split between six pro-Moscow parties, the results entail the formation of a coalition government in the fractured parliament, and herald further rapprochement to Russia. Background: transition to parliamentary democracy Once regarded as an 'island of democracy' in Central Asia, Kyrgyzstan has a turbulent political history. The first president of independent Kyrgyzstan, Askar Akayev, was toppled in political unrest, known as the Tulip Revolution, in April 2005. The European Parliament (EP) resolution of 12 May 2005 called on Kyrgyz authorities to begin a genuine democratisation process, welcoming the launch of an inclusive process of constitutional reform aiming to ensure fundamental change. Hopes for a democratic transition soon faded with President Kurmanbek Bakiyev's increasingly authoritarian rule, as noted in a May 2006 EP resolution. Bakiyev's ousting in April 2010, known as the 'second tulip revolution', presented a window of opportunity for democratisation. A new constitution, adopted after the referendum in June 2010, transformed Kyrgyzstan from an authoritarian presidential system to a relatively democratic semi-presidential one, combining elements of parliamentary and presidential systems in addition to checks-and-balances mechanisms. As the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) acknowledges, progress towards consolidation continued with the legislative elections of October 2010. The presidential elections of October 2011 thus constituted the final step in the post-Bakiyev transition process.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tension Between the Current and Former Presidents Has Become a Clear Political and Media Conflict the Kyrgyz Elite Chose the Current President (Translated)
    Media Office of Hizb ut Tahrir Kyrgyzstan REF: 1440 / 01 Monday, 10th Rabii’ II 1440 AH 17/12/2018 CE Press Release The Tension between the Current and Former Presidents has become a Clear Political and Media Conflict The Kyrgyz Elite Chose the Current President (Translated) In last year's presidential election, former Kyrgyz President Almazbek Atambayev nominated Sooronbay Jeenbekov on behalf of the Social Democratic Party. Jeenbekov was a close friend of Atambayev when he worked for almost a year as prime minister until he became president. However, after he became president, he began to pursue his own policies and prevent the suicide, as he described the informal co-ordination policy of the former president. As a result, tension rose between the current president and the former president. The former leadership of the former president was left to choose one of these two politicians and the division took place. In April, Atambayev announced his return to the political arena and was elected head of the Social Democratic Party, and the party was split into two parts and has not yet united. President Jeenbekov has used his presidential powers to dismiss many of Atambayev's officials and arrest some of them. So far, he has exposed a number of major corruption offences that occurred during the period of Prime Minister Sapar Isakov, and then arrested Isakov himself. Later in Moscow, Ikramjan Ilmiyanov, who was promoted from his job as president Atambayev’s driver in his time to a leading post in the Atambayev presidency, was arrested and then taken to Kyrgyzstan.
    [Show full text]
  • TW 74 ENG.Pdf
    Тurkic Weekly 2017 22 (74) (19 - 25 June ) Тurkic Weekly presents the weekly review of the most significant developments in the Turkic world. Тurkic Weekly provides timely information and an objective assessment on relevant issues in the agenda of Turkic countries. Тurkic Weekly is a weekly information and analytical digest, published by the International Turkic Academy. THE FIFTH WORLD KURULTAI OF KAZAKHS TOOK PLACE IN ASTANA Last week Kazakhstan hosted the 5th World Kurultai of Kazakhs with the participation of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev. The event was held from 22nd to 25th June. On June 22, a grand opening was held. More than 800 delegates took part in the event, 350 of which represent 39 countries. Among them are representatives of sports, state and public organizations. Almost 80% of delegates participate in Kurultai for the first time. As is known, the program of Kurultai is based on the conceptual ideas of the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev, outlined in the program article "The Course towards Future: Modernization of Public Consciousness". Speaking to the audience, N.A. Nazarbayev greeted all participants of the World Kurultai who arrived in Astana from 39 countries of the near and far abroad. Nursultan Nazarbayev emphasized the success and reforms implemented in Kazakhstan for 25 years since the first Kurultai. The President of Kazakhstan also separately focused on six projects implemented in the framework of modernization of public consciousness, including transition of the Kazakh alphabet into Latin script, translation of 100 best textbooks of the humanitarian direction, the "Motherland", "Sacred Geography of Kazakhstan", "Modern Kazakhstan culture in the global World","100 new persons of Kazakhstan" projects.
    [Show full text]
  • India-Kyrgyz Republic Bilateral Relations
    India-Kyrgyz Republic bilateral relations Historically, India has had close contacts with Central Asia, especially countries which were part of the Ancient Silk Route, including Kyrgyzstan. During the Soviet era, India and the then Kyrgyz Republic had limited political, economic and cultural contacts. Former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi visited Bishkek and Issyk-Kul Lake in 1985. Since the independence of Kyrgyz Republic on 31st August, 1991, India was among the first to establish diplomatic relations on 18 March 1992; the resident Mission of India was set up on 23 May 1994. Political relations Political ties with the Kyrgyz Republic have been traditionally warm and friendly. Kyrgyzstan also supports India’s bid for permanent seat at UNSC and India’s full membership in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). Both countries share common concerns on threat of terrorism, extremism and drug–trafficking. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1992, the two countries have signed several framework agreements, including on Culture, Trade and Economic Cooperation, Civil Aviation, Investment Promotion and Protection, Avoidance of Double Taxation, Consular Convention etc. At the institutional level, the 8th round of Foreign Office Consultation was held in Bishkek on 27 April 2016. The Indian delegation was led by Ms. Sujata Mehta, Secretary (West) and Kyrgyz side was headed by Mr. Azamat Usenov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs. An Indo-Kyrgyz Joint Commission on Trade, Economic, Scientific and Technological Cooperation was set up in 1992. The 8th Session of India-Kyrgyz Inter- Governmental Commission on Trade, Economic, Scientific and Technological Cooperation was held in Bishkek on 28 November 2016.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Preelection Assessment PDF
    Kyrgyzstan Preelection assessment Parliamentary elections set for fall 2021 Kyrgyzstan’s upcoming elections are the first national contest since a protracted political crisis, as well as constitutional amendments that effectively changed the country from a parliamentary to presidential system. Two days after the October 2020 parliamentary elections, the Central Election Commission unilaterally annulled the election amid allegations of vote buying, intimidation, and misuse of administrative resources. Opposition parties had failed to pass the threshold necessary to gain seats in the October election; the parties that performed well were linked to then-president Sooronbay Jeenbekov and Raimbek Matraimov, a former government official and subject of recent, largescale money-laundering case. Mass protests opposing the results continued after the annulment, prompting the resignation of Jeenbekov and the dissolution of the government. The parliament subsequently postponed new elections, instead extending its own mandate in a process that lacked a clear legal basis. Sadyr Japarov, a formerly imprisoned nationalist-populist politician with links to organized crime, briefly assumed the position of prime minister and acting president before being winning the January 2021 presidential election. Japrov’s controversial ascent to the newly empowered presidency may signal a return to strongman rule and a diminished role for the parliament. The upcoming vote takes place in a climate of heightened volatility and restrictions on civic space. Over 600 people were injured in post-election clashes between the police, Japarov supporters, and the opposition, leading to the brief imposition of martial law in Bishkek. Journalists who covered the elections and ensuing protests were also intimidated, detained, and attacked for their work.
    [Show full text]
  • Kyrgyzstan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests
    Kyrgyzstan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests Jim Nichol Specialist in Russian and Eurasian Affairs August 30, 2013 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov 97-690 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Kyrgyzstan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests Summary Kyrgyzstan is a small and poor Central Asian country that gained independence in 1991 with the breakup of the Soviet Union. The United States has been interested in helping Kyrgyzstan to enhance its sovereignty and territorial integrity, bolster economic reform and development, strengthen human rights, prevent weapons proliferation, and more effectively combat transnational terrorism and trafficking in persons and narcotics. Special attention long has been placed on bolstering civil society and democratization in what has appeared to be the most receptive—but still challenging—political and social environment in Central Asia. The significance of Kyrgyzstan to the United States increased after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the United States. Kyrgyzstan offered to host U.S. forces at an airbase at the Manas international airport outside of the capital, Bishkek, and it opened in December 2001. The U.S. military repaired and later upgraded the air field for aerial refueling, airlift and airdrop, medical evacuation, and support for U.S. and coalition personnel and cargo transiting in and out of Afghanistan. The Kyrgyz government threatened to close down the airbase in early 2009, but renewed the lease on the airbase (renamed the Manas Transit Center) in June 2009 after the United States agreed to higher lease and other payments. President Almazbek Atambayev and the legislature have stated that the basing agreement will not be renewed when it expires in 2014.
    [Show full text]
  • Central Asia Slips Away from Turkey
    Keghart Central Asia Slips Away from Turkey Non-partisan Website Devoted to Armenian Affairs, Human Rights https://keghart.org/central-asia-slips-away-from-turkey/ and Democracy CENTRAL ASIA SLIPS AWAY FROM TURKEY Posted on January 6, 2016 by Keghart Category: Opinions Page: 1 Keghart Central Asia Slips Away from Turkey Non-partisan Website Devoted to Armenian Affairs, Human Rights https://keghart.org/central-asia-slips-away-from-turkey/ and Democracy Zülfikar Doğan, Al-Monitor, 6 January 2016 Turkey — which with its deterioration in relations with Syria, Iraq, Libya, Egypt and Israel lost its economic, political and diplomatic influence in the Middle East — is now on the verge of losing Central Asia because of Ankara's crisis with Russia stemming from events in Syria. (L-R) Armenia's President Serzh Sargsyan, Belarus' President Alexander Lukashenko, Kazakhstan's President Nursultan Nazarbayev, Russia's President Vladimir Putin and Kyrgyzstan's President Almazbek Atambayev stand during a meeting of the heads of state of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council at the Burabai resort near Astana, Kazakhstan, Oct. 16, 2015. (photo by REUTERS/Aleksey Nikolskyi) The sanctions Moscow imposed after the Nov. 24 downing of a Russian plane are spreading to Russian spheres of influence in Central Asia and the Caucasus, as Central Asian countries that had established close ties with Ankara after the collapse of the Soviet Union appear to be preparing to distance themselves from Turkey. At the December 2015 Moscow summit of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) — which includes the Turkic states of Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Tajikistan in addition to Russia, Azerbaijan, Moldova, Belarus and Armenia — calls were made for Turkey to apologize to Russia.
    [Show full text]
  • After the Revolution
    KYRGYZSTAN: AFTER THE REVOLUTION 4 May 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... i I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. THE PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS..................................................................... 2 A. THE OPPOSITION ...................................................................................................................2 B. THE CAMPAIGN.....................................................................................................................3 C. VOTING.................................................................................................................................5 III. THE POPULAR UPRISING ......................................................................................... 6 A. THE SOUTH...........................................................................................................................6 B. BISHKEK ...............................................................................................................................7 IV. AFTER THE REVOLUTION..................................................................................... 10 A. THE NEW GOVERNMENT.....................................................................................................10 B. NEW PARLIAMENT ..............................................................................................................11
    [Show full text]
  • The Events in Kyrgyzstan
    بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم Answer to Question The Events in Kyrgyzstan (Translated) Question: [“Earlier on Friday, the Kyrgyz Parliament approved the resignation of President Sooronbay Jeenbekov, and cancelled the state of emergency, which was declared a week ago in the capital, Bishkek...” (www.yenisafak.com/ar/,16/10/2020)]. The Kyrgyz capital has witnessed violent protests; protesters took control of government headquarters, demanding the dismissal of President Sooronbay Jeenbekov, who is loyal to Russia, and this has been achieved for them... So, what is the reality behind the events in Kyrgyzstan? Is the Russian influence on its way out of this Islamic country? Is there any role for America in this conflict? Jazak Allah Khair. Answer: To get a clear answer and to understand the reality of events in Kyrgyzstan, the following must be clarified: First: the general situation in Kyrgyzstan: 1- Kyrgyzia or Kyrgyzstan, is one of the Islamic countries in Central Asia, its borders are connected to China today from the East Turkestan side, in addition to other Islamic Central Asian countries: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. Kyrgyzstan has been subjected to the Russian Tsarist occupation since 1876 CE. There were many revolutions against the Russian occupation there. However, Russia managed to abort them. Kyrgyzstan became a republic within the Soviet Union, meaning that it was ruled directly from Moscow from 1876 until 1991 when the Soviet Union dismantled and Kyrgyzstan declared its independence. But the political class in it was immersed in their loyalty to Russia, so Russia, after its independence, had a great influence over Kyrgyzstan... 2- Kyrgyzstan was ruled since its independence by the leaders of the Communist Party after they changed their masks and established parties with multiple names.
    [Show full text]