Sedimentation Behind Barrages and Oblique River Flow
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Bird Species in Delhi-“Birdwatching” Tourism
Conference Proceedings: 2 nd International Scientific Conference ITEMA 2018 BIRD SPECIES IN DELHI-“BIRDWATCHING” TOURISM Zeba Zarin Ansari 63 Ajay Kumar 64 Anton Vorina 65 https://doi.org/10.31410/itema.2018.161 Abstract : A great poet William Wordsworth once wrote in his poem “The world is too much with us” that we do not have time to relax in woods and to see birds chirping on trees. According to him we are becoming more materialistic and forgetting the real beauty of nature. Birds are counted one of beauties of nature and indeed they are smile giver to human being. When we get tired or bored of something we seek relax to a tranquil place to overcome the tiredness. Different birds come every morning to make our day fresh. But due to drainage system, over population, cutting down of trees and many other disturbances in the metro city like Delhi, lots of species of birds are disappearing rapidly. Thus a conservation and management system need to be required to stop migration and disappearance of birds. With the government initiative and with the help of concerned NGOs and other departments we need to settle to the construction of skyscrapers. As we know bird watching tourism is increasing rapidly in the market, to make this tourism as the fastest outdoor activity in Delhi, the place will have to focus on the conservation and protection of the wetlands and forests, management of groundwater table to make a healthy ecosystem, peaceful habitats and pollution-free environment for birds. Delhi will also have to concentrate on what birdwatchers require, including their safety, infrastructure, accessibility, quality of birdlife and proper guides. -
Biological Analysis of Yamuna River
Journal of Materials Science & Surface Engineering, 6(6): 905-908 ISSN (Online): 2348-8956; 10.jmsse/2348-8956/6-6.6 Biological analysis of Yamuna River Pooja Upadhyay · Arushi Saxena · Pammi Gauba Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida A-10, Sector-62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201307. ARTICLE HISTORY ABSTRACT Received 30-03-2019 Water pollution is a very common cause of major health problems across the globe. The most common and Revised 01-09-2019 widespread health risk associated with drinking water is contamination. The pathogenic agents involved Accepted 06-09-2019 include bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, which may cause diseases that vary in severity from mild Published 01-12-2019 gastroenteritis to severe and sometimes fatal diarrhea, dysentery, hepatitis, or typhoid fever, most of them are widely distributed throughout the world. Biological testing methods are progressively often used for KEYWORDS determining the surface water quality. In the biological analysis of the water samples using methods like, Biological testing most probable number (MPN) method, glutamate starch phenol red agar and hektoen enteric agar, we Contamination observed various organisms like Coliform bacteria, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, and Shigella, Harmful organism which are harmful for consumption of population to be present in the river water. The biological methods Water pollution are used for analyzing water quality involves collection, counting and identification of micro organisms, measurement of metabolic activity rates, and processing and interpretation of biological data. In this paper, we have done a comparative analysis of microbes present in samples collected from different places and their impact on water quality. -
Monitoring and Evaluation of River Ganga System in Himalayan Region with Reference to Limnological Aspects
World Applied Sciences Journal 33 (2): 203-212, 2015 ISSN 1818-4952 © IDOSI Publications, 2015 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2015.33.02.72 Monitoring and Evaluation of River Ganga System in Himalayan Region with Reference to Limnological Aspects 12Gagan Matta and Ajendra Kumar 1Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, India 2Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, India Abstract: Water is an important asset for every developing country especially the river water which is the prime source for drinking water. The Ganges, one of the largest river system of Indian subcontinent is being severely polluted by mass bathing, sewage treatment plants, factory effluents and various other human activities. In Haridwar River Ganga System comprising of River Ganga and Ganga Canal emerging out from Ganga River, both with great ritual importance among pilgrims and tourists at Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India. Here also Ganga River and Canal are day by day getting polluted due to mass bathing, washing, disposal of sewage, industrial waste and these human activities deteriorating its water quality severely. River water samples collected in all the seasons of the years 2013 and 2014 were analyzed for various water quality characteristics. Data has statistically been analysed indicating positive and negative relation among parameters. The present study revealed that major factors contributing to deterioration of water quality might be continues discharge of industrial discharge, tourism, anthropogenic and spiritual practices. Therefore, to restore the vitality and water quality of river, proper water resource planning programme should be developed. Key words: River Ganga System River Ganga Haridwar Ganga Canal Water Quality Himalayas INTRODUCTION in 1947, India had 22 million ha under irrigation. -
Current Condition of the Yamuna River - an Overview of Flow, Pollution Load and Human Use
Current condition of the Yamuna River - an overview of flow, pollution load and human use Deepshikha Sharma and Arun Kansal, TERI University Introduction Yamuna is the sub-basin of the Ganga river system. Out of the total catchment’s area of 861404 sq km of the Ganga basin, the Yamuna River and its catchment together contribute to a total of 345848 sq. km area which 40.14% of total Ganga River Basin (CPCB, 1980-81; CPCB, 1982-83). It is a large basin covering seven Indian states. The river water is used for both abstractive and in stream uses like irrigation, domestic water supply, industrial etc. It has been subjected to over exploitation, both in quantity and quality. Given that a large population is dependent on the river, it is of significance to preserve its water quality. The river is polluted by both point and non-point sources, where National Capital Territory (NCT) – Delhi is the major contributor, followed by Agra and Mathura. Approximately, 85% of the total pollution is from domestic source. The condition deteriorates further due to significant water abstraction which reduces the dilution capacity of the river. The stretch between Wazirabad barrage and Chambal river confluence is critically polluted and 22km of Delhi stretch is the maximum polluted amongst all. In order to restore the quality of river, the Government of India (GoI) initiated the Yamuna Action Plan (YAP) in the1993and later YAPII in the year 2004 (CPCB, 2006-07). Yamuna river basin River Yamuna (Figure 1) is the largest tributary of the River Ganga. The main stream of the river Yamuna originates from the Yamunotri glacier near Bandar Punch (38o 59' N 78o 27' E) in the Mussourie range of the lower Himalayas at an elevation of about 6320 meter above mean sea level in the district Uttarkashi (Uttranchal). -
River Yamuna Water 2
3 Protective Biodiversity zone Revitalizing the 3 Biodiversity Parks Yamuna Public 1 Zones Signature 4 Bridge Public 2 Recreational Zones Riverside 5 Promenade by R.G. GUPTA CITY/POLICY PLANNER APRIL 2010 Public 1 Zones DEVELOPMENT Yamuna OF RIVER FOUR PARTS PART 1 TO INCREASE QUANTITY OF WATER PART 2 TO CLEAN WATER TO IMPROVE ITS QUALITY Yamuna PART 3 TO DEVELOP INDRAPRASTHA PAURI NEAR C. POWER STATION PART 4 REVITALIZING THE YAMMUNA RIVER FRONT PROPOSAL OF DDA (TOI) RIVER YAMMUNA FROM WAZIRABAD TO JAITPUR 1 R.G. GUPTA; CITY/POLICY PLANNER; APRIL 2010 PERSPECTIVE PLAN OF WATER Yamuna BY 2021 AD PROBABLE QUANTITY 1 FROM GANGA = 200 MGD 2 BY STORING WATER IN RIVER = 800 MGD 3 ADDITIONAL WATER FROM = 150 MGD HARYANA 4 RAINY WELL ETC = 30 MGD 5 ON CHANNEL & OFF CHANNEL = 150 MGD 6 GROUND WATER = 200 MGD WATER FROM 373 EXISTING PONDS 7 = * IN DELHI TOTAL 1530 MGD + * 2 R.G. GUPTA; CITY/POLICY PLANNER; APRIL 2010 OBJECTIVES Yamuna 1. INCREASE QUANTITY OF WATER TO A LARGE EXTENT, TO GET BLESSINGS OF LAKHS OF PEOPLE. 2. TO CLEAN WATER TO IMPROVE ITS QUALITY & ULTIMATELY HEALTH OF PUBLIC AT LARGE. 3. TO DEVELOP INDRAPRASTHA PAURI TO REVIVE GEETA NEAR C. POWER STATION. 4. TO DEVELOP BIODIVERSITY PARKS, SMALL & BIG LAKES TO HAVE CONTROLLED CLIMATE – PROPOSAL OF DDA MAIN PARAMETRES 50 kmt. with half in north & the balance in the south of 1 Wazirabad Barrage 2 1.5 kmt. to 3 kmt. 3 97 sq.kmt. 4 16.45 sq.kmt. 5 80.55 sq.kmt. (i) Wazirabad barrage – 455mts.; (ii) ISBT road bridge- 552mts.; (iii) Old rail-cum-road bridge – 800mts.; (iv) Indraprastha barrage -552mts.; 6 (v) Metro bridge ----; (vi) Nizamuddin railway bridge- 578mts.; (vii) Nizamuddin road bridge- 549mts.; (viii) Okhla weir- 791mts.; (ix) Okhla barrage - 554mts. -
Flood Control Room Daily Report
FLOOD CONTROL ROOM FLOOD CONTROL DEPARTMENT GOVERNMENT OF NCT OF DELHI L.M. BUND OFFICE COMPLEX, SHASTRI NAGAR, DELHI-110031. TEL. NO. 22428773 & 22428774 Email : [email protected], [email protected] , [email protected] DAILY REPORT OF WEATHER AND FLOOD SITUATION. Date: 02.09.2020 (I) WEATHER REPORT (As provided by I.M.D) 1. WEATHER FORECAST FOR RIVER YAMUNA Upper Catchment : One or Two Places Heavy rain fall warning : Nil Out look : No Large Change Lower Catchment : One or Two Places Heavy rainfall warning : Nil Out look : No Large Change 2. WEATHER FORECAST FOR RIVER SAHIBI : One or Two Places Heavy rain fall warning : Nil Out look : No Large Change 3. LOCAL FORECAST : Generally cloudy sky with very light rain/thundershowers towards evening/night. The maximum and minimum temperatures would be around 35 and 25 Degree Celsius respectively. 4. RAINFALL DURING LAST 24 HOURS (in mm) Delhi (a) Palam : 0.0 (b) Safdarjung 0.0 (c) Dhansa : 0.0 (d) Delhi Rly. Bridge 0.0 (II) Total Rainfall in Delhi (SFD) during last 24 Hours (up to 8.30 a.m.) 0.0 mm (III) Total Rainfall in Delhi (SFD) from 1st June to till date 555.6 mm (iv) Average Normal Rainfall (SFD) in Delhi, 1st June to till date 540.5 mm (V) Average Total Normal Rainfall in Delhi. 618.7 mm (VI) RAINFALL IN YAMUNA CATCHMENT (in mm) Shimla : 0.0 Ambala : 0.0 Solan : 0.0 Paonta : 0.0 Chandigarh : 0.0 Hathni kund Barrage : 0.0 Jateon Barrage : 0.0 Dadupur : 0.0 Nahan : 0.0 Dehradun : 0.0 Haripur : 0.0 Patiala : 0.0 : Saharanpur : 0.0 Karnal : 0.0 Mathura : 0.0 (VII) RAINFALL IN SAHIBI CATCHMENT(in mm) Dadri Toye : 0.0 Rewari : 0.0 Massani Barrage : 0.0 Jaipur : 3.0 (VIII) INFERENCE: SYNOPTIC SITUATION (MORNING INFERENCE): The low-pressure area over Pakistan & adjoining west Rajasthan has become less marked. -
Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction Our Planet Earth is unique among other planets of the solar system in the presence of water that has made it possible for the life – in its millions of forms - to exist on it. And the water occurs in great abundance – an estimated 1386 million km3 of which 96.54% resides in the oceans and another about one per cent is also saline (Shiklomanov 1993, Shiklomanov and Rodda 2003; see also Trenberth et al. 2007). Out of the remaining 2.5% that is fresh water, about 69% is frozen in glaciers, polar ice caps, snow and permafrost areas, and 30% is locked in deep aquifers. Lakes account for a total of 91,000 km3 of water but most of it resides in just a few large lakes. Marshes and wetlands hold about 11,500 km3 of water and the rivers have only a little more than 2000 km3. However, of greatest significance is the fact that water moves continually around, through and above the Earth and as it cycles through ocean, atmosphere, land and biota, continually changes its form between all physical states – liquid (water), gas (water vapour), and solid (snow and ice). It is noteworthy that the hydrological cycle and its importance were described in detail several thousand years ago in Rigveda, Puranas, Mahabharat and other Indian scriptures (see Jain et al. 2007). Estimates of global water budget of the hydrological cycle shows that annually about 45,000 km3 of water is transported from the oceans to land through the atmosphere (by evaporation from oceans and precipitation over land) and then returned back to the oceans as it flows mostly over the land surface in the rivers. -
Hydrogeological Characterization and Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Shallow Aquifers in Vicinity of Najafgarh Drain of NCT Delhi
Hydrogeological characterization and assessment of groundwater quality in shallow aquifers in vicinity of Najafgarh drain of NCT Delhi Shashank Shekhar and Aditya Sarkar Department of Geology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India. ∗Corresponding author. e-mail: [email protected] Najafgarh drain is the biggest drain in Delhi and contributes about 60% of the total wastewater that gets discharged from Delhi into river Yamuna. The drain traverses a length of 51 km before joining river Yamuna, and is unlined for about 31 km along its initial stretch. In recent times, efforts have been made for limited withdrawal of groundwater from shallow aquifers in close vicinity of Najafgarh drain coupled with artificial recharge of groundwater. In this perspective, assessment of groundwater quality in shallow aquifers in vicinity of the Najafgarh drain of Delhi and hydrogeological characterization of adjacent areas were done. The groundwater quality was examined in perspective of Indian as well as World Health Organization’s drinking water standards. The spatial variation in groundwater quality was studied. The linkages between trace element occurrence and hydrochemical facies variation were also established. The shallow groundwater along Najafgarh drain is contaminated in stretches and the area is not suitable for large-scale groundwater development for drinking water purposes. 1. Introduction of this wastewater on the groundwater system is even more profound. There is considerable contam- The National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi ination of groundwater by industrial and domestic (figure 1) is one of the fast growing metropoli- effluents mostly carried through various drains tan cities in the world. It faces a massive problem (Singh 1999). -
Metal Fractionation Study on Bed Sediments of River Yamuna, India C.K
ARTICLE IN PRESS Water Research 38 (2004) 569–578 Metal fractionation study on bed sediments of River Yamuna, India C.K. Jain National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee 247 667, India Received 26 June 2002; received in revised form5 June 2003; accepted 22 October 2003 Abstract The pollution of aquatic ecosystem by heavy metals has assumed serious proportions due to their toxicity and accumulative behavior. The toxicity and fate of the water borne metal is dependent on its chemical form and therefore quantification of the different forms of metal is more meaningful than the estimation of its total metal concentrations. In this study fractionation of metal ions on bed sediments of River Yamuna has been studied to determine the eco-toxic potential of metal ions. The investigations suggest that copper have a tendency to remain associated with residual, reducible and carbonate fractions. The Risk Assessment Code reveal that about 30–50% of lead at most of the sites exist in exchangeable fraction while 30–50% of cadmium at almost all the sites is either exchangeable or carbonate bound and therefore comes under the high risk category and can easily enter the food chain. Most of the copper is in immobile fraction at Delhi while at other sites, a sizable portion (10–30%) is found in carbonate fraction thus posing medium risk for the aquatic environment. Fractionation pattern of zinc shows low to medium risk to aquatic environment. r 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Sequential extraction; Tessier scheme; Metals; Toxicity; Risk assessment Code; River Yamuna 1. Introduction principally controlled by pH, concentration and type of ligands and chelating agents, oxidation-state of the During recent years, the pollution of riverine system mineral components and the redox environment of the by heavy metals has attracted a lot of attention of the system. -
Blue Riverriver
Reviving River Yamuna An Actionable Blue Print for a BLUEBLUE RIVERRIVER Edited by PEACE Institute Charitable Trust H.S. Panwar 2009 Reviving River Yamuna An Actionable Blue Print for a BLUE RIVER Edited by H.S. Panwar PEACE Institute Charitable Trust 2009 contents ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................................... v PREFACE .................................................................................................................................................... vii CHAPTER 1 Fact File of Yamuna ................................................................................................. 9 A report by CHAPTER 2 Diversion and over Abstraction of Water from the River .............................. 15 PEACE Institute Charitable Trust CHAPTER 3 Unbridled Pollution ................................................................................................ 25 CHAPTER 4 Rampant Encroachment in Flood Plains ............................................................ 29 CHAPTER 5 There is Hope for Yamuna – An Actionable Blue Print for Revival ............ 33 This report is one of the outputs from the Ford Foundation sponsored project titled CHAPTER 6 Yamuna Jiye Abhiyaan - An Example of Civil Society Action .......................... 39 Mainstreaming the river as a popular civil action ‘cause’ through “motivating actions for the revival of the people – river close links as a precursor to citizen’s mandated actions for the revival -
E-Flow) in River Yamuna
Environmental flow (E-Flow) in river Yamuna Context: The Hon’ble NGT in its judgment dated 13 January 2015 and through subsequent directions in OA No 6 of 2012 and 300 of 2013 given directions for the maintenance of requisite environmental flow in river Yamuna downstream of the barrage at Hathnikund in Haryana and at Okhla in Delhi so that there is enough fresh water flowing in the river till Agra for restoration of the river’s ecological functions. The Hon’ble Supreme Court had in W.P. ( C ) 537 of 1992 directed on 14 May 1999, that “a minimum flow of 10 cumecs (353 cusec) must be allowed to flow throughout the river Yamuna”. The report of the three member committee of MoWR, RD and GR on Assessment of Environmental Flows (E-Flows) has in March 2015 determined scientifically that E Flows as % of 90% dependable virgin flow at downstream Pashulok Barrage, Rishikesh on river Ganga should be 65.80%. It may be noted that the situation of river Yamuna at the Hathnikund barrage in Haryana is comparable to the situation at Rishikesh on river Ganga. In addition river Ganga at Rishikesh carries far more virgin flow in it as compared to leaner river Yamuna at Hathnikund. E – Flow in river Yamuna In view of the above it has been estimated that the E Flow in river Yamuna downstream of the barrage at Hathnikund should be no less than 2500 cusec (around 70% of the average minimum virgin flow of 3500 cusec reported at Hathnikund barrage during the leanest month of January). -
Disaster: Nature Fury: a Preimenarly Report on Uttarakhand Disaster
DISASTER: NATURE FURY: A PREIMENARLY REPORT ON UTTARAKHAND DISASTER TABLE OF CONTENTS Background ........................................................................................................................................... 2 Past Disasters ......................................................................................................................................... 4 Disaster 2009 ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Disaster 2010 ...................................................................................................................................... 5 Disaster 2012 ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Uttarakhand Disaster, 2013 ................................................................................................................. 10 Story of Hit zones .............................................................................................................................. 10 Current status of the Flood Affected victims .................................................................................... 13 Measures ........................................................................................................................................... 14 Strategy For Rehabilitation ..............................................................................................................