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“Grand Duchy of Luxembourg” POINT FOCAL OEDT GRAND-DUCHE DE LUXEMBOURG 2005 NATIONAL REPORT TO THE EMCDDA by the Reitox National Focal Point “GRAND DUCHY OF LUXEMBOURG” New Development, Trends and in-depth information on selected issues Alain Origer REITOX Table of Contents Summary .................................................................................................................................... 4 Part A: New Developments and Trends ........................................................................................ 10 1. National policies and context................................................................................................. 10 Legal framework ................................................................................................................ 10 Institutional framework, strategies and policies .................................................................. 12 Budget and public expenditure........................................................................................... 14 Social and cultural context ................................................................................................. 15 2. Drug Use in the Population .................................................................................................... 18 Drug Use in the general population.................................................................................... 18 Drug Use in the school and youth population..................................................................... 20 Drug Use among specific groups: ...................................................................................... 26 Attitudes to drugs and drug users ...................................................................................... 27 3. Prevention ............................................................................................................................... 29 Universal prevention ........................................................................................................... 30 Selective/indicated prevention ............................................................................................ 33 4. Problem Drug Use................................................................................................................... 35 Prevalence and incidence estimates................................................................................... 36 Profile of clients in treatment (characteristics, patterns of use)............................................ 40 Main characteristics and patterns of use from non-treatment sources................................ 42 5. Drug-Related Treatment ......................................................................................................... 42 Treatment system ............................................................................................................... 46 Drug free treatment............................................................................................................. 46 Medically assisted treatment............................................................................................... 47 6. Health Correlates and Consequences................................................................................... 50 Drug related deaths and mortality of drug users.................................................................. 50 Drug related infectious diseases ......................................................................................... 54 Psychiatric co-morbidity (dual diagnosis) ............................................................................ 56 Other drug-related health correlates and consequences:.................................................... 59 1 7. Responses to Health Correlates and Consequences..................................................... 59 Prevention of drug related deaths: ...................................................................................... 59 Prevention and treatment of drug-related infectious diseases: ............................................ 61 Interventions related to other health correlates and consequences..................................... 62 8. Social Correlates and Consequences.............................................................................. 63 Social exclusion .................................................................................................................. 64 Drug related crime .............................................................................................................. 65 Drug use in prison............................................................................................................... 68 Social costs ........................................................................................................................ 69 9. Responses to Social correlates and Consequences ...................................................... 69 Social reintegration ............................................................................................................. 69 Prevention of drug related crime ......................................................................................... 70 10. Drug Markets ..................................................................................................................... 77 Availability and supply........................................................................................................ 77 Seizures (see ST 13) ............................................................................................................... 78 Price/purity (see ST 14).......................................................................................................... 80 Part B – Selected Issues............................................................................................................... 82 11. Gender Differences ........................................................................................................... 82 12. European Drug Policies: extended beyond illicit drugs?............................................... 86 13. Developments in drug use within recreational settings ................................................. 88 14. Bibliography ...................................................................................................................... 91 15. Annexes ............................................................................................................................. 96 2 Foreword The present report on the drug situation in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg has been compiled for the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) by the Luxembourgish EMCDDA focal point. The report has been edited by Alain Origer, head of the EMCDDA national focal point in collaboration with the following national actors: Andrée Clemang (Ministry of Justice), Georges Neu (Special Drug Department of the Judicial Police), Dr Jos Schlink (State Prison CPL), Prof. Dr Robert Wennig (National Laboratory of Health LNS), Henri Goedertz (AIDS Berôdung asbl), Dr Robert Hemmer (Surveillance Committee on AIDS), Henri Grün (JDH), Arianne Moyse (National Methadone Programme JDH), Romain Pauly (CTM), Dr Ferdy Kasel (CHNP-BU-V), Dr Mühe (CHL), Alain Massen (MSF), Simone Schram (Directorate of Health), Helène Dellucci, Pascale Straus and Nathalie Removille (NFP – CRP-Santé), Daniel Schroeder (Consultant), Céline Victoire (Administration du Contrôle médical), J.-P. Juchem (Union des Caisses de Maladie), J.-M. Schanck and Guy Reinart (Ministry of Health). Luxembourg, 28 October 2005 Author: Alain Origer Head of Focal Point PFN - CRP-Santé 3 Summary Annual National Report on the Drug Situation (Edition 2005) The report on the Drug Situation in the G. D. of Luxembourg has been prepared on behalf of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), a decentralized agency of the European Union. The report has been edited by the Luxembourgish focal point of the EMCDDA and provides an overview of current developments regarding the political and legal framework, the epidemiological situation, demand reduction interventions and selected key issues of current interest in the fields of drugs and drug addiction. Political, legal and organizational framework Following the parliamentary elections of June 1999 the government entrusted the Ministry of Health with the overall coordination of drug-related demand and risk reduction actions. The strategic framework was set up by the national drug coordinator’s office, mandated to elaborate the 2000-2004 action plan on drugs and drug addiction. The governmental programme presented following the parliamentary elections of June 2004 has introduced no changes concerning competences and attributions in the drugs field and constitutes the framework for the elaboration of the strategy and action plan 2005-2009 for the fight against drugs and drug addiction. The national strategy and action plan 2005-2009 relies upon the priorities of the Ministry of Health and a sustained concertation with field actors and civil society. In order to optimize its impact, the new action plan has taken into account pertinent elements issued from EU and EC treaties, the EU anti drugs strategy 2005-2012 and the EU drugs action plan 2005-2008 having been endorsed under the Luxembourg presidency. The general aim of the national strategy and action plan is to contribute to a high level of protection in terms of public
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