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Can the Serum Creatine Kinase (CK) Level Be a Malnutrition Parameter in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Failure?

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Can the Serum Creatine Kinase (CK) Level Be a Malnutrition Parameter in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Failure? RESEARCH ARTICLE Acta Medica Alanya 2020;4(2):137-143 ARAŞTIRMA DOI:10.30565/medalanya.679570 Can the serum Creatine Kinase (CK) level be a malnutrition parameter in patients with end-stage kidney failure? Son Dönem Böbrek Yetmezliği Hastalarında Serum Kreatin Kinaz (Ck) Düzeyi Malnutrisyon Parametresi Olabilir Mi? Ahmet Peker1*, Harun Akar1, Mehmet Tanrısev2 1.Health Sciences University İzmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, İzmir, Turkey 2.Health Sciences University İzmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Department of Nephrology, İzmir, Turkey ABSTRACT ÖZ Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum CK Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı; Son Dönem Böbrek Yetmezliği (SDBY) nedeniyle he- levels and malnutrition parameters in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) and modiyaliz (HD) ve periton diyalizi (PD) tedavisi alan hastalarda serum CK düzeyleri peritoneal dialysis (PD) for end stage renal disease (ESRD). ile malnutrisyon parametreleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Methods: In this prospective study, 60 patients receiving HD and 30 patients receiv- Gereç ve Yöntem: Prospektif olarak yürütülen bu çalışmada, Türkiye’ nin Ege bölge- ing PD for ESRD were evaluated. The relationship between serum CK levels and sinde hizmet veren bir hastanede SDBY nedeniyle HD tedavisi alan 60 hasta ve PD Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) Test scores, albumin, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), tedavisi alan 30 hasta değerlendirildi. Hastaların serum CK düzeyi ile Mini Nutrisyo- arterial blood gas parameters, KT / V ratio, total body water, muscle mass, body mass nel Değerlendirme Testi (MND)’ nden aldıkları puanlar, albumin ve C-Reaktif Protein index (BMI) and lean body mass (determined by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (CRP) gibi biokimyasal parametreler, arteriyel kan gazı değerleri, KT/V oranı, Biyo- (BIA) were examined. elektriksel İmpedans Analiz (BİA) yöntemiyle bakılan total vücut suyu, kas kütlesi, vü- Results: No correlation was found between CK levels and age, dialysis duration cut kitle indeksi (VKİ) yağsız vücut kütlesi ve VYO (vücut yağ oranı) gibi değişkenler and Ca values in HD and PD patients (p> 0.05). A positive correlation was found arasındaki ilişki incelendi. between CK levels and MNA scores and triceps skinfold thickness, lean body mass, Bulgular: HD ve PD hastalarında CK düzeyleri ile yaş, diyaliz süresi ve Ca değer- body muscle mass and BMI values of PD and HD patients, and a significant negative leri arasında ilişki saptanmadı (p>0,05). HD ve PD hastalarının CK düzeyleri ve correlation between total body water values (p <0.001). MND puanları ile BİA parametrelerinden yağsız vücut kütlesi, vücut kas kütlesi ve Conclusions: It was determined that serum CK level was compatible with other pa- VKİ değerleri arasında pozitif yönde, TVS değerleri arasında negatif ilişki saptandı rameters used in the determination and follow-up of nutritional disorder and sarco- (p<0,001). penia in ESRD patients. Sonuç: SDBY hastalarında serum CK düzeyinin, beslenme bozukluğu ve sarko- peninin belirlenmesi ve takibinde kullanılan diğer parametreler ile uyumlu olduğu görülmektedir. Key Words: End-Stage Renal Disease, Bioelectrical Impedance, Creatine Kinase, Anahtar Kelimeler: Son Dönem Böbrek Hastalığı, Biyoelektriksel Empedans, Kreatin Sarcopenia, Malnutrition Kinaz, Sarkopeni, Malnütrisyon Received: 28.01.2020 Accepted: 20.03.2020 Published (Online):12.07.2020 *Corresponding author: Ahmet Peker, Health Sciences University İzmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey. Phone: + 90 5388502519 e-mail: [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0003-2665-7433 To cited: Peker A, Akar H, Tanrısev M. Can the serum Creatine Kınase (CK) level be a malnutrition parameter in patient with end-stage kidney failure? Acta Med. Alanya 2020;4(2):137-143. doi:10.30565/medalanya.679570 Acta Medica Alanya MAY- AUG 2020 Open Access http://dergipark.gov.tr/medalanya. 137 This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Peker A. et al. End-stage kidney failure and malnutrition INTRODUCTION clinical practice in the diagnosis and follow-up of muscle-related diseases such as rhabdomyolysis, hronic renal failure (CRF) is an increasingly myocardial infarction, myositis and muscular important public health problem in our country C dystrophy (8). CK enzyme that keeps the cell and in the world, and is defined as a pathological energy balance and have a key role in energy condition characterized by chronic, progressive flow is closely associated with the parameters, and irreversible nephron loss due to various reflecting the muscle mass directly, such as diseases (1). End-stage renal failure (ESRD) BMI and lean body mass, which are the known develops as a result of persistent kidney damage indicators of muscle mass in an organism (9). in patients followed up with the diagnosis of CRF. The aim of this study was to examine whether In this period, renal replacement treatment (RRT) or not there is a correlation between the serum is needed and the conservative approach consists CK levels and other parameters (anthropometric of hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD) and measurements, biochemical values, MNA test, kidney transplantation (2). After starting dialysis BIA) used in the follow-up of malnutrition in the treatment in patients with CRF, susceptibility to patients receiving HD and PD treatment due to malnutrition occurs through factors such as the ESRD. metabolic effects caused by dialysis in the body, chronic acidemia, chronic inflammation and MATERIAL-METHOD oxidative stress (3). Study Model Malnutrition means both poor nutrition and over This prospective study was conducted in a nutrition and expresses the intake deficiency training and research hospital in the Aegean that will not meet the need and thereupon the Region of Turkey, between April 2017 and April developing pathological condition (4); it is an 2018, with 60 patients followed-up as a result of a important problem leading to mortality and diagnosis of ESRD and included in the routine HD morbidity in CRF patients. Many biochemical program, and 30 patients in the PD program. We and anthropometric measurements are used for received the written, Informed Volunteer Consent the diagnosis of malnutrition (5). Bio-impedance Form (IVCF) of all patients and those who did Analysis (BIA) is the body composition analysis not complete the IVCF, provided an inadequate method which is used in the follow-up of answer to their anamnesis questions, were malnutrition and the main principle of which is to illiterate, had an additional psychiatric disease, measure the resistance of the tissues against the were pregnant, were diagnosed with coronary passage of the electrical current through the body artery disease, rhabdomyolysis and myopathy, tissues. Through the BIA method, various body had gone through a recent physical trauma, or components can be examined such as the body were using statin drugs for hyperlipidemia, were mass index (BMI), the lean body mass, the basal excluded from the study. Approval to conduct the metabolic rate, the body fat ratio (BFR), and the study was received from the clinical trials ethics total body water (TBW) (6). The Mini Nutritional committee of the hospital where the study was Assessment (MNA) test is a fast, reliable, cheap conducted (Date: 07.03.2017, Decision number: and practical method used to determine the 10). nutritional status of the elderly population and outpatients, which includes questions about the Data Collection patient's lifestyle, mobilization and diet, as well as anthropometric measurements. It consists of four The laboratory findings specific to malnutrition sections that provide the opportunity to determine measured in the last 3 months synchronously the nutritional status in a subjective and general with CK were reached through the hospital manner. These sections include questions about information system, thanks to the routine follow- the patient's lifestyle, mobility, nutritional content ups of the HD and PD patients, in order to assess the laboratory data for the nutritional condition and order, and anthropometric measurements (7). of the patients. In the biochemistry laboratory of Serum creatine kinase (CK) level is used in the hospital where the research was conducted, Acta Medica Alanya 2020:4:2 138 Peker A. et al. End-stage kidney failure and malnutrition laboratory examination data were obtained using on qualitative data, Independent-Samples T test the enzymatic method in the Olympus AO 5800 was used together with Bootstrap results and the autoanalyzer. The patients were subjected to a Mann-Whitney U test was used using the Monte four-part MNA check including 18 questions and Carlo simulation technique. The correlations of were divided into three groups based on their the variables with each other were assessed using MNA scores. The anthropometric evaluations Pearson Correlation and Kendall's tau-b tests. In (height, middle arm and calf circumference) in the the comparison of the categorical variables, the first section were made using a tape measure with Pearson Chi-Square and Fisher-Fisher Exact a sensitivity of 0.01 cm. The measurements were tests were performed using Exact results and taken with the head upright, the soles of the feet the Fisher-Freeman-Holton test was performed flat on the ground, the knees stretched, the heels using the Monte Carlo Simulation technique. The adjacent and the body taken upright. BMI values
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