How to Follow up on Unexplained Hyperferritinemia in Primary Care
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Types of Acute Phase Reactants and Their Importance in Vaccination (Review)
BIOMEDICAL REPORTS 12: 143-152, 2020 Types of acute phase reactants and their importance in vaccination (Review) RAFAAT H. KHALIL1 and NABIL AL-HUMADI2 1Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL 32307; 2Office of Vaccines, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA Received May 10, 2019; Accepted November 25, 2019 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1276 Abstract. Vaccines are considered to be one of the most human and veterinary medicine. Proteins which are expressed cost-effective life-saving interventions in human history. in the acute phase are potential biomarkers for the diagnosis The body's inflammatory response to vaccines has both of inflammatory disease, for example, acute phase proteins desired effects (immune response), undesired effects [(acute (APPs) are indicators of successful organ transplantation phase reactions (APRs)] and trade‑offs. Trade‑offs are and can be used to predict the ameliorative effect of cancer more potent immune responses which may be potentially therapy (1,2). APPs are primarily synthesized in hepatocytes. difficult to separate from potent acute phase reactions. The acute phase response is a spontaneous reaction triggered Thus, studying acute phase proteins (APPs) during vaccina- by disrupted homeostasis resulting from environmental distur- tion may aid our understanding of APRs and homeostatic bances (3). Acute phase reactions (APRs) usually stabilize changes which can result from inflammatory responses. quickly, after recovering from a disruption to homeostasis Depending on the severity of the response in humans, these within a few days to weeks; however, APPs expression levels reactions can be classified as major, moderate or minor. -
Myoglobin Expression Under Hypoxic Condtions In
THESIS IN THE FACE OF HYPOXIA: MYOGLOBIN EXPRESSION UNDER HYPOXIC CONDTIONS IN CULTURED WEDDELL SEAL SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS Submitted by Michael Anthony De Miranda Jr. Department of Biology In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Science Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Spring 2012 Master’s Committee: Advisor: Shane Kanatous Gregory Florant Scott Earley Copyright by Michael A. De Miranda Jr. 2012 All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT IN THE FACE OF HYPOXIA: MYOGLOBIN EXPRESSION UNDER HYPOXIC CONDITIONS IN CULTURED WEDDELL SEAL SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS The hallmark adaptation to breath-hold diving in Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) is enhanced concentrations of myoglobin in their skeletal muscles. Myoglobin is a cytoplasmic hemoprotein that stores oxygen for use in aerobic metabolism throughout the dive duration. In addition, throughout the duration of the dive, Weddell seals rely on oxygen stored in myoglobin to sustain aerobic metabolism in which lipid is the primary contributor of acetyl CoA for the citric acid cycle. Together, enhanced myoglobin concentrations and a lipid-based aerobic metabolism represent some of the unique adaptations to diving found in skeletal muscle of Weddell seals. This thesis presents data that suggests cultured Weddell seal skeletal muscle cells inherently possess adaptations to diving such as increased myoglobin concentrations, and rely on lipids to fuel aerobic metabolism. I developed the optimum culture media for this unique primary cell line based on myoblast confluence, myoblast growth rates, myotube counts, and myotube widths. Once the culture media was established, I then determined the de novo expression of myoglobin under normoxic and hypoxic oxygen conditions and the metabolic profile of the myotubes under each oxygen condition. -
Evaluation of Iron Profile in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Cases
International Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry ISSN 0973-2691 Volume 15, Number 1 (2019) pp. 27-37 © Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com Evaluation of Iron Profile in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Cases Dr. Sayantaann Saha*, Dr. Roopa Murgod Department of Biochemistry Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, EPIP Area, Whitefield, Bangalore 560066, India. ABSTRACT Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Iron, a transitional metal has been shown to play a major role in pathogenesis of T2DM with a bi-directional relationship where iron affects glucose metabolism, and glucose metabolism in turn impinges on several iron metabolic pathways. Aims or Objectives: To estimate and compare the parameters related to iron metabolism viz. Serum Iron (Fe), Serum Ferritin, Serum TIBC (Total Iron Binding Capacity), Serum Transferrin and Transferrin Saturation with Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) between T2DM patients and healthy controls and correlation of FBS with the above iron parameters. Material and methods: A case control study was conducted between 41 cases of confirmed T2DM patients and 40 age & sex matched healthy controls. Iron profile parameters & FBS were estimated in both the groups and compared. Iron parameters were also correlated with FBS. * Corresponding author(Dr. Sayantaann Saha), Email id: [email protected] 28 Dr. Sayantaann Saha, Dr. Roopa Murgod Results: Serum ferritin, Serum iron & serum transferrin saturation were found to be significantly higher in patients with T2DM compared to control group (P<0.001). Serum transferrin & serum TIBC were found to be slightly lower in cases as compared to controls (P<0.001). -
HEMOCHROMATOSIS GENOTYPES and ELEVATED TRANSFERRIN SATURATION - Risk of Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension,Cancer, and Total Mortality
Doctor of Medical Science Thesis by Christina Ellervik MD, PhD HEMOCHROMATOSIS GENOTYPES AND ELEVATED TRANSFERRIN SATURATION - risk of diabetes mellitus, hypertension,cancer, and total mortality Aected Unaected Carrier Carrier Carrier Father Mother Aected Carrier Carrier Unaected Son Daughter Son Daughter Hemochromatosis genotypes and elevated transferrin saturation - risk of diabetes mellitus, hypertension,cancer, and total mortality Doctor of Medical Science Thesis by Christina Ellervik MD,PhD PhD The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences at the University of Copenhagen has accepted this dissertation, which consists of the already published dissertations listed below, for pub- lic defence for the doctoral degree in medicine. Copenhagen, October 11th 2015 Ulla M. Wewer Head of Faculty Place and time for defence: St. Auditorium at Herlev Hospital, June 22nd 2016 at 2pm Table of Contents • Papers on which the thesis is based............................................................. 2 • Preface ............................................................................................................. 3 • Scope and delimitation of the thesis ...................................................... 3 - 4 • Introduction ............................................................................................ 4 - 14 Hereditary hemochromatosis ............................................................................................ 4 - 7 Diabetes mellitus (paper 1 and 2) ..................................................................................... -
The Acute Phase Response and Exercise: Court and Field Sports
170 Br J Sports Med 2001;35:170–173 The acute phase response and exercise: court and Br J Sports Med: first published as 10.1136/bjsm.35.3.170 on 1 June 2001. Downloaded from field sports K E Fallon, S K Fallon, T Boston Abstract capacity, and transferrin, and transferrin satu- Objective—To determine the presence or ration.45 absence of an acute phase response after A number of studies have documented training for court and field sports. aspects of the acute phase response after exer- Participants—All members of the Aus- cise of a duration that would be expected to tralian women’s soccer team (n = 18) and induce significant damage to skeletal 6–12 all members of the Australian Institute of muscle. No data are available on the acute Sport netball team (n = 14). phase response in relation to court and field Methods—Twelve acute phase reactants sports. (white blood cell count, neutrophil count, Documentation of the extent and nature of platelet count, serum iron, ferritin, and the acute phase response to various types of transferrin, percentage transferrin satu- exercise is important, as changes related to the response may need to be taken into account for ration, á1 antitrypsin, caeruloplasmin, á2 acid glycoprotein, C reactive protein, and interpretation of haematological and biochemi- erythrocyte sedimentation rate) were cal measurements made during and after participation in sport. measured during a rest period and after The aim of this prospective study was there- moderate and heavy training weeks in fore to determine the presence or absence of members of elite netball and women’s the acute phase response in sports representa- soccer teams. -
Emerging and Dynamic Biomedical Uses of Ferritin
pharmaceuticals Review Emerging and Dynamic Biomedical Uses of Ferritin Brian Chiou and James R. Connor * Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-717-531-4541 Received: 24 October 2018; Accepted: 12 November 2018; Published: 13 November 2018 Abstract: Ferritin, a ubiquitously expressed protein, has classically been considered the main iron cellular storage molecule in the body. Owing to the ferroxidase activity of the H-subunit and the nucleation ability of the L-subunit, ferritin can store a large amount of iron within its mineral core. However, recent evidence has demonstrated a range of abilities of ferritin that extends well beyond the scope of iron storage. This review aims to discuss novel functions and biomedical uses of ferritin in the processes of iron delivery, delivery of biologics such as chemotherapies and contrast agents, and the utility of ferritin as a biomarker in a number of neurological diseases. Keywords: ferritin; iron; iron delivery; nanotechnology; nanocage; drug delivery; inflammation; serum biomarker 1. Ferritin Introduction Ferritin, a protein originally identified in 1937 by Vilém Laufberger [1], is a ubiquitously expressed iron storage protein most commonly characterized by its ability to accumulate and store up to 4500 atoms of iron [2]. Ferritin consists of 24 subunits, typically comprised of different ratios of the H and L chain subunit. The ratios vary by organ and even by cell type. Importantly, the different subunits have divergent functions—H-ferritin utilizes ferroxidase activity that is necessary for the oxidation of ferrous (Fe2+) to ferric (Fe3+) iron while L-ferritin contains acidic residues on the surface cavity of the protein that facilitate ferroxidase turnover and are crucial for the nucleation of ferric iron within the core of the fully formed protein. -
Cold Type Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia- a Rare Manifestation Of
Dematapitiya et al. BMC Infectious Diseases (2019) 19:68 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-3722-z CASE REPORT Open Access Cold type autoimmune hemolytic anemia- a rare manifestation of infectious mononucleosis; serum ferritin as an important biomarker Chinthana Dematapitiya1*, Chiara Perera2, Wajira Chinthaka1, Solith Senanayaka1, Deshani Tennakoon1, Anfas Ameer1, Dinesh Ranasinghe1, Ushani Warriyapperuma1, Suneth Weerarathna1 and Ravindra Satharasinghe1 Abstract Background: Infectious mononucleosis is one of the main manifestations of Epstein – Barr virus, which is characterized by fever, tonsillar-pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy and atypical lymphocytes. Although 60% of patients with IMN develop cold type antibodies, clinically significant hemolytic anemia with a high ferritin level is very rare and validity of serum ferritin as an important biomarker has not been used frequently. Case presentation: 18-year-old girl presented with fever, malaise and sore throat with asymptomatic anemia, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and mild hepatitis. Investigations revealed that she had cold type autoimmune hemolysis, significantly elevated serum ferritin, elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase level with serological evidence of recent Epstein Barr infection. She was managed conservatively and her hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels normalized without any intervention following two weeks of the acute infection. Conclusion: Cold type autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a rare manifestation of infectious mononucleosis and serum ferritin is used very rarely as an important biomarker. Management of cold type anemia is mainly supportive and elevated serum ferritin indicates severe viral disease. Keywords: Infectious mononucleosis (IMN), Hemolytic anemia, Ferritin Background mainly Mycoplasma pneumoniae and infectious mono- Epstein – Barr virus is one of the most ubiquitous human nucleosis (IMN). Diagnosis of cold type AIHA due to viruses, infecting more than 95% the adult population IMN is confirmed by demonstrating red cell aggregates in worldwide. -
Serum Alpha2-Macroglobulin, Transferrin, Albumin, and Igg Levels in Preeclampsia
J. clin. Path., 1970, 23, 514-516 J Clin Pathol: first published as 10.1136/jcp.23.6.514 on 1 September 1970. Downloaded from Serum alpha2-macroglobulin, transferrin, albumin, and IgG levels in preeclampsia C. H. W. HORNE, P. W. HOWIE, AND R. B. GOUDIE From the University Departments ofPathology and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow SYNOPSIS A radial immunodiffusion technique has been used to measure levels of four serum proteins in preeclampsia with or without proteinuria and in normal pregnant and non-pregnant controls. In preeclampsia unaccompanied by proteinuria, albumin and transferrin levels are similar to those found in the normal pregnant controls, but there are significant falls in 0x2-macroglobulin and IgG. When preeclampsia is accompanied by proteinuria there is a marked fall in albumin and an increase in o'2-macroglobulin. Since oU2-macroglobulin has antiplasmin activity it is possible that increased levels of this protein in preeclampsia accom-copyright. panied by proteinuria contribute to the intravascular coagulation which has been described in this disorder. Both in pregnancy and the nephrotic syndrome tension (bloodpressurehigher than 140/90mm Hg) increased levels of serum x2-macroglobulin have on two or more separate occasions after 28 weeks been reported (Schumacher and Schlumberger, of pregnancy in patients whose blood pressurehttp://jcp.bmj.com/ 1963; Schultze and Schwick, 1959). We therefore was less than 140/90 m-m Hg in the first trimester. thought it would be of interest to determine the Most of the patients had oedema. Preeclampsia serum oI2-macroglobulin levels in preeclampsia, a with proteinuria was diagnosed when proteinuria complication of pregnancy which bears a certain was detected for the first time after 28 weeks of similarity to the nephrotic syndrome. -
Journal of Blood Group Serology and Molecular Genetics Volume 34, Number 1, 2018 CONTENTS
Journal of Blood Group Serology and Molecular Genetics VOLUME 34, N UMBER 1, 2018 This issue of Immunohematology is supported by a contribution from Grifols Diagnostics Solutions, Inc. Dedicated to advancement and education in molecular and serologic immunohematology Immunohematology Journal of Blood Group Serology and Molecular Genetics Volume 34, Number 1, 2018 CONTENTS S EROLOGIC M ETHOD R EVIEW 1 Warm autoadsorption using ZZAP F.M. Tsimba-Chitsva, A. Caballero, and B. Svatora R EVIEW 4 Proceedings from the International Society of Blood Transfusion Working Party on Immunohaematology Workshop on the Clinical Significance of Red Blood Cell Alloantibodies, Friday, September 2, 2016, Dubai A brief overview of clinical significance of blood group antibodies M.J. Gandhi, D.M. Strong, B.I. Whitaker, and E. Petrisli C A S E R EPORT 7 Management of pregnancy sensitized with anti-Inb with monocyte monolayer assay and maternal blood donation R. Shree, K.K. Ma, L.S. Er and M. Delaney R EVIEW 11 Proceedings from the International Society of Blood Transfusion Working Party on Immunohaematology Workshop on the Clinical Significance of Red Blood Cell Alloantibodies, Friday, September 2, 2016, Dubai A review of in vitro methods to predict the clinical significance of red blood cell alloantibodies S.J. Nance S EROLOGIC M ETHOD R EVIEW 16 Recovery of autologous sickle cells by hypotonic wash E. Wilson, K. Kezeor, and M. Crosby TO THE E DITOR 19 The devil is in the details: retention of recipient group A type 5 years after a successful allogeneic bone marrow transplant from a group O donor L.L.W. -
Comparison of Histopathology, Immunofluorescence, and Serology
Global Dermatology Cae Report ISSN: 2056-7863 Comparison of histopathology, immunofluorescence, and serology for the diagnosis of autoimmune bullous disorders: an update Seline Ali E1, Seline Lauren N1, Sokumbi Olayemi1* and Motaparthi Kiran2,3 1Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA 2Dermatopathology, Miraca Life Sciences, USA 3Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA Introduction In an ELISA, the target antigen of interest (such as the NC16a domain of BP180) is immobilized by physical adsorption or by The diagnosis of autoimmune bullous disorders (AIBDs) relies on antibody capture. When antibody capture is utilized, this is referred to several different diagnostic methods. These include histopathology, as “sandwich ELISA” because the target antigen is bound between the direct immunofluorescence (DIF), indirect immunofluorescence immobilizing antibody and the primary antibody. Primary antibodies (IIF), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and are present in the patient’s serum. Enzyme-linked secondary antibodies immunoblotting. When faced with a presumptive AIBD, the are then added which bind the Fc region of primary antibodies. most widely employed method for diagnosis by dermatologists is Substrate is added and converted by the enzyme into a signal. A a combination of histopathology and DIF. While DIF is still the resulting color change, fluorescence, or electrochemical signal is diagnostic method of choice for linear IgA bullous disease and IgA quantitatively measured and reported [5]. pemphigus, ELISA is a more accurate, cost-effective and less invasive method of diagnosis for several AIBDs including pemphigus vulgaris Western blot is synonymous with immunoblot. For this method, and foliaceus, based on currently available evidence [1-3]. -
Weakness of Biochemical Markers of Nutritional and Inflammatory Status
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (1997) 51, 148±153 ß 1997 Stockton Press. All rights reserved 0954±3007/97 $12.00 Weakness of biochemical markers of nutritional and in¯ammatory status as prognostic indices for growth retardation and morbidity of young children in central Africa R Tonglet1,4, E Mahangaiko Lembo2,4, M Dramaix3 and P Hennart3,4 1School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; 2Rural Health District of Kirotshe, Goma, Northern Kivu, Zaire; 3School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium; and 4Centre Scienti®que et MeÂdical de l'Universite Libre de Bruxelles pour ses ActiviteÂs de CoopeÂration (CEMUBAC), Brussels, Belgium Objective: To determine to what extent biochemical markers of the nutritional and in¯ammatory status of young children are related to subsequent growth retardation and morbidity. Design: Population-based follow-up study of a cohort of children from admission to ®nal survey round six months later. Setting: Health area in Northern Kivu, Zaire. Subjects: 842 children under two years of age of whom about one-third gave informed consent to capillary blood collection. Main outcome measures: Concentration of albumin, transferrin, transthyretin, a1-acid glycoprotein, C-reactive protein, and complement component C3 at baseline, and three and six months later. Incremental growth per 1 month, 3 months and 6 months of follow-up. Cumulative incidence of disease per 1 month and 3 months interval. Results: A high proportion of children was with low concentrations of transport proteins and high concentrations of acute-phase reactants. Weight growth and arm circumference growth did not vary signi®cantly with respect to initial concentrations of biomarkers, but subsequent height growth was lower in children with high values of transferrin, a1-acid glycoprotein, and complement component C3 at baseline. -
K392-100 Total Iron-Binding Capacity (TIBC) and Serum Iron Assay Kit (Colorimetric)
FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY! Total Iron-Binding Capacity (TIBC) and Serum Iron Assay Kit (Colorimetric) rev 08/19 (Catalog # K392-100; 100 assays; Store at -20°C) I. Introduction: BioVision’s TIBC and Serum Iron Assay Kit measures both Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and Serum iron. Those values indicate the requisite iron for transferrin saturation and Serum Iron respectively. In humans, Transferrin is a blood protein that binds and transports iron throughout the body. Iron bound to transferrin and not bound are reflected in the following: 1) Total Iron Binding Capacity, 2) Unbound Iron, 3) Transferrin Saturation Bound Iron, and 4) Free Iron. Those measurements can be used for to detect and monito transferrin saturation and also iron-deficiency anemia and chronic inflammatory diseases. Part A: TIBC Part B: Serum Iron 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 II. Application: Determination of TIBC, Unbound Iron, Transferrin Saturation, Serum Iron III. Sample Type: Serum or plasma. Serum-off-the clot is preferable to normal serum. IV. Kit Contents: Components K392-100 Cap Code Part Number TIBC Assay Buffer 25 ml WM K392-100-1 Iron Solution 100 µl Blue K392-100-2 TIBC Detector 2 x 1.5 ml Brown K392-100-3 TIBC Developer 5 ml NM K392-100-4 Iron Standard (100 mM) 100 µl Yellow K392-100-5 V. User Supplied Reagents and Equipment: • 96-well plate clear plate with flat bottom • Microplate reader capable of absorbance reading VI. Storage Conditions and Reagent Preparation: Store kit at -20°C, protected from light. Briefly centrifuge small vials prior to opening.