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TITLE Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue.Joint Hearing before the Senate Committee on theJudiciary and the House Committee on the Judiciary on AnEntertaining Way nf Enlightening Children about the Dangers ofSubstance Abuse. One Hundred First Congress,Second Session. INSTITUTION Congress of the U.S., Washington,D.C. House Committee on the Judiciary.; Congressof the U.S., Washington, D.C. Senate Committee on the Judiciary. REPORT NO Senate-Hrg-101-1220 PUB DATE 19 Apr 90 NOTE 56p.; Serial No. J-101-70;Serial No, 139. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC20442. AVAILABLE FROMSuperintendent of Documents, CongressionalSales Office, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402. PUB TYPE Legal/Legislative/Regulatory Materials (090)

F.DRS PRICE MF01/PC03 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Cartoons; *Childrens Television;*Drug Education; Hearings; Mass Media Role;*Substance Abuse; Television IDENTIFIERS *Cartoon :,11 Stars to the Rescue;Congress 101st

ABSTRACT This document presents witnesstestimony and supplemental materials from a Congressionaltearing called to examine Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue, acartoon designed to teach children about the danger of substance abuse.Opening statements are included by Senator Joseph Eiden, Jr.,chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, and by Senators StromThurmond, Howard Netzenbaum, Char_es Grassley, Paul Simon, Patrick Leahy,Orrin Hatch, and Arlen Specter and Representatives Jack Brooks,Hamilton Fish, John Conyers, Jr., and Craig James. Testimony isincluded from: (1) Richard Frank, president of Walt Disney Studios;(2) John Agoglia, chairman of the Academy of Television Arts andSciences campaign against substance abuse steering committee, executivevice president of TV business affairs, NBC, executive vice president,NBC Productions; (3) Roy Disney, vice chairman of the boardof directors, the Walt Disney Company; and (4) Kenneth Barun,vice president and executive director, Ronald McDonald Children'sCharities, McDonald's Corporation. Mr. Frank discusses someof the activities, especially the half-hour animated antidrugprogram, Cartoon All-Stars totlie Rescue, that aired on a Saturdaymorning on all channels and all networks simultaneously; Mr.Agoglia tells how the cartoon special evolved; Mr. Disney describes theproduction of the cartoon; and Mr. Barun explains how and why theMcDonald's Corporation became involved in the project. (NB)

****************************WW***************************************** * * Reproductions supplied by EDRS arethe best that can be made * * from the original document. *********************************************************************** S. HIM. 101-1220 CARTOON ALL-STARS TO THE RESCUE

JOINT HEARING BEFORE THE SENATE COMMITTEE ON TIE JUDICIARY

AND THE HOUSE COM1TTTEE ON TIE JUDICIARY ONE HUNDRED FIRST CONGRESS SECOND SESSION

ON AN ENTERTAINING WAY OF ENLIGHTENING CHILDREN ABOUT THE DANGERS OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE

APRIL 19, 1990

Senate Judiciary Committee Serial No. J-101-70 House Judiciary Committee Serial No. 139

Printed for the use of the Committees on the Judiciary

U.S. DEPARTMENT OP EDuCATION Offce or Educes' Oriel Research and improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER IERIC) iV.-his document ruts been reproduced as ec ve0 from the porton or organization originating it E Minor changes hare been made to improve reproduction quality BEST COPY AVAILABLE Points of view or opinions stated in this docu- mem cto not necessarily represent official OE RI Position or Policy

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 34-981 WASHINGTON : 1991

For sale by the Supermtendent of Documents. C ngressional Sales Office U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. DC 29402 SENATE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY JOSEPH R. BIDEN, Ja, Delaware. Chairman EDWARD M. KENNEDY, Massachusetts STROM THURMOND. South Carolina HOWARD M. METZENBAUM. Ohio ORRIN G. HATCH, Utah DENNIS DLCONCINI, Arizona ALAN K. SIMPSON, Wyoming PATRICK J. LEAHY. Vermont CHARLES GRASSLEY, Iowa HOWELL HEFLIN, Alabama ARLEN SPECTER, Pennsylvania PAUL SIMON, Illinois GORDON J. HUMPHREY, New Hampshire HERBERT KOHL, Wisconsin RONALD A. KLMN, Chief Counsel DIANA HUFFMAN, Staff Director JEFFREY J. Prat. General Counsel TERRY L. WooTEN, Minority Chief Counsel and Staff Dirrctor

HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY JACK BROOKS, Texas, Chairman ROBERT W. KASTENMEIER, Wisconsin HAMTLTON FISH, JR.. New York DON EDWARDS, California CARLOS J. MOOR.HEAD, California JOHN CONYERS. Ja., Michigan HENRY J. HYDE. Illinois ROMANO L. MAZZOLL Kentucky F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER, Ja., WILLIAM J. HUGHW, New Jersey Wisconsin MIKE SYNAR, Oklahoma BILL McCOLLUM. Florida PATRICIA SCHROEDER, Colorado GEORGE W. GEKAS. Pennsylvania DAN GLICKMAN, Kansas MICHAEL DZWINE. Ohio BARNEY FRANK, Massachusetts WILLIAM E. DANNEMEYER. California GEO. W. CROCKETT. JR., Michigan HOWARD COBLE, North Carolina CHARLES E. SCHUMER, New York D. FRENCH SLAUGHTER, JR., Virginia BRUCE A. MORRISON. Connecticut LAMAR S. SMITH. Texas EDWARD F. FEIGHAN. Ohio CHUCK DOUGLAS, New Hampehire LAWRENCE J. SMITH, Florida CRAIG T. JAMES. Florida HOWARD L. BERMAN, California TOM CAMPBELL, California RICK BOUCHER, Virginia HARLEY O. STAGGERS, JR., West Virginia JOHN BRYANT. Texas MEL LEVINE. California GEORGE E. SANGMEISTER, Illinois CRAIG A. WASHINGTON. Texas WILLIAM M. JoNgs, G.neral Counsel ROUST H. BRINK, Deputy General Counsel ..*.t.s.N F. COFFEY, JR.. Minority Chief Counsel

4 ID

3 CONTENTS

OPENING STATEMENTS

Page Biden, Chairman Joseph R., Jr 1 Brooks, Chairman Jack 3 Thurmond, Hon. Strom 4 Fish, Hon. Hamilton, Jr 6 Metzenbaum, Hon. Howard M 9 Conyers, Hon. John, Jr 27 Grass ley, Hon. Charles E S1 Simon. Hon. Paul 34 Leahy, Hon. Patrick J 36 Hatch, Hon. Orrin G 37 Specter, Hon. Arlen 38 James, Hon. Craig T 40 CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF WITNESSES Frank, Richard, president, Walt Disney Studios 10 Agog ha, John, chairman of the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences campaign against substance abuse steering committee, executive vice presi- dent of TV business affairs, NBC, executive vice president, NBC Produc- tions 17 Disney, Roy, vice chairman of the board of directors, the Walt Disney Co 21 Barun, Kenneth, vice president and executive director, Ronald McDonald Children's Charities, McDonald's Corp 26 ALPHABETICAL LIST AND SUBMITTED MATERIAL Agog.lia. John: Testimony 17 Prerred statement 19 Barun,enneth: Testimony 26 Disney, Roy: Testimony 21 Prepared statement 23 Frank, Richard: Testimony 10 Prepared statement 13 CARTOON ALL-STARS TOTHE RESCUE

THURSDAY, APRIL 19, 1990 U.S. SENATE, COMMMTEE ON THE JUDICIARY, AND HOUSE OFREPRESENTATIVES, CommrrrEE ON THE JUDICIARY, Washington., DC. The committees met, pursuant tonotice, at 10:07 a.m., in room SH-216, Hart Senate Office Building,Hon. Joseph l3iden (chair- man of theSenate Judiciary Committee) presiding. Present: Senators Biden, Metzenbaum,Leahy, Simon, Thurmond, Hatch, Grass ley, and Specter; andRepresentatives Brooks, Con- yers,Fish, Sensenbrenner, McCalum,Gekas, Coble, Douglas, James, and Campbell. OPENING STATEMENT OF CHAIRMANBIDEN Chairman BIDEN. The hearing will please cometo order. We are pleased to have with us the distinguishedchairman of the House Judiciary Committee who deigned to come acrossthe hall and be with us today, and I sincerely appreciateit, Mr. Chairman, that you would come overto this neck of the woods: It is anhonor for us, and also, that yourcolleague, the ranking member,Hamilton Fish, would also come over with you.I noticed you came over sepa- rately, but you both came over. We aredelighted to have you both here today, seriously, and the remainderof the House Judiciary Committee, Congressman Gekas who is here,and others who will be coming. We convened this special joint sessionof our two committees to hear about a very special effort to educate ourchildren about the dangers of drug abuse. Today, we will seeunveiled here the newest weapon in our so-called waragainst drugs, and I am notreal crazy about that phrase, but in our effort to stemwhat is a serious, seri- ous problemfacing this country.. This new weai;onis not a naval carrier group or a new prison. It isn't a$1 billion research program for cocaine-eating caterpillars. It issomething far more powerful than any of those thiugs. It is a cartoon. Any of us who hold public officunderstand full well the most pc,A-erful weapon that we know in politicsis a cartoon, and we are horeful that one of the most powerful weaponsin the effort to edu- cate our children against thedangers of drug abuse willbe a cartoon. Anyone who doubts the power of cartoons,I don't think knows much about our children and theirhabits. For unless your family has been stranded on a desert islandfor the last 6 months, if you (I) 2 like me with an8-year-old, you knowthat the Teen- are a parent well-known group ofindividuals age MutantNinja Turtles are a of those tur- among8-year-olds, and you knowthe powerful impact tles, along with figureslike Bugs Bunny andWinnie the Pooh and the Smurfs, and Alf,who have all hadimpacts upon ourchildren, and this is a chancefor their impact to be verypositive. Our children imitatethese characters in theirwords and their mannerisms and their games,and often in theiractions. And that nowand I mustacknowledge at the deri- is why for several years encouraging the en- sion on occasion of mycolleaguesI have been tertainment industry to usethose influentialcharacters to produce I drew some laughter antidrug programs. Andthat is why, though the at the time I mustadmit, I called in aspeech last summer at of the talents thatcreated Bambi andBenji Press Club for the use And to create newcharacters for childrenwith antidrug messages. months ago I was proudto endorse theproject that is why about 9 it was get- you will seetoday, "CartoonAll-Stars to the Rescue," as ting underway. his own right has The four men we havebefore us today each in In made a tremendouscontribution to thisunprecedented effort. just 48 hours 20 millionchildren will be watchingtheir handiwork from it. And I hope everyparent in this and hopefully learning with their children onSatur- country will be inthe front row seats All- day morning as theirTV seta are turned onwatching "Cartoon I will be, I must tell you,with my 8- ear- Stars to the Rescue," as here is, Mr.Chair- old daughter. Becausethe interesting feature That is, that man, theywill not be able to turnto anything else. this cartoon will beplayed on all channels,all networkssimulta- neously. Unprecedented. ambitious In my opinion,"Cartoon All-Stars" isthe single most and important drugeducation program everattempted anywhere, American parents I want tothank a of youwho and on behalf of much were involvedin this undertaking.I want to thank you very for your effort, andhopefully we will see success. Yes, today's drug waris about prisons andprosecutors, treat- ment beds and trainingprograms,intelligence efforts andinterdic- tion. But the long termstruggle, the ultimate messageof our suc- cess, has tobe about education,about educating ourchildren. Simply put, in the long runthis cartoon may bethe best thing we dealers. So our messagetoday is this, evenif have to Wat the drug be able to beat thecartels with our it sounds silly, cartoons may build upon the messagethat young. If ourschools and our families be able to make is being broadcast onSaturday morning, we may more progressthan we ever have. the Pooh If teachers and theNinja Turtles andthe parents and prevent this generationof children Bear all do their part, we can effort from becoming the nextgeneration of drugaddicts. This joint is what we are aboutto learn about today. for his And now it is mypleasure to recognizeChairman Brooks point out that I thowhtafter his illness opening statement, and to little more and his fight backthat he may be alittle c.tmer, a sedate, not be smoking as manycigars, but I amglad to see he is just as tough, has just as manycigars, and is just ascantankerous as he ever was. 3 Welcome, Mr. Chairman, it is adelight to have you overhere and a delight to have youfeeling so well. OPENING STATEMENT OFCHAIRMAN BROOKS Chairman BROOKS. Thank you verymuch, Senator. I am honored to be here with you.One of the reasons I am overhere is the very high regard I have for youand the work you do onbehalf of the people of this country. We meet together this morningto learn about aunique coopera- tive effort in the battleagainst drug abuse, "CartoonAll-Stars to the Rescue," a historicanimated entertainment programthat will carry a strongantidrug message to anestimated 20 million of our Nation's children on televisionthis Saturday morning.My younq- est is 16 and shestill likes to watch thoseDisney cartoons. I don t understand her, but she stilldoes; 16 years old and she willstill go watch them. I asked her theother day, "How old are youanyhow?" That does not faze her atall. Joint hearings betweenHouse and Senate committeesdon't take place every day. In fact, they are rare,and the fact the two Judici- ary Committees aremeeting together this morning servesto under- score theimportance we place on thisissue. The scourge ofdrug abuse destroys millions ofindividual lives, tears apartcountless numbers of families, andyanks at the very fabricof our society. Statistics reveal that drugs arebecoming a serious problem even among our youngchildren. For example, nearlyone-third of fourth grade students have beenencouraged by their fellowstudents to try either alcohol ormarijuana. In adthtion, ,the averageage of first drug use is now 13,and the average age offirst alcohol use is 12. These shocking figures vividlyillustrate the vital importanceof strong and effectivesubstance abuse education programsfor even the very young. The oldsaying that an ounce ofprevention is worth a pound of cure was never moreappropriate, and that is where efforts such as "CartoonAll-Stars to the Rescue" comeinto play. Produced by the Academyof Television Artsand Sciences, and funded by RonaldMcDonald's Children's Charitiesand McDon- ald's Restaurants, this 30-minutespecial is aimed atchildren ages 5 to 11. By featuring a cast of morethan 20 of the world's mostpopular cartoon characters, this programwill teach our youngchildren about the dangers of drug andalcohol abuse in a formatthey can understand, enjoy, and relate to.In addition, thanks tothe coopera- tion of the televisionbroadcast community, the messagewill have maximum impact. "CartoonAll-Stars to the Rescue'will be simul- cast without commercialinterruption by ABC, CBS,NBC, and Fox networks, and by hundreds ofindependent stations andcable out- lets. It will also be carriedby the major networksin Canada and Mexico. I would like to get asmall ad on there forthe Democrats. It would give them prettygood coverage. In addition, I want to join youin welcoming our witnessesthis morning, Mr. Chairman, andcongratulate the organizationsand individuals involved in thisimportant project. Eachof you should be justly proud of yourefforts and contributions tothis program. 4 Thank you very mach. Chairman BIDEN. Thank you,Mr. Chairman, and don'tbe sur- prised if your daughterdoesn't speak to you when you gohome today. Senator Thurmond. OPENING STATEMENT OFSENATOR THURMOND Senator THURMOND. Thank you,Mr. Chairman. Mr. Chairman, we are verypleased to meet with thesedistin- guished House members,especially my good friendJack Brooks who was a neighbor of minefor so many years. I hopehis family is all well. Mr. Chairman, today we aregathered to hear testimony on a very importantaspect of the drug war,the private sector efforts at drug prevenfon. Specifically,this joint hearing of boththe Senate and House JudiciaryCommittees will focus uponthe cooperative effort being waged byseveral of the entertainmentindustry's mAjor production studios.We will discuss howseveral studios, tele- vision networks and stationsand major corporate sponsorshave worked together to bring amajor animated drugprevention pro- gram aimed atchildren into our homes. Our Nation's children arethe most innocent victimsof our Na- tion's drug epidemic. Children areoften victims of drugrelated vio- lence; babies are being bornaddicted to crack, and youngpeople are selling,purchasing and using drugs.No community is safefrom the effects of drug abuse.A strong national effortin which every citizen contributes is what ourNation needs to win the war on drugs. A mWor priority of anyeffort to eliminate thedrug scourge should be to ensure that ourchildren never use drugs.Failure to do so will only lead to morebroken homes, heartachesand violent crime. The most effectivestrategies for preventingdrug use and keeping drugs out of our schoolsand neighborhoods arethose that mobilize all elements of societyin a coordinated effort.The initia- tive of this action restswith our Nation's citizens,local govern- ments, and businesses.They are best able torecognize a communi- ty's particular needs and fashion a response. Mr. Chairman, PresidentBush has recognized theimportance of the private sector as partof the national drugcontrol strategy. In addition to providing greaterassistance to law enforcementtreat- ment and interdictionefforts, the strategy callsfor continued coop- eration between the governmentand the private sector toimprove and expand the educationand prevention programs,the need for business communities tounderwrite the cost ofprevention pro- grams, and tobecome active participantsin our efforts to eradicate drugs continues to be stressedby President Bush. Despite the efforts of theFederal Government, it isclear that government cannot winthe war alone. Thewitnesses we will hear from today will provide uswith an example of thegrowing involve- ment of the private sector.These individuals and thecompanies they work tor have made acommitment to do their partto limit the number of future victimsof drug abuse."Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue" will be the firstentertainment program eversimulcast 5 networks. The cartooncharacters in thisfilm by all the television dangers which areinherent will educate youngviewers about the of with drug use. We musteducate our childrenabout the evils their lives as possible.The sooner children are drugs as early in the chances aware ofthe devastationcaused by drugs the greater them. The testimonyof those involvedin this they will never use Judici- effort should provebeneficial to both theHouse and Senate aryCommittees. children about the In closing, I knowthe fight to educate our horrors of drugaddiction is not a simpletask. There are no guar- antees that drugprevention efforts will saveall of our children Yet, when we seethe life of pain, pover- from the evils of drug use. people, we knowthat we ty and sufferingdrugs cause so many re- cannot give up.The drug problem weface only strengthens my efforts to win this war.Although the continu- solve to increase our continue to be relentless. ing battle will notbe easy, we must Thank you, For these reasons,I look forward totoday's hearing. Mr. Chairman. Mr. Chairman. Mr.Fish. Chairman Blum. Thank you, anxious to see a car- Mr. FISH. Thank you,Mr. Chairman. I am like to welcome ourpanel and toon at this hourof the day. I would like to ask thank them for their enormouscontribution. I would unanimous consent that myremarks may beinserted in therecord. [The prepared statementof Mr. Fish follows:] 6

STATEMENT BY THE HONORABLE HAMILTON FISH, JR.

REGARDING

THE ANTI-DRUG TELEVISION PROGRAM FOR CHILDREN

PRODUCED BY THE ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS& SCIENCES

want to thank Chairman Brooks andChairman Biden for conducting this unusual hearing this morning. It is quite appropriate that the subject of preventing drug useby America's

children would be the reason for an extraordinaryjoint meeting

of the House and Senate Judiciary Committees. It is appropriate

because the greatest challenge faced bythe Congress in the area

of drug abuse is that of protecting ourchildren from this deadly

scourge.

This morning, Mr. Chairman, we will learn about an

unprecedented effort in the area of anti-drugeducation. Most

experts agree that our best hope inreducing the problem of drug

abuse to educate children while they are young. Recent

studies show that drug education programs areparticularly

effective with school-age children. Indeed, casual use of

dangerous drugs by teenagers and adults hasbeen decreasing

steadilY, and thisis largely because of prevention andeducation

efforts. America's drug czar Bill Bennett hasacknowledged that

1 0 2 to kids early in getting a strong andclear anti-drug message prevention and their lives isarguably the wisest use of .

education resources.

I extend This is why I am sopleased with today'shearing. Mr. Richard Frank, my sincerecongratulations to our guests -- Mr. Roy Disney, Vice the President ofWalt Disney Studios; Disney Company and Chairman of the Board ofDirectors of the Walt which we will be the Executive Producerof the program about Chairman of the hearing this morning;and Mr. John Agoglia, Campaign Against Academy of TelevisionArts and Sciences' for their great Substance Abuse SteeringCommittee

contributions to this program.

of this cartoon Mr. Chairman, I amencouraged by the thought It illustrates an special being shownthis Saturday morning. this: The war extremely importantfact. And that fact is

against drugs cannot be wonexclusively through government be firmly committed tothe action. The private sector must educational institutions,religious cause. We need businesses, the example of the affiliations and otherorganizations to follow Everyone must bewilling to entities representedhere today.

11 8

3

is demonstrate the creativity,generosity and sacrifice that revealed in this cartoon special.

Mr. Chairman,I again thank you and thedistinguished chairman of the Senate JudiciaryCommittee for providing the opportunity to learn firsthandabout this wonderful program. 5 Chairman BIDEN. Thank you,Mr. Fish. We have adistinguished witness list. I will introducethem all and then ask them tomake their statements or commentsin the order that theyhave been in- troduced. Senator METZENBAUM. Mr.Chairman, I would like tomake a statement please. The CHAIRMAN. OK. OPENING STATEMENT OFSENATOR METZENBAUM Senator METZENBALTM.Thank you, sir. Mr. Chairman,I wanted to make a statementbecause this is a somewhatunique position for me to be in. Forabout 14 years in the UnitedStates Senate I have spoken out againstcombinations of the businesscommunity which I thought provided animpediment to free commerce, tothe free enterprise system.I have felt that theantitrust laws of this country had to beenforced against suchcombinations. But I would say that Ihave spoken out againstcombinations in restraint of trade. but this is a combinationin support of the war ondrugs, and I want to congratulateall of those who haveparticipated and have made it possible to bringabout this major programthat will get the message out to the youngchildren of this country. It is not, however, enough to saythat that step alonecompletes the circle. It will make a majorimpact. Yet we are allwell enough aware thatthe commercials that you carry onTV don't have an impact because you run then once,and you can't keeprunning the same program overand over again. I wouldhope that the networks and the cable stations andthe independents andall others would see fit to makethis the beginning but notthe end of insertionsinto programs of the, messagethat will be delivered soeffectively and so well on Saturday morning.I congratulate you for yourefforts and for your ability to jointogether to bring about this program.It is a major move and one thatpleases me, and all themembers, I am sure, of this panel,immeasurably. Good work. Chairman BIDEN. Gentlemen, Imight point out to youthat the all-star gang already had asignificant victory. They maynot win the war against drugs,but if they won the waragainst Senator Metzenbaum allowing you all to sitdown, this is a significantvicto- ry. {Laughter.} It says drugs don't stand achance against these guys.Well, even Metzenbaum doesn't stand achance against these guys. I thank the Senator. Hehas been vigilant, in myview, to the benefit of this country, in seeingto it that competitionflourishes, but I think this isevidence of the fact that we areall anxious and excited to see this, andhopefully, if it works, more. Our first witness willbe Mr. Richard Frank.He is President of the Walt Disney Studios,founder and formerPresident of the Academy of Television Artsand Sciences. And hehas been, I might add, active in urging writersand directors todeglamorize drugs on television, and also, throughhis leadership, theAcademy works with the White HouseConference for a Drug-FreeAmerica, the and the Departmentof Education National Council on Alcoholism, him to help shapepolicy in the televisionindustry. Having met before and knowing of hiswork, I want topersonally thank him

13 10 and congratulate him for hiseffort. He is not new to thisundertak- ing. Our next witness is John Agoglia.He is the executive vicepresi- dent of TV business affairs andproductions for NBC, and ischair- man of theAcademy of Television Arts andSciences' Campaign Against Substance AbuseSteering Committee. I might addthat at my meeting withthe executives of the networks,there was a genu- ine, I believe, serious, genuine,real live Oesire to dosomething positive about this effort. Andthis is not in,. rely their giving atthe office to get it out of the way. And John, you have been very, very, verypositive and helpful in that regard and I thank you for yourwork as well. Our third witness is Roy Disney.He is vice chairman ofthe board for the Walt Disney Co.and has served as the executive pro- ducer of "Cartoon All-Stars tothe Rescue." Roy is a nephewof the late Walt Disney and bears astriking resemblance, notonly phys- ically but also in his commitment toAmerica's children, and I want to thank you verymuch, Mr. Disney, for beirighere as well. And Mr. Kenneth Barun, vicepresident and executivedirector of Ronald McDonald Childrens' Charities.The McDonald Corp., which has funded this drug preventioneffort, is not new to theeffort of trying to help children, whether itis the Ronald McDonaldHouse and the charitable effortsrelating to children or thiseffort. We thank you very much and thankMcDonald's Corp. for beingwill- ing to undertake this. We will begin with Mr. Frank,please. STATEMENT OF RICHARD FRANK,PRESiDENT, WALT DISNEY STUDIOS Mr. FRANK. Thank you, ChairmanBiden, Chairman Brooks, members of the committees. I amRichard Frank, presidentof the Walt Disney Studios. For 4 years nowthe television industryhas been actively and energeticallyinvolved in the war ondrugs. I would like to thank you for this opportunityto discuss some ofthe activities, especially the upcominghalf-hour animatedantidrug called "Cartoon All-Stars to theRescue," which airsSaturday morning. I am here today in my capacity aspresident of Walt DisneyStu- dios and the past president of theAcademy of TelevisionArts and Sciences. It was during my tenure aspresident that the Academy made a major commitment to take astrong stand in the war on drugs. The year was 1986 and the extentof the drug crisis wasbe- coming clear to anyone whoread a newspaper orwatched the evening news. However, theprevailing sentiment inthe television industry was that since we werein the entertainmentbusiness we should limit mrselves to trying toentertain. But there is no such thing as pureentertainment. Everything we put on the airfrom"Thirty Something" to "SixtyMinutes" to the Smurfs"carries explicit or implicit messagesto the viewers about lifestyle, about relationships,and about values. Weprovide a steady supply of heroes andvillains who fill the pantheonof role models in American culture.

4 ii With this in mind, theAcademy's board of governorsdecided that the television industryshould play a significantrole in bat- tling the Nation's drugproblem. After all, theproblem of drug abuse may be pervasive in oursociety, but so is television.Wherev- influence of drugs, there isthe influence of televi- er there is the there are . sion. There are nearly as manytelevisions in America as people. Kids typically watch7 hours of programming aday. Drug abusers, and more importantly,potential abusers, all watchtelevi- sion. They hear what wehave to say. They watchwhat we have to show them. On the issue of substanceabuse, it seemed thattelevision could clearly use its unmatchedcommunication power to notonly enter- tain but to enlighten.And so we launched theTelevision Acade- my's Campaign AgainstSubstance Abuse. In big waysand in small ways we weredetermined to have a positiveimpact on the war on drugs. The campaign'sfirst project was a kick-offluncheon that was keynotedby First Lady Nan:yWag= in October of 1986.Mrs. Reagan addressed 1,200 peoplein the television industry,including the heads of every majorstudio and network inHollywood about her antidrug efforts. Thefollowing day we got down towork during an all-daysubstance abuse conference.Key television writers, pro- ducers, directors and actors metwith leaders from lawenforcement agencies, education, medicineand government in urder togain new insights into the responsibleportrayal of drug use andabuse. One of the campaign'sactivities is to annually kecognize the win- ners of theScott Newman Awards which goto television shows that have most effectivelyand creatively dealtwith substance abuse. The campaign alsoconducts a film/videocompetition of its own that recognizescollege students who producethe best antisub- stance abuse public serviceannouncements. The campaign's mostimportant single activityis its Outreach Program. Under this pro,gram, aspecial teamincluding atreat- ment expert, an officialfrom the Los AngelesPolice Department DARE Program, and an Academyofficialmeets with writers,di- rectors and producersof individual primetime programs.The Out- reach Program team explains theextent of the drugproblem in the United States and encouragesthe depiction ofhealthy lifestyles and the deglamorization ofthe use of drugs andalcohol. Let me give you one exampleof the impact of theOutreach Pro- gram. On theshow "Magnum PI," TomSelleck often goes tothe refrigerator. Normally, on aprivate eye drama likethis the star would pull out a beer. ButSelleck doesn't. He pourshimself a glass of milk. This small butsignificant act subtly letsmillions of Ameri- cans know that youdon't have to drink alcoholto be a tough guy. This is one of the thousandsof little ways that theAcadem7's cam- paign against substanceabuse has made a difference. We are here today to discuss oneof the big ways. The"Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue" specialwill inform an estimated20 million children across America aboutthe dangers of substanceabuse. But the show won't be a preachylecture that would just turnkids off. Instead, it will get its message creaseusing an entertainingformat that children favor and charactersthey love. Since the initial announcementof the program lastSeptember, it has been eagerly awaitedby children, parents,antidrug organiza- 12 tions, and officials at all levels of Government. This special re- ceived the ultimate endorsement from President Bush himself. While addressing the audience of over 1,700 members of the Holly- wood television community at an Academy Forum Breakfast in March he encouraged every household in America to tune to the special. We share President Bush's enthusiasm for the project. Substance abuse has led so many of our Nation's young people down the path of drugs, despair and death. We feel that this cartoon special has the potential to reach children before they are tempted down this tragic road and instead point them in a different direction, one that ultimately leads to healthy, responsible and productive adult- hood. Needless to say, one cartoon special will not end substance abuse in America. This is why we are also here today to pledge the televi- sion industry's continued active involvement in the war on drugs. Our industry is not noted for its consistency. In our entertainment world we often become fixated with fads of the moment. Bat 4 years ago we acknowledged that while we may work in the trend- obsessed world of entertainment, we live in the real world of pro- tracted problems that don't just disappear like last season's can- celed TV show. As citizens of this real world, we want you to know that we stand ready as committed allies to deploy our communication arsenals in the long hard battle ahead to rid our nation of drugs. To give you something of a case study of what can be done when the creative people of television join forces in the war on drugs, John Agog lia will now tell you how the "Cartoon All-Stars" special evolved from a dream of a few to a reality that will be seen by mil- lions. [Prepared statement follows:]

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Testimony'_of Richard Frank President, Walt Disney Studios Past President. Academy of 'IY.levision Arts andSciences Before the Senate and House Judiciary Committees April 19, 1990

Chairman Biden, ChairmanBrooks, members of theConunittees. I am Richard Frank.President of Walt DisneyStudios. For four years now,the television industryhas been actively and energetically involved in the war ondrugs.I would like to thank you for this opportunity todiscuss some of ouractivities, especially the upcoming half-houranimated anti-drugspecial. called "Cartoon All- Stars to the Rescue,"which will air this Saturdaymorning. First, let me introduce mycolleagues seated before you:John J. for NBC. Agoglia. Executive VicePresident of Business Affairs Executive Vice Presidentfor NBC Productions.and chairman of the Abuse Steering Television Academy'sCampaign Against Substance Committee: Roy Disney.Vice Chairman of theBoard of Directors of The Walt Disney Company.head of the Disney animationdepartment. the Rescue": and Ken and executive producerof "Cartoon All-Stars to Barun. vice president andexecutive director ofRonald McDonald Children's Charities, who is anacknowledged drug education expert and author of "How toKeep the Children YouLove Off Drugs." I am here today in mycapacity as Presidentof The Walt Disney Studios and past presidentof the Academy ofTelevision Arts and Sciences. It was during my tenure asPresident that the Academymade a major commitment totake a strong stand inthe war on drugs. The clear to year was 1986and the extent of the drugcrisis was becoming anyone who read a newspaperor watched theevening news. However, the prevailing Sentiment inthe television industry wasthat, since we were in theentertainment business, weshould limit ourselves to trying to entertain. But there is no such thing as pureentertainment. Everything we put on the air --from Thirtysomething toSixty Minutes to theSmurfs about lifestyle. -- carriesexplicit or implicit messagesto the viewers -- steady supply of heroes about relationships,about values. We provide a and villains who fill thepantheon of role models inAmerican culture.

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With this in mind, the Academy'sBoard of Governora decided that the television industryshould play a significant role in battling the nation's drug problem. After all, theproblem of drug abuse may be pervasive in our society. But so istelevision. Wherever there is the influence of drugs, there is the influenceof IV. There are nearly as many televisions in America asthere are people. Kids typicay watch seven hours of progranuning aday. Drug abusers and -- more importantly -- potential abusers all watchtelevision. They hear what we have to say and theywatch what we have to show them. Onthe issue of substance abuse, it seemedthat television could clearly use its unmatched communication power to not onlyentertain, but also enlighten. And so we launched the TelevisionAcademy's Campaign Against Substance Abuse, in big ways and in small ways. we weredetermined to have a positive impact in the war ondrugs. The Campaign's first project was akick-off luncheon that was keynoted by First Lady Nancy Reagan inOctober. 1986. Mrs. Reagan addressed 1200 people in the televisionindustry. including the heads of eveiy major studio in Hollywood.about her anti-drug efforts. The following day. we got down to work during anall-day Substance Abuse conference. Key television writers, producers.directors and actors met with leaders from lawenforcement, education, medicine and government in order to gain new insightinto the responsible portrayal of drug use and abuse. The Campaign Against Substance Abuse went onto work closely with major anti-drug organizations. such asthe White House Conference for a Drug-Free America. the NationalCouncil on Alcoholism. the United States Departmentof Education, the College Satellite Network and the NationalCouncil on Crime and Delinquency. One of the Campaign's activities is toannually recognize the winners of the Scott NewmanAwards which go to televisionshows that have most effectively and creativelydealt with substance abuse. The Campaign also conducts aFilm/Video competition of its own that recognizes college students who producethe best anti-substance abuse public service announcements.

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The Campaign's mostimportant single activity isits Outreach Program. Under this program.a special team including a treatment expert. an officialfrom the Los AngelesPolice Department's DARE Program and an Academyofficial -- meets with writers,directors and producers of individualprimetime programs.The Outreach team explains the extentof the drug problem inthe United States and encourages thedepiction of healthy lifestylesand the deglarnourization of the use of drugsand alcohol. Let me give you oneexample of the impact ofthe Outreach Program. On the show."Magnum Pl." Tom Selleckoften goes to the refrigerator. Normally. on aprivate eye drama likethis, the star would pull out a beer. ButSelleck doesn't. He pourshimself a glass of milk. This small but significantact subtly letsmillions of Americans know that you don't have todrink alcohol to be atough guy. This is one of thethousands of ways that theAcademy's Campaign Against SubstanceAbitse has made a difference. We're here today todiscuss one of the bjg ways. The "Cartoon All-Stars tothe Rescue" specialwill inform an estimated 20 millionchildren across Americaabout the dangers of substance abuse. But theshow won't be a preachylect ire that would using an just turn kids off.instead, it will get its message across entertaining format thatchildren favor and charactersthey love. Since the initial announcementof the program lastSeptember. it has been eagerlyawaited by children, parents.anti-drug organizations and officials atall levels of government.The special received the ultimateendorsement from PresidentBush himself. While addressing anaudience of over 1700members of the Hollywood television comnnmity at anAcademy Forum Breakfast inMarch, he encouraged every householdin America to tune in tothe special. We share PresidentBush's enthusiasm for theproject. Substance abuse has led so manyof our nation's youngpeople down the path of drugs, despairand death. We feel thatthis cartoon special this has the potential toreach children beforethey are tempted down .. onethat tragic road andinstead point them in adifferent direction . ultimately leads towardhealthy, responsible andproductive adulthood. 16

Testimony. Page 4

Needless to say. one cartoon special will not end substance abuse in America. This lwhy we are also here today to pledge the television industry's continued active involvement in the war on drugs. Our industry is not noted known for its consistency. In our entertainment world, we often become fixated with fads of the moment But four years ago. we acknowledged that. while we may work in the trend- obsessed world of entertainment. we it= In the real world of protracted problems that don't just disappear like last season's cancelled TV show. As citizens of this real world, we want you to know that we stand ready as committed allies to deploy our communication arsenals in the long hard battle ahead to rid our nation of the scourge of drugs. To give you something of a case study of what can be done when the creative people of television join forces in the war on drugs. John Agoglia will now tell you how the "Cartoon All-Stars" special evolved from a dream of a few to a reality that will be seen by millions.

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I 17 Chairman BIDEN. Thank you. Mr. Agoglia. STATEMENT OF JOHN AGOGLIA. CHAIRMAN OF THE ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS AND SCIENCES CAMPAIGN AGAINST SUB- STANCE ABUSE STEERING COMMITTEE. EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT or TV BUSINESS AFFAIRS. NBC. EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT. NBC PRODUCTIONS Mr. AGOGLIA. Thank you, Rich. Chairman Biden, Chairman Brooks, members of the committees, I am John Agoglia, executive vice president of NBC television and chairman of the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences' Anti- substance Abuse Committee. The idea for "Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue" came from within the membership of the academy's cam- paign against substance abuse steering committee. The decision to produce an antisubstance abuse special for children was arrived at because, as you all know, substance abuse is becoming the number one problem even in our elementary, middle and junior high schools. Animation was selected by the Academy as the most appropriate form for the special, since children are tremendc.usly receptive to animated characters, you can get a message to a child through ani- mation more easily than through any other type of entertainment. Children will watch an animated program any number of times, and classics are viewed generation to generation. With enthusiastic support of the Academy's Board of Governors, we originally sought agreement of the three major U.S. networks to simulcast the special, while Richard Frank met with Ken Barun to discuss McDonald's possible involvement with the project. Mr. Barun was instantly supportive of the entire project, as were the Ronald McDonald Children's Charities board members. Roy Disney agreed to be executive producer of this special, while Peabody Award winner Buzz Potamkin was selected as the producer. Once they were made awar of the project, virtually every major studio and production company involved in animation offered their char- acters for use in "Cartoon All-Stars,," agreeing to make them avail- able to the Academy at no cost. From these beginnings, the special has grown to an unprecedent- ed event of international proportions. As mentioned, for the first time in television history, ABC, CBS, and NBC, along with Fox, will be simulcasting an entertainment special. In addition to these outlets, "Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue" was offered for airing to every television and cable station and network in the Nation. The special will also be aired by hundreds of independent stations, Tele- mundo, Univision, and on cable, The Disney Channel, USA Net- work, Nickelodeon, Black Entertainment Television, Lifetime, and the Armed Forces Network. Networks in Canada, utilizing French and English versions, and in Mexico, with the Spanish version, will also be taking part in this simulcast. Other stations and networks, such as TBS Superstation and TNT, will run the special during the week following the initial broadcast on April 21. Each of these out- lets will exhibit the program without commercial interruption. In addition, the United Nations will make this special part of the U.N.'s International Drug Day on June 26. 18 special, here isits exec- To talk moreabout theproduction of the utive producer,Roy Disney. [Prepared statementfollows:1 19

LEinWeiaBUSINESS AFFAIRS. NBC;EXECUTIVE EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT, ACADEMY VICE PRESIDENT, NBCPRODUCTIONS; AND CHAIRMAN. OF TELEVISION ARTS& SCIENCES'ANTI-SUBSTANCE ABUSE COMMITTEE; BEFORE THE SENATEAND HOUSE JUDICIARYCOMM IMES APRIL 19, 1990

Chairman Biden, ChairmanBrooks. members of theCommittees. I for NBC, am John J. Agogha, Executive VicePresident of Business Affairs Executive Vice President ofNBC Productions andChairman of the Academy Committee. The idea of Television Arts &Sciences Anti-substance Abuse of for "Cartoon All-Stars tothe Rescue" came fromwithin the membership Steering Committee. the Academy's CampaignAgainst Substance Abuse The decision to produce ananti-substance abuse specialfor children was arrived at because, as youall know, substance abuseis becoming the number one problem evenin our elementary,middle and junior high schools. Animation was selected by theAcademy as the mostappropriate receptive to forum for the special sincechildren are tremendously animated characters and you canget a message to achild through animation more easily thanthrough any other typeof entertainment. Children will watch ananimation program any numberof times and classics are viewedgeneration-to-generation. With enthusiastic support ofthe Academy's Boardof Governors, we networks to simulcast originally sought agreementof the three major U.S.

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page 2 JOHN AGOGLIA TBTIMONY,JUDICIARY COMMIT=

Ken Barun to discussMcDonald's the special, whileRichard Frank met with possible involvementwith the project. entire project. as werethe 13arun was instantlysupportive of the the members and the restof his Ronald McDonaldChildren's Charities board organization. while Roy Disney agreed tobe the executiveproducer of the special Once Peabody Award winnerBuzz Potamkin wasselected as producer. every major studioand they were made awareof the project, virtually offered their charactersfor use production companyinvolved in animation available to the Academyat in "Cartoon All-Stars.'agreeing to make them no cost. into an unprecedented From these beginnings,the special has grown time in television history event of internationalproportions. For the first simulcasting an entertainment ABC. CBS, and NBC,along with FOX, will be "Cartoon All-Stars to theRescue" was special.In addition to these outlets. station and networkin the offered for airing to everytelevision and cable aired by hundred of nation. The specialwill also be simultaneously The Disney Channel, independent stations,Telemundo. Univision. cable's Television, Lifetime, and USA Network, Nickelodeon,Black Entertainment Canada utilizing Frenchand the Armed ForcesNetwork. Networks in versions will also betaking English versions andin Mexico with Spanish such as TBS part in the simulcast.Other stations and networks, the Superstation and TNT, will runthe special duringthe week following will exhbit the program initial broadcast on April21. Each of these outlets Nations will make without commercial interuptions.In addition the United To talk the special part of theU.N.'s Inernational DrugDay on June 26th. of.the special,here is itsexecutive producer more aboutthe production Roy Disney. 21 Chairman Bm Es. Mr. Disney. STATEMENT OF ROY DISNEY, VICECHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS, THE WALTDISNEY CO. Mr. DISNEY. Thank you,John. Chairman Biden,Chairman Brooks, members of the committees,I am Roy Disney, vicechair- man of theboard of directors of the Walt DisneyCo. and head of the studio's animation department,and executive producer of "Car- toon All-Stars to the Rescue." As John Agoglia has pointed out,"Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue" has been overwhelminglyembraced by the entire enter- tainment industry, and countlessindividuals have been eager to participate in this worthwhile project astheir contribution to the war against drugsin this country. Competingfilm studios and pro- duction companies have joinedforces with television andcable sta- tions and networks and have beenhard at work for more than a year to guaranteethat "Cartoon All-Stars to theRescue" will be both an effective and entertaining wayof enlightening children about the dangers of substanceabuse. Among the well-known cartoonall-stars in the special's roster are Alf, fromAlien Productions, Bugs Bunnyand Daffy Duck, from Warner Brothers, the Chipmunks,from Bagdasarianl'roductions, Garfield, from Film Roman, Michelangeloof the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Baby Kermit, BabyPiggy and Gonzo fromMarvel Productions and Disney, Slimer, fromColumbia Pictures Televi- sion, the Smurfs, from HannaBarbera, Winnie the Pooh,Tigger, and Huie, Dewey, and Louie, fromthe Walt Disney Co. Thespecial marks the first time that majorstudios and productioncompanies have allowed their copyrightedanimated characters to bedrawn together in a single televised program. Undertaking the formidable task ofwriting a script which not only had to deal effectively with thesubstance abuse problembut also entertain a target audienceof 5- to 11-year olds wasthe team of Tom Swale and Duane Poole.Modeling their script onCharles Dickens' "A Christmas Carol," Swaleand Poole utilized theirall- star characters as teachersand tour guides as Michael,the 14-year- old drug user at the center of the storyis given a tour ofhis past, present, and future life to showwhat negative impactdrugs have had and will continue to have onhis life if he continues tobe a user. Cmpletion of the script for "CartoonAll-Stars to the Rescue" re- quired more than 6 months, asthose involved with theproject were anxious to incorporate the suggestionsof psychologists,educators, and drug abuse experts across the countryin order to ensurescript accuracy as well asmaximize the effectivenessof the program's message. Animationof "Cartoon All-Stars" tookplace over a con- centrated 8-week period. The project scored a rflEtjor casting coupwhen Oscar and Emmy- winning actor George C. Scott wassigned to create the voiceof one of the special's new characters,"Smoke," an evil, drug-pushing ap- parition. Scott immediatelyaccepted the assignmentand insisted that he only be paid Screen ActorsGuild minimums to do thejob. Also lending their voices to "CartoonAll-Stars" are the actors who 22 characters on Saturdaymorn- regularly portraytheir well-known ing television. and Alan Menken,recent Oscarwinners for Howard Ashman Little Mermaid"eagerly ac- their score and songsfor the film "The that would cepted our invitationto compose a songfor the special antisubstance abusetheme. The resultis "Wonderful reinforce its with a variety of prac- Ways to Say No,"which provides youngsters tical ways of saying noto drugs. abuse mes- To extend theimpact of thespecial's antisubstance beyond its initialbroadcast for years to come,350,000 video- sage funded through theAcademy Foundation cassettes of the program, will be by a grant from aRonald McDonaldChildren's Charities, distributed free toschools, libraries,substance abuseorganizations, by Buena VistaHome Video. and video storesfor free checksout McDonald's has involved And now to tell youabout how and why their organizationin this project isKen Barun. [Prepared statementfollows:1 23

11131.111QMS.E_ROIMSNU VICE CHAIRMAN OF MEBOARD OF DIRECTORS.WALT DISNEY COMPANY. HEADOF THE STUDIOSANIMATION DEPARTMENT; EXECUTIVEPRODUCER, 'CARTOONALL-STARS TO THE RESCUE' BEFORE THE SENATE ANDHOUSE JUDICIARYCOMMITEET s APRIL 19. 1990

Chairman Biden, ChairmanBrooks, members of theCommittee. I am Roy Disney, ViceChairman of the Boardof Directors of Walt Disney Company, head of thestudio's AnimationDepartment and Er.s.:utive Producer of "CartoonAll-Stars to the Rescue." AsJohn Agoglia has pointed out,"Cartoon All-Stars to theRescue" has been overwhelmingly embraced bythe entire entertainmentindustry, and countless individuals havebeen eager to participatein this worthwhile project as theircontribution to the war againstdrugs in this country. Competingfilm studios and productioncompanies have joined forces with televisionand cable stations andnetworks, and have been hard at workfor more than a year to guaranteethat "Cartoon All-Stars to theRescue" will be both aneffective and entertaining way of enlighteningchildren about the dangersof substance abuse. Among the well-known"Cartoon All-Stars" in thespecial's roster are Alf (fromAlien Productions), BugsBunny and Daffy Duck (from Warner Brothers), TheChipmunks (from Bagdasarian 24

page2 ROY DISNEY TESTIMONY,JUDICIARYCOMMITTEES

Michelangelo of the Productions), Garfield (fromFilm Roman), Wolf Swenson), Baby Teenage Mutant NinjaTurtles (from Murakami Disney), Kermit, BabyPiggy, and Gonzo (fromMarvel Productions and Hanna Slimer (from ColumbiaPictures Television),The Smurfs (from and Louie (from Barbera), Winnie the Pooh,Tigger, and Huey, Dewey, first time that major WaftDisney Company). Thespecial marks the their copyrighted studios and productioncompanies have allowed televised animated characters tobe drawntogether in a single program. Undertaking the formidabletask writing a scriptwhich not abuse problem but only had to deal effectivelywith the substance of also entertain a targetaudience of 5- to11-year-olds is the team script on Charles Tom Swale and DuanePoole. ModelliLl their utilize their all-star Dickens "A ChristmasCaroL" Swale and Poole characters as teachersand tour guides asMichael. the 14-year-old enlightening tour of drug user at the centerof the story, is given an negative impact his past, present, andfuture life to show what a drugs have had and willcontinue to have onhis life The continues the to be a user.Completion of the scriptfor "Cartoon All-Stars to involved with the Rescue" required more thansix months, as those project were anxious toincorporate the suggestionsof psychologists, in order to educators and drug-abuseexperts across the country, of the ensure script accuracy aswell as maximizethe effectiveness All-Stars" took place over program's message.Animation of "Cartoon a concentratedeight week period. (more) 25

ROY DISNEY TESTIMONY. JUDICIARY COMMITTEES page 3

The oroject scored a major casting coup when Oscar and Emmy- winning actor George C. Scott was signed to create the voice of one of the special's new characters, *Smoke,- an evil, drug-pushing apparition. Scott immediately accepted the assignment and insisted that he only be paid Screen Actors Guild minimum scale wages. Also lending their voices to "Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue- are the actors who regularly portray their well-known characters on Saturday morning television. Howard Ashman and Alan Menken. recent Oscar winners for their score and songs for the film *The Little Mermaid,- eagerly accepted our invitation to compose a song for the special that would reinforce its anti-substance abuse theme. The ,.esult is **Wonderful Ways to Say No,- which provides youngsters with a variety of practical ways of saying no to drugs. To extend the impact of the special's anti-substance abuse message beyond its initial broadcast for years to come. 350,000 videocassettes or the program, funded through the Academy Foundation by a grant from Ronald McDonald Children*s Charities, will be distributed free to schools, libraries, substance abuse organizations, and to video stores for free check-out by Buena Vista Home Video. And now, to tell you about how and why McDonald*s has involved their organization in this project is Ken Barun. 26 STATEMENT (IF KENNETH BARUN, VICE PRESIDENT AND EXECU. TIVE DIRECTOR, RONALD McDONALD CHILDREN'S CHARITIES. McDONALD'S CORP. Mr. BARUN. Thank you, Roy. Chairman Biden, Chairman Brooks, members of the Committees, I am Ken Barun, Vice President and Executive Director of Ronald McDonald Children's Charities and author of "When Saying No Isn't Enough: How to Keep the Chil- dren You Love Off Drugs." I am honored to have this opportunity to present the role of Ronald McDonald Children's Charities and the McDonald's family of restaurants in "Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue." When Richard Frank met with us for the first time to discuss this project, we realized immediately why he was coming to the McDonald's family. It said McDonald's, we are a family place, and we have a history of caring about kids. It was a perfect fit for us. Throughout its history McDonald's has taken pride in giving something back to the community where it does business. To expand on this commitment, Ronald McDonald Children's Charities was established in 1984 in memory of McDonald's founder Ray Kroc. RMCC, or Ronald McDonald Children's Charities' objective is to help young people achieve their fullest potential. The not-for-profit organization does this by supporting children's programs in the areas of health care and medical research, education and the arts, and civic and social programs. To date, RMCC has contributed over $24 million to more than 650 organizations helping children, in- cluding Ronald McDonald House. Our board of trustees, comprised of health professionals, civic leaders, and McDonald's representatives, immediately embraced the idea of "Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue" and awarded the largest grant in Ronald McDonald Children's Charities history, $600,000, to fund the production and distribution of free videocas- settes. In addition to RMCCs grant, McDonald's licensees and the McDonald's Corp. have contributed more than $1 million to extend the impact of "Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue." Part of this, as Roy mentioned, is to help to expand the reach and impact of the program for years to come. We will be providing more than 350,000 videocassettes to video stores for free rental, to every elementary school in the country, and to libraries and community organiza- tions. In the past decade an important part of McDonald's and RAICC's involvement in the community has been directed to educating America's youngsters about the dangers of alcohol and other drugs. We have reached teens and college students nationwide in the past. This is the first time we have had the opportunity to reach out to children ages 5 to 11 with an antisubstance abuse message in such a comprehensive manner through the support and corporation of the entire television industry. In addition to funding the production of the special, we are also promoting viewership of the program through our restaurants, in an effort to reach the over 17 million customers a day that pass through McDonald's. We have developed free family viewing guides 30 27 which our restaurants are distributing to help parents discuss "Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue" with their children. We have also distributed educator's guides to all the 72,000 public elementa- ry schools in the countiy so that teachers can talk to kids about the program too. We believe these guides and the videocassettes will become part of the elementary school drug education curricu- lum for years to come. As many of you may know, my background in the area of sub- stance abuse has spanned over 20 years, first as an adolescent sub- stance abuser, then as is a counselor and as a professional, then to the White House where I was director of projects and policy for Mrs. Reagan, and as author of "When Saying No Isn't Enough." Over the years I have come to realize that no one program is the answer to our country's drug crisis. I am personallyas well as the board of Ronald McDonald Children's Charities and the entire McDonald's Corp.very excited about this project and believe it will have an impact on our children for many years to come. We hope that it serves as an example of what others can do to help educate awl (Neuss with our children the dangers of alcohol and other drugs. ik you. Chairman BIDEN. Thank you very much. Now, as I understand it, you gentlemen are prepared to show the cartoon, before you do that, Mr. Conyers, who is also chairman of the Government Oper- ations Qnnmittee, has an important meeting he must attend, and with the leave of my colleagues, he would like to ask one question before the cartoon goes on, if no one objects. And our colleagues on the left here said just one, John. OPENING STATEMENT OF REPRESENTATIVE CONYERS Mr. CONYERS. Just one. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. First of all, I want to add my congratulations to everybody else's. But let's be clear on one thing, this is a beginning. This is a humble start, and I hope that this doesn't devolve into a mere self- promotion activity in which we finally hear from Hollywood, and this is the last shot. I want to get a commitment from you that we can continue into some other areas. Someone else here has already observed that showing this once or twice isn't going to hardly change anybody's mind that is going to use drugs. I see your field as a tremendously important medium, and the most important thing that I can derive from us coming here today is that you too agree with us that education is an important, vital, necessary tool in dealing with the drug problem. And this being a first start means that we will have to and ought to meet some more and develop a whole strategy for bringing these messages, not just to kids, but to everybody in America. And with that kind of understanding I can leave here feeling a lot better about what brings us all here, Chairman Biden. Chairman BIDZN. Thank you very much, Congressman, and it is a start, and with that, why don't we start and take a look. Mr. DISNEY. If I may, I would like to make what is known in Hol- lywood as the usual disclaimer about what we are about to see, which is to say that it is a work in progress. The music is actually being fitted to it today, as are the sound effects, so that what you 31 28 are going to see is minusthose embellishments. There will be the dialogue and the picture, which is fmished. Chairman BIDEN. May I ask, if you know, when isthis going to air? It is airing simultaneously on the nets, aswell as I believe Fox or several other of theindependents, but do you know the time? Mr. FRANK. It will air at 10:30 on Saturdaymorning eastern and western, and 9:30 midwest, and Ibelieve 8:30 mountain time, this Saturday. Chairman BIDEN. Thank you. Now,Mr. Disney, you can tell them what you want. Mr. DISNEY. I think with that as adisclaimer and you under- stand that we are--- Chairman BMEN. OK. You have got thedisclaimer. Now, there are monitors oneither side of the podium and one uphere for the members, and whomever is in chargeof this, would you please start the cartoon. Mr. DISNEY. And this is not the entireshow, by the way. Chairman BIDEN. This is not the entire show, thisis just excepts. Senator METZENBAUM. How long will thisbe? Mr. Dismay. About 15 minutes. [Video presentation.] Chairman BIDEN. Congratulations. I know whatI am doing Sat- urdayr morning. I want to hear the music. Seriously, congratulations. We will limitourselves to 5 minutes each, if my colleagues would agree. As two of my colleagues have alreadyindicated in a slightly dif- ferent perspective, I will begin by thanking you verymuch for un- dertaking this. No one made you do it. You are notrequired to do it. And ultimately whether or not this worksand is successful will depend in large part upon whether or not itis feasible to continue to do it. And with the creativegenius that you have already dis- played, Mr. Disney, and your collaboratorsand colleagues,sus- pect you may be able to dothat. But my question is this, has there beendircussionnot hard planningbut has there been discussionandthis is for either you or Mr. Frankdiscussionabout sequels to this process? It is anin- credible undertaking. You saw thereaction of the audience when they saw different cartoon characters with oneanother. To the best of my knowledge, as a father offour children, I have seen a lotof cartoons, you heard the reactionwhen different cartoon characters who were not expected to be in the scenewalked in, there was a reaction right here in the room. Is the fact that this unusual,hopefully powerful in the minds of the children, presentation with allthe cartoon characters, is this a one-shot deal, or is it possible forthis process to continue? Is George C. Scott, if this works, is heprepared to do more? He is the voice of whatever that drug vapor is. Can you tell us a little bitabout not any hard planning but gen- eral discussion about where it goesfrom here, if it works, if it is received well? Mr. FRANK. Well, to be honestwith you, we have been so onedi- rectional in trying to get this particularspecial out that we haven't really, set down to plan additional ones atthis point. It has been talked about, you know, as we gettogether and have discussions of 29 for should there becontinuations and shouldthere be specials in the country. other social problems make the first one veryspecial, and to Our concern here was to and to then try to see whateffect it had, to seethe reaction we got, judge from the first one to seewhat the next stepwould be. It is difficult to plan a long termplan when youhaven't gotten the first one done. plan. Chairman BinEN. Iwasn't really expecting youto have a presentation for theNational Press Club onthis When I made a question issue, quite fra ,kly,this exceeded whatI had in mind. My is this, not onlyDisney, but other majorstudios like Paramount, that do not have thelong term backiroundin terms of animation and cartoons thatwell, no onedoes ike DisneyIspoke with the CEO there, and others, mynotion was that youall would begin to contemplate working into yourpresentations not as acollabora- the notion of bringingin char- tion, necessarily,but independently, C. acters like the onethat has been presented,the voice of George Scott. in- Is it possible that youwill move beyondthis collaboration to antidrug programmingof this nature?And dependently consider considered inde-- my questionto you, Mr.Barun, is has McDonald's pendently putting onantidrug advertisingin those timeswhen children watch the morningshows? Two differentquestions. As far as McDonald's goes,we have Mr. BARUN. I will answer. have seen the one been doing antidrugcommercials, and you may basketball player out inthe Chicago area,Michael that our famous encouraging kids not to Jordan, has done onbehalf of McDonald's, do that. Our waste their livesusing drugs. And wewill continue to firm. commitment is strong and thing that we have wefound out is I think in this project one four of us I knowhave that we have a lotof friends. And the and become very goodfriends, as have allof our organizations, together. We wouldcertainly be willing todis- worked very hard and I know that ifthese three gen- cuss anyfuture programming, have such a great tlemen were to comeback to McDonald's, we them feeling about it that itwould be very difficultfor us to turn down. Chairman BIDEN. Withregard to independentefforts? thinkand again, thisis a long issuethisis Mr. FRANK. Well, I particular show. Ithink the indus- a showthat is very visual as a has made try as a whole, asI tried to indicate atthe beginning, first step, which was todeglamorize the useof gigantic steps in the shows. This is the drugs and alcohol withinthe main body of our positive step forward. second step to now take a John probably can I think you will find,if you look aroundand I can, I can justtalk from independentsta- talk to this better than lot of anti-substance tions that I haveseenthey are running a this is abuse commercials, spots,public serviceannouncements, but the first major showin this area. AndJohn, I don't know, you doing. know what the networks are speak for NBC inthis par- Mr. AGOGLIA. Well,I guess I can best I do have somefacts from the othertwo net- ticular case, although U.S. Departmentof Health works. NBC, inpartnership with the to and Human Services,has instituted anannual service campaign 33 30 combat drugs and alcohol, and we are continuing this for the next 10 years in something called "The More You Know" campaign for community action in education to fight drug abuse. And with our affiliated stations, this particular campaign is spreading out to a grassroots base. And the affiliated stations have joined with us- 200 affiliated stationsin this particular fight against drugs. So, we, the broadcasting community, are committed. We will con- tinue to be committed, and we don't anticipate any diminution in our efforts. Chairman BIDEN. Well, it would be nice, in my view, if you insti- tutionalized that character as you walk down the way, but that is out of my field. Chairman Brooks. Chairman BROOKS. I am glad to be her^ Chairman BIDEN. Senator Thurmond. Senator THURMOND. Thank you very much. Mr. Chairman, I want to commend you and Chairman Brooks for holding this joint hearing. I think it is very important. I don't know of any question before the public today that is more important. The lives of not only young people, but old people too, can he destroyed by the use of these drugs. And Mr. Barun, I want to congratulate you for mentioning alco- hol. That is the No. 1 drug in America. People don't realize it. It causes rt ore deaths than other drugs do, as bad as other drugs are. Alcohol is the No. 1 drug that is harming humanity more than any other, and we might as well face it if you want to solve this entire problem. I want to congratulate you on what you are doing to assist in this problem, and I will just let my questions be answered for the record to save time. And Senator Grassley, Mr. Chairman, would like for his state- ment to be placed in the record, and he has some questions to be answered in writing too. Chairman BIDEN. Without objection, they will be placed in the record. [The prep red statement of Senator Grassley follows:] Ine

31

STATEMENT OF SENATOR CHARLES E. GRASSLEY OM THE NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY, THE ROLE OF THE MEDIA 6 THE ENTEETL1NNENT INDUSTRY SENATE 6 HOUSE JUDICIARY COMMITTEES APRIL 19, 1990

I'M SURE THAT THE MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION INDUSTRIES AND FAST-FOOD RESTAURANTS REPRESENTED HERE TODAY WOULD PREFER THAT A PUBLIC - FREE FROM SUBSTANCE ABUSE - CONTINUE TO SPEND ITS ENTERTAINMENT AND DINING DOLLARS ON THEIR MOTION PICTURES, 1ELEVISION PRODUCTIONS, AND FAST-FOOD CHAINS.

I'M JUST AS SURE THAT - SINCE NO ONE ARGUES WITH THE EXTENT OF THEIR INFLUENCE - THE DOMESTIC MOTION PICTURE, TELEVISION, AND FAST-FOOD INDUSTRIES MUST BE FULL PARTICIPANTS IN THE EFFORT TO END THE SUBSTANCE ABUSE EPIDEMIC THAT IS AN UNFORTUNATE REALITY IN THIS COUNTRY. AS A MATTER OF FACT, THE PRESIDENT'S NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY ENVISIONS THAT THESE SEGMENTS OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR WILL PLAY A MAJOR ROLE IN THIS EFFORT.

I HOPE THAT THE PECESENTATION MADE BEFORE THIS COMMITTEE TODAY - TOGETHER WITH RECENT EFFORTS - ARE EVIDENCE THAT THESE INDUSTRIES ARE WILLING AND ABLE TO SUSTAIN THE MOMENTUM TO BECOME FULL PARTNERS IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR'S ROLE IN THE WAR AGAINST DRUG ABUSE.

I COMMEND THE ARTISTIC COMMUNITY'S PLEDGE THAT IT IS READY TO LEND ITS TALENTS IN THE COUNTRY'S WAR AGAINST DRUGS.

I ESPECIALLY APPRECIATE THE ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS AND SCIENCES' "CAMPAIGN AGAINST SUBSTANCE ABUSE" FOR URGING WRITERS AND PRODUCERS TO DE-GLAMORIZE THE USE OF ILLEGAL SUBSTANCES AND ESPECIALLY THE USE OF ALCOHOL - IN MY OPINION, THE MOST HARMFUL 'GATEWAY° DRUG.

THE PRODUCTION THAT WILL BE AIRED ON APRIL 21st, "Cartoon A11-Stars to the Rescue", IS EVIDENCE THAT THE MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION COMMUNITY - ALONG WITH APPROPRIATE AND RESPONSIBLE CORPORATE SPONSORSHIP - ARE ABLE TO COOPERATE AMONG THEMSELVES AND CONTRIBUTE TO THE GREATER GOAL OF ENDING SUBSTANCE ABUSE IN THIS COUNTRY.

AS MY COLLEAGUES ON THE SENATE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE KNOW, I RAVE SAID FROM THE BEGINNING THAT DISCUSSIONS ABOUT OUR NATION'S ADDICTION TO DRUGS NEED TO BE CENTERED AROUND Itriams AND THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BIGHT AND WRONG. 32

GIVEN THE DECAY OF COMMUNITY INSTITUTXONS AND INDIVIDUAL VALUES OVER THE PAST QUARTER CENTURY, THE WAR ON DRUGS MUST BE FOUGHT - AND ULTIMATELY WON - ON THE BATTLEGROUND OF VALUES.

ULTIMATELY, THE BEST ANTI-DRUG PROGRAMS WILL BE MADE EVEN BETTER WITH IMPROVED SCHOOLS, ACTIVE CHURCHES, VIGILANT NEIGHBORS, Inamum NEIGHBORHOODS, AND STRONG FAMILIES.

ALL OF THIS IS ACKNOWLEDGED IN THE PRESIDENT'S NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY.

GOVERNMENT CANNOT REPLACE THE FAMILY. BUT IT CAN PROVIDE BASIC PROTECTION AND RESOURCES NECESSARY TO SUSTAIN FAMILIES - ESPECIALLY THE NEEDIEST AMONG US - AS A BULWARK AGAINST DRUGS.

AND GOVERNMENT call PROVIDE INDIVIDUALS AND SOCIETY-AS-A-WHOLE MORAL LEADERSRIP BY MAINTUNING A STANDARD OF RIGHT AND WRONG CONDUCT - MANIFESTED BY LAWS AND POLICIES THAT MAKE IT CLEAR AND UNAMBIGUOUS THAT DRUG USE IS WRONG AND IT MUST STOP.

WE CAN PASS ALL THE LAWS TO FIGHT ILLEGAL DRUGS WE WANT.

WE CAN IMPLEMENT ALL THE POLICIES AGAINST DRUG USE WE WANT . HOWEVER - IF THESE POLICIES AND LAWS ARE NOT GROUNDED IN THE PEOPLE'S COMMITMENT TO FIGHT DRUGS AND THEIR USE, THE LAWS AND mums WILL BR IMPOTENT. I WANT TO COMMEND YOU FOR YOUR RECOGNITION 7SAT THE INDUSTRIES YOU REPRESENT CARRY EXPLICIT OR IMPLICIT MESSAGES TO THE PUBLIC - ABOUT LIFESTYLE - ABOUT TZGATIONSHIPS - AND ABOUT VALUES.

AS A PARENT AND GRANDPARENT MYSELF - I AM ALSO VERY HEARTENED TO SEE THAT YOU ARE ENCOURAGING PARENTS TO WATCH THIS PROGRAM WITH THEIR CHILDREN, AND THAT A *FAMILY VIEWING GUIDE* IS BEING DISTRIBUTED PRIOR TO THF PROGRAM'S TELECAST.

ALONG WITH YOU, I HOPE THIS WILL RESULT IN MANY FAMILY DISCUSSIONS THAT DRUG USE SHOULD BE STOPPED BEFORE IT STARTS BECAUSE THERE ARE NO BENEFICIAL CONSEQUENCES THAT RESULT PROM DRUG ABUSE.

I TRUST THAT THIS AN/MATED SPECIAL IS THE FIRST OF A NEW BREED OP PROGRAMMING TO BE OFFERED TO TEE VIEWING PUBLIC. I LOOK FORWARD TO PREVIEWING THIS FIRST-OF-ITS-KIND PRODUCTION AND TO THE TESTIMONY OF OUR FOUR WITNESSES.

,r4.. 33

QUESTIONS SUBMITTED BY SEN. GRASSLEY In RICHARD FRANK-JOHN ARGOGLIA-ROY DISNEY-KENNETH BARUN APRIL 19, 1990

*** WHAT ROLE DID ANY AGENCY OR BRANCH OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT - INCLUDING THE PRESENT ADMINISTRATION - PLAY IN HELPING TO PUT THIS PROJECT TOGETHER ?

*** WHAT - BESIDES FEDERAL DOLLARS - CAN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT CONTRIBUTE TO SIMILAR EFFORTS ON THE PART OF THE ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY ?

*** ASIDE FROM POSSIBLE FEDERAL ANTI-TRUST LAW EXENPTIONS, DO SIMIL1R INDUSTRY INITIATIVES REQUIRE OTHER FORMS OF FEDERAL INTERVENTION ?

** ROW - IF AT ALL - WOULD YOU SAY THAT THIS PRODUCTION EFFORT IS SIMILAR TO THE ANTI-SMOKING ANNOUNCEMENTS THAT RAN COUNTER TO CIGARETTE COMMERCIALS IN THE 1960's, PRIOR TO THE REMOVAL OF THESE COMMERCIALS FROM TELEVISION ?

*** HAS ANY ORGANIZATION - PUBLIC OR PRIVATE - CRITICIZED THE INDUSTRIES INVOLVED IN THIS PRODUCTION, WHICH IS CENTERED AROUND VALUES, AS PRACTICING SELF-CENSORSHIP TO THE EXTENT THAT IT MAY HAVE A "CHILLING EFFECT- WITH FREE SPEECH IMPLICATIONS - UPON FUTURE NOTION PICTURES OR TELEVISION PROGRAMMING?

*** HOW WOULD YOU - OR HOW HAVE YOU - RESPONDED TO ANY SUCH CRITICISM ? 34

Senator THURMOND.Thank you. Chairman BIDEN. SenatorSimon. OPENING STATEMENTOF SENATOR SIMON Senator SIMON. Thank you.First of all, I want tocommend you for what you aredoing. There is just noquestion the industry can When I look at oldmovies now and you see have a huge impact. drinking excessively, you re- the heroes andheroines smoking and cul- alize there has been aquiet change that hastaken place in our ture, and you canjust have a tremendousimpact. When we talk aboutthis drug thing, if I may use apersonal il- lustration here, a week agotoday my son served aspallbearer for his best friend. He wastraining to be aDomino's Pizza manager. He was deliveringpizza and two youngkids who apparently killed him. You know, itis not just a sta- wanted money for drugs takes tistic all of a suddenfor the Simon family.And this tragedy day, and so needlessly.And what you are place every hour, every each of doing is just atremendous service, and Ijust. want to say to you, we are very,very proudof the contributionthat you are particularly say I am proudthat the State of making. And let me Mr. Barun. Illinois is playing a verykey role in this whole process, that Let me ,just mention oneother thing, sinceI have this mike, and the industry andviolence in our society. affects this committee unanimously passed abill This committee andthe Senate has industry giving an exemption tothe antitrust laws sothe television of violence ontelevision. And canestablish standards in terms the thanks to the leadershipof Jack Brooks overin the House, We now have a bitof a conflictbetween House has done the same. it and I hope we can the House and theSenate on the version of nation that get this thingresolved. I think it isimportant to this we get itresolved. of Pediatrics We just saw two days agothe American Academy the issuing another studysayingone more study ontop of all otherssaying violence ontelevision is one of thefactorsnot the factorbut one of the factorsof violence in oursociety. I hope we can getthis worked out. But again, I have noquestion, I am just very, verygrateful to public, and not justthe American you, andI think the American of public, people all overthe world should be verygrateful to each you and everyoneelse who has had a partin this. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Chairman BIDEN. CongressmanGekas. Mr. Chairman. Inthe testimonythat you Mr. GEKAS. Thank you, libraries around gave aboutthe distribution of650,000 videos, to the country, what wasthe number? Mr. FRANK. It was360,000. wondering whether anyof those are goingto be Mr. GEKAS. I was enforcement policepeople made available tojuvenile officers, lawcommunity relation type who work daily withyoungsters in bet projects and in theschools? I am wonderingif we are missing a hereif we do notextend the availabilityof the programwith the cartoon characters tothe juvenileofficersbecause afteralleven though your leg of this war ondrugs is centered oneducationwe 35 still have law enforcement as another functionand we can blend the two together. It seems to me, if we canmake sure that this trickles downto use a worn phraseto thejuvenile officer or the community relations people within the lawenforcement communi- ty who deal with the youngsters on aregular basis. Mr. I3ARUN. We certainly are makingcopies of this available. There will be additional copies available. Becauseof certain budget restraints, we selected how many we could send outand where we would target them. On all of our family viewingguides, which are distributed through McDonald's restaurants, thereis a address to write for more information. We will be sendingthose video cas- settes out, and educator's guides, toanybody that requests those for minimal cost. Mr. GEKAS. I understand, but I wouldlike to see it come from the top. I would formally requestthat as you proceed with the dissemi- nation process of all the materials, that you make anextra effort if you canand we willhelp if we are asked to do soto target some of the juvenile officers, community relations,law enforcement seg- ments, as an aid, shall we say, to the processof getting it out to where it counts, to the kids. Mr. BARUN. Rich, would you like me to answer, orwould you like to answer? Mr. FRANK. Well, let me just make a point.There is a packet that you have that we have given to each of you.On page 5 of that packet will show the breakdown of where the360,000 cassettes are going. Unfortunately, as Ken just said, there is abudget limitation on how many you can put out. And what this packet also showsyou cannotread it all now but that almost all of the elements of puttingthis cassette together have been donated by various people, whether itis reproduction houses or just film houses and on and on, so that wehave reduced the cost of the cassettes to $2.20 per cassette.We, quite honestly, have really reached the end of the funds. We justdon't have any more, and if anything, we areslightly over what our budget was to start with. We are happy to continue to produce the cassettes, wejust don't at this point have the funding to trulyreach out into other areas. And we acknowledge the fact and we are notcomfortable that we have enough cassettes out there. I mean, tohave one cassette in each library, to have one cassette in eachelementary school, may just not be enough. But we just cannot get moreof them out there. We would like to have more of them out there,and we have just reached the end of where we can fund at thispoint. We are going to continue to look, but as of now ourbudget has been used up. Mr. GEKAs. Then, at least, I would suggest youkeep this in mindthat there is a core of assistance that allof us have in this war on drugs. Especially in tunewith the youngsters are thoselaw enforcement segments that are directly designated tohelp young- sters, and so I would like to see the effortenlarged to include them. I thank the Cliairman. Chairman BIDEN. Thank you very much, Congressman. Senator Leahy.

t 36

OPENING STATEMENT OFSENATOR LEAHY Mr. Chairman. Iapologize for being Senator LEARY. Thank you, committee and just got late. UnfortunatelyI was chairing another through with it, and I amgoing to have to goback to it. I have here and I was impressedby it. Watching the read the testimony talking about news earlythis morning, one ofthe networks was this Saturday's program,and both my wife andI were commenting pleased we were to seesuch a positiveantidrug message. on how of Congress, or at leastshould not, seek We cannot, as Members must to tell you how youmust write yourstories or what you wouldn't even suggestdoing that. One ofthe produce or put on. I the greatest things inthis country is our rightof free speech and fact that we can saywhat we want. But atthe same time, I com- responsibility of those inthe entertainment mend the sense of addic- world who seek topoint out the problemsof drugs and drug that falls from it. tion and everything private eye on a TV Some of the testimonyused, as an example a of an alcoholicbeverage show reaching for aglass of milk instead reminded of a as a subtle wayto portrayhealthy lifestyles. I am where people haveemphasized that, too, number of other programs alco- on "HillStreet Blues" the leadingcharacter was a recovering emphasized that. "Cheers"is another program holic, the show does where the centralcharacter, even though heis running a bar, not drink himselfa veryinteresting and goodpoint to bring out. what you say, but itcertainly brings a So, we cannot dictate things that are of great deal ofsatisfaction to me when you sayprosecutor and I such a positive nature.I spent 81/2 years as a think some of the greatesttragedies I used to see werethe juvenile cases that camebefore us, juvenilesinvolved as alcoholics, asdrug addicts, involved in violentcrimes. So, many times wefound out doing was acting outimages that theyhad that what they were from what they saw,whether in either from peer pressure or they movies or TV. And whatthey then thoughtshould be the role should play, too. They werefilling whatever thevoid might be in their lives. And these werepeople going acrossall the economic strata, from very poor to verywealthy. It is a tragedy to see 14- or15- or 13- or 12-year-oldchildren in juvenile court for beinginvolved in activity that maywell have dis- really ruined the restof their lives. Iremember torted, shaped and myself, the other mem- times when we wouldsit there, the judge, these hear- bers of the courtroom,in stunned shockafter some of terrible, terrible waste."I applaud youfor ings and think, "What a reach pointing to that veryimpressionable age groupand trying to them with this antidrug message. will have a copyof the I have been told bythe staff that they will video available for me.I will show it to myfamily, and then I give it to the juvenileofficer of my home townpolice department, because I know he has a veryactive programwhere he goes out to all the differentschools. I will go back to my I don't have questions,Mr. Chairman, and these other hearing, but Idid want to comehere just to applaud four gentlemen and allthose who workedwith Cow,- Chairman BIDEN. Thank you verymuch, Senator.

4Li 37 Senator Hatch. OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR HATCH Senator HATait. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I want to compliment all of you for this. I enjoyed it very much, and I can see where it will have a dramatic impact on our youth in this country, and it is about time. We have got to start with the young people, and we have got to push on from there. So, what you have done here is really, really good, and I would like to see more innovative ap- proaches like this throughout the entertainment and media indus- tries. Let me just ask you one or two questions. I know that there are many countries in this world who would enjoy something like this, and Disney has the capacity to translate this into other languages; is that correct? Mr. DISNEY. Yes; it is already in Spanish and French as we speak. Senator HATCH. Do we have any methodology of getting it out to some of our other countries as well? Is that part of your plan? Mr. AGOGLIA. Yes; it is. Senator HATCH. I think that is terrific, because I think that the more our young people are impacted by the messages that you are giving in this video, the more it is going to help us all over the world in this fight against drugs. So I just cannot tell you how happy I am that you have done this, and I cannot tell you how great it is. I think you are going to find this is going to have a dra- matic impact. If more people in the media would take the initia- tive, as you folks have, McDonald's and Disney, my gosh, I think we could make some real impacts on the drug problem all over the world. Mr. 3AKUN. Senator, if I may, tLe McDonald's system of come is very involved in this. We operate in 50 countries around the world, so we will be making this available to all of our partners in coun- tries in Latin America, Europe, and Australia, as well as Canada, of course, is already participating, along with Mexico. So we will be doing that, and there are an awful lot of people, partners with the networks and in the industry, that are joining with us to make that happen. Senator HATCH. Well, that is great. Mr. Frank, you had a com- ment. Mr. FRANK. I was going to say, it is foreign, and I would like to see the steps that we are taking here with the video to happen for- eign too, because video is becoming very popular overseas also. And I might maybe let you pass this around. It is a mockup of what the cassettes are going to look like, and every video store in the coun- try is going to have a big poster board like that and remind the children, not just from seeing it on one Saturday. We are hoping that this lasts over and over again, because we find that children not just in the United States but worldwide can watch cartoon characters over and over again and almost start to spit back to you exactly word for word what they are saying, and it is important to us, and was from the very instant, that this become an internation- al program

I'41 38 Senator HATCH. That isterrific. I am going tohave to start eating more hamburgers,I want to tell you,because I think that you deserve alot af support for what you aredoing here. I wou1,1 like to just put in anorder for a dozen of thesecassettes, if you will. I don't think you couldbuy cassettes for lessthanwhat is it, $2.20? Mr. FRANK. We are able,because of all the donations,to produce them for about $2.20 each. Senator HATCH. That isterrific. Well, I wouldlike for you to send me a dozen and give me abill for them, becauseI am going to get them out tochurches and other groups.I think a lot of other people ought to do that too.I think every parent canafford $2.20. You know, we blow moneylike it is going out of stylejust going to the movies, and I think weought to get people all overthis country to buy these fortheir families. Mr. FRANK. What Idon't want to do isthatis the cost of the cassette. Once we starttrying to attempt todistribute them one at that time, there is going tobe a lot of marketing costs ontop. I was saying through the channelsthat we are now doingit we can produce them for that. I mean, wehave everybody fromshipping companies shipping them forfree to us, and everybodyall along that distribution chain hastaken a part. Senator HATCH. I don't carehow much they cost,just send me a dozen, will you. Mr. FRANK. We will see that youget your copies. Senator HATCH. As a matterof fact, I think itmight be well if you sent one to everyMember of Congress, because everyone of us ought to look at that. I noticedthat Chairman Brooks wasgetting a big kick of out of this, inspite of his granddaughter.Thank you so much. I just wanted tocompliment you. It's great. Chairman BveN. Thank you,Senator. SenatorSpecter. OPENING STATEMENT OFSENATOR SPECTER Senator SPECTER. Thank you,Mr. Chairman. I join mycolleagues in complimenting you andthis very outstandingjob. It may well be that the educational aspectwill be the only realhope of winning this war on drugs. We don'tknow yet, because wehave just really begun in the past few years toaddresb any significant resourcesto this issue. In 1988 we had adrug bill where we put up$2.7 billion, and last year theadministration came in with$8.9 and the Con- added an extra billion, and nowthe President iscalling for 10.6 billion. So, it is onlyrecently that we haveaddressed our at- tention to this problem. My days in the field go back to1966 when I wasdistrict attorney drug problem inPhiladel- of Philadelphia. There was an enormous that it is now present phia at that time, and ichas proliferated so and in every village andhamlet and rural areain this country across muchof the world. And we areexpending tremendous sums of money in LatinAmerica, and there is aquestion as to whether it is going to really domuch, because if tonsof cocaine aretaken replaced, and they arein a context of an off the market, they are dealers enormous quantity.And on street crime,fighting the drug on the streets, we arebarely "nolding our own.

4 2 39 The educational aspect is really perhapsthe only answer. It is only in the course of the past few yearsthat schools have begun to educate children on this issue. And wehave a lot of money for dis- tribution of this cassette, and I am gird tohear how inexpensive it is. We have in Pennsylvania atthe present time $17 millionwhich is sitting in a fund unused, to mychagrin, because we are trying to get that money into the handsof people who need the money.So we have thewherewithal. The Congress has put up alot of money to distribute these kindsof cassettes, and I thinkCongressman Gekas puts his hand on a criticalfactor. I would like to see them distributed tojuvenile detention centers and to prisons, because it is a verycaptivating message. They have plenty of time to look at them, andthey would be interested in seeing them, and they would beinterested in seeing rertmsof them. We only saw part of it. Howmuch more to this film is there? Mr. DISNEY. You saw just about halfof it, but condensed, so that you saw the whole story.But there is a great deal moreincident. Senator SPECTER. Well, I want to seethe whole unexpurcsted text. Mr. DISNEY. It's finished onSaturday. Senator SPECTER. All right. To get thefuller picture. There were a number of usspeculating about cartoons andDonald Duck and Mickey Mouse sometime ago. I visitedthe Disney Studios and had a general chat along time ago, and have written tothe networks. Most of us have done that because of our verydeep concern, and when you come back with this kind of aproduction we are very grateful, because we know that it takes alot of time and effort and money that you have putinto it. We understand that,and there are vei ysignificant property rights which areinvolved. And as Senator Thurmond said, it could not go to a moreimportant sub- ject. But finally this country is addressingreal resources to the issue, and we have to see what will work. And onething that I would like to see undertaken, and I amgoing to talk to theSecretary of Health and Human Services, Dr. Sullivan, to seeif we can find some measuring rod, orperhaps the Secretary of Education,Secre- tary Cavazos, some measuringrod to what this does. Our experience in gauging rehabilitation oreducational efforts has been veu, very insufficient.Perhaps we can make somedeter- minations. That is really our job. Maybe comeback to you. As Sen- ator Biden, the chairman, suggestsperhaps down the linethere could be more, and we will want to seewhat the results are. ButI think it is a very, very significantcontribution, and now the ballis in our court and we will run withit. So we thank you. Mr. FRANK. Thank you. If 1 couldjust make one comment on that. If there is money around for uslay people who are nottotally familiar with the workings of thisfascinating city, it is oftendiffi- cult for us to find where it is andhow to get it allocated.And de- spite the fact that me might stumblefrom time to time intothe right office or have someone nice enough totry to write a letterfor us or direct us in theright direction, it has beendifficult to find, as you say, the $17million that may be sitting in yourState, or a por-

4 3 40 tion of the $10 billion that is sitting in the Federal budget, to help finance these projects. Senator SPECTER. Well, we will help you find that. Senator Biden took the lead in 1982 on calling for a drug czar, and we had it passed that year and it was vetoed. It was part of an overall crime bill. I am working now on a drug court in Philadelphia and I know the process. I have helped appropriate the money, I am on that committee, and I can't find my way through it, and I am a Phi la- delphia lawyer. I mean, it is really tough to find your way through the valleys and the halls. It is a lot more complicated than your depiction of the human brain to find out where we are going. We really needand I intend to discuss this with my colleagues, because I have only seen it recently again myself in trying to find funds for the Philadelphia drug courtwe really need to stream- line the process, because you cannot find it. But with enough look- ing we can help you. And there is a lot of money available in the Federal system today which is notI repeat, notbeing used, and we can distribute this excellent work of yours. Mr. FRANK. Well, we will use it properly if you can send some our way. Chairman BIDEN. Mr. James, thank you for being so gracious, Congressman, to wait to the end here. OPENING STATEMENT OF REPRESENTATIVE JAMES Mr. titans. Thank you, and thank you all for the efforts that you have made and the economic investments that you have made in our nation in our youth. I am from the Daytona Beach-t1ack- sonville area and I have just completed a tour of daycare facilities and latch key programs in 17 different locations in schools, and spent 45 minutes to 1 hour in each of the locations. And what im- presses me is I can see a great opportunity for this film to be used in conjunction with the latch key programs, where they start at 7:30 in the morning. I was there in Jacksonville in the morning and stayed the day until about 9 that night. And in the process, I stopped at eight different locations. What impresses me is that those children around 100-150 chil- dren in one areaand they are watching TV on a great big screen. They see cartoons before school and after school, and it runs the gamut of the age of the elementary school. It seems to me like a fantastic opportunity to integrate that type of film with that type of program, I know that Disney has had a great impact on children because of the way they think and their heroes. Growing up in central Florida from the first grade on, I have watched Disney World expand and grow. I cannot take a plane out of Orlando where every child on the plane doesn't have on a Donald Duck hat or a Mickey Mouse hat, and it's the same with Daytona Beach. So if you have any doubt as to how impressed those children are with those characters, there are very few par- ents who can get away without buying them a hat depicting one of those heroes. So I want to congratulate you. It is a fantastic idea. I hope that your idea will be adopted, not only by youI know that youall will follow through with it, McDonald's and Disneybut I hope

4 4 41 that the entertainment industrytakes a cue from it andsomehow we can addressthis problem with theyouth of this Nation and head toward solving our drugproblems. Thank you so much. Chairman BIDEN. Thank you.Gentlemen, it is kind of interest- ing. We have already declaredthis a success, andalthough I must tell you, as you know Mr.Frank, not that you needed my encour- agement at all, butI have been an enthusiasticsupporter of the effort. I have even gone to yourcompetition to try to getthem to get involved in similarundertakings. But this is not a success.It is a good pieceof cartoon. It is a good cartoon,and my real question is, how do you all think weshould measure whether or notthis is successful? Obviously, you cannot judgeit by rating points, since everyoneis going to, quote, "have towatch it" if they turnanything on. So what will be the measure, anyshort term measure thatwould say to you all, not only asartists but businessmen,would say, aha, good idea here, George C.Scott's character, newcharacter, we can institutionalize that characterlike the Wicked Witchfrom the West, or whatever. I have held 30 hearingsthis year, I have met Ibelieve with just about every major so-calledexpert in the drugfield, I have learned more aboutdrugs than I ever wanted toknow in my entire life over the last18 years. I am not beingfacetious. And there are cer- tain truisms that comethrough, regardless ofwhether you are speaking to a liberal or aconservative, quote, "expert,"regardless of whether you are speakingwith the scientific community,the be- havioralist community, anycommunity at all dealingwith drugs. And that is, one, the kidswho take drugs firsttime out get in the drug stream are thehigh-risk kids, that is, they arewilling to take risks. Ironically, they areprobably the best among ourchil- dren, the most adventuresome,the kids who are willing totake a risk. The second thing thatis true about kids whostart is it is not somebody in the corner saying,"Pssst, got some drugshere." It is your best friend you areriding home on a bicyclewith, or you are walking home from school, or you areriding home in a carand they say, "Ah, man, I triedthis thing yesterdayand you wouldn't believe it John, but it really was agreatI promise you, itwon't hurt you, I tell you, it isgreat." That is the second thing weknow about what inthe first in- stance makes someone trythe first time. Thethird thing we know about it is that there is a gooddeal of peer pressure.All of these things you have depicted in oneform or another inthis cartoon rendering that you have shown us,this animated cartoon. But the interesting thing wealso know is that thisthing could be the greatest smash hit inthe world. If it were onsale, it could sell more than"The Hunt for RedOctober" is selling today, or"Indi- ana Jones andthe Last Crusade," orwhatever ones you pick.And it is not going to have anyimpact of any consequenceif we do it. once. So, how are we going to measurewhether or not either from our end we should be coming tothe industry and saying,okay, what do you need for usto throw in with youto help you financethis cre- ative kind of undertaking, or onthe other hand, youall sitting out there and saying, aha, wefound ourselves a newWicked Witch

4 5 42 from the West. We foundourselves a new cartooncharacter around whom we can build a series. those two things thiswill be helpful, but Because absent one of going to have no matterhow incrediblysuccessful it is, it is not an hing morethan a momentaryimpact. back to my question,how would you asbusiness people make the judgment as towhether or not thissingle undertaking was a warranted either asking usto throw in with youto do success and more? more, ordeciding on your own it is agood thing to do think the first thingthat is going tohappen Mr. AGOGLIA. Well, I as thefilm is completed wewill and may be happening, as soon research have focus groupsof young children,using traditional data to get their reactionto this particularanimated cartoon, ani- mated show. That is notgoing to be the answer asto how deeply successful, but it is a start. The other thing we areanxiously awaiting isthe reaction from the creative (vmmunity onthe west coast. They arenot seen this. It is not completed yet.It will on Saturday.They normally, almost always are very goodjudges of what childrenwill watch, what f3e successful and what could continue.I think becausethis could designed for youngerchildren and it is an particular program is impact, all education- educational process as op - to an instant your pointis very well takenthat if al processes take time.I chance. And I we stopright here we are notgiving the process a think it is something weall should consider oncethis program airs, and as we do our everyday broadcasting orproduction business. went out with ourOutreach Program, Mr. num When we directors and stars when we sat down withthe producers, writers, of of all of the primed=shows and explained tothem just many mentioned, where kids getstarted, the images the things that you before the they see on television,whether it is a big party scene police officer arrests thebad guy and theytake away the party all of those imagesthat went on scene asopposed to the arrest, and community in Los television, when we explainthat to the creative change in primetimetelevision over the Angeles, we saw a gigantic favorite little storyis last few years. I mean, somuch so that my in the that ABC network wasdoing a 3-hourspecial on drugs United States and I got acall from a reporterwho said, I amwork- ing on a story and we arecomparing it to what wehad pointed out really looking for anincident in one a numberof years, and I am glamorized of the shows uiprimetime where &ugs oralcohol were point one out? AndI said, thank you. and I can't fmd any, can you proved that the programof She said, why? And Isaid, because it prob- just letting intelligentpeople who do care,by pointing out lems they solved a lotof the problem Now, I am sure there areinstances where, itwasn't every in- has changed. It is same wayyou changewhere stant. But television television any more.Nobody you don't seecharacters smoke on in told them that youcouldn't show that.Everybody puts who gets their car on television puts on aseat belt. Nobodyhas forced that community has takenit. And I think on anybody,but the creative Hopefully other groupswill this will act as a stimulusto others. will decide to do the pop upother places. Somewithin this group the ball next issue here, orthe next one going,and it will start

4 6 43 rolling. We all agree that this is just a first step and it is going to take a lot more continuation to have something done. Chairman BIDEN. Understand, I am not being critical beinga first step. I am thankful that you have taken the first step. Mr. Disney, when all these other folks said, this is a good idea, now go do it, it is a little bit like how our offices work. Let me ask you, most people thinkand as Senator Specter was nice enough to suggest, I am given credit for creating the drug czar, because I bugged these guys early on, and then ultimately it was refined and made better by ,_.a.__frman Brooks and his colleagues. But one of the things that people think is that is the first drug czar. We actually had another drug czar, and we had another drug czar in the 1920's, because we had another cocaine wave, we had another drug epidemic in this country that was equally as signifi- cant as the drug epidemic today. And it started around 1895, took flower, flourished around 1910, hit its peak, 1914 with the passage of the Harrison Act made the requirement that all states must list all those drugs that are sold, didn't make them illegal, and states began to make drugs illegal. Up to that time they were all legal. Even during prohibition you could walk into bars in this country, order a soft drinkyou couldn't order hard liquorand for an extra quarter you could get a pure gram of cocaine dropped in yourliterally, not figurativelyand people don't realize that. In 1917 there were 28 States that had mandatory drug education in the public school system. None today in America have that. None. Because a guy named Anslingercame along, our first drug direc- tor, and he said what a lot of people say about sex education, "If you tell them about it, they will do it." So, although things were beginning to work, and they really were, there was a major effort put on by the Federal Government, Mr. Anslinger, during the late 1920's and early 1930's to get the public school system to take out of the public school system drug education, on the theory thatand I am paraphrasingif you tell them about it, they will likely do it, so don't tell them about it. So, we ill prepared my father's generation and my generation in the 1960's for what was ultimately to fall down upon us, and I think we are paying the price for it. Now, here is my question. In that cartoon you acknowledge cer- tain things. You acknowledge that drugs make you feel good. I happen to think, by the way, the only way to deal with the chil- dren is to be honest with them about it. But my question is this, were there those when you were producing this say, well, wait a minute, Disney, hang on a second, you shouldn't be in there telling them that, man, this feels good, even though you are telling them that the low is real low, but there is a real high, it makes you feel good. Were there any of those vtrith whom you consulted saying, don't do that Disney, don't tell them that? Mr. DisNEY. There were a few, I don't think very many. I think we all acknowledged that if we were going to say anything at all we better say the truth. I think you are absolutely right on that point. Chairman BIDEN. Did you think you were takingand again, I'm being serious nowa corporate risk by being out front and saying

'4 7 44 that these drugs feel good, even though you go out and, in my view, wisely and adequately and thoroughly point out how bad they are? Are you worried about that at all? Did you sit there, Mr. Frank and Mr. Disney, in the corporate offices and say, now, wait a minute we may get 400,000 letters from such and such. whatever. Mr. Dismy. Well, I think we would be taking a good deal more corporate risk not doing it. Mr. FRANK. That conversation literally never happened, and I don't think it was, until you just mentioned it, a thought that ever went through my mind. That's one of the things we thought we should be doing it. Mr. DISNEY. I think, Rich, if any of the other people that contrib- uted their characters, I think the same thing exactly happened with all of them. Chairman Bm Ex. One other question before I yield to my col- leagues. I have several more after this, I want to warn my col- leagues, but explain to us, Mr. Disney, what seems to us like just sort of a normal depiction on a television screen of all these differ- ent characters we have seen in our childhood as well as watching our children grow that have never been together before. Is that a big deal? Is it a big deal that Daffy Duck appears with the Ninja Turtle or whatever, from a property rights standpoint? Mr. DISNEY. Certainly, in a property rights sense it is a first, so in that sense it is a big deaL In terms of the actual production of it it was not a big deal, it was simply getting the right artists to do the right characters. Chairman BIDEN. What did you all have to agree to do to allow these various cartoon characters, who, I assume, the property rights are owned by different studios as well as individuals, what did you have to do to get that to happen? Mr. FRANK. Well, we had a meeting where all of the animation studio heads were invited, as were people from the three networks. And we just explained the idea of what we wanted to accomplish and sort of said as agents, as you wouldyou know, picture this was Paul Newman and Robert Redford and Tom Cruise that these people were representing and said we would like them all in one picture. And everybody said fine. All I think most of the people and correct me if I'm wrong here Royall the people wanted to protect was that the characters were shown as they normally are, they are drawn properly, their voice inflections are used right, that are used to the right scale and the right size, that they are not taken advantage of, and that was probably, on the production side, the most difficult thing that Roy had to go through. Mr. DISNEY. We had a few arguments about the relative size of Alf and the Smurfs, for instance., but themain thing was every- body wanted their characters to be their characters and not for us to manipulate them for some other Mr. AGOGLIA. And Senator, one of the other things that made this work, I think, perhaps very well, this was done under the aus- pices of the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. They are the production unit, if you would, for this particular special. It is not done by any one production company, so that all of the production companies, Disney with their characters, Warner Brothers with

4 8 45 theirs, Hanna Barbera with theirs, thought that they were getting treated fairly. Not anyone production company was going to be held up as the conceptualizers of it, or any one going to benefit more than any of the others. So, I think going through a nonprofit organization such as the Academy's Foundation, which is funded separately from the Acade- my of Television Arts and Sciences, really paved the way for a level of cooperation from the production community and from the networks and other broadcasters and cablecasters that was unprec- edented, and I think that really made it work. Chairman BIDEN. Thank you. Chairman BROOKS. I just want to make one comment. Senator, you certainly are to be commended for your substantial effort in this field. I know you must be gratified to see all your work come to fruition, When you started off, everybody said it was another one of your cockamaney ideas. Chairman BIDEN. Yes; they keep saying that, Jack. Chairman BROOM. Well, every now and then your ideas are mighty fine, and this is one of those high points. I think these folks have put together a splendid package, a worthwhile effort. It can have a major impact on drug use. I am convinced that education is the only way. When my children get in the car they say, "Roll the window down, roll the window down, I can't breathe. They nearly die because I am smoking this cigar. And we gradually have got them to where they just say "roll the window down" more quietly. But that is education. It hasn't gotten through to their mother. She smokes cigarettes. She says if I quit smoking cigars she would consider smoking no cigarettes. Well, now that is another matter. That is out of the question. I am glad you didn't have them talking about cigarsit made me feel better. I noticed a few raised eye- brows, but after all, you've got to have some sins left. I just want to commend you, Senator. I am proud of you, and I am glad to be a small part of this effort. Chairman BIDEN. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I know you have other business on the House side and I understand if you cannot stay, but I have a couple more questions I would like to pursue. Chairman BROOKS. I am due at 12 o'clock to meet with Senator Bentsen. Chairman BIDEN. Well, I would do that since he is chairman of the Finance Committee. Chairman BROOKS. I have got to work both sides of the street. Chairman BIDEN. That's right, and I appreciate very much your cooperation in this. Chairman &toms. Thank y ou. Chairman BIDEN. Gentlemen, I realize I sound like a broken record on this, but let me pursue it, and I will not trespass on your time much longer. There are in America right now 1 millionand I think it is a very low figure, I have discussed with the National Institute of Drug Abuse their measure by which they take these surveys, and I am not the only one, there are others who believe that they vastly underestimate the number of children and young adults under the age of 18 who are addicted; that is, consume a controlled substance more than once a week, and most of whom are junkies in that cate- 46 gory, and there are over 1 million. My guess is it is closer to 1.6, 1.8 million, and the number is higher. Now, I realize I am going to say something somewhat heretical. I understand that it may be good to show these in prison and it may be good to show these in various places, but quite frankly, I don't know how much impact this is going to have on anybody who is already an addict. I, quite frankly, don't think it will have any, but maybe it will. Hopefully, I will be wrong. My concern here is, if we do everything right from a policy standpoint on drugs, and we were to narrow the number of addicts, we are going to reduce the number of casual users, and so on, my biggest concern is the drug stream that people get into in the first instance. And if you gave me a choice, you said, okay, you can eliminate all the addicts there are in the United States, a snap of the fingers, you can eliminate all the casual users, and go down the list, I would say, just give me one, give me control of the drug stream, who can get into that drug stream. And I will, as cruel as it sounds in a sense, sacrifice the existing pool to see to it that we don't move a larger and larger number of people into the drug stream. And so, as I understand it, the main target, the targets of oppor- tunity here intended by this cartoon are those who may have casu- ally used, that is, they have attempted it once or twice, whatever it happened to be, or have never used but are confronted, like our children are, every day, whether they are in a ghetto school, whether they are in an exclusive private school, regardless of where they are, they are confronted with the opportunity and the pressure to take drugs. You heard some of the statistics, you know them well. There is not a school that I go into, and I go into a lot of them, grade schools, that kids don't know the terminology, don't know the names of the various drugs, don't know the street names of the various drugs, and don't know places, when you ask them, I know none of you take it, but if you wanted to go get some, do you know somebody you could go to? As I said, the schools that are day schools where you pay $7,000 a year, or the ghetto schools or the public schools like my wife teaches in, no different in the response where you can get them. Now, first of all, do you have any expectation that if this works as well as you possibly contemplate that this is going to have much impact upon any group of young people other than those who are either contemplating or exposed to moving into the drug stream, as opposed to the child that is already addicted or a regular user of cocaine or marijuana or any other &Irg? Mr. BARUN. Senator, let me take a stab at some of that. I don't think any of us have, any expectations for measurable results from this, but I think vie all would like to have those expectations. But unbeknownst to us, there was a study going on at the same time we were working on this done by the Rand Corp. and I have a copy of it, but I just got it in the mail. It is called Prospects for Prevent- ing Drug Use Among Young Adolescents. Just a couple of weeks ag_o it was sent to me in the mail, and they talk about a project Wled Project Alert, which is a social in- fluence model which is influencing kids' attitudes about things,

50 47 which is making drug use unpopular,alcohol use unpopular, that where kids were not already usingdrugs they found a 50- to 60- percent decrease in theincidence of first use of thosedrugs over a 4-year period. Chairman BIDEN. Absolutely. Mr. BARUN. SO I think thatthis study, again, doneunbeknownst to any of us, reaffirms ourgut feelings, and allthe gut feelings of the people in the televisionindustry and in the entertainmentin- dustry that this will have animpact, and it is substantiatedby this study. Now, it also states that thosepeople who are already usingdrugs were not affected asmuch. Our target audienceis 5- to 11-year- olds. The average age of first useof drugs today is 13, andif you throw alcohol into that, as Mr.Brooks pointed out, it is 12.So we are right inthat preliminary stage wherekids are going to start feeling the pressure. Chairman BIDEN. Interestinglittle phenomena. I set up afounda- tion to study long-termproblems, the first major projectin conjunc- tion with the BrookingsInstitution, things that wedon't have an opportunity to study long term herebecause we are reactive, outof necessity in the Congress. We aresupposed to be reactive tothe concerns of thepeople. It was to study thehigh cost of civil litiga- tion and why middle-classpeople couldn't get into courts.I asked and helped put together a very, veryprestigious board of people across the spectrumin that area. One of thepeople was a former CEO of one'of the major corporations. And at a coffee break on a totallydifferent subjectthat is,the cost of civil litigationthisparticular person walked up to meand he said, "Joe, I want to compliment you,I think you are deadright on the drugthing." I looked at him and, you know,people just being nice,dead right on the drugthing, I am dead wrong so manytimes. And I said thank you, and I thought he wasjust being solicitous. He said, "You know, when you guyspassed the law ontobacco ontelevision"and by the way, I thought, toreveal my ignorance, and I wasn't here at the time,I came in 1972, this wasthe late 1960'sI thought there was a lawthat said you cannotadvertise that was the lawthat any tobaccoproduct on television. I thought is, as was passed. Ididn't realize there was nosuch law. The law you all know,that for every minute you aregoing to put on saying smoke or chew, you got to put on aminute saying it isbad to smoke or chew. And he said, So when you all first passed thatlaw back in the 1960's andearly 1970's we all the pro-tobacco ads,the Marlboro thought we would outsmart you, so we put happened to be in 1968, Man, et cetera, on the primetimeshows, whatever they put them on inthe 1969, 1971, 1972, and we took allthe anti-smoking ads and we cartoon hours on Saturday morningand we bunched them up. He said, television any more, because wefound out that You notice nobody advertises on if you put them on in the our advertisers were comingback and saying, guess what, coincidental that that groupof people who have the target age from 4 to 11, it is not during that period, lowest incidence of smoking are thepeople who were 4 to 11 Or actually probably 2 to12 or 13 or 14. 5, 48 And it worked. And so it seemsto me that wehave got to get over thishurdle, and one of the greatdebatesgreat debates, that is self-servingone ofthe debates between meand my drug policy and the administration's,in particular thedrug director, is he doesn't think educationworks. If he is right andI am wrong, then the strategy I am proposingis wrong and the onethat he is propos- ing is right. But if theRand Corp. is correct,if the experts with whom I have spoken arecorrect, that you canimpact on children in these formative yearsin terms of theirattitudes toward and the acceptability of consuming,then in fact you all maybe asked to be more in thebusiness. Here is my question.Can you think of a wayin which it would be feasible, assuming itis not economicallyprofitable, for you all to continue? And you haveobligations to stockholders.You have to contribute as good citizens,and you do and youwill. But at some point, if it is determinedby the communityof observers and ex- perts in this areathat this kind of thinghas a positive impactin consuming in the firstinstance, and it is reducing the prospects of scale not profitablethough for you to continueit in the long-term and widen it andbroaden it, can youand you maywant to answer thisfor the recordcan youcontemplate a circumstance whereby we could contractwith you, we, theFederal Government, could contract with youand get some of yourreal creative genius? Most times we contractwith you for ads and weget folks you didn't hire to do the material.I mean this sincerely.And I wonder whether or notI think it isvitally inappropriate for usto dictate more thananything, so I am what you should do. That scares me commit- not suggestingthat, and as long as I amchairman of this tee I will do my best to seethat none of that evergets through this committee if anyone were to proposeit. minute about the prospectof being able But think with me for 1 this to literally contractfor the creative geniusthat is evident in would say produce suchand such a number, or cartoon whereby we love to kid me a seriesof cartoons, or againwhat my colleagues about, produce a majorfilm that has as itsthesis the theme inthis cartoon, characters, reallife characters who aredepicted in this cartoon. know that it has everbeen done, but can Is it reasonable? I don't would you contemplatewhereby we could literallyjust as a studio purchase the creative geniusof people, where theFederal Govern- do it, we don't carehow ment would say, wewon't tell you how to X you do it,but in this drug bill we aregoing to appropriate number of dollars for you to goout and produce afilm, or produce a series ofcartoons? I am not sure it does. Does that make any sense? hit so many points Mr. FRANK. The problemis, I mean, you have in any here in the last coupleof minutes. Thereis no doubt that given area there is aninfluential group that setsthe trend of what is chic, what is in,and we refer to it as peerpressurehere with children, but in fact it isin the Hollywoodcommunity, it is inthe the certain leadersof that auto industry, itis anyplace. Whatever leadership posi- group dotends to be what thosewho are not in the tion want to emulate. 2 49 industry criticized in We have certainly seenthe entertainment it is the the past years formaking drugs chic. I can assureyou that Hollywood now. It is notchic, and I think thatit is opposite out in That was one ofthe things you are seeinginfluenced in the work. on one comment youmade. On the other comment,I think there are alot of people, and will do all they canwithin the guidelinesof each of the companies properly, to try to doprojects like this running their companies Day and you will seethem come up, andwhether it is an Earth project a lot ofpeople are working on,which is going to run on Sunday, or whateverthe project, they willdo that. natural tendencyandhere I speak justfor There will be a to order a programfrom some- myselfif the government came writers, directors whowould body, and therewill be producers, think, for want to work onitthere would be anatural tendency, I them to sayand youshould all jump inherewell, how can you order something and nottell me what you want meto make? What type of show do youwant? What do you wantit to say? Give me a direction and that typeof thing. So, I don't know how youseparate the persondoing the ordering from what gets produced,and this is the typeof thing we as pro- ducers go through withnetworks. that is the danger,because I am not Chairman BIDEN. Well see, is do being facetious whenI say this, the lastthing we should do creative genius with us onthis dais, or similar the ordering. The think about us order- dais in this Congress,isI would tremble to ing anything specific. Mr. FRANK. It would begood to know where wecould go if people within the entertainmentindustry had ideas thatthey wanted to produce, it would be veryhelpful to have a person, agroup, some- place to go to ask forthat type of help. Chairman Bmes. I can assureyouand again, I'm notbeing fa- here. In the Senate,and in the House to cetiousyou can go right conclud- a large extent,the leadership of theSenate has essentially organization before whom youhave testified ed that this particular relating to the drug is, if not the totalrepository of these matters education, drug treatment,drug enforcement,because other com- have all agreed, sothat we don't con- mittees have jurisdiction, we different fuse it like we do otherthings, that we wouldnot have 50 committees doing that.So, we are here, andthere many others, committee, and SenatorHatch and others, from Senator Kennedy's locus you could come all participate. But,fortunately, there is one now. Anyone else who 13;..;.. again, you haveanswered my question. the wants to answer itI would like to hearfrom. Because I think last thing we shoulddoI used to have afriend, he has passed hell of a basketballplayer and was away, heused to sayhe was a sense. known for his academic prowess,but he had a lot of common He used to use anexpression, he used to say,"You have got to know how to know." We don't know how toknow up here in termsof the creative in- last thing I woulddo would be to suggestto stincts required. The President come you, or suggestthat this body, theCongress, or the along with guidelines onhow to produce ashow. I would turn to

5 3 50 Mr. Disney and hiscolleagues and say, "Hey, you come upwith something that you think worksand we will pay you for it.We have enough confidence to pay youfor it. If it works, fine. If we don't like it, we won't ask youto clo it again." But the last thing weshould do, in my humble opinion,is to sug- gestI mean, can youimagine us sitting down andgiving guide- lines for how to draft a cartoon,the contract? God almighty no,I can't imagine it. Mr. BARUN. I think,Senator, basically that is how wefunctioned from the McDonald's sideof things. Chairman BIDEN. That is agood point. Mr. BARUN. Although Ihave a background in substanceabuse, I don't know what gets across tokids. I have four kids, I amstill trying to figure out what gets acrossto them. But we didthe same thing. We said, "We trust you,all of you guys," and said,"Here is some moneyand let's see what you comeup." We stand behind them, standbehind them to this dayand would stand behind them again. Mr. DisNEY. I think I couldadd to that too that I am surethere are atremendous number of peoplein the film communityin gen- eral who have notions ofshows that might work orpieces and 'bits that might go into theirshows and so on, andknowing that you are receptiveto those ideas and that wemight come to youwhen the right one comes alongwould be real useful. Chairman Bmw. Well I invitethat. And again, I soundlike a broken record, and I do notonething that one of yousaid earlier today was that there is no one answerto thisI believe it wasyou, sirno one answer to dealingwith the drug problem. There is one overreaching,overarching answer, andthat is that we do nowknow that we have to doeverything at once. Everything at once. You cannotdeal with enforcementand not education, treatment and notenforcement. Prevention and notinterdiction. I mean, youhave to deal with it all, all at onetime, with ourlimited resources. I have other questions,but I am taking too muchof your time. Let me just suggest to you thatthere are those of usItbink all of us, this isnonpartisan in its instinct,nonpartisan in its desireand nonpartisan in its willingness tobe cooperative. We arelooking for help. We know you havemade a success overdecades of knowing what appeals to children.That is being creative.We need your cre- ative genius. And to the extent that anyof your colleagues willhear of this hearing or be aware of it, andI have no illusions aboutthe limited scope and breadthof what is said here by me or anyoneelse today, but we need it badly. And itsoundsI won't characterizehow it sounds. If there was ever atime this nationneeds the creative genius of the motion pictureindustry, the entertainmentindustry, it is now. And none of usknow how well it is goingto work. None of us know that. I don'tknow anybody whoknows how well it is going to cork, but I doknow one thing, thereis a prospect ofit working. If done well, that prospectincreases, and if it issuccessful at all, the Rand reportshowing, what was it, 40percent? Mr. BARUN. It was 50 to60 percent.

54 51 Chairman BIDEN. Fifty tosixty percent. Do youknow what that translates into enforcement?If you went from everyonefrom Mr. Sessions, the Directorof the FBI, straightthrough to the local police officers back inBeverly Hills, or any placein California, or anywhere else in Chicago,and you asked them, yousaid, you could have an education programthat will diminish by even20 percent the number of studentswho will move into thedrug stream, try for the first time, or you canincrease your policedepartments by 20 percent, I guarantee you anyof them who knowanything will take the education program. I mean that sincerely.Law enforcement is outthere as my strongest surporterin the fight for fundsfor education. Law en- forcement. The bangfor the buck is exponential.You can do so although I acknowledgethat we are much more. So, it seems to me, all of this going to waste some money,although I acknowledge not is going to work, Ido think we have noalternative but to continue to trylet merephrase thatto try,because we haven'tstarted yet. We haven't evenbegun. And this is a significantbeginning. I thank you for it. Ido not ask you for anythingbeyond this now. I thank you for beingwilling to do this. Hopefully, as youmeasure its impact, as we allwill, hopefully therewill be some discernible impact that will eithergenerate the creativejuices up here in terms of how wemarshal resourceswhichhopefully we have someand creative artisticinstincts that you allcontrol and have access toand/or are, that we maybe able to getsomething togeth- continues to broaden the scopeof the potentialimpact er here that begin with. on ourchildren from getting intothe drug stream to listened to me overthe last couple of I thank you for having single net- years. Andby the way, I want tomake it clear, not one work executive, not onesingle production houseexecutive, not one single company, not onesingle person that I wentto had to be en- couraged. I am not suggestingthat this wasyouknow, Joe Biden sat hcrl and said,"Well, Disney would be agood idea." Disney was alreadythinking about this beforeI ever said any- thing to you all. You wereall already involvedin this, so I don't want to have therecord in any way suggest, as weall tend to do sometimes, is appear totake credit for somethingthatyou know, the tide rolls in and wesaid, I predicted t.You know, I mean, am not suggestingthat at all. I thank you for what youhave done. But everyonewith whom I have spoken, their responsehas been overwhelming,and I think it is just because ofbasic sound, good instincts,and also because there is any place, Ihope there is aprofit to there is, hopefullyif love be found. Not thatthat is why you havedone it, but I would be found in miningthis vein. Thatwould be there to be a profit to worked the ultimate justificationIf the free enterprisesystem, if it that way. But again, thank you very, verymuch. I appreciate yourtime and your effort, and with yourpermission I would like tobe able to keep in contact with allof you to see how you areindependently what, if anything, shortof us telling you measuring this and to see from what to do, how we canbe cooperative. Thatold joke, "I am the Federal Government,I am here to helpyou." 52 You know, it gets the samereaction it got from all of you, we don't always help. But in this case wewant to be guided, we are looking for suggestions, and we areprepared to go to our constitu- ency and to theAmerican public and say wethink it is worth taking a shot over here and we wantto appropriate some moneyto try to do it, if it is judged tobe worth taking a shot. I thank you all very, verymuch, and unless any of have aclosing comment, which I wouldwelcome, the hearing isadjourned. (Whereupon, at 12:20 p.m., thehearing was adjourned subject to the call of the Chair.) 0

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