This document is published by Larnaka Municipality– USUDS project for “Larnaka, Cyprus” is funded by the European Union Το παρόν έγγραφο εκδίδεται από τον Δήμο Λάρνακας στα πλαίσια του USUDS project για την Λάρνακα το οποίο χρηματοδοτείται από την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση
Diagnostic Report of the city of Larnaka & greater urban area
TThhee UUrrbbaann SSuussttaaiinnaabbllee DDeevveellooppmmeenntt SSttrraatteeggiieess ((UUSSUUDDSS)) pprroojjeecctt
The European Union’s USUDS project for “Larnaka”
July 2013
www.medcities.org
CHAPTER 1
DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LARNAKA
1 - DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LARNAKA
1.1 PREFACE
1.1.1 Methodology
The exploration of the demographic characteristics of Larnaka has been based mainly on official data from Eurostat and specifically from the Census of Population of 2011. For comparison purposes data from the 2001 Census and from previous censuses has also been used. Furthermore, data from the other provinces or cities of Cyprus has also been used for comparison purposes, and in some cases reference is made to the overall results for the entire population of Cyprus.
The methodological approach used in this chapter is broken down into four (4) stages:
. The first part sets out a brief analysis of the existing situation and the general characteristics that make up the population of Larnaka and the total population, inhabiting the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus.
. The second part investigates the development patterns of the population of Larnaka compared to the population of the remaining four districts of Cyprus.
. Τhe third part shows the characteristics of the population of Larnaka compared with the characteristics of the total population of Cyprus in the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus.
. The fourth part attempts to analyze the data and lists the possible reasons that make up each item.
1.1.2 Sources
- Department of Statistics, Population Census of 2011 primarily, but also population censuses of earlier years.
- Department of Town Planning and Housing, Larnaka Local Plan revised in 2011 and approved in 2013.
- Municipality of Larnaka, Technical Department and Financial Department
3
1 - DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LARNAKA
1.2 GENERAL
The population of Cyprus according to the results of the Population Census of 2011 was 856,960 (as of 1st October 2011) compared to 689.565 in the previous census of 2001, recording an increase of 21.9% over the past 10 years.
It should be noted that the district with the largest population growth in 2011 compared to 2001 is Paphos with an increase of 33.0%, followed by Larnaka with an increase of 24.2%, Famagusta with an increase of 23.4%, Limassol with an increase of 19.2 % and lastly Nicosia with an increase of 18.8%.
The total population of Cyprus has increased by about 22% from 2001 to 2011, however this increase does not reflect the number of Cypriot births. The preliminary results of the population census conducted in previous months show a dramatic decline in births and increase in the number of foreign nationals living in Cyprus. According to the results, one in five people are foreigners.
The District of Larnaka has an area of 102,100 hectares (which accounts for 18.6% of the total area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus). The Greater Urban Area of Larnaka has an area of 12,155 hectares of which 3,206 hectares comprise the Municipality of Larnaka (Fig. 1.1, Table 1.1).
Figure 1.1: The District of Larnaka
SOURCES: Department of Town Planning and Housing, Internet
Table 1.1: Area and population within the District of Larnaka
REGION AREA (ha) POPULATION District of Larnaka 102,100 143,192 Greater Urban Area 12,155 91,724 Municipality of Larnaka 3,206 51,468
SOURCES: Department of Town Planning and Housing Department of Statistics, Population Census of 2011 4
1 - DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LARNAKA
The total population of Larnaka as of 1st October 2011 was 143,192 (urban and rural areas combined) which corresponds to 17% of the total population. In the urban area of Larnaka the population was 84,279 and the rural area was 58,435. Of the 84,279 in the urban area of Larnaka, 51,468 reside in the area pertaining to the Municipality of Larnaka.
Larnaka is the third largest province in population number with an annual growth rate of 2.5% (an increase of approximately 3,000 per year).
The limits of the Larnaka Local Plan comprise the following communities: Larnaka Municipality, the Municipality Aradhippou, the Municipality of Livadia, the Community Councils of Dromolaxia and Meneou, the seafront of the Community Councils of Voroklini and Pyla, and part of the area of the Community Council of Kalo Chorio (Figure 1.2).
Figure 1.2: Larnaka Local Plan - Study area and administrational framework
SOURCE: Department of Town Planning and Housing, Larnaka Local Plan 2013
The largest communities in the periphery of the Municipality of Larnaka (Figure 1.3) in terms of population, according to data collected from the census of population of 2011 are: the Municipality of Aradippou with 19,228 residents, the Municipality of Livadia with 7,206 residents, the Community Councils of Voroklini with 6,134 inhabitants, Dromolaxia with 5,064 inhabitants, Kiti with 4,252 residents, Pervolia with 3,009 residents and Pyla with 2,771 inhabitants. With lower populations, follow the Community Councils of Meneou with 1,625 inhabitants, Kalo Chorio with 1,518 inhabitants, Tersefanou with 1,299 residents, Troulloi with 1,175 inhabitants, Klavdia with 427 residents, Kelia with 387 inhabitants, and finally Avdellero with 218 inhabitants (please refer to Table 2).
5
1 - DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LARNAKA
Figure 1.3: The Municipality of Larnaka and Table 1.2: Area and population surrounding communities of the Municipality of Larnaka and surrounding communities
Municipality Area Population /Community (ha) 1-10-2011 Council Larnaka 3,206 51,468 Aradhippou 5,594 19,228 Livadia 861 7,206 Dromolaxia 1,670 5,064 Meneou 447 1,625 Voroklini 1,538 6,134 Pyla 1,954 2,771 Kalo Chorio 2,721 1,518 Trouloi 2,843 1,175 Kelia 1,258 387 Avdellero 2,004 218 Kochi 1,366 0 Klavdia 2,103 427 Tersefanou 1,919 1,299 Kiti 878 4,252 Pervolia 853 3,009
SOURCES: Department of Town Planning and SOURCE: Department of Town Planning and Housing Housing, Department of Statistics
The area in descending order of each community within the boundaries of the Local Plan of Larnaka is as follows: the Municipality of Aradhippou 5,594 hectares, the Municipality of Larnaka 3,206 hectares, Troulloi 2,843 hectares, Kalo Chorio 2,721 hectares, Klavdia 2,103 hectares, Avdellero 2,004 hectares, Pyla 1,954 hectares, Tersefanou 1,919 hectares, Dromolaxia 1,670 hectares, Voroklini 1,538 hectares, Kochi 1,366 hectares, Kelia 1,258 hectares, Kiti 878 hectares, Livadia 861 hectares, Pervolia 853 hectares, and finally Meneou 447 hectares (refer to table 1.2).
The Administrative District of the Municipality of Larnaka is divided into 10 quarters, which are: Skala, Agios Nikolaos, Chrysopolitissa, Sotiros, Agioi Anargyroi I, Agioi Anargyroi II, Kokkines, Tsiakkilero, Kamares and Archbishop Makarios III (figure 1.4). The area and the population for the year 2011 of each quarter is presented in Table 1.3.
Figure 1.4: Quarters within Table 1.3: Area and Population of the the Municipality of Larnaka Quarters of Larnaka
Quarter Area Population (ha) 1-10-2011 Scala 1,186 6,103 Agios Nikolaos 1,250 16,887 Chrysopolitissa 278 7,980 Sotiros 361 13,383 Agioi Anargyroi I 21 996 Agioi Anargyroi II 24 1,281 Kokkines 4 1,495 Tsiakkilero 38 1,873 Kamares 14 479 Arch. Makarios III 30 991
SOURCE: Department of Town Planning and Housing SOURCES: Department of Town Planning and Housing, Department of Statistics 6
1 - DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LARNAKA
1.3 POPULATION GROWTH
According to the census of population of 2011, the urban area of Larnaka ranks third in population compared to the other urban areas in Cyprus, whereas its rural area ranks second compared to the other rural areas in the country.
The distribution of population of the urban/rural area of Cyprus by district, is presented in figure 1.5 below, and the change over time of the population in each district in figure 1.6. The population in all urban districts shows a small increase in the years between 2000 and 2011. In Nicosia, the increment is around 20.5%, in Larnaka 21.5%, in Limassol 15,9%, and in Paphos 39.8%. (Refer to figure 1.7)
Likewise, the population in all rural districts appears to have a small increase in the years between 2000 and 2011. In Nicosia, the inrement is around 22.1%, in Famagusta 25.9%, in Larnaka 32.8%, in Limassol 40.7%, and in Paphos 31.8%. (Refer to figure 1.8)
Figure 1.5: Population according to district and urban/rural area
250.000 237.703
200.000 179.421
150.000 ΣΥΝΟΛΟ
100.000 87.249 84.591 61.986
46.581 58.601 54.783 TOTAL / TOTAL 50.000 26.129
0 Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Area Area Area Area Area Area Area Area Area Area NICOSIA FAMAGUSTA LARNAKA LIMASSOL PAPHOS
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2011
Figure 1.6: Population according to district (End of year results)
400,0 350,0
300,0 250,0 200,0 150,0
(THOUSANDS) 100,0
END OF YEAR TOTALS TOTALS YEAR OF END 50,0 0,0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Nicosia 280,3 283,1 286,2 289,7 293,5 298,4 305,1 312,6 320,6 328,0 336,0 Famagusta 38,5 39,0 39,6 40,1 40,8 41,6 42,7 43,8 45,1 46,3 47,6 Larnaka 117,5 119,0 120,8 122,8 124,8 127,4 130,8 134,5 138,5 142,3 146,3 Limassol 201,6 203,5 205,7 208,1 210,8 214,3 219,0 224,4 230,2 235,5 241,3 Paphos 67,6 69,1 70,6 72,3 74,1 76,2 78,8 81,6 84,7 87,7 90,8
SOURCE: Department of Statistics 7
1 - DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LARNAKA
Figure 1.7: Population according to urban area
300,0
250,0
200,0
150,0
(THOUSANDS) END OF OF END YEAR TOTALS 100,0
50,0
0,0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Nicosia 204,1 206,2 208,1 210,3 212,8 215,4 219,0 223,7 229,1 234,9 240,2 245,9 Famagusta Larnaka 71,1 72,0 72,7 73,5 74,4 75,4 76,6 78,4 80,3 82,4 84,3 86,4 Limassol 159,3 161,2 162,0 163,1 164,3 165,7 167,7 170,7 174,1 177,8 181,1 184,6 Paphos 45,7 47,3 48,4 49,5 50,7 52,0 53,5 55,3 57,3 59,5 61,6 63,9
SOURCE: Department of Statistics
Figure 1.8: Population according to rural area
100,0
90,0
80,0
70,0
)
TOTALS 60,0
50,0
(THOUSANDS 40,0 END OF OF END YEAR 30,0
20,0
10,0
0,0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Nicosia 73,8 74,1 75,0 75,9 76,9 78,1 79,4 81,4 83,5 85,7 87,8 90,1 Famagusta 37,8 38,5 39,0 39,6 40,1 40,8 41,6 42,7 43,8 45,1 46,3 47,6 Larnaka 45,1 45,5 46,3 47,3 48,4 49,4 50,8 52,4 54,2 56,1 58,0 59,9 Limassol 40,3 40,4 41,5 42,6 43,8 45,1 46,6 48,3 50,3 52,4 54,4 56,7 Paphos 20,4 20,3 20,7 21,1 21,6 22,1 22,7 23,5 24,3 25,2 26,1 26,9
ΠΗΓΗ: Στατιστική Υπηρεσία
It should be noted that after 2004 (the year Cyprus joined the European Union) the population growth in each district increased by larger increments. This can be attributed to the fact that many European Union citizens moved to Cyprus, mainly for employment reasons. 8
1 - DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LARNAKA
When analyzing the population growth in the urban area of each district during the period between the two censuses of 2001 and 2011, it is evident that Larnaka holds second place with an increase of 20%, only exceeded by Paphos (33% for the same period). The growth rates for the urban areas of Nicosia and Limassol between 2001 and 2011 were 18.4% and 14.3% respectively. With regard to the increase of population in the rural area during the same period, Larnaka again holds the second place with a growth rate of 31%, behind Limassol where the growth rate was 38.3%. The growth rates for the rural areas of Paphos, Famagusta, and Nicosia over the same period were: 30.4%, 23.4% and 19.6% respectively.
Figure 1.9 presents the distribution of rural and urban population in the five districts of Cyprus for the years 2001 and 2011. It is obvious that Larnaka presents a more balanced distribution between the urban and rural population compared to the other districts. Specifically, the urban population in the district of Larnaka accounts for 59% of the total population of the province compared to 73% in Nicosia, 77% in Limassol and 70% in Paphos. This scene may change over time and we may see population concentration in the urban area following the national trend if we take into consideration the population growth of the urban population in Larnaka recorded over the period 2001-2011.
Figure 1.9: Population growth according to district during the time period between the years 2001-2011
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2001 and 2011
9
1 - DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LARNAKA
The proportional increase in the total population of Cyprus during the period 2001-2011 was 18.8% in the urban areas and 27% in the rural areas. In both cases Larnaka exceeds these rates (refer to figure 1.10).
Figure 1.10: Population growth of the total population of Cyprus between the years 2001-2011
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2001 and 2011
10
1 - DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LARNAKA
As far as the number of births is concerned, Larnaka follows along with the other provinces in the downward trend of recent decades (please refer to table 1.5 in the Appendices, Volume II). Table 1.11 which follows, presents the number of live births according to the mother's place of residence and district during 2011. It can be concluded that the urban area of Larnaka ranks third in live births after Nicosia and Limassol respectively. However, with reference to figure 1.12, unlike the other provinces, the birth rate in the urban area is lower than that in the rural area.
Figure 1.11: Number of births according to the mother's place of residence and district, 2011
3.000 2.726
2.500
1.975 2.000
1.500
978 972 1.000 788 686 583 588 500 239
0 Nicosia Famagusta Larnaka Limassol Paphos
Urban Area Rural Area
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2011
Figure 1.12: Percentage of live births over the total population according to district, 2011
1,4 1,3 1,3 1,2 1,2 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,0 1,0
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
0,0 Nicosia Famagusta Larnaka Limassol Paphos
Urban Area Rural Area
Note: The total fertility rate for 2011 was 1.35 - Table 1.4, Appendices, Volume II
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2011
11
1 - DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LARNAKA
1.4 POULATION CHARACTERISTICS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF LARNAKA
In general terms, Agios Nikolaos Quarter has the largest population and number of households, followed by Sotiros, Chrysopolitissa and Scala Quarters. Households of two people are prevalent in all the quarters of Larnaka (Figures 1.13 and 1.14).
Figure 1.13: Population within the administrative boundaries of Larnaka according to quarter
18.000 16.887
16.000
14.000 13.383
12.000
10.000 7.980 8.000 TOTAL 6.103 6.000
4.000 1.873 1.495 2.000 991 996 1.281 479 0 Arch. Ayioi Chrysopoli Ayios Ayioi Scala Sotiros Makarios Tsiakilero Kokkines Anargyroi Kamares tissa Nikolaos Anargyroi I III IΙ POPULATION 6.103 7.980 13.383 991 1.873 1.495 16.887 996 1.281 479
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2011
Figure 1.14: Number of households in Larnaka according to size and quarter
2.000
1.800
1.600
1.400
1.200
1.000 TOTAL 800
600
400
200
0 Arch. Ayioi Ayioi Chrysopol Ayios Scala Sotiros Makarios Tsiakilero Kokkines Anargyroi Anargyroi Kamares itissa Nikolaos III I II 1 Person 959 828 997 75 215 141 1.207 85 111 44 2 Person 1.052 1.051 1.305 129 228 226 1.899 147 189 84 3 Person 439 567 933 70 147 111 1.248 82 111 41 4 Person 227 442 846 54 89 75 1.021 46 65 12 5 Person 89 201 432 33 38 32 502 25 27 10 6+ Person 49 84 214 11 32 14 231 10 10 7
Total 2,815 3,173 4,727 372 749 599 6,108 395 513 198
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2011 12
1 - DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LARNAKA
According to urban, or rural area, Larnaka is third in the number of urban households and second in the number of rural households nationwide (Figure 1.15).
The total number of households nationwide recorded in October 2011 was 303,242, of which 119,203 were in Nicosia, 15,826 in the Famagusta area, 50,038 in Larnaka, 85,171 in Limassol, and 33,004 in Paphos.
Figure 1.15: Number of households according to district and urban/rural area
100.000 90.397 90.000 80.000
70.000 65.304
60.000 50.000
TOTAL TOTAL 40.000 28.806 29.971 30.000 20.067 19.867 22.616 15.826 20.000 10.388 10.000 0 Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Area Area Area Area Area Area Area Area Area Area NICOSIA FAMAGUSTA LARNAKA LIMASSOL PAPHOS
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2011
The population according district consists primarily of Cypriot citizens, followed by citizens of the European Union, and citizens of other countries. (Figure 1.16)
If we analyze the number of European citizens nationwide, we observe that Nicosia has the largest proportion among its total population, i.e. 31%, while Larnaka - although ranking third in population numbers nationwide - in the number of European citizens ranks fourth with 16% (Figure 1.17).
Moreover, when we compare the percentage of the number of citizens of countries outside the European Union nationally, we can observe that Larnaka ranks third with 16%, i.e. half the rate of Limassol, which ranks second in the series with 32% after Nicosia with 39% (refer to figure 1.18).
Figure 1.16: Population according to nationality and district
350.000
300.000
250.000
200.000 TOTAL TOTAL 150.000
100.000
50.000
0 NICOSIA FAMAGUSTA LARNAKA LIMASSOL PAPHOS Not Specified 1.584 277 253 371 141 Citizens of other Countries 25.041 1.966 10.241 20.205 6.660 European Union Citizens 33.089 6.821 17.398 25.957 23.005 Cypriot Citizens 267.266 37.565 115.300 188.797 58.470
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2011 13
1 - DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LARNAKA
Figure 1.17: Population according to nationality and district - European Union citizens
European Union Citizens
Nicosia 31% Famagusta 7% Larnaka 16% Limassol 24% Paphos 22%
23,005 22% 33,089 31%
25,957 25% 6,821 17,398 6% 16%
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2011
Figure 1.18: Population according to nationality and district – Citizens of countries other than the European Union
Citizens of Countries Other than EU
Nicosia 39% Famagusta 3% Larnaka 16% Limassol 32% Paphos 10%
6,660 10% 25,041 39% 20,205 32%
10,241 16%
1,966 3%
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2011
14
1 - DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LARNAKA
Cypriot citizens in the Municipality of Larnaka reside mainly in the quarters of Agios Nikolaos with 80% and Sotiros with 75%. The majority of European citizens and citizens of countries outside the European Union reside in the quarters of Scala - where the urban shopping center is located - with a percentage of 49%, and Chrysopolitissa with a percentage of 42% (Figure 1.19).
Figure 1.19: Population according to nationality and quarter
14.000
12.000
10.000
8.000 TOTAL
6.000
4.000
2.000
0 Arch. Ayioi Ayioi Chrysopo Ayios Scala Sotiros Makarios Tsiakilero Kokkines Anargyro Anargyro Kamares litissa Nikolaos III i I i IΙ Cypriot Citizens 3.126 4.629 10.106 906 1.601 1.326 13.626 917 1.096 444 European Union Citizens 2.039 2.029 1.885 30 153 84 1.894 23 104 15 Citizens of other Countries 920 1.250 1.376 54 119 85 1.347 56 81 20 Not Specified 18 72 16 1 0 0 20 0 0 0
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2011
15
1 - DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LARNAKA It is interesting to note that, nationals of European countries residing in Larnaka are mainly from Greece, the United Kingdom, Romania and Bulgaria (Figure 1.20).
Furthermore, nationals of countries outside the European Union residing in Larnaka are mainly women from the Philippines, Vietnam, Sri Lanka and Russia. In addition, there is a significant number of Palestinians in the Municipality of Larnaka (Figure 1.21).
Figure 1.20: Population according to country of citizenship and gender – European Union citizens in the Municipality of Larnaka
2.500
2.000
1.500 TOTAL 1.000
500
0
COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP MEN WOMEN
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2011
Figure 1.21: Population according to country of citizenship and gender – Citizens of countries other than the European Union in the Municipality of Larnaka
1.200
1.000
800
600 TOTAL
400
200
0
IRAN
INDIA
SYRIA
NEPAL
EGYPT
ISRAEL
PERSIA
SERBIA
RUSSIA
TURKEY
JORDAN
UKRANE
CANADA
NIGERIA
ALBANIA
NORWAY
VIETNAM
BELARUS
ARMENIA
GEORGIA
LEBANON
MOLDOVA
PAKISTAN
SRI LANKA SRI
PALESTINE
AUSTRALIA
CAMEROUN
PHILIPINES
BANGLADESH
SWITSERLAND
SOUTHAFRICA
NOT SPECIFIED NOT
UNITED STATESUNITED
OTHERCOUNTRIES CHINA HONKCHINA KONG
COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP MEN WOMEN
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2011 16
1 - DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LARNAKA If the percentage of the economically active population according to urban area is examined, it can be noticed that this proportion in the urban area of Larnaka comes third folowing the districts of Nicosia and Limassol. More specifically, in the urban area the percentage of the economically active population in Larnaka is 14.5% compared with 18.9% in Nicosia, and 16.1% in Limassol. The rural area of Larnaka is in third place with 11.4% after Famagusta with 15.8% and Nicosia with 13.1% (Figure 1.22).
The same trend applies for the unemployment rate, where the urban area of Larnaka ranks third with 3.4% after Limassol and Nicosia, while the rural area of Larnaka is second with 3.9% unemployed after the rural area of Limassol (Figure 1.23).
Figure 1.22: Percentage of economically active population according to district, 2011
20,00% 18,00% 16,00% 14,00% 12,00% 10,00% 8,00% 6,00% 4,00% 2,00% 0,00% Nicosia Famagusta Larnaka Limassol Paphos
Urban Area Rural Area
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2011
Figure 1.23: Percentage of unemployed persons according to district, 2011
6,00% 5,60%
5,00% 4,40% 3,90% 4,00% 3,50% 3,30% 3,40% 3,10% 3,00% 2,80% 2,70%
2,00%
1,00%
0,00% Nicosia Famagusta Larnaka Limassol Paphos
Urban Area Rural Area
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2011
17
1 - DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LARNAKA Figures 1.24 and 1.25 which follow, present the age structure of the population within the administrative boundaries of the Municipality of Larnaka in 2011 and 2001 respectively. The pie charts located on the right side of each figure separate the age structure of the population into economically active and inactive population. It is concluded that during the last decade within the Municipality of Larnaka there has been a slight increase of the active population of ages 20 to 59 years and a parallel increase of the population over 60 years. However, at the same time there has been a significant reduction of about 7% in the number of young people under 20 years.
Figure 1.24: Population in Larnaka according to gender and age – Municipality of Larnaka 2011
2.500 2.250 60+ 0-19 2.000 21% 20% 1.750
1.500 20- 59 1.250 59 % 1.000 750 500 250 0 Not 10- 15- 20- 25- 30- 35- 40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 65- 70- 75- 0-4 5-9 80+ Spec 14 19 24 29 34 39 44 49 54 59 64 69 74 79 ified Larnaka Municipality Male 1.168 1.152 1.313 1.712 2.182 2.366 1.874 1.519 1.554 1.674 1.640 1.447 1.352 1.168 1.015 717 755 5 Larnaka Municipality Female 1.202 1.103 1.248 1.614 1.991 2.244 2.084 2.052 2.009 1.960 1.875 1.603 1.497 1.276 1.080 910 1.068 39
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2011
Figure 1.25: Population in Larnaka according to gender and age – Municipality of Larnaka 2001
2.000 1.800 60+ 1.600 0-19 18% 1.400 27% 1.200 20- 1.000 59 800 55% 600 400 200
0 Not 10- 15- 20- 25- 30- 35- 40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 65- 70- 75- Spe 0-4 5-9 80+ 14 19 24 29 34 39 44 49 54 59 64 69 74 79 cifie d Larnaka Municipality Male 1.278 1.637 1.779 1.785 1.717 1.546 1.491 1.641 1.643 1.471 1.391 1.248 1.130 900 685 573 520 29 Larnaka Municipality Female 1.273 1.599 1.610 1.716 1.745 1.710 1.689 1.868 1.828 1.615 1.537 1.296 1.168 1.084 899 688 851 26
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2011
Between the years 2001 and 2011, the growth rate in the Larnaka district was 24%, while the corresponding increase in the total population of Cyprus was 22%. The corresponding population growth for the same period in the urban area was 20% and in the rural area 31%. It should be noted that population of the Municipality of Larnaka increased by 10%. 18
1 - DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LARNAKA Figures 1.26 to 1.35 show the age structure of the population in each quarter within the administrative boundaries of the Municipality of Larnaka in 2011. It is worth noting that in all the quarters where we find settlements of the refugees of the Turkish invasion of 1974, the percentage of population that is 60 years and above ranges from 25% to 36% (above the overall average) while the proportion of the population under 20 years old is relatively low compared to other quarters. The quarters mentioned above are: Archbishop Makarios III quarter, Tsiakkilero quarter, Kokkines quarter, Agioi Anargyroi I and II quarters, and Kamares quarter.
Furthermore, the quarters with the largest proportion of the economically active population among residents are Scala, Chrysopolitissa and Sotiros. It should be stressed that Skala has the lowest proportion of young people up to 19 years. This finding determines the profile of the population in Urban Shopping Center, which is located in the Scala quarter.
Figure 1.26: Population in Larnaka according to gender and age – Scala Quarter 2011
350
0-19 300 60+ 0%14% 24% 0% 250 0% 20- 200 59 61% 150
100
50
0 Not 10- 15- 20- 25- 30- 35- 40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 65- 70- 75- 0-4 5-9 80+ Speci 14 19 24 29 34 39 44 49 54 59 64 69 74 79 fied Scala Male 118 105 104 118 219 332 257 219 199 171 187 172 153 152 136 89 122 0 Scala Female 131 80 101 119 254 305 268 268 249 223 213 204 192 150 135 138 220 0
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2011
Figure 1.27: Population in Larnaka according to gender and age – Chrysopolitissa Quarter 2011
450
400 0-19 60+ 0% 21% 19% 350 0% 0% 300 20- 250 59 61% 200
150 100 50 0 Not 10- 15- 20- 25- 30- 35- 40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 65- 70- 75- 0-4 5-9 80+ Spec 14 19 24 29 34 39 44 49 54 59 64 69 74 79 ified Crysopolitissa Male 170 167 171 233 389 421 315 258 267 259 243 201 191 176 160 118 108 0 Crysopolitissa Female 188 163 164 224 345 352 351 335 318 308 272 220 224 208 147 125 151 38
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2011 19
1 - DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LARNAKA Figure 1.28: Population in Larnaka according to gender and age – Sotiros Quarter 2011
700 600
60+ 0-19 500 0% 16% 24% 0% 400 0% 300 20- 59 200 60%
100 0 Not 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80+ Speci fied Sotiros Male 354 350 412 539 645 631 523 375 408 453 472 385 328 237 187 130 142 0 Sotiros Female 331 332 391 507 530 610 520 538 507 516 519 400 309 242 204 163 193 0
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2011
Figure 1.29: Population in Larnaka according to gender and age – Archbishop Makarios Quarter ΙΙΙ 2011
60
50 0-19 60+ 0% 20% 40 27% 0% 30 0% 20- 59 20 53%
10
0 Not 10- 15- 20- 25- 30- 35- 40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 65- 70- 75- 0-4 5-9 80+ Spec 14 19 24 29 34 39 44 49 54 59 64 69 74 79 ified Arch. Makarios III Male 12 17 14 48 32 35 21 15 17 38 33 44 34 26 23 17 14 0 Arch. Makarios III Female 23 24 22 35 34 29 41 29 36 44 41 41 45 27 26 21 33 0
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2011
Figure 1.30: Population in Larnaka according to gender and age – Tsiakilero Quarter 2011
90 80
70 60+ 0% 0-19 21% 60 25% 0% 50 0% 40 20- 59 30 54% 20
10 0 Not 10- 15- 20- 25- 30- 35- 40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 65- 70- 75- Spe 0-4 5-9 80+ 14 19 24 29 34 39 44 49 54 59 64 69 74 79 cifie d Tsiakilero Male 33 34 54 77 67 76 55 47 52 66 58 45 49 36 44 34 42 0 Tsiakilero Female 46 48 39 61 71 63 76 66 66 77 68 59 53 53 54 46 58 0
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2011 20
1 - DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LARNAKA Figure 1.31: Population in Larnaka according to gender and age – Kokkines Quarter 2011
80 70
0-19 60 0% 60+ 19% 50 33% 0%
40 20- 0% 30 59 48% 20
10 0 Not 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80+ Speci fied Kokkines Male 38 35 28 36 40 39 45 40 53 45 42 32 40 29 46 30 46 0 Kokkines Female 44 38 37 22 29 61 74 56 44 45 38 36 59 56 58 69 65 0
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2011
Figure 1.32: Population in Larnaka according to gender and age – Agios Nikolaos Quarter 2011
800 700
60+ 0% 0-19 600 20% 22%
500 0% 0%
400 20- 300 59 58% 200
100 0 Not 10- 15- 20- 25- 30- 35- 40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 65- 70- 75- 0-4 5-9 80+ Spec 14 19 24 29 34 39 44 49 54 59 64 69 74 79 ified Ayios Nikolaos Male 404 407 489 578 700 728 590 508 499 558 524 489 445 438 349 233 194 5 Ayios Nikolaos Female 393 386 435 558 622 738 683 675 709 629 628 530 496 441 329 245 251 1
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2011
Figure 1.33: Population in Larnaka according to gender and age – Agioi Anargyroi Ι Quarter 2011
50 45 40 0-19 0% 35 60+ 16% 30 36% 0% 25 20- 20 0% 59 15 48% 10 5
0 Not 10- 15- 20- 25- 30- 35- 40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 65- 70- 75- Spe 0-4 5-9 80+ 14 19 24 29 34 39 44 49 54 59 64 69 74 79 cifie d Ayioi Anargyroi I Male 9 17 13 26 30 28 27 21 18 35 30 23 34 29 38 29 28 0 Ayioi Anargyroi I Female 20 11 25 36 41 35 23 34 23 41 34 33 39 44 46 46 30 0
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2011 21
1 - DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LARNAKA Figure 1.34: Population in Larnaka according to gender and age – Agioi Anargyroi IΙ Quarter 2011
70 60
50 0-19 60+ 0%16% 40 31% 0%
30 0% 20- 59 20 54% 10
0 Not 10- 15- 20- 25- 30- 35- 40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 65- 70- 75- Spe 0-4 5-9 80+ 14 19 24 29 34 39 44 49 54 59 64 69 74 79 cifie d Ayioi Anargyroi IΙ Male 25 16 18 41 50 64 35 25 31 38 35 48 54 33 21 22 34 0 Ayioi Anargyroi IΙ Female 21 14 26 40 50 42 31 40 40 54 48 56 56 35 56 37 45 0
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2011
Figure 1.35: Population in Larnaka according to gender and age – Kamares Quarter 2011
30
25 0-19 0%14% 60+ 0% 20 41% 20- 15 59 0% 45% 10
5
0 Not 10- 15- 20- 25- 30- 35- 40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 65- 70- 75- 0-4 5-9 80+ Speci 14 19 24 29 34 39 44 49 54 59 64 69 74 79 fied Kamares Male 5 4 10 16 10 12 6 11 10 11 16 8 24 12 11 15 25 0 Kamares Female 5 7 8 12 15 9 17 11 17 23 14 24 24 20 25 20 22 0
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2011
22
1 - DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LARNAKA The distribution of Cypriot inhabitants based on their level of education in the urban and rural areas of the country is presented in Figure 1.36 below. Moreover, figure 1.37 shows the corresponding distribution of the population by level of education in Larnaka. These two figures present a similar trend, and therefore we can say that Larnaka follows the national trend.
Figure 1.36: Population in Cyprus (15+ years) according to education and urban/rural area
200.000 180.000 160.000 140.000 120.000 100.000 80.000 60.000 40.000 20.000 0 Incomplet Secondar Secondar University Elementar University No e y y College - University Not y College - Masters Education Elementar Education Education Higher Bachelors - PHD Specified Education Degree y Edu. - 3 yrs - 6 yrs Degree Urban 3.048 12.279 56.831 54.177 175.796 18.909 33.165 81.072 28.768 3.211 10.233 Rural 2.527 12.472 46.932 32.030 81.520 7.845 12.335 23.206 5.727 536 2.840
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2011
Figure 1.37: Population in Larnaka (15+ years) according to education and urban/rural area
30.000
25.000
20.000
15.000
10.000
5.000
0 No EducationIncomplete ElementaryElementary Edu.Secondary Education EducationSecondary - 3Education yrs - College6 yrs CollegeUniversity Higher - BachelorsUniversity Degree - Masters University Degree - PHDNot Specified Urban 570 2.658 10.894 9.681 26.276 2.852 4.023 9.450 2.760 244 972 Rural 370 2.416 11.152 7.497 16.882 1.699 2.328 4.453 1.019 121 556
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2011
23
1 - DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LARNAKA The number of married people and the number of single people in Larnaka do not present a significant deviation if compared. However, this is not true for the national records. Specifically, within the Municipality of Larnaka, the percentage of married people is 48% and the percentage single individuals is 42%, while nationwide the percentage of married people is 59.6% and single individuals is 29.8% (refer to figures 1.38 and 1.39).
Figure 1.38: Population in Larnaka (15+ years) according to marital status and urban/rural area
45.000 40.905 40.000 35.797 35.000 29.965 30.000 24.028
25.000 TOTAL 20.000
15.000
10.000 3.787 3.633 5.000 2.429 1.930 469 249 0 Married Widowed Divorced Single Not Specified Urban Area 40.905 3.787 3.633 35.797 469 Rural Area 29.965 2.429 1.930 24.028 249
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2011
Figure 1.39: Comparison of the percentage of the population in the Municipality of Larnaka with the percentage of the population in Cyprus (15+ years) according to marital status and urban/rural area
1% 0,8%
Παντρεμένοι/εςMarried Χήροι/εςWidowed 42% 48% 29,8% 59,6% Διαζεσγμένοι/εςDivorced Άγαμοι/εςSingle 4,5% ΔεNot δηλώθηκε Specified 5,3% 4% 5%
Larnaka Municipality National
SOURCE: Department of Statistics, Population census of 2011
24
1 - DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LARNAKA
1.5 DATA ANALYSIS
1.5.1 Growth rates
While observing the growth rate of the population of Larnaka we can conclude that in both the urban area and the rural area it seems to be quite elevated when compared to the districts of Nicosia and Limassol. This can be attributed to the centroidal position of Larnaka and the fact that it has a well developed road network.
The fact that Larnaka is located on the island in a central region undoubtedly offers easy access to Nicosia, Limassol and Famagusta, and even Paphos. Moreover, the International Airport of Larnaka, the port, the industrial zone for oil tanks and refineries, and large infrastructures are located in Larnaka offering adequate jobs for residents of the rural area of Larnaka. Undoubtedly, access to the labor market is a major reason for the increase of population in the rural area.
The balanced relationship in the numbers of urban and rural population in the Larnaka district is mainly explained by the fact that it has a good road network and an economically developed rural area, providing employment opportunities thus retaining population.
Additionally, Larnaka offers lower property values and rent prices compared to other provinces. For this reason, many young couples prefer to live in the Larnaka district than elsewhere. The above reason along with the facts that Larnaka has a lower cost of living and is quieter than the other provinces of Cyprus gives incentives for many Cypriots and foreigners to prefer Larnaka as a place of residence over the other districts.
The risks created by the continuous increase of the population have to do with the consumption of natural resources such as water, which is a valuable commodity on an island such as Cyprus. Another danger is the creation of liquid and solid waste in excess so that it can be difficult and a costly process for recycling.
One drawback to the population growth in the urban area is the crowding observed during recent years by students and workers of foreign origin, mainly in the urban shopping center due to the residency of multiple users on a single premise with the risk of increased crime.
1.5.2 Social profile
Larnaka, like every city has its own local peculiarities and strong ties between expatriates and social ties of mutual support.
The disadvantages observed are: a gradual loss of the specific local and social characteristics, with all the drawbacks of globalization. In addition, this could result in the lack of mechanisms for public information and awareness of other peoples and different cultures with the parallel risk of the increasing influx of economic migrants to magnify social exclusion.
The opportunities created are refining the standards for development and the integration of local characteristics and economic migrants in the labor force of the city.
A negative feature observed in the population of Larnaka is that it has the largest percentage of single people in any Cyprus district. This factor could offset future increases in the local population.
25
1 - DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LARNAKA
1.5.3 Age profile
In Larnaka, as in the rest of the country, life expectancy is considered high while birth rates are low. These trends have inverted the population pyamid and are creating various social and economic disadvantages.
In addition, there is an imbalance in the population structure, such as the concentration of population of the upper age groups in the urban shopping center and the refugee settlements.
The above statements offer opportunities for implementing co-financed programs, which will be the trigger to hold the population and stimulate the local economy, such as incentives for creating new areas for primary residence.
The risks corrolated to the above features are the increasing aging indicators, and increasing trends towards the non-economically active population.
1.5.4 Educational profile and workforce
The educational level in Larnaka both in the urban and in the rural areas is to a great extent in secondary education similar to the average of the country, with a prospect of exploiting new technologies for education and training tailored to local circumstances, but with the risk of relocating of scientific staff to other cities due to lack of opportunities.
Another advantage which Larnaka has is the existence of trained and skilled personnel, especially in the following areas: trade, manufacturing, tourism and construction, trade sectors in which Larnaka has a comparative advantage with a prospect of improving skills and increasing the knowledge of human resources and support for development of the multi-activity of the local workforce.
One disadvantage of the population of Larnaka is the low percentage of the workforce compared to the other cities in the country with consequent higher dependency ratio. As an opportunity, the population in the productive age can be capitalized upon.
Another drawback is the rather high unemployment rate that Larnaka has with the prospect of creating new jobs with an emphasis on the areas of trade, manufacturing, tourism, and construction.
26