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Fall 2007 Report on Mini-Workshop “Bringing MARGINS Science to the Classroom” Cathy Manduca Carleton College
Jeffrey G. Ryan University of South Florida, [email protected]
Don Reed San Jose State University
Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gly_facpub Part of the Geology Commons
Scholar Commons Citation Manduca, Cathy; Ryan, Jeffrey G.; and Reed, Don, "Report on Mini-Workshop “Bringing MARGINS Science to the Classroom”" (2007). Geology Faculty Publications. 156. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gly_facpub/156
This News Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Geology at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Geology Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Published semi-annually by the Workshop to Integrate Subduction MARGINS Office Boston University Department of Earth Sciences Factory and Seismogenic Zone 675 Commonwealth Ave Boston, MA 02215 USA Studies in Central America Heredia, Costa Rica, June 18-22, 2007
Eli Silver1, Terry Plank2 and Peter van Keken3 1UC Santa Cruz; 2Boston University; 3University of Michigan Newsletter # 19, Fall 2007 Figure 1. Participants at the Workshop in Heredia, Costa Rica (courtesy of LeRoy Dorman).
Introduction Costa Rica, the US, Germany, Spain, Italy, Mexico, Norway, Russia, and the
MARGINS Great earthquakes, CO2 and H2O cycling, and their connections across the Czech Republic (Figure 1). Workshop subduction zone, have been the focus of conveners were Eli Silver, Terry Plank, In This Issue: intense international efforts in Central Kaj Hoernle, Marino Protti, Guillermo America for over a decade. This interna- Alvarado, and Victor Gonzales. Fi- MARGINS Workshop Reports tional program has involved geological nancial support was provided by the Central America ...... 1-4 and geophysical studies both on land and National Science Foundation MARGINS From the MARIGNS Chair...... 5-6 off-shore. This intense effort is paying off Program, and the SFB 574 program of MARGINS Workshop Reports Con’t in new discoveries about the driving fac- the German Science Foundation. The GeoHazards in Oregon ...... 8-9 tors for earthquakes in this environment MARGINS office of Geoff Abers, Cary Global Data Network ...... 10-11 Kandel, and Pamela Lezaeta provided and the cycling of water and CO2 from Data Management the oceanic plate through to the explosive invaluable support at all levels for the MGDS Status...... 12 volcanism of the Central American vol- workshop Education and Outreach canic chain. The Costa Rica-Nicaragua The goals of the workshop were to CCLI Mini-Lessons report 14-16 subduction zone is a focus area of the synthesize the data collection efforts, PostDoc biographies...... 17-18 MARGINS themes investigating the discuss their interpretation and model- MARGINS at AGU...... 19 Subduction Factory (SubFac) and the ing efforts, and provide new research Sessions of interest...... 21-25 Seismogenic Zone (SEIZE). directions. There was a strong focus on Ocean Sciences Meeting 2008 the geology and tectonics with ample Sessions of interest...... 25 Workshop in Costa Rica opportunity for hands-on experience. In order to display and discuss the Prior to the meeting, Don Fisher and Tom large amount of research that has oc- Gardner led a three day field trip to study curred in this region a workshop was the tectonics of the fore-arc in southern held June 18-22, 2007, at the Hotel La Costa Rica, adjacent to the subducting Condesa in Heredia, Costa Rica. It was Cocos Ridge. Guillermo Alvarado and attended by about 140 participants from Mike Carr led a four day post-meeting Page MARGINS Newsletter No. 19, Fall 2007 Central America Workshop field trip to examine the northern Costa -86 -85.5 -85 Caribbean Plate Rican volcanoes of Arenal and the Gua- Nicoya 0.10 Peninsula nacaste volcanoes. M CR -2000 AT The workshop was organized into 0.05 Site 5 Site 3 -1 11 Cocos 00 Plate four broad themes: the seismogenic zone, 10 10 0 12 0
05 RMS Noise (residual/mean) system structure and evolution, volatile 13 -40 06 09 fluxes, and hazards. Poster sessions were 00 14 Flow rate (cm/d) -0.05 15 interspersed with oral presentations, and 04 03 07 08 Site 2 02 -2000 9.5 -0.10 10 sufficient space was available to allow all -1000 01 -3 0 0 posters to be viewed for the full meeting. 0 Extensional Site 5 Noise 5 The meeting was opened officially by Dr. Outer Rise Faults Olman Segura, the Chancellor of Uni- 7/21/2000 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 versidad Nacional, Dr. Roberto Dobles, 9 Days since 1/1/2000 the minister of Environment and Energy and Dr. Gabriel Macaya, president of the Figure 2. From Brown et al., 2005. Left: Continuous fluid flux instruments (numbers) along Costa Rica Academy of Sciences. They with seismic stations (triangles) were deployed offshore the Nicoya Peninsula. Right: Strong were followed by several keynote talks correlation of flow rates and seismic noise were found at stations tens of kilometers apart, given by Guillermo Alvarado, Marino highly suggestive of transient, but wide spread, tectonic strain events within the toe of the forearc. Protti, Kaj Hoernle, and Geoff Abers. Following each theme, an extended open the Nicoya Peninsula, has large (M=7.7) slow slip events that propagate from deep session allowed a wide range of discus- fast earthquakes every ~50 years or so, to shallow levels of the seismogenic zone sion of these topics, and the final after- and at present is quiet but showing sig- and are synchronous with onland strain noon was a wrap-up discussion, giving nificant elastic strain buildup for the next transients (Figure 2). Such sequences all participants opportunity to state their event. Central Costa Rica is affected by may ultimately prove to be important fac- views and raise issues. A full program and a number of large seamounts and has tors in understanding the events leading list of participants is available at http:// frequent fast earthquakes up to M=6.5. to major earthquakes. www.nsf-margins.org/CostaRica2007. In southern Costa Rica the Cocos Ridge Temperature appears to provide one A significant number of research papers subducts, which drives M>7 events every main control on the up-dip limit of the will be part of a special Theme on the 40 years or so. Understanding the nature seismogenic zone. While there was Central American Subduction System of of the mechanical coupling between agreement that the previously proposed Geochemistry, Geophysics and Geosys- these features in the seismogenic zone smectite-to-illite transition fails as an tems (G-Cubed). Below we summarize is the subject of much observational and explanation, new hypotheses include some of the key observations, hypotheses laboratory effort, and plans are well un- other diagenetic reactions, silica mo- and problems discussed within each of derway to drill into this zone as part of bilization and fluid pressure effects to the themes. the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program. explain onset temperatures in the range Seismogenic Zone A very new discovery is the presence of of 125° to 200°C. An interesting test of this concept was observed along the Earthquakes in Nicaragua and Costa Nicoya peninsula, just inboard of a Rica closely follow the variations in ba- thymetry and structure of the incoming Figure 3. Correlated segmentation in the Cocos and Nazca plates. Nicaragua has geochemical composition (Zr/Nb) of the had earthquakes with variable size and volcanic arc, and the depth to the seis- source duration, from small, rapid (or mically-defined subducting slab. Zr/Nb normal earthquakes) to large (M=7.7) is a measure of Nb depletion, one of the “slow” or “tsunami” earthquakes, unique features of subduction volcanism worldwide, and may relate to the dif- such as the 1992 event that generated ferent contributions of slab and wedge a damaging tsunami much larger than material controlled by pathlength from would be predicted from the size of the the slab to the volcano. Geochemical earthquake. The incoming plate has data and figure from Bolge (2005) and scattered small seamounts and large Bolge et al. (2006). Depth to the slab offsets of the lower plate as it flexes from Syracuse and Abers (2006). and descends beneath the continental slope. Northern Costa Rica, offshore of Central America Workshop MARGINS Newsletter No. 19, Fall 2007 Page
that Costa Rica, having no 10Be, rids 0 itself of this material by scraping off the 20 incoming sediments prior to reaching 40 the zone of melting, but seismic studies 60 and drilling have documented that all in- 80 coming material bypasses the lowermost 100 120 slope, and in fact the continental slope
Depth [km] 140 has subsided significantly over the past 6 160 Myr, implying a high value of subduction 180 erosion of the upper plate. Thus not only 200 is much of the incoming material brought Vp/Vs down to great depths but also material that formed the edge of the Costa Rican 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 mainland has been removed by as much as 50 km during this period. A key question for the Subduction Factory is how continental crust is generated. In Central America, silicic
m] ignimbrites are voluminous and their formation may be a key process in the differentiation of the continental crust. The ignimbrites share a genetic relation- Depth [k ship with the mafic volcanoes, owing to their similar trace element and isotopic ratios, and partial melting is favored over fractional crystallization for their origin. Distance [km] Other geochemical features of the volca- noes are segmented along strike (Figure 3), correlating with the total path length from the volcano to the subducting slab. A large seismic refraction experiment is Figure 4. Seismic tomography comparison in Central Nicaragua for Vp/Vs (Syracuse et al., underway to ascertain the volumetric sig- 2006) and attenuation 1000/Qs (Rychert et al., 2006) from the TUCAN seismic deployment. nificance of ignimbrites, and the crustal The region below the volcanic front shows high Vp/Vs and 1000/Qs suggesting the presence architecture that affects how magma of fluids that rise from the slab interface at ~100 km depth. makes its way to the surface. in measured heat flow on the incoming fecting the mechanics of convergence, Volatiles oceanic plate. Here the depth to the shal- and ultimately the recycling of materi- Another possibility for explaining the lowest part of the earthquake generation als back to the surface through volcanic changes in geochemistry is differences zone is deeper to the northwest, where activity. Central America has long been in amount of water carried to depth, al- the heat flow is abnormally low. The considered an ideal laboratory for study- lowing these fluids to flux through the change occurs abruptly across the con- ing this process because of the exciting down-going material, scavenging ele- tact between subducting crust generated findings 20 years ago that volcanoes in ments such as 10Be and bringing them to at the East Pacific Rise (to the NW) and Nicaragua contained the highest values the surface in the erupting magmas. The 10 that generated at the Galapagos Spread- of Be measured from any volcano, and water contents of Nicaragua magmas are ing Center. that these values decrease in each direc- among the highest in the world. These tion, with Costa Rica showing very low magmas have unusually low δ18O and System Structure and values. 10Be forms in the atmosphere and high Ba/La and low H2O/Cl, pointing Evolution has a half-life of 1.5 Myr, meaning that to an unusual flux from the subducting The seismogenic zone is just the very high values in the arc require rapid plate. New seismic tomographic stud- shallowest part of the subduction fac- sedimentation to the trench and most of ies show striking differences in seismic tory, where incoming rocks and fluids the incoming material must be carried to velocity of the down-going upper mantle are carried to great depth, strongly af- the zone of magma generation beneath rocks beneath Central America. Beneath the volcanic chain. One might suppose Page MARGINS Newsletter No. 19, Fall 2007 Central America Workshop
Nicaragua, seismic velocities are reduced fluids and the high temperature required 3) Sea floor and on-land observatories in these mantle rocks by about 5%, which for the melting of carbonated material. to develop continuous and integrated could correspond to as much as 12-17% The implications for the carbon cycle and records of strain, fluid flow and volcanic serpentinization of these mantle rocks, long-term climate change on the planet emissions; whereas no such change is noted beneath may be profound. 4) Magnetotelluric imaging for melt and northern Costa Rica. The serpentinized fluid distribution; plate may thus provide a major source Hazards 5) Critical laboratory and field mea- for transporting volatiles and driving Many of these studies have direct im- surements of devolatilization reactions mantle melting beneath the arc. Seismic plications for geological hazard assess- between the downdip extent of the seis- tomography shows a low S-velocity re- ment for Central America. Earthquake mogenic zone and the onset of melting in gion vertically beneath the Nicaraguan and tsunami studies have clear implica- the downgoing plate (200-750°C). volcanoes that may indicate a rising mass tions, as does the understanding of vol- We are still at an early stage in of wet melts (Figure 4). These studies cano explosivity and eruption frequency. translating scientific observations to the have involved passive seismic deploy- Studies of tephrachronology have added assessment of hazards associated with ments that use arrays of seismometers significantly to our understanding of large population centers located within with natural earthquakes as seismic large eruptions that have occurred near this dynamic province, and the next de- modern population centers and continued cade should focus on these topics. We are still at an early seismic, geodetic and satellite monitor- ing are essential to any efforts at hazard References stage in translating scien- mitigation. There is much infrastruc- Bolge, L., Constraining the magmatic sources tific observations to the ture in place and long-term time-series of Hawaiian and Central American vol- assessment of hazards as- observations are well underway. As a canos. Ph.D. thesis. Rutgers University, result of the intensive studies over the 281 pp, 2005. sociated with large popu- past decade in Central America, many Bolge, L.L., M.J. Carr, M.D. Feigenson, F.N. students have received extensive training Lindsay, and K. Milidaki, High Field lations centers Strength Elements Reflect Segmentation and some have now moved into positions of the Central American Volcanic Front, of authority. Education and training may Eos Trans. AGU, 87(52), Fall Meet. sources. Further studies are planned to well have been a most significant result Suppl., Abstract V52B-02, 2006. carry out active source experiments to of these programs. Brown, K.M., M.D. Tryon, H.R. DeShon, test and refine these results. L.M. Dorman, and S.Y. Schwartz, Cor- An important aspect of the incoming Ongoing and Future Work related transient fluid pulsing and seismic materials on the Cocos Plate is the pres- In summary, geophysical, petrologic, tremor in the Costa Rica subduction zone, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 238, 189-203, ence of over 200 m of carbonate rocks and geochemical studies in and offshore 2005. that continually subduct beneath the Central America have produced significant margin. This process removes carbon Rychert, C. A., K. M. Fischer, G. A. Abers, breakthroughs in understanding the nature E. Syracuse, M. Protti, V. Gonzalez, W. from the earth’s surface and transports of the seismogenic zone, the cycling of Strauch, Along-arc variations in attenua- it to the Earth’s deep interior. Decarbon- water and CO2 through the subduction tion in the Nicaragua-Costa Rica Mantle ation reactions in the slab may reverse the system, the tectonic development of the Wedge, EOS Trans. AGU, Fall Meet. downward flux of carbon and allow some Central American subduction system, and Suppl., abst. T23C-0503, 2006. portion to recycle back to the surface in the creation of continental crust. Syracuse, E.M., and G.A. Abers (2006), magmas and gases. New geochronologi- Programs yet remaining to be Global compilation of variations in slab cal studies of lavas and tephras through- accomplished include: depth beneath arc volcanoes and implica- out Central America have improved tions, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 7, 1) Offshore geodesy to constrain the estimates for the volume flux of erupted Q05017, doi:10.1029/2005GC001045. location of the locked portion of the material. These flux data, combined with Syracuse, E.M., G.A. Abers, L. Auger, G. seismogenic zone; Reyes, J. Brewer, K.M. Fischer, J.M. volatile data from melt inclusions, fuma- 2) Scientific ocean drilling, to discover Protti, V. Gonzales, W. Strauch, Seismic rolic measurements and remote sensing, the processes involved in generation Velocities and Earthquake Locations demonstrate that H O may be balanced 2 of earthquakes in a subduction zone in the Central America Upper Mantle: across the margin to within 80%, but that undergoing tectonic erosion, to better results from the TUCAN Experiment, CO is not, with as little as 10-30% of the 2 understand the fluid flow pathways in EOS Trans. AGU, Fall Meet. Suppl., abst. input accounted for in volcanic fluxes. T21G-04, 2006. such a margin, and to ground-truth the Such inefficient recycling is consistent enormous amount of geophysical data with the low solubility of CO in slab 2 that now exists; MARGINS Newsletter No. 19, Fall 2007 Page MARGINS Chair Report Fall 2007 Geoffrey Abers Boston University
As this Newsletter shows, the last several shop held Nov. 6-10, 2007 in Honolulu nal program was conceived as a decadal months have been packed full of MAR- represent some of the first MARGINS venture ending in 2009. Although some GINS-related meetings. Their diversity synthesis workshops. Both result from final work may persist past that date there reflects the broad spectrum of activities international partnership, cosponsored by will be a thorough NSF review then, now under the MARGINS umbrella. All major programs in Germany and Japan and any successor program would have have had an excellent turnout; all have respectively, so that 35-45% of partici- to emerge from that process. A succes- had busy programs and more applicants pants were from outside the U.S. One sor program is by no means guaranteed than anticipated. This trend reflects a healthy development at the Costa Rica and will require some vision. Over the healthy program, but also a heavy work- workshop was a broad scientific dialog coming months we expect to work with load placed on the Office staff, and I am between U.S., German and other re- NSF to elucidate the review process, but thankful that Cary and Pamela stepped searchers, leading to several new collabo- many preparatory activities are now un- up admirably. rations. For several years the German derway. The first is to document success Another sign of program success has SFB 574 program has been developing and identify critical research needs, and been the rapidly growing number of pub- data sets on volatiles, geochemistry, and the two subduction workshops this year lications either supported by MARGINS marine geophysics that nicely comple- started that process. They also provided or engendered by MARGINS activities. ment the U.S. efforts, and it is great to a forum for broaching the subject of the The list of large publications (p. 20) see integration taking place. Another future, and helped set parts of the com- includes several monographs such as the constructive dialog took place between munity in motion – a final session at both SEIZE volume just published (p. 13), the SEIZE and SubFac communities. It workshops was dedicated to the long- and a series of Special Issues or Themes is becoming clear that deep connections term future of MARGINS. As one result, at major journals. Every Initiative is exist between these two Initiatives; for a major SEIZE Integrative Workshop represented. Another metric is the rap- example, volatile transport drives vol- is being organized for September 2008 idly-growing number of regular articles canism, may cause tremor, and probably (stay tuned to the web page for details!). in top journals, including Nature and regulates slip episodes. A RCL Future Mini-Workshop will take Science, featuring MARGINS research. The Mini-Lesson workshop described place the day before AGU (see p. 7). I en- We are starting a master reference list to on p. 14-16 represents a new direction for courage those interested in leading other be available soon on the web page, so MARGINS. Thanks to separate funding critical planning and synthesis efforts to please if you publish something that is from NSF’s Division of Undergraduate step forward and contact me with ideas. in some way a MARGINS product and Education and collaboration with the One major topic of conversation is want it included, let the Office know. SERC infrastructure, we are able to or- the future of the Focus Site model. Con- Several major field programs are mak- ganize web-based teaching modules that centrating resources at one site makes ing progress. September 2007 marked highlight MARGINS research for the interdisciplinary problem-solving pos- the beginning of Chikyu scientific drill- undergraduate classroom. Their develop- sible on a big scale, leading to progress ing at Nankai under the NanTroSeize ment is completely community driven, in understanding these complex systems. program. Planning for this effort began and I encourage anyone who is interested The success of this model is demon- over a decade ago and a large fraction of to consider contributing a Mini-Lesson; strated by the recent high level and qual- the SEIZE community is involved, so it see p. 15-16 for examples and instruc- ity of scientific output, much of it truly is a major milestone. Also, final prepa- tions. One interesting development is the interdisciplinary in nature. However, rations of the R/V Marcus Langseth are convergence with the Data Management many feel that the time may have come underway this fall, and we hope to see system; many tools developed to access to move to a more thematic program critical cruises in coming months such as data, such as GeoMapApp, turn out to be structure, and perhaps Focus Sites have the Costa Rica active source experiment. excellent educational resources served their purpose. One approach may To highlight these and other advances, be to take what has been learned within we plan to continue a series of Initiative The Future Focus Sites to frame key questions, and Summaries in the next Newsletter. develop program Themes around them. I would like to highlight two of the As discussed here in the Spring 2007 This change in approach will be open to many workshops. The Costa Rica work- Newsletter, MARGINS will soon face much debate; one counter-argument is shop (p. 1-4) and a parallel IBM work- some fundamental changes. The origi- that certain critical long-term data sets Page MARGINS Newsletter No. 19, Fall 2007 Chair Report require continuity and some projects have Committee this fall. John Swenson pro- and enjoyable years at Boston University, long lead times (e.g., drilling), favoring vides ties to the Source-to-Sink modeling I am moving to a position at Lamont- continued work at some current sites. community and an important bridge to Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia At the same time, there is benefit to the new Community Surface Dynamics University effective January 2008. This haveing some program focus that utilizes Modeling System initiative. Cindy Ebin- has been a very difficult decision, there the major new facilities provided by ger is one of the leading geophysicists are many wonderful things about being EarthScope and the Ocean Observatory working on active rifting and East Africa. at BU and I will miss many of my col- Initiative, both concentrated in the U.S. Nathan Bangs has long worked with leagues. I will continue as MARGINS These facilities provide unparalleled new MARGINS analyzing the multichannel Chair so the Office will move to Lamont tools for studying continental margin seismic imaging needed to unravel thrust at the same time, back after a 4 year evolution, and NSF is deeply invested in zone structures. Demian Saffer crosses absence. Unfortunately, neither MAR- their success. MARGINS could provide the bridge between laboratory friction GINS Office staff member can move; one scientific framework to address some measurements, modeling and in situ Pamela Lezaeta has already taken another major questions using these facilities. sampling of forearcs. Together these four position in the private sector, and Cary EarthScope has just opened its first Na- form a key component of the leadership Kandel is heading to graduate school. So tional Office, and we are fortunate that that will take MARGINS through the sadly I say goodbye to Pamela and Cary, it is under the leadership of MARGINS Decadal Review. At the same time, it is they have been hugely helpful in getting Steering Committee member Anne sad to say goodbye to several members the BU Office off the ground and suc- Trehu, so we anticipate excellent working who are rotating off or stepping down, cessfully running several major events. relations there (unfortunately, because Juli Morgan, Liz Screaton, Roger Buck Thanks! My first duty at the new Office of this commitment Anne is leaving the and Anne Trehu. They all have been is to hire new staff – please refer the ad MSC early). dedicated contributors and have provided in this issue to anybody you think may Changes effective leadership, and I thank them for be interested. their efforts. Lastly, the Office is undergoing an I am pleased to welcome several new unexpected move. After eight productive members to the MARGINS Steering
MARGINS OFFICE POSITION
The MARGINS Office seeks new management staff starting January 2008. The position will be at the Lamont- Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, in Palisades, New York, where the Office is moving through Oct. 2009. The Office fosters and facilitates activities of the NSF-MARGINS program, and provides a focal point for the planning, organization, communication and interaction with the Earth Science community. This staff member will manage the day-to-day operation of the Office, and serves as scientific assistant to the Chair. Duties include scientific interaction with researchers around the world; writing content for, editing and distributing newsletters, reports, and meeting minutes; developing materials and managing content for the MARGINS web site; providing some technical assistance for web site; overseeing meeting logistics including on-site support and budget monitoring; coordinating and participating in Steering Committee working groups; and researching and drafting science policy documents. The staffer also serves as primary liaison with the Data Management system, and coordinates some education and outreach efforts. A PhD or MS in Earth Sciences or related discipline preferred. Well-developed organizational and communication skills are necessary. Must be able to travel to national and international meetings. Helpful qualifications include expertise in web design and management; experience with administration including supervision of at least one person; experience with science education and outreach projects. Inquiries should be directed to Dr. Geoffrey Abers, MARGINS Chair, [email protected]. Interested candidates should submit a letter of interest, CV and names and contact information for three references. MARGINS Newsletter No. 19, Fall 2007 Page
MARGINS Mini-Workshops at AGU
“The Future of the NSF-MARGINS Initiative Rifting Continental Lithosphere (RCL)” A pre-AGU activity: Sunday, December 9, 2007, 9:00 am - 5:00 pm Metropolitan 3 Ballroom, The Westin San Francisco Market Street (50 Third St.) Co-convenors: Paul Umhoefer1 and Roger Buck2 1Northern Arizona University, [email protected]; 2Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, ldeo.columbia.edu
Recent advances in understanding the rifting process have come from studies in the MARGINS-RCL focus site in the Gulf of California as well as through research in many rifts. This workshop will bring together geoscientists that work on the processes and sites of rifting continental lithosphere to discuss the status of RCL research and ideas for possible future directions of RCL within a potential successor program to MARGINS. The program will include a review of advances in research in the Gulf of Cali- fornia focus site, the status of research in selected rifts, and RCL-related modeling. We will consider if the focus site paradigm is the best for the future, and how best to get broader community input into the RCL planning process. For more information, see the web page http://www.nsf-margins.org/AGU2007. Please confirm your attendance by e-mailing the conveners at the addresses above.
“Data Resources for the Geosciences” A pre-AGU activity: Sunday, December 9, 2007, 2:00 - 5:00 pm City Room, The Westin San Francisco Market Street (50 Third St.) Conveners: Andrew Goodwillie1 and Kerstin Lehnert2 1Marine Geoscience Data System and 2Geoinformatics for Geochemistry; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia U.
Join us for an informal introduction to cool, free data resources: GeoMapApp (a data visualiza- tion and exploration tool) and the on-line geochemistry database systems EarthChem, PetDB, and SedDB. Demonstrations of these systems will be given, followed by hands-on exercises. Bring your laptop! This workshop is free! Refreshments provided. To see these data tools, visit www. geomappapp.org, www.marine-geo.org and www.geoinfogeochem.org. Workshop places allocat- ed on a first-come, first-serve basis with limited places reserved for students.
SIGN UP TODAY for this free workshop by emailing [email protected] Workshop attendance limited to 25 people. Page MARGINS Newsletter No. 19, Fall 2007
Addressing Geologic Hazards Through Ocean Drilling Workshop August 26-30, 2007, Portland, Oregon USA
Julia Morgan1, Eli Silver2, Angelo Camberlenghi3, Brandon Dugan1, Steve Kirby4, Craig Shipp5 and Kiyoshi Suyehiro6 1Rice University; 2UC Santa Cruz; 3Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; 4United States Geological Survey; 5Shell International E&P Inc.; 6Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
Introduction and comet impacts in the ocean basins efforts to study geohazards in the ocean have the potential of raising tsunamis of setting, integrating site surveys, observa- Earthquakes, volcanoes, and land- extraordinary power that can potentially tory studies, in-situ characterization and slides are rivaled only by the biggest threaten huge sections of coastlines with monitoring, and coring, to better con- and most devastating tropical storms in growing populations. strain the locations, magnitudes, recur- Asia in their destructive power in heav- These facts provide persuasive ar- rence, and duration of hazardous events. ily populated coastal and near-coastal guments for a commitment of IODP An important outcome of the meeting regions. That such events have impacts resources to scientific drilling to better was a mandate to include geohazards in and spatial reaches at the scale of ocean understand oceanic geohazards. Such the updated Initial Science Plan of IODP. basins was forcefully shown by the an effort will have great societal rel- Presently, geohazards are included as events following the magnitude Mw 9.2 evance, and would help obtain public peripheral objectives, although several giant earthquake of 26 December 2004 and political support for increasing and IODP efforts already address critical geo- off the coast of Aceh Province in northern sustaining IODP in the coming years. hazards concerns (e.g., NanTroSEIZE). A Sumatra. This earthquake ruptured 1200 With these concerns in mind, an IODP Geohazards component of IODP would km of the Sunda (Indonesia) subduction workshop on Geohazards was held at also be strongly complementary to those boundary and launched a succession of McMenamins Edgefield, outside Port- of other research entities, including the tsunami waves that destroyed coastal land, Oregon from August 27 – 30, 2007. NSF-MARGINS Program, and national communities over much of the northern A primary objective of the workshop hazards programs, because scientific Indian Ocean Basin. Such events threaten was to document how scientific drilling drilling is a unique tool that provides coastal economies near where they occur, could provide fundamental information ground truth like no other approach. and also regional economies at distances on the frequency and magnitudes of these Workshop conveners were Julia of many thousands of kilometers. Smaller destructive events, and scientific insights Morgan and Eli Silver, and the steering earthquakes and landslides unrelated to into their spatial and temporal variability committee consisted of Angelo Cam- subduction also have the additional po- and underlying physics that govern this erlenghi, Brandon Dugan, Steve Kirby, tential to create hazards for local coastal variability. At the workshop, 89 scientists Craig Shipp, and Kiyoshi Suyehiro. Fi- communities, as well as for oil and gas from 18 different countries came together nancial support was provided by IODP, production in deep water. Finally, the to review the community knowledge of MARGINS, InterMARGINS, and ESF. prehistoric record suggests that less earthquake, submarine landslide, vol- common large-volume volcanic col- cano, and tsunami hazards. One point of Workshop Program lapses and rare extraterrestrial meteorite consensus was the need for coordinated The four-day workshop consisted of three days of presentations and discus- sions, and a full-day field trip led by Jon Major of the US Geological Survey, Cas- cades Volcano Observatory, to Mount St. Helens, giving participants an excellent detailed view of the anatomy of volcano collapse and its hydrologic effects. Four broad research themes involving oceanic hazards and tsunami generation were discussed: 1) great earthquakes; 2) volcano collapse and explosive eruptions; 3) submarine landslides; and 4) geohazards in other settings, such as rifted and transform Figure 1. Workshop participants at Mount St. Helens, WA (courtesy of Julia Morgan). margins, and bolide impacts. A fifth theme focused on observatories and miti- IODP Workshop on Geohazards MARGINS Newsletter No. 19, Fall 2007 Page gation technologies. At the workshop, triggers, and mechanisms, and (C) read- (3) What is the recurrence of major each theme was represented by sev- ing the sedimentary record. The outcomes deformation events (earthquakes, land- eral talks followed by open discussion. of the break-out sessions were discussed slides), and how does this relate to long- Posters for each theme were available by the entire group in plenary session the term natural cycles? throughout the meeting. Clearly, many following day, outlining some key ques- (4) Can we measure or predict tsunami- of the topics discussed have strong link- tions and drilling objectives, summarized genic seafloor deformation? ages with the MARGINS initiatives, in below. (5) What are the appropriate inputs for particular, SEIZE, S2S, and RCL. As an A. Sea Floor Deformation encompassed dynamic models for tsunami genera- example, Harold Tobin gave an excel- surface and subsurface structure and tion? lent introduction and status review of deformation associated with seafloor (6) Where are the most effective offshore the MARGINS-related NanTroSEIZE movements, with particular emphasis on locations to constrain competing defor- drilling program, which began in Sep- their tsunamigenic potential. mation models together with onshore tember 2007 and has strong geohazards observations? applications. Key questions include: Potential observational strategies: The group then divided into three (1) How does seafloor deformation relate (1) Integrated site-survey and drilling breakout sessions to examine broad to subsurface structures and their evolu- studies to characterize subsurface struc- themes common to many of the topics tion? ture and stratigraphy, and to constrain and settings discussed during the work- (2) Can we characterize the full defor- pre- and post failure configurations. shop. These were organized as: (A) sea mation cycle in recurrent tsunamigenic (2) Placement of long-term borehole floor deformation, (B) preconditioning, settings? observatories to monitor geodetic and continued on page 26 MARGINS Student and Community Reception AGU Fall Meeting 2007 With Comments on the MARGINS Program’s status from NSF Program officers and MARGINS Chair, Geoff Abers
MARGINS will host a Reception at the AGU Fall Meeting on the evening of Monday, December 10 at 6 PM in the San Francisco, Marriott Hotel, Yerba Buena Salon 7. The Reception is an open event, welcoming participants in MARGINS-funded studies and all others with an interest in the program. As in the previous year, students entrants of the MARGINS Student Prize for Outstanding Presentation are welcome to display their posters and discuss their research with the scientific community attending. This will be a great opportunity for them to further share their results and interact with a wide spectrum of MARGINS scientists. This year, students of poster entrants will be judged at this event for consider- ation in the MARGINS Student Prize Award (see announcement on page 19). There will be ample time to mingle, with food and drink courtesy of Boston University and its MARGINS Office. Among those present will be Geoff Abers (MARGINS Chair), members of the MARGINS Steer- ing Committee, and Program Managers for MARGINS from the National Science Foundation (NSF). Geoff Abers and NSF Program Mangers will use this event as an opportunity to welcome those present, introduce the students with poster presentations, and update the community on MARGINS funding and other issues, giving the choice to close the event with an open discussion on the future directions of the MARGINS program beyond its current 10 years of funded awards. Page 10 MARGINS Newsletter No. 19, Fall 2007
Workshop Report: Building a Global Data Network for Studies of Earth Processes at the World’s Plate Boundaries May 9-11, 2007, Kiel, Germany
Suzanne Carbotte1, Kerstin Lehnert1, Seiji Tsuboi2 and Willi Weinrebe3 1LDEO, Columbia University, USA; 2IFREE-JAMSTEC, Japan; 3IFM-GEOMAR, Germany Introduction The geographically focused investi- gations of the MARGINS program have benefited greatly from the active involve- ment of international partners in sharing knowledge, providing access to existing data resources, and facilitating new data acquisition within territorial boundaries. The scientifically aligned InterMAR- GINS program is a truly international program that aims to coordinate efforts and priorities across nations in continen- tal margins research. At present there are no formal agreements within these pro- grams for data sharing between foreign partners, and data exchange occurs pri- marily by informal agreements between scientists directly involved in specific Figure 1. Participants at the Workshop in Kiel, Germany (courtesy of Pamela Lezaeta). projects. However, significant benefits to these marine-terrestrial geoscience and challenges for international data on technological as well as organiza- research efforts internationally could be exchange to support marine geoscience tional and cultural issues of global data achieved if data collections maintained as research broadly, the workshop entitled exchange and were organized into four national efforts could be better linked and “Building a Global Data Network for themes: Science User Needs & Concerns; if broader access were initiated. Rapid Studies of Earth Processes at the World’s Data Documentation and Publication; advances have occurred over the past Plate Boundaries” was convened May Data and Metadata Interoperability; decade in Information Technology for 9-11, 2007, in Kiel Germany. The work- Opportunities and Obstacles for Inter- scientific research, providing new access shop was jointly sponsored and funded national Data Sharing. From the work- to data from distributed data resources by MARGINS, InterMARGINS, Inter- ing group sessions, participants reached and new tools for data visualization and Ridge and Ridge2000. The US National agreement on a number of recommenda- integration. Along with these advances Science Foundation and the German tions, broadly summarized here: in Information Technology has come project “The Future Ocean” provided • Open public access to data is funda- the growth of digital data collections for additional financial support. Seventy- mental to verifiable scientific progress. a broad suite of data across the sciences. one people from 14 countries attended All data that are necessary to reproduce These advances hold great promise for the workshop, including scientists from published scientific results need to be the solid earth sciences, an inherently the InterMARGINS and InterRidge com- published and archived in accepted ar- multi-national and multi-disciplinary munities, data managers, and information chives. Earth scientists require access to field, which involves the collection of technologists. multidisciplinary data and data integrated typically unique data sets during oceanic The meeting agenda included presen- from both the marine and terrestrial and terrestrial expeditions and subse- tations on science needs for data access, world. quent laboratory work conducted by on existing data centers or data resources • Uniform best practices and standards research institutions around the globe. relevant for continental margins and mid- need to be developed, promoted and used International Workshop ocean ridge research, and on emerging routinely within the international com- technologies for data interoperability and munity for data acquisition, data submis- To explore current opportunities sharing. Working group sessions focused sion to data centers, and data publication. Global Data Network MARGINS Newsletter No. 19, Fall 2007 Page 11
Best practices should include the use of such as GEOSS, the eGY, and ICSU cated task group is needed to advance the globally unique identifiers for data and should be leveraged to promote an initia- implementation of a global data network samples. New automated tools that sup- tive for a global data network for marine along with special interest groups to port metadata acquisition at sea, in the and terrestrial geoscience data. A dedi- share experience and solutions on issues field, and in the lab are needed to further concerning metadata and interfaces. the implementation of best practices. • To support interoperability across Online publication distributed data resources, the commu- Further information about the meeting nity must minimize the proliferation of is available at the meeting website (http:// metadata standards and work toward a www.nsf-margins.org/Datawkshp07/), uniform approach for scientific meta- including powerpoint presentations and data building upon the work of existing one page summaries with URLs for each community-based projects. Data centers of the data systems/resources represented should work to expose their data re- at the meeting. A workshop report is sources via web services to enable data available for download from the meet- access through programmatic interfaces ing website (Fig. 2); contact margins@ and broader range of options for data nsf-margins.org for a hard copy. analysis and visualization. Figure 2. Cover Page of the extended Work- • International programs and bodies shop report available online.
Call for Interdisciplinary MARGINS Mini-workshop Proposals
The MARGINS Office (MO) and Steering Committee aim to support efforts that expedite synthesis of results from MARGINS science in the various focus areas and initiatives. To this end, MO offers to help MARGINS funded investigators organize and fund mini-workshops held at national meetings for the purpose of bringing together a group of multi-disciplinary investigators to synthesize results to date. Such mini-workshops can be associated with GSA, AGU, or other national meetings at which your research area is well represented. They can be 2-4 hour workshops one evening after sessions, or half-day to day-long sessions before or after the meeting. They can bring together multiple investigators from a single Focus Site or from both Focus Sites within an Initiative, or can address a theme that transcends initiatives, according to what makes the most scientific sense and where there is the greatest need. Visit http://www.miniworkshops.html for descriptions of past mini-workshops and complete guidelines. If you are interested in hosting a mini-workshop, coordinate with your colleagues, and then send the MARGINS Office a 1-2 page outline of your meeting plan as soon as possible ([email protected]). Requests should generally come not later than 3 months ahead of the meeting. The MARGINS Steering Committee (MSC) will review the submitted proposal before MO will agree to support a synthesis mini-workshop. Your write-up should include: • Scientific rationale for the meeting and reasons for its timeliness. • Evidence that a wide group of interdisciplinary researchers would be able to attend. • A draft scientific program for the mini-workshop. • The national meeting with which the mini-workshop would be associated. • The format (evening, half-day or full day, pre- or post-meeting) desired and acceptable dates • Size of meeting envisioned. • Anticipated cost items (meeting space, refreshments, A/V equipment, etc.). Note that a detailed budget for these costs is not initially required, and travel or lodging costs for participants cannot not be provided. There are some ground rules intended to maximize the benefit of such workshops to a larger scientific community. MO will provide the cost of a meeting room, presentation equipment and non-alcoholic refreshments, and will assist the meeting conveners in the logistical arrangements. The MO will not support travel, lodging, alcoholic refreshments, or other disallowed costs. Conveners are responsible for developing the science program and communicating with workshop participants on scientific matters. Any MO supported mini-workshop will be open to all interested parties and will be advertised via the MARGINS mailing list and website. Workshop conveners will provide a brief write-up of the major results of the meeting for dissemination via MARGINS website and newsletter. The MARGINS Office and Steering Committee(visit http://www.nsf-margins.org/holdmeeting.html for more information) Page 12 MARGINS Newsletter No. 19, Fall 2007 Status Report on the MARGINS Data Portal October 2007 Andrew Goodwillie and the MARGINS Database Team Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University
The MARGINS database group created to IRIS and UNAVCO for access GeoMapApp, a platform-independent (http://www.marine-geo.org/margins/) to seismic and geodetic data. Java application, can be downloaded for would like to thank the following in- New Developments free from http://www.geomapapp.org vestigators for contributing information We registered more than 30 MGDS and data since the last newsletter report Improved functionality and expanded rock and sample data sets in the NSF for a number of MARGINS-funded field data content continue to be added to System for Earth Sample Registration programs. the GeoMapApp data exploration and (SESAR), http://www.geosamples.org) In the Gulf of California area, a full visualisation application. A set of mul- and upgraded our MGDS Web Feature suite of digital data has been received timedia audio-visual tutorials that high- Service to include the SESAR Interna- from Lonsdale for his seismic and rock light the capabilities of GeoMapApp tional Geo Sample Number (IGSN). sampling cruises, DANA01RR, DAN- can be viewed with any web browser. A02RR, DANA07RR, DANA08RR. The MGDS Global Multi-Resolution Workshops OBS recovery information and cruise With funding from MARGINS and details have been added to the database We welcome contributions Ridge, a successful workshop (http:// for Gaherty’s SCOOBA2NH cruise. Gor- www.nsf-margins.org/Datawkshp07/) man provided bathymetric coastal survey from both marine and with attendees from numerous countries data files for cruise BAJA02NH. land programs. was organised in Kiel in May 2007 to For the Papua New Guinea Focus promote the international exchange of Site, EM3000 swath data files for Naar’s data (see page 10). In April 2007, we took high-resolution bathymetric survey part in the highly-productive MARGINS are now available. Raw CTD data for Topography (GMRT) which underlies Education Mini-Lessons workshop (see VANC13MV, and sound velocity data GeoMapApp has been updated with page 14). We will be holding data re- for cruises VANC13-16MV, VANC27- new grids and swath bathymetry, and sources workshops at the Fall meetings 30MV were also received from Naar. a new Google Earth overlay was de- of GSA (October 2007) and AGU (see ad McNinch contributed details of the veloped to allow native access to these on page 7). small-boat sediment coring operations GMRT tiles (http://www.marine-geo. We welcome new contributions of in 2006 for Waipaoa New Zealand. org/Data4GoogleEarth.html). In col- data from your MARGINS-funded work. Basic database entries for the land- laboration with the Lamont Borehole A packet of standardised metadata forms based IBM projects of Kent and Plank Research Group, we incorporated into to capture information for the database on have been created. Also in this area, ship GeoMapApp a new Web Feature Service the land-based field programs and cruises track navigation and digital gravity data for IODP borehole logs with live links is available for download from http:// files have been added for cruise MGL- to on-line log data for more than 500 www.marine-geo.org/metadata_forms. N08MV (Hilton). holes and over 150 expeditions from html. The 2002 Costa Rica and Nicaragua the entire history of DSDP-ODP-IODP For upcoming field programs, we ask land-based field rock sampling program logging. Updated rock geochemistry PIs to identify one person who will be re- of Carr, including field sample descrip- data from the EarthChem database for sponsible for liaising with the MARGINS tions, can now be viewed. Basic database each of the Focus Sites can be accessed database group for the field program. entries for Carr’s 2005 work, and the through GeoMapApp with the capability Contact us (http://www.marine-geo. Eiler (2001) and Walker (2004) terrestrial to plot samples in map view, to colour and org/contact.html) prior to your upcom- rock sampling and analysis projects are scale the symbols based upon selected ing field expedition and we will help available. International collaborators geochemical parameters, and graph identify what metadata forms are needed Barckhausen, Weinrebe and Ranero geochemical variables. The interfaces for to document your field program. We are provided to the MARGINS database viewing multi-channel and single-chan- actively seeking contributions from land their gridded compilations of magnetic nel seismic profiles have been enhanced. programs and for older programs, both anomalies and multibeam bathymetry for Users can import their own grids and marine and land. Central America. Direct links have been data tables and build customised maps. MARGINS Newsletter No. 19, Fall 2007 Page 13
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For a complete list of MARGIN book series visit www.nsf-margins.org/Books.html Page 14 MARGINS Newsletter No. 19, Fall 2007
Report on Mini-Workshop “Bringing MARGINS Science to the Classroom” Conveners: Cathy Manduca1, Jeff Ryan2 and Don Reed3 1Carleton College; 2University of South Florida; 3San Jose State University
Introduction science is currently used in geoscience repository (http://www.marine-geo.org/ margins) and a demonstration of the ca- MARGINS has been awarded an courses, (2) establish development teams pabilities of the Java-based map software NSF Course, Curriculum, and Labora- for larger-scale (i.e., full lab or classroom GeoMapApp in education (http://www. tory Improvement (CCLI) grant to bring session-scale) “Mini-Lessons” covering marine-geo.org/geomapapp). Among MARGINS research into widespread all four MARGINS research initiatives the attendants present that evening was use in undergraduate teaching in ways (RCL, S2S, SEIZE and SubFac), and (3) NSF-EAR official Bill Leeman. that showcase the integrated, multidisci- develop a plan for testing these materials The following morning began with plinary approach that is characteristic of in a range of classroom settings. an overview of results from the four modern, front-line geoscience research. Workshop Program MARGINS research initiatives by In collaboration with the Science Educa- MARGINS Steering committee (MSC) tion Resource Center (SERC) at Carleton On the evening of April 5, conve- members. Liz Screaton outlined the College, the project is developing a web- ners Jeff Ryan, Cathy Manduca, and main results of the Seismogenic Zone based collection of teaching materials re- MARGINS Chair Geoff Abers opened Experiment (SEIZE) initiative, Mike ferred to as “Mini-Lessons” (http://serc. the meeting with an overview of the Blum gave an overview on the Source carleton.edu/margins). Mini-Lessons MARGINS program, and outlined the to Sink research (S2S), Jim Gill on the range in scope from something as simple outcomes expected from this meeting. Subduction Factory (SubFac) and Paul as the use of MARGINS science to illus- The evening concluded with a poster Umhoefer on Rupturing Continental trate a lecture to multi-day lab projects session that included descriptions of Lithosphere (RCL). MSC member Julia that capitalize on the MARGINS Data the four MARGINS Initiatives as well Morgan presented a classroom example Repository. An exciting aspect of this as posters by participants demonstra- of a global earthquake study integrating work is a collaboration with Don Reed at ing examples of educational activities ocean bathymetry and plate boundaries, San Jose State University to create virtual using MARGINS and related scientific using visualization tools as a teaching expeditions for use with introductory results. Among the posters presented resource for undergraduate classrooms. students. were a K-12 outreach program by Joint Convener Don Reed closed the first set of The CCLI project kicked off with a Oceanographic Institution, a GoogleE- morning presentations with examples of workshop held in Arlington, VA, April arth/GeoMapApp learning class example MARGINS research used in teaching, in- 5-6, 2007, to engage the MARGINS cluding the use of data obtained through research and educational community the Texas Marine Seismic Data Center. in the generation and testing of multi- The presentations were followed by 3-4 disciplinary learning materials derived person breakout groups that brainstormed from MARGINS science. Twenty-seven on mini-lesson ideas related to key issues scientists, educators and members of in the SEIZE, S2S, RCL and/or SubFac the MARGINS Steering Committee research initiatives. (MSC) met at the Holiday Inn Rosslyn Convener Jeff Ryan finished the to identify critical content and initiate the morning session by presenting an on- development of web-based MARGINS line investigation of the Island Volcano “Mini-Lessons” for use in undergraduate Anatahan as an example of MARGINS teaching. research used in teaching (www.nsf-mar- Workshop participants were asked Figure 1. Workshop participants working on gins.org/SF/Anahatan/Anahatan2003. to contribute an example of their own mini-lessons (courtesy of Cathy Manduca). html), and opened the afternoon talks use of MARGINS science in teaching with a discussion of instructional strate- to the Mini-Lesson Collection hosted by by Jeff Ryan and Don Reed’s video les- gies for creating effective mini-lessons SERC, and to participate in creation and son examples, among others. Andrew (http://serc.carleton.edu/introgeo/in- review of additional teaching materials. Goodwillie from the Marine Geoscience structionalmethod.html). All presenta- The key goals of the workshop were to Data Center (Lamont-Doherty Earth Ob- servatory) presented the MARGINS data tions are downloadable from the work- (1) document ways in which MARGINS continued on page 16 Mini-Lessons Workshop MARGINS Newsletter No. 19, Fall 2007 Page 15
Table 1. Mini-Lessons submitted to http://serc.carleton.edu/margins/collection.html.
Title Author Initiative Target
Plate Tectonics as Expressed in Geological Landforms and SF, SEIZE, Introductory geology class, upper-level J. Ryan Events RCL tectonics or petrology; homework
Introductory Geology - Exercise - testing plate tectonics in Introductory geology class homework or P. Umhoefer RCL the Gulf of California lab
Basic sequence stratigraphy using seismic reflection lines P. Umhoefer RCL Graduate-level or upper-level strat course from Gulf of California MARGINS projects
The Woodlark Basin as a Natural Laboratory for the Study A. Goodliffe RCL Introductory geology lab course of the Geological Sciences
Introductory geology; upper-level petrology Chemical Inputs and Outputs at Subduction Zones K. Block SF course with modifications
A tour of the Mariana Subduction System A. Goodliffe SF Introductory geology lecture class
What Can (and Cannot) Be Learned from Scientific Drilling R. Hickey-Var- SEIZE, SF Introductory geoscience class Using Examples from Margins Initiatives gas
L. Reiser Wet- Introductory physical geology; review in Profiling Earth’s Surface using GeoMapApp General zel upper-level course.
Online Investigation of an Island Arc Volcano: Anatahan, J. Ryan SF Petrology or mineralogy/petrology course Mariana Arc
Undergrad tectonics, geophysics or struc- Volcano Spacing in Volcanic Arcs M. Schmidt SF ture class
Physical and Chemical Variations Along the Central Ameri- K. Ratajeski SF Petrology class exercise can Volcanic Arc
Harden, Good- Where is California Going? liffe, Wetzel, RCL Introductory geology or oceanography Block
Connecting Cross-Sectional Data from The Red Sea to L. Guertin RCL Introductory geology class Plate Tectonics
Burial, compaction, and porosities in a subduction zone L. Screaton SEIZE Intro. geosciences; groundwater course
Are you in a Hotspot? J. Harden SF, RCL Introductory geology class
Open for more submissions, see box on next page. Page 16 MARGINS Newsletter No. 19, Fall 2007 Mini-Lessons Workshop shop website at http://serc.carleton.edu/ Outcomes margins/program.html. NSF Funding In the afternoon, the meeting returned Workshop participants have created to breakout groups to outline larger-scale an initial set of 15 mini-lessons based Mini-Lesson concepts. Each of five on MARGINS science for use in under- Opportunities breakout teams outlined possible large- graduate teaching (http://serc.carleton. scale Mini-Lessons and submitted their edu/margins/collection.html); Table 1 respective proposals to the Carleton Col- shows the collection at present.The next MARGINS Post- lege SERC project website (http://serc. step is to build on the ideas generated carleton.edu/margins/). Each group at the workshop to create a set of multi- Doctoral Fellowships presented their plan to the other groups day lessons that allow students to learn available after a 1.5 hour planning session. Among geoscience concepts by exploring MAR- the larger Mini-Lessons proposed were: GINS data. The Mini-Lessons project NSF solicitation 07-546 1) Passive versus active margins: for 1st will be advertised in EOS, and integrated year undergraduates without previous into the IBM workshop in November, knowledge of geology or geophysics; 2) with plans for a future workshop at the a thematic set of smaller Mini-Lessons AGU Ocean Sciences Meeting in March REU Supplements focused on discoveries in the Izu-Bonin- of 2008. Mini-Lessons submissions are can support under- Mariana subduction system, targeting being solicited from all MARGINS-in- primarily students in upper-level geosci- terested researchers and educators, and graduate research ence courses; 3) “Where is California can be contributed to the MARGINS Sci- going?”, conceived as a laboratory ex- ence in the Classroom site at http://serc. contact your ercise for use in introductory geology or carleton.edu/margins/submit-minilesson. Program Manager oceanography courses. html.
Submit a MARGINS Mini-Lesson http://serc.carleton.edu/margins/minilessons.html Submission of a Mini-Lesson is open to any interested educator and/or researcher who would like to contribute an example from his/her own teaching using MARGINS data or research for web-based classes.
• MARGINS has been awarded a NSF Curriculum, and Laboratory Improvement (CCLI) Phase I grant to develop web-based undergraduate classroom teaching modules, in cooperation with the Science Education Resource Center of Carleton College. • MARGINS Mini-Lessons are modular learning materials that repurpose the data resources, visualizations, and other information sources developed through MARGINS and MARGINS-related research for use in examining fundamen- tal earth processes in undergraduate classrooms from a multidisciplinary perspective. • MARGINS Mini-Lessons are based on best practices in geoscience pedagogy and in the construction of digital edu- cational products. As a means of making this collection very broadly applicable, Virtual Expeditions and Web-deliv- erable Laboratory/Classroom Exercises are being developed (http://serc.carleton.edu/margins/collection.html).
We welcome contributions from any interested educator and/or researcher involved in earth sciences. To submit a Mini-Lesson go to: http://serc.carleton.edu/margins/submit-minilesson.html Contact: Cathy Manduca ([email protected]), Jeff Ryan ([email protected]), Don Reed (dreed@ geosun.sjsu.edu) or the MARGINS Office ([email protected]) MARGINS Newsletter No. 19, Fall 2007 Page 17
MARGINS Postdoctoral Program: Biographies Since 2003, the MARGINS program has funded a number of postdoctoral fellows, both within the special MARGINS Post-doctoral Fellowship and within the regular NSF-MARGINS programs. This article profiles the current postdoc- toral fellows, Benjamin Hotlzman and Jeremy Boyce, with research projects started in 2007 and 2006, respectively, and 2005 fellow Jennifer Garrison.
Benjamin Holtzman constraining emplacement with U/Pb Jeremy Boyce dating of zircons. Then I went to the NSF Award 0549082 NSF Award 0646696 University of Minnesota to work with Columbia University Arizona State University Christian Teyssier to study ophiolites Deciphering the as tectonic markers in the Himalayas, Exploring the Record of Magmatic Role of Melt but I broke my knee playing soccer, so Volatiles in a Volcanic Arc via H, Segregation and he concocted a modelling project (in C, F, S, and Cl in Apatite Strain Partitioning Montpellier, France, where he was on When I approached Rick Hervig with in Rifting sabbatical at the time) to study the phe- the idea for our MARGINS proposal I Continents nomenon of fracturing pebbles in soft had never met him, I had zero second- sediment (asking whether it was caused ary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS) expe- My current research, including that by seismic waves or by slow deforma- rience, and I had not worked on igneous funded by the MARGINS postdoctoral tion of the matrix). My two month visit processes in more than 5 years. Yet here fellowship, lies somewhere between grew to seven months. The lab next I am, a MARGINS Postdoctoral Fellow rock mechanics, seismology and geo- door, headed by Adolphe Nicolas, fo- in the School of Earth and Space Explo- dynamics. I want to understand how to cused on the Oman Ophiolite. He saw ration at Arizona interpret seismic anisotropy measured at an analogy in my pebble problem to State University, plate boundaries in terms of both rock chromite grains that fracture while ol- using the SIMS fabrics and melt distribution, creeping ivine creeps around them, as observed to study volatiles towards a more detailed image of the in Oman. So I had the great fortune of in magmatic sys- structure of rheological properties of working with their group for three field tems. plate boundaries. While still involved seasons. I wrote my master’s thesis on As an undergraduate at UCLA, I was with experimental rock deformation these analogical problems. In studying fortunate to be surrounded by energetic studies, I am also working with models the “chromite pods”, it seemed that the faculty and graduate students who chal- of anisotropic elastic and viscous prop- chromite was reducing the permeability lenged me, broadened my horizons, and erties of partially molten rocks devel- of the rock, and modifying the flow of introduced me to geology in the field at oped by Yasuko Takei at the University melt as they deformed. After a cheap exotic locations all over the world. I of Tokyo. At Lamont, I am collaborat- sabbatical in Boston, I went back to stayed at UCLA for an M.S. degree with ing with Jim Gaherty’s group on the Minnesota and joined David Kohlstedt’s Mary Reid and Marty Grove, evaluating measurement, inversion and interpreta- lab, to do experiments on the deforma- the hypothesis that 40Ar/39Ar ages from tion of surface wave anisotropy from tion of partially molten olivine rocks. melt-inclusion bearing quartz crystals the East African Rift in Ethiopia and the I added a little chromite to reduce the represent magma residence time. For my Gulf of California (the MARGINS site). permeability and the melt segregated Ph.D, I knew I wanted to work on the But more generally, or in more detail dramatically into networks of melt-rich (U-Th)/He system, and Mary suggested (I’m not sure which), my research fo- shear zones. This phenomenon became that I apply to her alma mater (MIT) to cuses on the interactions of melt migra- the subject of my PhD thesis. In apply- work with Kip Hodges. My visit with tion and deformation, or how melt influ- ing to Lamont, I proposed to study the the faculty and graduate students there ences rheological properties of rocks at seismic expression and rheological con- quickly convinced me that MIT was the high temperature. sequences of these melt-rich networks, place I wanted to continue my education. As research often proceeds as a se- to explore their geodynamical role in the After we built the (U-Th)/He lab at MIT, ries of accidents, I have migrated from Earth. After several years, these ideas we tackled a variety of problems related field geology to geophysics. My educa- are taking a practical form. I am very to (U-Th)/He, including a critical evalu- tion in Earth Science began at Brown grateful to the MARGINS program for ation of the Durango apatite (U-Th)/He University. I did a field-based structural granting me this support to pursue them standard, determination of He diffusion geology project on the nearest ophiolite further. rates in monazite, and most importantly, (in Maine), mapping the structure and the development and application of laser Page 18 MARGINS Newsletter No. 19, Fall 2007 Postdoctoral Fellows microprobe (U-Th)/He geochronology. In August of 2004, I packed my be- cio Nacional de Estudios Territoriales, I stumbled upon the idea of using longings and headed out to the Midwest or SNET). After completing field work apatite to constrain H2O and CO2 in to begin two years of research for my in El Salvador, I had the opportunity to magmas during my first year at MIT. At MARGINS post-doc at the University participate in a field excursion to Santa the time, one of my committee members of Iowa with Mark Reagan. This was Maria volcano in Guatelama, led by suggested (as it did not fit into my thesis the beginning of a series of challenging Dr. Bill Rose from MTU. The hike and plan) that I keep the idea to myself until opportunities that will benefit me the three day stay in this very active crater I had a chance to write a proposal. Years rest of my career. was an experience I’ll never forget. Af- later, as I wrapped up my Ph.D, I recog- My Ph.D. research at UCLA with ter returning to Iowa City, I began the nized the need to diversify my research Jon Davidson had taken me to Ecuador, process of separating minerals and pre- portfolio beyond noble gas geochronol- where I studied the geochemistry of lava paring rocks for analysis. Most of the ogy. The long-dormant apatite project flows and pyroclastic deposits related to sample preparation was done in the Uni- seemed like a perfect change of pace, Cotopaxi volcano in the Northern vol- versity of Iowa clean lab facility. The and I decided to try to make it happen. canic zone (NVZ) of South America. analysis of the U-series isotopes (U, Th, I wrote to Rick, introducing myself and Cotopaxi is one of the Ra), and the long-lived radiogenic iso- the idea I wanted to pursue, and the rest few composite volca- topes (Pb, Sr, Nd) were accomplished at (as they say) is history. noes in Ecuador that Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. Since my arrival in Tempe last has erupted a bimodal I spent a total of four months at Spring, my collaboration with Rick and suite of rhyolite and WHOI working with Ken Sims to interaction with other ASU researchers andesite lavas, and we prepare and analyze samples. On the and visitors has opened up to me many used trace element and basis of Th, Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopes, new frontiers in the geosciences, stimu- isotopic compositions our preliminary data show that the lating a tremendous number of ideas for of whole rocks and mineral separates rhyodacites in this system are produced future projects. Our MARGINS study, to study the timescales and processes of by fractionation of local, more mafic along with the work of colleagues, col- magma differentiation operating in the magmas. Samples from all three systems laborators, and competitors worldwide, NVZ. In addition to valuable research have 230Th excesses, which is significant is helping to develop apatite as a power- and travel opportunities, my Ph.D. proj- because most of the more mafic rocks ful indicator of volatile processes. Per- ect provided me with a solid background from this area have 238U excesses that haps even more exciting is our recent in the analytical techniques that I would result from fluid addition from the discovery that apatite crystals may not soon put to use during my postdoc. slab. Positive correlations between only yield information about pre-erup- I initially met with Mark Reagan at (230Th/232Th), Ba/Th, and Ce/Pb, as tive magmatic water content, but also the 2003 AGU/EGS meeting in Nice, well as large differences in Th isotope about the timescales of volatile process- France where we discussed possibili- ratios from north to south suggest es in magmas. ties and funding options for a project in that these differences correspond to Every year Ph.D programs produce Central America. In spring 2004, I was changes in the amount of subducted far more graduates who want faculty excited to receive notification that our sediment involved in magma genesis. positions than can be placed in them. MARGINS project had been funded, This is important because relating For those who want or need more time and we started working in El Salvador geochemical variation to petrogenetic to develop their skills before starting the in February of 2005. Our MARGINS processes and subsequently relating tenure clock, postdoctoral research ex- project focused on voluminous dacites these processes to timescales is critical perience is essential. Yet few NSF pro- erupted from three calderas in El Sal- to our understanding of magma genesis grams set aside money for post-docs. I vador and Nicaragua (Ilopango, Apoyo and volcanic evolution. I am currently know how lucky I am that the MAR- and Apoyeque) over the last 20 ka. The preparing these results for publication, GINS program has the vision to promote youngest of these was the climactic and we presented our research at the postdoctoral research, and I hope other eruption from Ilopango caldera in El June MARGINS workshop in Costa NSF programs follow this example. Salvador about 1605 years ago. We used Rica (see pages 1-4). Jennifer Garrison trace element and isotope geochemistry As a result of my time spent at to assess differences among these calde- WHOI, I have initiated important con- NSF Award 0405262 ras. While conducting our field research tacts and have planned future collabo- University of Iowa in El Salvador we were fortunate to be rations, including research in Ecuador Time-scales and mechanisms of accompanied by Dolors Ferres from the on El Reventador volcano. I am very differentiation of mafic parents to local government office that monitors thankful to have been afforded the op- rhyodacite in Central America volcanic activity in El Salvador (Servi- portunity for this research project. MARGINS Newsletter No. 19, Fall 2007 Page 19 MARGINS at the AGU Fall Meeting 2007 This section highlights the MARGINS sponsored events taking place at the 2007 AGU Fall Meeting, December 10-14. On pages 21 to 25 you will find a list of AGU sessions of relevance to MARGINS science. These sessions have been recommended by the corresponding convenors involved in MARGINS research or picked up from the AGU website (http://www.agu.org/ meetings/fm07/) by the MARGINS Office. If you are planning to attend the AGU Meeting, we hope this list will be useful for you.
As last year, the MARGINS Prize for Outstanding Student Presentation will run throughout the week (see be- low). This year, student entrants are featured at the MARGINS Student and Community Reception on Tuesday, December 11 (see page 9). At this reception, poster entrants will have the opportunity to present their research to the MARGINS judges of the Student Prize competition and some judging will take place.
MARGINS Mini-Workshop “The Future of NSF-MARGINS Initiative Rifting Continental Lithosphere (RCL)” will take place on Sunday, December 9, prior to the start of the AGU Meeting (see page 7). We hope that anyone interested in rifting processes can participate in this meeting. The MARGINS Mini-Workshop “Data Resources for the Geosciences” is oriented to students interested in learning data visualization and exploration tools and is being convened by database specialists Andrew Goodwillie and Kerstin Lehnert. It will be on Sunday, December 9 (see page 7).
Sunday, December 9 • 9:00 AM - 5:00 PM: Mini-Workshop “The Future of NSF-MARGINS Initiative Rifting Continental Lithosphere (RCL)”, Metropolitan 3 Ballroom, The Westin San Francisco Market Street. • 2:00 - 5:00 PM: Mini-Workshop “Data Resources for the Geosciences”, City Room, The Westin San Francisco Market Street. Monday, December 10 • 6:00 - 9:00 PM: MARGINS Student and Community Reception, Yerba Buena Salon 7, San Francisco Marriott. MARGINS Prize for Outstanding Student Presentation
The MARGINS Office and Steering Committee are offering $500 prizes for two Outstanding Student Pre- sentations on MARGINS-related science at the AGU Fall Meeting, December 10-14, 2007 in San Francisco. The two prizes, one for a poster presentation and one for an oral presentation, will be awarded to highlight the important role of student research in accomplishing MARGINS science goals, and encourage cross- disciplinary input to the MARGINS program. Any student as first author presenting a poster or talk with research related to the MARGINS science initiatives is eligible to participate. Students from the U.S. and international community are encouraged to apply. Posters from students entrants can be on display through- out the MARGINS Student and Community Reception (see ad on page 9) for judging. The winner and any honorable mentions will be notified after the AGU Fall Meeting, and will be highlighted in the MARGINS newsletter and website, including notification to the hosting schools of their achievement.
Application deadline: Friday, November 23, 2007 Visit the MARGINS website for further information: http://www.nsf-margins.org/AGU2007/ Page 20 MARGINS Newsletter No. 19, Fall 2007
MARGINS-Themed Special Issues and Books
Upcoming Special Issues
“The Central American Subduction System” (G. Alvarado, K. Hoernle and E. Silver, eds.), Special Theme of Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. Accepting contributions now.
“The Papuan Continuum: Source to Sink through the Fly River System and the Gulf of Papua” (C. Nittrouer, R. Slingerland, and J. Dickens, eds.), Special Issue of JGR-Earth Surf., in press, expected publication early 2008.
“From Mountains to Abyss – Sedimentation along Source to Sink Pathway of the Waipaoa Sedimentary System” (L. Carter and S. Kuehl eds.), Special Volume of Mar. Geol., Expected Publication late 2008.
Recently Published Special Issues
“The 2003 Eruption of Anatahan Volcano, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI)”, Special Issue of J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., Vol. 146, Issues 1-3, Aug. 2005 (D.R. Hilton, J.S. Pallister and R.M. Pua, eds.)
“Arenal Volcano, Costa Rica- Magma Genesis and Volcanological Processes”, Special Issue of J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., Vol. 157, Issues 1-3, Sept. 2006 (J. Gill, M. Reagan, F. Tepley and E. Malavassi, eds.)
Monographs
The Seismogenic Zone of Subduction Thrust Faults (T.H. Dixon and J.C. Moore, eds.), Columbia Univ. Press, MARGINS Theor. and Exper. Earth Sci. Ser. vol. 2, 692 pp, Sept. 2007. http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup
Imaging Mapping and Modelling Continental Lithosphere Extension and Breakup (G.D. Karner, G. Manatschal and L.M. Pinheiro, eds.), The Geological Society, Spec. Pub. 282, 488 pp., July 2007. http://www2.geolsoc.org.uk
Rheology and Deformation of the Lithosphere at Continental Margins (G.D. Karner, B. Taylor, N.W. Driscoll and D.L. Kohlstedt, eds.), Columbia Univ. Press, MARGINS Theor. and Exper. Earth Sci. Ser. vol. 1, 384 pp, Feb. 2004. http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup
Inside the Subduction Factory (J. Eiler, ed.), Amer. Geophys. Un. Geophys. Monogr. ser., vol. 138, 324 pp., 2004. http://www.agu.org
Go to http://www.nsf-margins.org/Books.html for more details. MARGINS Newsletter No. 19, Fall 2007 Page 21
Sessions relevant to MARGINS science at AGU Fall Meeting 2007 We have selected a list of AGU sessions that may be of special interest to the MARGINS community. The sessions highlighted with * directly address MARGINS themes. All other relevant sessions were captured from the AGU website (http://www. agu.org/fm07) or listed by request of the corresponding session’s convenor.
AGU Code Key: Capital letters assigns session’s theme.
Education and Human Resources cal proxies to (1) constrain key fluxes such motectonics of the Andaman, Sumatra, and as the macro and micro nutrients contrib- *ED: New Directions in Undergradu- Java subduction systems in order to provide uted by rivers, groundwater and the atmo- ate Geoscience Education: Bringing further insight into the range of seismo- sphere, (2) elucidate the relevant control- Together Research, Education and genic zone processes affecting earthquake Technology in the Classroom and ling processes and (3) understand the link generation. We invite contributions from Field to climate change. The scope will range a range of disciplines including passive from micro-scale reactions in porewaters and active source seismology, marine geo- Conveners: D. Reed, J.G. Ryan, C. Man- to global scale modeling of feedbacks. physics, geology, and geodesy that address duca, P. Knoop, D. Mogk and J. Marshall Constraining continental sources and fluxes seismotectonic issues in this region. This session will highlight efforts being is an important part of the session goals. made to transform undergraduate educa- This includes weathering processes, the S: Insights From Combined Labora- tion through the repurposing of the datasets relative importance of different lithologies, tory and Theoretical Investigations and scientific results of major research the roles of dust and aerosols versus rivers of Earthquake Rupture and Aseismic initiatives for use in classroom settings. and versus groundwater and how together Fault Slip Presentations will highlight efforts that these different facets of the Earth system Conveners: ZY. Fialko, N. Lapusta, A. take advantage of the fruits of major Feder- link to climate. Understanding transport Rosakis ally-funded research initiatives, including processes including the interaction between Slip on faults involves a range of complex but not limited to the NSF-MARGINS different pathways is also an important and potentially interdependent phenomena. Program, Ridge 2000 and IODP, to invigo- goal of the session. Finally, we need a Fault resistance to sliding can be influenced rate coursework and classroom activities better understanding of the drawdown and by a number of mechanisms, including rate and facilitate focused research and re- recycling of oceanic sinks and how these and state effects, flash heating, pore pressure search-like experiences for undergraduate might respond to global change. Although evolution, dissimilar material properties, students. This session is co-sponsored by some focus of the session will be on new local non-planarity of slip interfaces, and NSF-MARGINS and Council on Under- proxies such as non-traditional stable others. Earthquake dynamics involves graduate Research (CUR). isotopes, contributions on other tracers, different rupture patterns, interaction such as biomarkers, as well as multi-proxy with fault geometry and, potentially, Ocean Sciences approaches are welcome. Indeed, detailed branching and supershear propagation. In OS: Mountains to Ocean Deep: comparisons between these approaches are the interseismic period, observations show Tracking Material Fluxes and Processes seen as essential to the further development a rich array of behaviors, from aseismic slip During Climatic Change with New and of the field. transients to episodic tremors. Laboratory Better Proxies experiments provide crucial insights for Seismology Conveners: C. Siebert & B. Georg our understanding of these phenomena, either directly or though a combination of Recent technical advances have resulted in S: New Perspectives into the Seis- motectonics of the Andaman, Sumatra, experimental observations and theoretical new and improved proxies for quantifying modeling. Laboratory experiments can and Java Subduction Systems the chemical and biological processes and also be used to validate numerical models. Conveners: H.R. DeShon & S. Bilek fluxes that govern mass transfer from the Papers are invited on all aspects of relevant continents to the oceans. We need to better The occurrence of the 2004 and 2005 laboratory experiments, modeling of understand how these processes respond great Sumatra earthquakes and the 2006 experimental results, and incorporation to, and provide feedbacks and drivers for, Java tsunami earthquake highlight the of these results into theories or numerical long term climatic change. The application significant seismic hazard associated with simulations of seismic and aseismic fault of proxies is rapidly expanding and this subduction offshore Indonesia. These behavior. session is intended to give geochemists the three earthquakes exhibited a large degree chance to present and discuss their new dis- of variability in their rupture patterns, Tectonophysics coveries as well as providing an overview associated tsunami, aftershock locations of the latest developments in the field. We and mechanisms, and frequency range of *T: Inner Workings of Centam and invite contributions that utilize geochemi- associated seismic energy. This session IBM Subduction Factories aims to improve understanding of the seis- Conveners: J. Gill and S. Holbrook Page 22 MARGINS Newsletter No. 19, Fall 2007 Fall AGU Sessions
This session’s goals are to report and com- Seismic studies and drilling have shown proaches to studying ocean crustal faults pare geophysical and geochemical discov- that ultramafic rocks are exposed in the include bathymetric analysis, earthquake eries related to subduction processes in the transition zone between continental and and reflection seismology, ocean drilling, Central American and Izu-Bonin-Mariana oceanic crust at some rifted continental and geologic studies from submersible arcs. The “Factory” in this session includes margins. However, the tectonic and mag- investigations. These diverse investigative the incoming plate, the slab to the transi- matic processes responsible for mantle techniques yield information at a range of tion zone, the mantle wedge, and outputs to exhumation remain enigmatic. This ses- temporal and spatial scales, which are chal- the crust and atmosphere from the forearc sion will bring together scientists involved lenging to integrate into a comprehensive to rear arc, Contributions are especially in imaging, sampling and modelling the model of oceanic fault development. Con- welcome that draw from Workshops during thinned continental crust, transition zone sequently, many processes and interactions 2007 about these topics, or explicitly relate and early oceanic crust at ‘non-volcanic’ involving seismicity, hydrogeology, and geophysical and geochemical discoveries, margins, both modern and ancient. fault evolution remain poorly understood or compare the two arcs. Syntheses of long- Key questions include: - Why do some in oceanic settings. This session is intended term projects are welcome even if some of ‘non-volcanic’ margins exhibit mantle to bridge disciplines to focus on open prob- the results have been presented before. exhumation whilst others do not? - What lems in ocean crustal faulting. is the origin and petrological history of T: Tectonic Erosion, Sediment Accre- the exhumed mantle? Can we distinguish T: From the Trench to the Arc: Sub- tion and Mass Recycling in Subduction duction Along South America Zones between subcontinental and asthenospheric mantle? Can we identify and explain fertile, Conveners: N. Kukowskin, Nathan L.B. Conveners: P. Vannucchi, P. Clift and J.P. depleted, refertilized and infiltrated man- Bangs, A. Tassara Morgan tle? What are the implications for mantle The flux of continental material into sub- heterogeneity and continental break-up? The western rim of South America has duction zones is known to have a large - In the transition zone, what is the nature been shaped through subduction of oceanic effect on arc magmatic chemistry, as well and source of magnetic anomalies, is plates since the Paleozoic; however, the as on the tectonics and vertical motions there evidence for gabbroic bodies, and existing structures of the Andes, currently of convergent margins. Recent estimates how deep and pervasive is serpentinisa- Earth’s largest subduction orogen, devel- of mass recycling place the rate of mass tion? - How do the characteristics of the oped almost entirely during the Cenozoic. subduction at around 3 cubic km/year, a transition zone at ‘non-volcanic’ margins During the past decade, several large mul- level that is high enough to be important compare with those of ultra-slow seafloor tinational and multidisciplinary initiatives in the generation and maintenance of the spreading? Can mantle exhumation at ‘non- have focused on the Andes to investigate continental crust. Of this total only around volcanic’ margins be explained by melt subduction erosion and subduction accre- a half comprises trench sediment, with the suppression at very slow spreading rates tion along the margin tip, formation of the rest made up by eroded forearc crust. What or anomalously cool lithosphere during Altiplano-Puna plateau, which is Earth’s controls the rate of mass subduction is still early seafloor spreading? - What does the second largest continental plateau, arc vol- debated but is important in understand- sedimentary record tell us about uplift and canism, relationships between climate vari- ing subduction petrogenesis and seismo- subsidence during break-up? - How does ability, erosion and tectonics, seismogenic genesis. Detailed geophyscial data from continental break-up occur without the as- processes along the subduction interface eroding arcs remains relatively scarce. We sistance of magma? and associated seismic and volcanic haz- ards. These efforts have made significant solicit contributions from geophysicists, Contributors are invited to present seis- geochemists and geologists working on progress, but many open questions remain mic, petrological, sedimentological or about the Andean margin regarding e.g., the cycling of material through subduction structural observations and/or formation zones in order to build a multidisciplinary the timing of uplift, the thermal evolution process models relating to magmatism and of the orogen, the interaction of climate session where the different datasets can be tectonics at ‘non-volcanic’ margins. reconciled in a coherent model of margin and tectonics, and more. To review our evolution. Studies spanning long and short- T: Faults in the Ocean Crust: current knowledge on the subduction pro- er geological timescales are encouraged, Perspectives From Geology And cesses along the South American forearc as are those involving direct sampling or Geophysics and to develop an overview of the Andean margin structures and processes, we invite remote imaging of the subduction channel Conveners: N.W. Hayman and D. Boh- and the tectonic erosion process. nenstiehl contributions from all fields of geophysics and geology, including both marine and ter- T: Mantle Exhumation at Rifted Faults in the oceanic crust play many roles: restrial components. We especially encour- Continental Margins: Magmatic and accommodating magmatic and tectonic age contributions about interdisciplinary Tectonic Processes strains at spreading centers, facilitating flu- studies that combine multiple aspects of id flow along the ridge crest and outer-rise, Conveners: R. Fletcher, G. Manatschal, Andean evolution. and allowing the relative motions of plates O. Müntener, A. Goodliffe along transform boundaries. Different ap- Fall AGU Sessions MARGINS Newsletter No. 19, Fall 2007 Page 23
T: Bringing Together Observations processes is incomplete and other locations the role of pressure- and temperature-de- and Models at Rifted Margins and exhibit either slow slip or seismic tremor pendent rheologies (plasticity, grain-size Extensional Basins but not both. In addition to addressing the weakening), the depth extent of slabs, the Conveners: J.W. Van Wijk, G Péron-Pin- long-standing scientific goal of understand- effect of phase transitions, and the role vidic, D. J. Shillington ing fault mechanical processes, including of the overriding plate. Recently developed numerical models the generation of megathrust earthquakes T: Megathrust Slip and Forearc Struc- are capable of simulating a wide range of in subduction zones, recent observations ture factors thought to be important in control- have significant policy implications based ling the evolution of extensional terranes, on the suggestion that seismicity and seis- Conveners: R. Briggs, C. Goldfinger and including variations in stretching with mic hazard may increase following slow R. Witter depth, magmatism, prerift structural het- slip activity. Megathrusts accommodate most of the erogeneities, and rheological layering. As This session seeks presentations that shed convergence between colliding plates along these models become more sophisticated, light on the mechanics of slow slip, non- subduction zones. This interdisciplinary it is essential to compare model predictions volcanic tremor, and associated phenome- session invites studies that address the with observations. Geological, petrological na, as well as the hazard implications posed connection between seismogenic behavior and geophysical datasets from extensional by these processes. In particular, we seek of the megathrust and forearc structure. basins and rifted margins provide critical contributions that explore this burgeoning Topics of interest may include, but are information on the structure of the crust and field of research using new techniques, new not limited to, the temporal and spatial lithospheric mantle, volume of magmatism, observations, and innovative modeling. We relationship between megathrust slip (co- stratigraphic and subsidence history, petrol- also welcome studies that address regional seismic, postseismic, and aseismic) and ogy of magmatic and mantle rocks, etc. variations in the occurrence and character- upper plate structure; internal deformation Clearly, a close integration of numerical istics of these phenomena. of the overriding plate during the seismic and analogue modeling with rift attributes cycle; controls on along-strike and down- from observational data can result in a *T: Progress in Subduction Modeling dip variations in seismogenic behavior; and Conveners: S. Buiter, S. Goes, P. Van greater understanding of the factors most models that explicitly tie the earthquake Keken important in controlling the evolution of cycle to evolution of the forearc. We hope continental basins and rifted margins. Ad- Subduction zones display a wide range of to attract submissions spanning geology, ditionally, numerical and analogue models slab morphologies, upper plate deforma- marine geophysics, geodesy, seismology, can highlight rift characteristics that are as tion regimes, plate and trench motions and geophysical and analog modeling, and of yet still poorly constrained by existing and mantle flow patterns. Models of we welcome discussion of how our current data and thus guide future data acquisition. varying degrees of complexity have been understanding of megathrust slip affects We invite presentations that seek to inves- used to understand natural subduction seismic hazard models. tigate rifting and the transition to seafloor regimes and their variability in space spreading with diverse observations (e.g., and time. Recent progress in models Volcanology, Geochemistry and Petrol- geophysical, petrological and geological of subduction zone processes includes ogy datasets) and modeling. the incorporation of slab petrology and V: Subduction volcanism at continen- phase changes, the evaluation of effects tal edges T: Observations, Interpretations, of three-dimensionality, and an improv- and Implications of Slow Slip, Non- Conveners: A.H. Peslier, J.C. Varekamp ing capability to model the evolution Volcanic Tremor, and Associated and L. Siebert Phenomena of the slab and trench in a dynamically This session has its focus on volcanism at self-consistent way. The aim of this ses- Conveners: J. Rubinstein, S. Ide, H. Hirose the edge of continents, as exemplified (but and J. Townend sion is to showcase the latest results of not exclusively) by the Mexican volcanic numerical and analogue models of sub- belt. Mass flow in subduction environ- Aseismic fault slip, non-volcanic tremor, duction and initiate discussion of their ments from the mantle to the surface is and other low-frequency seismic phe- current achievements and challenges. We influenced among others by differentiation nomena have been observed in a variety also welcome studies that describe how processes, crustal contamination, degas- of tectonic environments, most notably observations (e.g., seismic and gravity) sing, magma ascent rates and eruption subduction zones but also within the strike- and laboratory measurements can be used type. Presentations are invited on volcanic slip San Andreas Fault zone and beneath to constrain which processes are most products ranging from volcanic rocks, melt the island of Hawaii. In the Cascadia and important in natural subduction and what inclusions in crystals, and gases to xeno- southwest Japan subduction zones, in liths that provide insight into the origin, particular, the spatiotemporal coincidence parameter values, particularly for rheol- evolution and transport processes of such of tremor and slow slip suggests a strong ogy, are applicable to the Earth. Topics continental arc magmas. Fundamental top- relation between these phenomena, but our that may be considered include, but are ics to be addressed may include ‘the role of understanding of the underlying physical not restricted to: the strength of slabs, subduction volcanism in the formation of Page 24 MARGINS Newsletter No. 19, Fall 2007 Fall AGU Sessions the continents’, ‘estimates on the amount of Conveners: R.F. Weinberg and A. system, and the depth and structure of the crustal contamination in a volcanic suite’, Tomkins substrate. For example, recent studies in the ‘the composition of the mantle wedge at This session will focus on the interaction southwest Pacific (Lau Basin, Manus Ba- continental margins’, ‘the volatile budget of physical and chemical processes during sin, Kermadec and Mariana Arcs) are pro- in specific subduction zones’, and ‘the ap- magmatic evolution in island and continen- viding evidence for volatile input (based on plication of the stratigraphic and petrologic tal arcs, and how these affect the genesis both alteration assemblages and vent fluid history of a volcano to better predict future of ore deposits related to felsic magmas. compositions). This session seeks contri- eruptions. This session invites contribu- The session aims to address formation of butions on any topic related to submarine tions thematically linked and/or inspired the massive metal and sulfur anomalies volcanic arc hydrothermal systems. by the lasting and fundamental work of that characterize these deposits by taking a James F. Luhr. broad view of the magmatic system, includ- Other Sessions of interest *V: From the Arc to the Back-Arc: ing processes in the magma sources and B: Cold Seeps at Continental Margins: Linking Geochemical and Geophysi- the deeper part of the system. We welcome Past and Present cal Observations with Geodynamic contributions from igneous petrologists, Conveners: J. Sample & H. Schwartz Models of the Mantle Wedge economic geologists, numerical modelers, geochemists and geophysicists describing DI: Volatiles and Melts in the Earth’s Conveners: P. Hall, S. Escrig Interior any aspect of these magmatic systems. Back-arc basins (BABs) are complex tec- Conveners: R. Dasagupta, C. Aubaud, Studies based on field, experiments or tonic environments in which oceanic crust G.M. Leahy, J.E. Dixon theoretical approaches are invited. is created at a spreading center (Back-arc G: Plate Motion and how it is Taken spreading center, BASC) in close proximity V: Fluid-Rock Interaction in the Crust up in Deforming Zones to a subduction zone. This juxtaposition and the Upper Mantle results in strong spatial gradients in both Conveners: D.F. Argus, J.T. Freymueller Conveners: T. Mueller and A. Wohlers geochemical and geophysical observables, G: Postseismic Deformation: Mea- The presence of fluids in the crust and providing a unique window on geodynamic surements, Mechanisms and Conse- the upper mantle has fundamental conse- and petrogenetic processes in the upper quences mantle. This session seeks to highlight quences for many petrologic processes, such as the genesis of magmatic rocks, Conveners: E. Fielding, A. Freud & progress in our understanding of mantle I. Johanson flow and melting in the mantle wedge by mineral reactions, rates and mechanisms of considering differences between arcs and nucleation and growth of minerals, mineral H: Flow and Transport in Heteroge- BASCs, as well as between BASCs and solubility, isotope transport, mass transfer neous Media: New Experimental and normal mid-ocean ridges. Questions of and partial melting. We invite contributions Modeling Approaches interest include: What is the nature of the in the field of metamorphic and igneous Conveners: M. Dentz, A. Englert, T. Le slab-derived component that contributes to petrology which address the questions Borgne and problems of fluid-rock interactions in arc and BASC magmatism (e.g., hydrous NS: Fault Imaging and Seismic Hazard fluids, melts)? What is the distribution of different geological settings, and on dif- Assessment this component within the wedge, and by ferent scales, in order to advance our un- Conveners: M. Craig, S. Kruse what mechanism is it transported? What derstanding of the fundamental processes constraints do seismic attenuation and controlling fluid-rock interactions in earth’s OS: Coastal Models and Data: Simula- velocity studies provide regarding the pres- crust and mantle. Field, experimental and tion, Synthesis and Integration ence of water, melt and fine-scale structure theoretical studies ranging from shallow Conveners: C.J. Hearn, O.S. Petersen & in the mantle wedge beneath BABs? How crustal regimes to subduction zones and K.K. Yates does plate kinematics (e.g., subduction the upper mantle are welcome. S: Earthquake Early Warning: Design angle, subduction rate, arc-back-arc separa- V: Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems and Application Around the World tion, back-arc spreading rate) affect mantle Related to Volcanic Arcs Conveners: R.M. Allen, P. Gasparini, O. flow and melting in arcs and BASCs? Conveners: D. Butterfield and W. Bach Kamigaichi Contributions from geochemistry, petrol- ogy, seismology, geophysics, geodynamics Hydrothermal venting at back-arc spread- S: New Insights About Seismogenesis and mineral physics are encouraged, as are ing centers and at submerged island-arc from Dense Geophysical Observa- contributions from researchers working in volcanoes display both similarities and dif- tions ferences when compared to systems found relevant Ridge and MARGINS focus sites Conveners: Y. Lio, T. Sagiya, T. Iwasaki, on mid-ocean ridges, with differences (e.g., Lau Basin, Izu-Bonin-Mariana). T. Okada, C.H. Thurber attributed to a range of factors including V: Magmatic Processes in Arcs and the composition of the substrate (basalt, T: Tectonic, Magmatic and Surface Metallogeny andesite, rhyolite, dacite), contributions Processes in Arc-Continent Collisions of magmatic volatiles to the hydrothermal Conveners: P. Clift and A. Draut Ocean Sciences 2008 MARGINS Newsletter No. 19, Fall 2007 Page 25
T: Surface Processes, Crustal Rheol- Sessions relevant to MARGINS-science at the ogy, or Regional Geology: What Con- trols the Structural Architecture of Ocean Sciences Meeting Convergent Continental Orogens? Conveners: E. Cowgill, A. Forte, R.C. March 2-7, 2008, Orlando, FL Thiede & M. Murphy T: Continental Collision: The Litho- Sessions convened by scientists involved in the Source-to-Sink Initiative are spheric Scale announced here. Conveners: W-P. Chen, S-L. Chung, R.L. Nowack and B-S. Huang Session 134: Toward Integrating ponents of an individual dispersal system T: Caribbean Subduction Zones - Past Source-to-Sink Field Studies of are particularly encouraged. and Present Sediment Dispersal Systems Session 165: Advances in Coastal Conveners: U. Martens and A. García- Organizers: Clark Alexander (Skidaway Casco Morphodynamics: From Estuaries Inst of Oceanography), Andre Droxler and Beaches to Deltas and Shelves T: From Subduction to Collision (Rice University), Alan Orpin (National Conveners: F.T. Wu, L. Teng, D. Brown Inst of Water and Atmospheric Research) Organizers: Art Trembanis (U of Dela- and John Swenson (U of Minnesota). ware), Carl Friedrichs (William and Mary/ V: Recycling of Deep Continental VIMS), Andrew Short (U of Sydney) and Lithosphere: Consequences for the Scientists around the world are exam- Jeff List (USGS). Mantle and Crust ining the processes within and linkages Conveners: R. Rudnick, S. Gao, A. Lena- between the components of individual Coastal morphodynamics aims to un- rdic, R. Zhu siliciclastic, carbonate, and mixed disper- derstand the complex bi-directional cou- sal systems from uplands and to the sea, pling between hydrodynamic processes V: Spreading Ridge Interactions with and morphologic responses. The field has Hotspots, Subduction Zones, and including erosion and transport processes in highlands, processing of material along experienced tremendous growth and evo- Transforms lution of understanding over the last 25+ Conveners: J. Chadwick, M. Perfit, R. river courses and within floodplains, dis- years thanks in part to advances in field Keller charge from land, neritic carbonate pro- duction in areas flooded within the photic observations and modeling capabilities. V: Mud Volcanoes and Their Eruption zone, and redistribution and accumulation Much exciting and challenging work re- Dynamics on the continental margin from the inner mains to link processes and responses at Conveners: A. Mazzini, S. Planke, G. shelf/lagoons to adjacent basins and abys- all scales, from the micromorphodynam- Akhmanov and C. Berndt sal plain. In many cases, these studies ic level (boundary layer scales), to large have reached a point where field obser- scale coastal behavior (decadal to century vations are sufficient to drive conceptual scales), to geological time scales (mil- Not Receiving and/or numerical model generation for all lennial scales). In this session we seek or parts of these systems. This session will to bring together researchers in coastal MARGINS Mail? focus on results coming out of dispersal morphodynamics pursuing observational system studies and will illustrate the char- and modeling studies in diverse settings To sign up for the MARGINS acteristics of modern dispersal systems including estuaries, beaches, deltas, and Mailing List and Listserv with a global perspective. Contributions the continental shelf. Announcements, go to: that explicitly integrate one or more com- http://www.nsf-margins.org/ MailingForm.html Research Vessel - Marcus Langseth If your mailing or email address Town Hall Meeting at AGU has changed within the last six months, and you have not up- Monday, Dec. 10, 2007 • 7:30 pm • Location: TBA dated your contact information on file with MARGINS, please Come to hear about progress and plans of the United States’ do so now at: new 3-D seismic research vessel, which is scheduled to begin http://www.nsf-margins.org/ science operations in early 2008. For more information, MailingUpdateForm.html please go to: http://www.unols.org/meetings/2007. Page 26 MARGINS Newsletter No. 19, Fall 2007
“Geohazards” cont. from pg. 9 seismic activity, and pore fluid transients, (4) Can we extrapolate information advancing the study and understanding throughout a deformation cycle. about physical properties from seismic of geohazards through ocean drilling, B. Preconditioning, Triggers and profiles? by defining the key research questions, Mechanisms explored properties and Potential observational strategies: identifying potential drilling targets, and processes that contribute to seafloor (1) Integrate site survey and borehole guiding development of new technolo- deformation and tsunamigenesis, includ- data to establish broad spatial coverage gies and methodologies. To facilitate this ing geotechnical properties, strength, of material properties, stratigraphy, and process, workshop participants self-orga- rheology, and triggering events (e.g., age relationships. nized into working groups charged with fluid pressurization, sea level changes, (2) Establish local, regional, and global synthesizing knowledge of specific top- methane hydrate dissociation and/or correlations of event stratigraphy, cou- ics for the entire IODP community and dissolution, earthquakes, and magmatic pled to other data sets. encouraging the development of IODP processes). (3) Correlate submarine event stratig- proposals to address oceanic geohazards. raphy with independent, and possibly These working groups are intended to be Key questions include: historic, records, e.g., of climate change, inclusive of all interested parties, regard- (1) What are the properties of layers earthquakes, eruptions, etc. less of their attendance at the workshop, prone to failure, and how do they differ Several participants made brief, with initial leadership volunteered by from those of stable units? informal presentations in support of po- workshop participants. The working (2) How does material rheology evolve tential drilling programs to demonstrate groups include: with time and deformation? the importance of IODP in understand- Landslides: Jacques Locat, Angelo Ca- (3) What controls frequency, magnitudes, ing geohazards. Some of these were merlenghi; and rates of seafloor deformation? proposals already in the system; others Volcanic Processes: Tom Sisson, Juli (4) What are the relative roles of in-situ were simply concepts open to discussion. Morgan, Maria-Teresa Pareschi; preconditioning vs. triggering in specific The purpose of this session was not to settings? gain consensus from the group for any Earthquake Hazards: Steve Kirby, Potential observational strategies: specific program, but rather to introduce Chris Goldfinger; (1) Complete geotechnical studies (field participants to the IODP proposal pro- Impact Hazards: Sean Gulick, Henning and laboratory) to determine physical cess, to encourage comments and ques- Dypvik; properties and conditions that favor slope tions, and to bring together international Tsunami Studies: Simon Day, David failure and seafloor mobility. groups with common interests to pursue Tappin; (2) In-situ measurement and long-term proposal development following the Risk Assessment: Mark Legg, Roger monitoring of stress, strain, pore pressure, workshop. Topics included suggested Urgeles; and associated transient phenomena. targets and locations for drilling, pro- Coastal and Submarine Aquifers: (3) Focus on regions with high rates posed observatories to study active, and Evgeny Kontar. of deformation and/or recurrence, and potentially precursory, processes, in-situ therefore high probabilities of events that measurement techniques, and method- could be monitored. ologies for interpreting core records. A C. Reading the Sedimentary Record ad- common theme was the unique opportu- Effective January 2008: dressed the overall evolution of sedimen- nity afforded by IODP drilling to study tary basins, and specifically, the origins active processes relevant to geohazards, MARGINS Office moves to and sources of turbidites, the processes especially at known points within the Lamont-Doherty deformation cycle. MARGINS related of deposition, chronostratigraphy, and Earth Observatory local, regional, and global correlations examples include offshore monitoring of of event deposits. geodetic and seismic activity near Costa The new address will be: Key questions include: Rica’s Nicoya Peninsula, which exhibits a ~50 yr seismic cycle, and examination 61 Route 9W (1) Can we reliably distinguish the differ- of post-seismic strain and fluid responses Palisades, NY 10964 ent origins of turbidites in the sedimen- to the Sumatra earthquake of 2004. Sev- The webpage will remain at: tary record (earthquake, submarine slide, eral examples of potential incipient slope http://www.nsf-margins.org sea level change, tsunamis)? failure were also presented. (2) Do specific sedimentary processes The workshop concluded Thursday Contact MARGINS Chair, Geoff generate distinct geohazards? afternoon with an open discussion of the Abers ([email protected]) (3) How can we improve local and global best ways to proceed toward fulfilling with questions. chronostratigraphy? the objectives of the workshop – i.e., MARGINS Newsletter No. 19, Fall 2007 Page 27
MARGINS Steering Committee Geoffrey Abers, Chair James Gill Jeff Ryan* Department of Earth Sciences Earth Sciences Department Department of Geology Boston University University of California-Santa Cruz University of South Florida 685 Commonwealth Avenue 137 Applied Sciences 4202 East Fowler Ave., SCA 528 Boston, MA 02215 1156 High Street Tampa, FL 33620-5201 Tel: (617) 353-2616 Santa Cruz, CA 95064 Tel: (813) 974-1598/6287 e-mail: [email protected] Tel: 831-459-2425 e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Nathan Bangs Demian Saffer Institute for Geophysics W. Steven Holbrook Department of Geociences University of Texas at Austin Department of Geology and Geophysics Pennsylvania State University 4412 Spicewood Springs Rd, Bldg. 600 University of Wyoming 310 Deike Building Austin, TX 78759-8500 Earth Sciences Building 3016 University Park, PA 16802 Tel: (512) 471-0424 Laramie, WY 82071-3006 Tel: (814) 865-7965, email: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Tel: (307) 766-2724 e-mail: [email protected] John B. Swenson Mike Blum Department of Geological Sciences Department of Geology and Geophysics Steve Kuehl University of Minnesota Duluth E235 Howe-Russell Geosciences Complex Virginia Institute of Marine Science 1110 Kirby Drive Louisiana State University College of William and Mary Duluth, MN 55812 USA Baton Rouge, LA 70803 Holben House Room 201 Tel: (218) 726-6844 e-mail:[email protected] Tel: (225) 578-5735 Cloucester Point, VA 23062 e-mail: [email protected] Tel: (804) 684-7118 e-mail: [email protected] Paul J. Umhoefer* Cynthia Ebinger Department of Geology, Box 4099 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Don Reed* Northern Arizona University University of Rochester Department of Geology Flagstaff, AZ 86011 227 Hutchinson Hall San Jose State University Tel: (928) 523-6464 e-mail: [email protected] Rochester, NY 14627 San Jose, CA 95192-0102 Tel: (585) 276-3364 Tel: (408) 924-5036 e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Peter van Keken Department of Geological Sciences 425 East University Avenue University of Michigan MARGINS Education Advisory Committee Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1063 Tel: (734) 764-1497 Members above marked * plus: e-mail: [email protected] Ex-Officio: Cathy Manduca Geoff Abers, Carleton College Boston University [email protected] [email protected]
Rosemary Hickey-Vargas Andrew Goodwillie, Florida International University Lamonth-Doherty Earth Observatory [email protected] [email protected]
MARGINS Office Boston University, Department of Earth Sciences, 675 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 Tel: (617) 358-4624, Fax: (617) 353-3290, E-mail: [email protected], Website: www.nsf-margins.org Chair: Geoff Abers ([email protected]), Administrator: Cary Kandel ([email protected])
This information is also posted on the MARGINS website, where it is continuously updated
NSF Program Directors National Science Foundation, 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, Virginia 22230
Bilal Haq Brian Midson Deborah Smith William Leeman Marine Geology and Geophysics Program Marine Geology and Geophysics Program Ocean Drilling Program Petrology and Geochemistry Program Division of Ocean Sciences Division of Ocean Sciences Division of Ocean Sciences Division of Earth Sciences Tel: (703) 292-8582 Tel: (703) 292-8145 Tel: (703) 292-7478 Tel: (703) 292-7411 Fax: (703) 292-9085 Fax: (703) 292-9085 Fax: (703) 292-9085 Fax: (703) 292-9025 e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Department of Earth Sciences Earth of Department 675 Commonwealth Ave. Boston, MA 02215, USA MA02215, Boston, MARGINS Office MARGINS Boston University Newsletter # 19, Fall 2007 Layout andDesign:P. Lezaeta< Editors: P. LezaetaandG. This newsletterisproducedonbehalfofMARGINSbythe MARGINSOffice. “The FutureofNSF-MARGINSInitiative Rup Sunday, Dec. Meeting: 2007;pre-AGU Fall 9, turing ContinentalLithosphere(RCL)” “Data ResourcesfortheGeosciences” reflect the viewsof NationalScience Foundation. conclusions Foundation under Grant No. OCE 06-05682. Any opinions, findings, and Publication MARGINS Mini-Workshops C. Kandel<
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