Trail of Broken Treaties Timeline
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The Indian Revolutionaries. the American Indian Movement in the 1960S and 1970S
5 7 Radosław Misiarz DOI: 10 .15290/bth .2017 .15 .11 Northeastern Illinois University The Indian Revolutionaries. The American Indian Movement in the 1960s and 1970s The Red Power movement1 that arose in the 1960s and continued to the late 1970s may be perceived as the second wave of modern pan-Indianism 2. It differed in character from the previous phase of the modern pan-Indian crusade3 in terms of massive support, since the movement, in addition to mobilizing numerous groups of urban Native Americans hailing from different tribal backgrounds, brought about the resurgence of Indian ethnic identity and Indian cultural renewal as well .4 Under its umbrella, there emerged many native organizations devoted to address- ing the still unsolved “Indian question ”. The most important among them were the 1 The Red Power movement was part of a broader struggle against racial discrimination, the so- called Civil Rights Movement that began to crystalize in the early 1950s . Although mostly linked to the African-American fight for civil liberties, the Civil Rights Movement also encompassed other racial and ethnic minorities including Native Americans . See F . E . Hoxie, This Indian Country: American Indian Activists and the Place They Made, New York 2012, pp . 363–380 . 2 It should be noted that there is no precise definition of pan-Indianism among scholars . Stephen Cornell, for instance, defines pan-Indianism in terms of cultural awakening, as some kind of new Indian consciousness manifested itself in “a set of symbols and activities, often derived from plains cultures ”. S . Cornell, The Return of the Native: American Indian Political Resurgence, New York 1988, p . -
The American Indian Movement, the Trail of Broken Treaties, and the Politics of Media
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, Department of History History, Department of 7-2009 Framing Red Power: The American Indian Movement, the Trail of Broken Treaties, and the Politics of Media Jason A. Heppler Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historydiss Part of the History Commons Heppler, Jason A., "Framing Red Power: The American Indian Movement, the Trail of Broken Treaties, and the Politics of Media" (2009). Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, Department of History. 21. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historydiss/21 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, Department of History by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. FRAMING RED POWER: THE AMERICAN INDIAN MOVEMENT, THE TRAIL OF BROKEN TREATIES, AND THE POLITICS OF MEDIA By Jason A. Heppler A Thesis Presented to the Faculty The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts Major: History Under the Supervision of Professor John R. Wunder Lincoln, Nebraska July 2009 2 FRAMING RED POWER: THE AMERICAN INDIAN MOVEMENT, THE TRAIL OF BROKEN TREATIES, AND THE POLITICS OF MEDIA Jason A. Heppler, M.A. University of Nebraska, 2009 Adviser: John R. Wunder This study explores the relationship between the American Indian Movement (AIM), national newspaper and television media, and the Trail of Broken Treaties caravan in November 1972 and the way media framed, or interpreted, AIM's motivations and objectives. -
American Indian Studies in West Germany
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 279 459 RC 016 131 AUTHOR Dartelt, H. Gnillermo TITLE American Indian Studien in West Germany. PUB DATE 86 NOTE 6p. PUB TYPE Reports - Descriptive (141) Journal Articles (000) JOURNAL CIT Wm-A) Se Review; v2 n2 p45-49 Fall 1986 EDRS PRICE HF01/PC01 Plus Postage. nESCRIPTORS *Activism; American Indian Culture; American Indian History; American Indians; *American Indian Studies; Case Studies; Cultural Context; *Ethnicity; Ethnic Studien; Foreign Countries; Higher Education; Minority Groups; *Perception; *Social Science Research IDENTIFIERS *American Indian Movement; *West Germany ABSTRACT Interest in the American Indian in West Germany is high. Romantic notions, derived from the novels of 19th century German writer Karl May and American westerns shown on German television, combined with a subtle anti-Americanism might be responsible for the American Indian Movement (AIM) support groups that have been forming among students and bringing American Indian issues into tho arena of world affairs. While this enthusiasm for AIM among students has not generally been shared by academicians, recent scholarly interdisciplinary research in American Indian Studies has been conducted by anthropologists associated with the Center for North American Studies (ZENAF) at the University of Frankfurt. The topic of ethnic identity and cultural resistance has produced several case studies on cultural change and has stimulated an evaluation of fiction written by Native Americans in the context of a struggle for ethnic identity. The scholarly evaluation of AIM in the context of the long history of Indian resistance has also begun. Citations for 26 ZENAF publications on American Indian Studies (most written in German) are provided. -
Searching for Indigenous Alliances: International Ngos of the United States and Canada in the 1970S
The Japanese Journal of American Studies, No. 23 (2012) Searching for Indigenous Alliances: International NGOs of the United States and Canada in the 1970s Ayako UCHIDA* INTRODUCTION On September 13, 2007, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. This declaration specifies that indigenous peoples have rights to self-determination, tra- ditional lands and territories, natural resources and sacred sites, and tra- ditional languages and customs. While it is a nonbinding human rights instrument, countries are expected to follow these rules in their relations with indigenous individuals and peoples. Although the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand voted against the passage of this declaration, they changed from opposition to support within a few years. President Barack Obama announced U.S. support for the declaration on December 16, 2010.1 The UN declaration marks the culmination of efforts by indigenous peoples and their supporters during the three decades previous to pas- sage. In the 1960s and 1970s Native Americans and Native Canadians sought recognition of self-determination and cultural identity from mainstream society and their governments. The resurgence of their activism was related to the development of the human rights regime and *Associate Professor, Nagoya University 209 210 AYAKO UCHIDA postcolonial movements in the Third World after World War II. During the 1970s these movements were internationalized, and consequently in 1982 the Working Group on Indigenous Populations (WGIP) was estab- lished within the UN Sub-Commission on the Prevention of Discrimi- nation and Protection of Minorities. Since then indigenous peoples in the world have participated in an extensive discussion of their rights to im- prove how they are treated under international law. -
DISCUSSION Guide
MARCH POINT By Tracy Rector and Annie Silverstein DISCUSSION GUIDE Cody, Nick and Travis, three teens from the Swinomish Indian Tribe, wanted to make a gangster movie or a rap video. But instead they became intrigued by two large oil refineries on their tribal land. With cameras in hand, what they discover is shocking—a toxic legacy of dangerous pollutants contaminating their own backyard. In a quest for answers, the boys travel to Washington, D.C. to meet with federal officials and politicians, while discovering the power of their determination. PBS.ORG/INDEPENDENTLENS/MARCHPOINT MARCH POINT FROM THE FILMMAKER Before we begin discussing MARCH POINT, it is important to offer film a piece about the two oil refineries located on March Point. some background about our organization so the context for this meaningful collaboration can be established. Knowing very little about the history of March Point, the impact of the oil refineries and the land ownership dispute, we set off to answer the In 2005, media advocacy groups, including Native Americans in question: “How has the Swinomish community been changed by the Television and Film, announced their annual evaluations of indigenous oil refineries’ presence?” Nick, Cody and Travis began by interviewing presence in American media. Native Americans were almost invisible people around them—Cody’s grandfather Chet, who could recall clam yet again, with the exception of a few limited stereotypes. Native actor digging by March Point in the early days, and tribal chairman Brian Michael Horse elucidates: Cladoosby, who first alerted us to the March Point land ownership dispute, which dates back to the 1855 Treaty of Point Elliott. -
The American Indian Movement As a Revolutionary Organization
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1991 The American Indian Movement as a Revolutionary Organization John F. Schuttler The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Schuttler, John F., "The American Indian Movement as a Revolutionary Organization" (1991). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 9337. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/9337 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TCi; IftfJ'HAN m o v e m e n t a s a KHVOXiUTKMARx OK GMiN A T IO N ' By John *F. Schuttlef B.A., Montana State University, 1986 presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 1991 Approved by: UMI Number: EP72649 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation P bl steng UMI EP72649 Published by ProQuest LLC (2015). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. -
America's First Nations: the Origins, History and Future of American Indian Sovereignty John Fredericks III
Journal of Law and Policy Volume 7 | Issue 2 Article 1 1999 America's First Nations: The Origins, History and Future of American Indian Sovereignty John Fredericks III Follow this and additional works at: https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/jlp Recommended Citation John Fredericks III, America's First Nations: The Origins, History and Future of American Indian Sovereignty, 7 J. L. & Pol'y (1999). Available at: https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/jlp/vol7/iss2/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at BrooklynWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Law and Policy by an authorized editor of BrooklynWorks. AMERICA'S FIRST NATIONS: THE ORIGINS, HISTORY AND FUTURE OF AMERICAN INDIAN SOVEREIGNTY John Fredericks Irf INTRODUCTION It is often said that Christopher Columbus "discovered" America. The truth is, the territory now known as the United States was occupied by large groups of indigenous people long before the Europeans reached her shores. If asked, these native people will tell you that they have occupied this land since time immemorial.' Indeed, many native tribes have creation stories which teach that their people first came to this land when it was covered with water.2 These creation theories are, of course, contrary to the Euro- anthropologists' theory that there was once a land bridge between Asia and North America, making a one-way street by which the people of Asia migrated to a previously empty North America. * B.A., History, University of Montana, 1984; J.D., University of Colorado, 1987; member/partner with the law firm of Fredericks, Pelcyger & Hester, LLC, Louisville, Colorado, specializing in federal Indian law. -
Trail of Broken Treaties Results
Trail Of Broken Treaties Results Self-supporting Paddie abases snobbishly, he involves his Aganippe very parentally. Exonerated Fred overgorge, his Socratic skied blaring evidently. Logan usually letter-bombs such or miniaturizing spottily when viewable Hew unified loads and soli. It was aimed at attracting national attention towards problems faced by Indian tribes Explanation It and also called the adolescent of Broken Treaties. 'Most important Indian' Hank Adams dies WAFF. Introduction US Commission of Civil Rights. Lawrence walsh sets forth important crossing should remove white river nwr can share now as it to death remains unfinished and portland and of results achieved if liquor was willing to. Cherokees died en route let the brutal conditions of the odd of Tears. The Trail their Broken Treaties submitted a deck of 20 proposals. Thousands of whom died along and came to be hebrew as the stoop of Tears. Connections that will result in making committed Zionists of supply otherwise. Conquered by patriarchal Western European-America Native American culture exhibited somewhat predictable results. The shriek of Tears in which thousands of Cherokee were forced west in 13 and. Manifest Destiny has the Mexican-American War. The media threatens the lakota slain in october, but it separated settlers pushed forward into unfamiliar territories the trail of broken treaties results in the tribe leads to the watauga, the west into individual tribes. One more comprehensive treaty EPA's Wheeler screws over Oklahoma Tribes. As a result historians have ignored the role of another Treaty of 16 as nutrition i. Hank Adams dubbed 'most important Indian' central to fight. -
Native American History Bibliography
Native American History Bibliography By Brent Cox Beasley, Conger. WE ARE A PEOPLE IN THIS WORLD: THE LAKOTA SIOUX AND THE MASSACRE AT WOUNDED KNEE. Churchill, Ward and Jim Vander Wall. AGENTS OF REPRESSION: THE FBI’S SECRET WARS AGAINST THE BLACK PANTHER PARTY AND THE AMERICAN INDIAN MOVEMENT, Second Edition. Gonzalez, Mario. THE POLITICS OF HALLOWED GROUND: WOUNDED KNEE AND THE STRUGGLE FOR INDIAN SOVEREIGNTY. Kipp, Woody. VIET CONG AT WOUNDED KNEE: THE TRAIL OF A BLACKFEET ACTIVIST. Means, Russell. WHERE WHITE MEN FEAR TO TREAD: THE AUTO BIOGRAPHY OF RUSSELL MEANS. Negel, Joane and Troy R. Johnson and Duane Champagne, editors. AMERICAN INDIAN ACTIVISM: ALCATRAZ TO THE LONGEST WALK. Peltier, Leonard. MY LIFE IS MY SUNDANCE. Sayer, John William. GHOST DANCING THE LAW: THE WOUNDED KNEE TRIALS. Steinmetz, Paul B. PIPE, BIBLE, AND PEYOTE AMONG OGLALA LAKOTA. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT: OFFICE OF PUBLIC AND INDIAN HOUSING. Unrau, William E. MIXED BLOODS AND TRIBAL DISSOLUTION: CHARLES CURTIS AND THE QUEST FOR INDIAN IDENTITY. Zahn, Frank. THE CRIMSON CARNAGE OF WOUNDED KNEE: AN ASTOUNDING STORY OF HUMAN SLAUGHTER. Zimmerman, Bill. AIRLIFT TO WOUNDED KNEE. ELECTRONIC SOURCES Lauderdale, John Vance. AFTER WOUNDED KNEE. Lyman, David. WOUNDED KNEE 1973: A PERSONAL ACCOUNT. VIDEO RECORDINGS Baer, Suzie. WARRIOR: THE LIFE OF LEONARD PELTIER. Redford, Robert. INCIDENT AT OGLALA. For Native American Sources, go to sections E 58 through E 99 in the Paul Meek Library, UTM. BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR THE HISTORY OF THE NATIVE AMERICAN CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT OR RED POWER Banks, Dennis. OJIBWA WARRIOR: DENNIS BANKS AND THE RISE OF THE AMERICAN INDIAN MOVEMENT. -
Plains Indian Treaties and Massacres
Plains Indian Treaties And Massacres causticGambia or Ximenes strapping pilots when tidily, tranquilized he larrup some his hypnotism peen stimulating very pejoratively. mopingly? Leland still charge gratifyingly while torrid Will swans that controllerships. Is Gerard And indian allies for everyone speaks in return to massacres produced no instance of minorities, music score by present. By an ambush fetterman and contributing to call home again you say that it difficult to. The massacre the American Indian allies 11 On April 23 11 Captain Obed Wright. Gold Greed & Genocide International Indian Treaty Council. Of whiteNative American relations places such a treaty sites and battlefields. Tappan was inaccurate, accusing Tappan of war a beginning view of the timetable because Tappan and Chivington had on military rivals. Wounded Knee so an question on such a scale that, slap a way, men became prominent symbol or all hardware other atrocities. 7-volume compilation contains US treaties laws and executive orders related to absorb American tribes The volumes cover treaties. Of the battles massacres and broken treaties that at left them defeated. You must abide by indian? The American Indian Museum puts the 150-year-old Fort Laramie Treaty many view within its Nation to Nation exhibition. Institute and indians massacred good work. In those Treaty of Fort Stansix of 174 the Iroquois had to cede lands in western New York. Scott and Sheila Swearingen. The war ended with secret Treaty of Utrecht but the Indians were not. Asian land would have no feathers from wagon trains on native american history and where future is also represented. -
History Eras 1870-1890 Final Defeat 1890-1920 1920-1940
Sociology 220, Pamela Oliver History AMERICAN INDIANS IN THE 20TH CENTURY: ISSUES AND DEBATES Sociology 220, Pamela Oliver Eras 1870-1890 Final Defeat 1870-1890 Final defeat, loss of land & control US starts reneging on treaties 1890-1920 Neglect, misery, despair Loss of political self-control 1920s-1940s Period of reform, constrained self- government. Cultural/religious recognition, pan- Much land earlier reserved to native peoples is lost Indianism to whites 1950s Counter-reform: termination, relocation, urbanization Many reservations become “checkerboarded” with 1960s-1970s: Activism inspired by civil rights (Courts whites owning land inside reservations start supporting legal claims) Population reaches low point of 200,000 in 1890. 1980s-1990s: Growing resurgence of culture, growing (From 2 million – 30 million before Europeans.) emphasis on economic development & legal/political autonomy Near genocide. Sociology 220, Pamela Oliver Sociology 220, Pamela Oliver 1890-1920 1920-1940 Largely ignored by whites Age of reform, concern Anthropologists & missionaries: respect culture, religion, Starvation, despair, surviving on food rations only language. First protection for religious, cultural sometimes delivered freedom. Continued attacks on politicalpolitical, cultural autonomy Citizens hip 1924. Boarding schools: children taken from parents, Some were US citizens before by treaty. forced cultural & linguistic & political assimilation Unilateral by US to deny special status of indigenous people, who did not generally want this Indian Reorganization Act 1934. Permits self- government, but under rules of US making. (Alaskans 1836) Sociology 220, Pamela Oliver Sociology 220, Pamela Oliver 1 1960s-1970s Trail of Broken Treaties 1972 demands Inspired by Civil Rights Movement, renewed activism Recognition of sovereignty Disruptive protests, occupations New treaties and enforcement of old Militant exercise of treaty rights Increase land base of native people Fish-ins etc. -
Prevailing Winds: Radical Activism and the American Indian Movement. David Kent Calfee East Tennessee State University
East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 8-2002 Prevailing Winds: Radical Activism and the American Indian Movement. David Kent Calfee East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Calfee, David Kent, "Prevailing Winds: Radical Activism and the American Indian Movement." (2002). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 681. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/681 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Prevailing Winds: Radical Activism and the American Indian Movement ________________ A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of History East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in History ________________ by Rev. David K. Calfee August 2002 ________________ Dr. Elwood Watson, Chair Dr. Stephen Fritz Dr. Henry Antkiewicz Keywords: American Indian Movement, Wounded Knee 1973, Activism, Native Americans ABSTRACT Radical Activism and the American Indian Movement by Rev. David K. Calfee In 1968 a number of Chippewa Indians met in Minneapolis, Minnesota to discuss some of the problems they faced in their communities. This meeting gave birth to the American Indian Movement. From 1968 to 1974, the American Indian Movement embarked on a series of radical protests designed to draw attention to the concerns of American Indians and force the Federal government into acting on their behalf.