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Elan Valley Meadows Respond to Different Inputs of Farmyard Manure (FYM) And/Or Lime in Terms of Soil Chemistry, Herbage Productivity and Changes in Species Diversity

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Elan Valley Meadows Respond to Different Inputs of Farmyard Manure (FYM) And/Or Lime in Terms of Soil Chemistry, Herbage Productivity and Changes in Species Diversity Conservation management of species-rich grasslands in the Elan Valley, Radnorshire M.J. Hayes & R.A. Lowther Natural Resources Wales Evidence Report No: 8 Date www.naturalresourceswales.gov.uk About Natural Resources Wales Natural Resources Wales is the organisation responsible for the work carried out by the three former organisations, the Countryside Council for Wales, Environment Agency Wales and Forestry Commission Wales. It is also responsible for some functions previously undertaken by Welsh Government. Our purpose is to ensure that the natural resources of Wales are sustainably maintained, used and enhanced, now and in the future. We work for the communities of Wales to protect people and their homes as much as possible from environmental incidents like flooding and pollution. We provide opportunities for people to learn, use and benefit from Wales' natural resources. We work to support Wales' economy by enabling the sustainable use of natural resources to support jobs and enterprise. We help businesses and developers to understand and consider environmental limits when they make important decisions. We work to maintain and improve the quality of the environment for everyone and we work towards making the environment and our natural resources more resilient to climate change and other pressures. www.naturalresourceswales.gov.uk Page 1 Evidence at Natural Resources Wales Natural Resources Wales is an evidence based organisation. We seek to ensure that our strategy, decisions, operations and advice to Welsh Government and others are underpinned by sound and quality-assured evidence. We recognise that it is critically important to have a good understanding of our changing environment. We will realise this vision by: • Maintaining and developing the technical specialist skills of our staff; • Securing our data and information; • Having a well resourced proactive programme of evidence work; • Continuing to review and add to our evidence to ensure it is fit for the challenges facing us; and • Communicating our evidence in an open and transparent way. This Evidence Report series serves as a record of work carried out or commissioned by Natural Resources Wales. It also helps us to share and promote use of our evidence by others and develop future collaborations. However, the views and recommendations presented in this report are not necessarily those of Natural Resources Wales and should, therefore, not be attributed to Natural Resources Wales. www.naturalresourceswales.gov.uk Page 2 Report series: Natural Resources Wales Evidence Report Report number: 8 Publication date: March 2014 Contract numbers: FC 73-01-494 & M140 TSG 09 MOA Contractor: Elan Valley Trust Contract Manager: S.L.N. Smith Title: Conservation management of species-rich grasslands in the Elan Valley, Radnorshire Author(s): M.J. Hayes 1, R.A. Lowther 2 Technical Editor: S.L.N. Smith Approved By: J. Sherry Restrictions: None Distribution List (core) Natural Resources Wales Library, Bangor 2 National Library of Wales 1 British Library 1 Welsh Government Library 1 Scottish Natural Heritage Library (Electronic only) 1 Natural England Library (Electronic only) 1 Distribution List (others) Elan Valley Trust, Rhayader (Electronic only) 1 Stuart Smith, Natural Resources Wales (Electronic only) 1 Caroline Moscrop, Natural Resources Wales (Electronic) 1 Recommended citation for this volume: Hayes M.J., Lowther R.A. 2014. Conservation management of species-rich grasslands in the Elan Valley, Radnorshire. Natural Resources Wales Evidence Report No: 8, 75 pp, Natural Resources Wales, Bangor 1 Corresponding author: M.J. Hayes, Phoenix Ecology Consultancy, 1 Picton Terrace, Aberarth, Aberaeron, Ceredigion, SA46 0LW, UK. www.phoenixecology.co.uk 2 [email protected] www.naturalresourceswales.gov.uk Page 3 Contents 1. Crynodeb Gweithredol ....................................................................................................7 2. Executive Summary........................................................................................................9 3. Foreword ......................................................................................................................11 4. Rehabilitation of Existing Species-rich Grassland – FYM Trial......................................12 4.1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................12 4.2. Methodology......................................................................................................................13 4.2.1. Experimental Design ......................................................................................................13 4.2.2. Individual Site Details .....................................................................................................15 4.2.3. Assessments ..................................................................................................................16 4.2.4. Data Analysis..................................................................................................................17 4.3. Findings.............................................................................................................................18 4.3.1. Soil Monitoring ................................................................................................................18 4.3.2. FYM Nutrient Content.....................................................................................................25 4.3.3. Effects of Nutrient Treatments on Dry-matter Hay Yields ..............................................25 4.3.4. Effects of Nutrient Treatments on Hay Quality...............................................................28 4.3.5. Effects of Nutrient Treatments on Botanical Diversity & Composition ...........................32 4.4. Conclusions.......................................................................................................................45 4.4.1. Suggested Recommendations for Nutrient Inputs to Individual Study Fields ................47 5. Expansion of Species-rich Grasslands by Restoration and Rehabilitation of Sites........49 5.1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................49 5.2. Methodologies...................................................................................................................50 5.2.1. Reinstatement of Traditional Hay Meadow Management ..............................................50 5.2.2. Creation of Species-rich grassland by Traditional Hay Meadow Management with addition of lime and seed introductions .........................................................................................50 5.2.4. Monitoring .......................................................................................................................52 5.3. Results and recommended actions ..................................................................................52 5.3.1. Tynllidiart Field 1.............................................................................................................52 5.3.2. Tynllidiart Field 2.............................................................................................................53 5.3.3. Hirnant ............................................................................................................................55 5.3.4. Penglaneinon..................................................................................................................56 5.3.5. Rhos yr Hafod.................................................................................................................57 6. Additional Activities.......................................................................................................65 7. Next Steps / Further Work ............................................................................................66 8. References ...................................................................................................................67 9. Acknowledgements.......................................................................................................69 10. Appendices...................................................................................................................70 Data Archive Appendix.........................................................................................................73 www.naturalresourceswales.gov.uk Page 4 List of Figures Figure 1. Locations of the five meadow sites used in the FYM trial.......................................14 Figure 2. Change in soil pH (0 – 7.5 cm depth) on main treatments between 2005 and 2013 (Means of all sites). ..............................................................................................................20 Figure 3. Trend lines for the ‘actual observed’ and ‘projected’ soil pH levels (0 – 7.5 cm depth) for untreated control plots (Nil FYM -lime) for the different field sites. ........................20 Figure 4. Dry matter yields (t/ha) for the three main FYM treatments (Nil, Low and High) from 2005 to 2013 (Means of Lime treatments and Field sites). ...................................................27 Figure 5. Changes in measures of species richness (mean numbers observed within quadrats) for main treatments between 2005 and 2013 (Means of all sites). ........................34 Figure 6. A comparison of mean weighted Ellenberg N-scores for the main treatments
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