American Chemical Society Division of the History of Chemistry

Newsletter, Program, and Abstracts

237th ACS National Meeting Salt Lake City, UT March 22-26, 2009

S. C. Rasmussen, Program Chair

DIVISION OF THE HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY

Chair: Janan M. Hayes Bulletin Editor: Paul R. Jones Merced College (retired) University of Michigan 6829 Barbara Lee Circle Department of Chemistry Sacramento, CA 95842 Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055 Phone: (916) 331-6886 Fax: (734) 647-4865 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

Chair-Elect: E. Thomas Strom Councilor: Mary Virginia Orna Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Department of Chemistry University of Texas at Arlington College of New Rochelle P. O. Box 19065 New Rochelle, NY 10805 Arlington, TX 76019-0065 Phone: (914) 654-5302 Phone: (817) 272-5441 Fax: (914) 654-5387 Fax: (817) 272-3808 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Councilor: Carmen Giunta Past Chair: Roger A. Egolf Le Moyne College Pennsylvania State University - 1419 Salt Springs Rd. Lehigh Valley Campus Syracuse, NY 13214-1399 8380 Mohr Lane Phone: (315) 445-4128 Fogelsville, PA 18051-9999 Fax: (315) 445-4540 Phone: (610) 285-5110 Email: [email protected] Fax: (610) 285-5220 Email: [email protected] Alternate Councilor: James L. (Jim) Marshall Box 305070, Department of Chemistry Secretary-Treasurer: Vera V. Mainz University of North Texas University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Denton, TX 76203-5070 School of Chemical Sciences Phone (940)-565-3377 142B RAL, Box 34 Noyes Lab FAX (940)-565-4318 600 S. Mathews Ave. Email: [email protected] Urbana, IL 61801 Phone: (217) 244-0564 Historian: James J. Bohning Fax: (217) 244-8068 Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University Email: [email protected] 6 E. Packer Ave., Bethlehem, PA 18015 Phone: (610) 758-3582 Program Chair: Seth C. Rasmussen Fax: (610) 758-6536 Dept. of Chemistry and Molecular Biology Email: [email protected] North Dakota State University NDSU Dept. 2735, P.O Box 6050 Archivist: John Sharkey Fargo, ND 58108-6050 Pace University Phone: (701) 231-8747 Department of Chemistry & Physical Sciences Fax: (701) 231-8831 One Pace Plaza Email: [email protected] New York, NY 10038-1502 Email: [email protected]

2 Mission Statement The Division of the History of Chemistry (HIST) of the American Chemical Society (ACS) seeks to advance knowledge and appreciation of the history of the chemical sciences among chemists, students, historians of science, and the broader public by

• Encouraging research and scholarship in history of the chemical sciences; • Providing a welcoming environment for the discussion of history of chemistry in a variety of venues, particularly in symposia at national ACS meetings; • Serving as a resource for chemical scientists in general, and members of the ACS in particular, who seek to understand the roots of their discipline, sub-discipline, or interdisciplinary subject; • Recognizing major achievements from the past in the chemical sciences and the individuals who made those achievements; • Publishing a scholarly journal in history of chemistry; • Interacting with other organizations interested in the history of science; and • Adding value to the ACS by helping it achieve its vision and missions.

Message from Jan Hayes, HIST Division Chair

Greetings, members of the Division of History of Chemistry: This is my first message to you as chair of the HIST Division. I consider it an honor that you selected me to be your chair for 2009 and 2010. Although I am not new to the HIST Division, I am new to the governance of the Division. So, I am trying to find out more about the needs, wants, desires, and passions of the HIST Division members. I feel these should drive the activities of the Division. To this end, I am working with immediate past chair Roger Egolf to continue a project of strategic planning for the Division. We have identified the major focal points for the HIST Division to be: 1) Membership – including new members and involving current members in meaningful activity; 2) The Bulletin of the History of Chemistry – continuing and improving its place as a valued peer-reviewed journal; 3) Awards – revisiting and enriching the value of the three awards given by the Division, and 4) Finances – maintaining a strong financial position while encouraging activities in support of the desires of the members. Roger and I would invite all Division members to attend a discussion on strategic planning to be held at the Salt Lake City meeting on Monday, March 23, at the Marriott Downtown Hotel, in Salon C starting at 1:00pm and running until the 2:30pm start of the symposium on Science History Study Tours. We hope you can join us for all or part of this discussion. If not, please share your ideas with me at [email protected]. The Salt Lake City meeting is the first meeting for Seth Rasmussen as program chair. I think you can see from this newsletter that he is off to an excellent start. But, please help him and Bulletin Editor Paul Jones by being willing to share. Share by giving a paper in a symposium, share by organizing a symposium, share by writing an article for the Bulletin. Many of you have wonderful knowledge that would be useful to others; please share your knowledge and your excitement. Finally, within the ACS there are a number of changes occurring for many reasons. But the dual impact of financial constraints on ACS, on our members, and on the chemical enterprise combined with the advance of technologies means that ACS in the future will have some differences from ACS in the

3 past. Help HIST be creative and forward looking. I know that is hard when we are all interested in history. Just remember, the only constant thing in life is change. Please take an active role in the HIST Division of the future. Jan Hayes, 2009/2010 HIST Chair

Report of Councilors, Division of the History of Chemistry ACS National Meeting, Philadelphia, PA, August 20, 2008

Election Results • The Committee on Nominations and Elections presented to the Council the following slate of nominees for membership on the Committee on Committees beginning in 2009: George M. Bodner, Cherlynlavaughn Bradley, Rigoberto Hernandez, Roland F. Hirsch, Ann H. Hunt, James M. Landis, Carol B. Libby, Roger A. Parker, Howard M. Peters, and Sara J. Risch. By written ballot, the Council elected Cherlynlavaughn Bradley, Rigoberto Hernandez, James M. Landis, Howard M. Peters, and Sara J. Risch for the 2009-2011 term. • The Committee on Nominations and Elections presented to the Council the following slate of nominees for membership on the Council Policy Committee beginning in 2009: R. Gerald Bass, Ray A. Dickie, Alan M. Ehrlich, Joseph A. Heppert, Pamela D. Kistler, Bonnie A. Lawlor, Mamie W. Moy and Eleanor D. Siebert. By written ballot, the Council elected Ray A. Dickie, Bonnie A. Lawlor, Mamie W. Moy, and Eleanor D. Siebert for the 2009-2011 term. • The Council Policy Committee presented to the Council the following slate of nominees for membership on the Committee on Nominations and Elections: V. Dean Adams, Roger F. Bartholomew, W. H. (Jack) Breazeale, Jr., Donald J. Burton, Kenneth G. Caulton, Dwight W. Chasar, Peter K. Dorhout, Catherine C. Fenselau, Morton Z. Hoffman, Peter C. Jurs, William R. Oliver, Robert A. Pribush, Andrea B. Twiss-Brooks, and Angela K. Wilson. By written ballot, the Council elected W. H. (Jack) Breazeale, Jr., Peter K. Dorhout, Catherine C. Fenselau, Peter C. Jurs, and Andrea B. Twiss-Brooks for the 2009-2011 term; Angela K. Wilson for the 2009-2010 term; and Dwight W. Chasar for the remainder of a 2007-2009 term.

Candidates for President-Elect and Board of Directors • The candidates for the fall 2007 ACS national election were announced as follows: President-Elect 2009 Joseph S. Francisco, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN Josef Michl, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO Directors-at-Large – 2009-2011 William F. Carroll, Jr., Occidental Chemical Corporation, Dallas, TX Richard L. Deming, California State University- Fullerton, Fullerton, CA Thomas R. Gilbert, Northeastern University, Boston, MA Marinda Li Wu, Science is Fun! Orinda, CA Director, District III 2009-2011 Pat N. Confalone, DuPont, Wilmington, DE Alan B. Cooper, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, NJ Director, District VI 2009-2011 Bonnie A. Charpentier, Metabolex, Inc., Hayward, CA Gary D. Christian, University of Washington, Seattle, WA

Petitions • The Council VOTED to accept the Petition on Society Affiliate Dues. The petition raises Society Affiliate dues to be equal to the (full) membership dues, while specifying that Society Affiliates are not subject to any of the discounts otherwise applicable to membership dues. To be valid, the petition next must be confirmed by the Board of Directors within 90 days, and will become effective five months following confirmation.

Committee Review • As part of a regular review, the Council VOTED to continue the Committee on Chemistry and Public Affairs, and the Committee on Patents and Related Matters. The Committee on Chemistry and Public Affairs is responsible for advice and recommendations for ACS action on public policy matters involving the chemical sciences and technologies. The Committee on Patents and Related Matters considers patents and other related items insofar as such consideration and possible action are appropriate under the Society’s Charter.

Registration Report and 2009 National Meeting Registration Fee • As of August 20, 2008, the ACS fall national meeting had attracted 13,800 registrants. Totals in select categories are as follows: Regular attendees 8,196; Students 3,087; Guests 481; Exhibit Only 546; and Exhibitors 1,490. In keeping with the objective of the National Meeting Long Range Financial Plan, previously approved by the Board of Directors and Council, the Meetings and Expositions Committee voted to support an increase of $10 for the 2009 national meetings advance registration fee.

Membership Activity • In 2007, the number of paid new members nominated by current ACS members was 1,559. Currently, there are 988 paid new member applications. The Society’s Member-Get-a-Member program is on track to have its best year ever.

Professional Employment Guidelines • The Committee on Economic and Professional Affairs submitted its latest version of the Professional Employment Guidelines for consideration. These guidelines offer a broad spectrum of recommended practices in employment for professional scientists and their employers. The Council will vote on the Professional Employment Guidelines at the 2009 spring meeting in Salt Lake City.

Revision of the Division Funding Formula and Formation of a New Division • After a motion to recommit failed, the Council VOTED, as recommended by the Divisional Activities Committee (DAC), to accept a revised division funding (allocation) formula. DAC reported that the formula improves clarity, offers simplicity, and rewards collaborative programming between divisions. The change will take effect in 2009 for 2008 activities. • The Council also VOTED to approve the formation of the Probationary Division of Catalysis Science and Technology. The primary objective of this probationary division is to provide a “home” for the chemical science of catalysis within the ACS in a way that will also insure a continual connection between this science and the essential chemical technology of catalysis.

5 Special Discussion Item • A special discussion item was put on the Council agenda by President Bruce Bursten. The discussion focused on Achieving Sustainability (e.g., Energy, Water, Food): What can/should ACS do to address this key global scientific challenge? To kick off the discussion, ACS Board Chair Judy Benham invited Council to participate in identifying the challenges and developing solutions. She highlighted new and ongoing activities, such as the Global Challenges/Chemistry Solutions podcasts and related information, available online at www.acs.org/globalchallenges. She also sought Council input on member involvement and ACS programming in support of Goal #3 of the Strategic Plan: "ACS will be a global leader in enlisting the world's scientific professionals to address, through chemistry, the challenges facing our world." Councilors engaged in a robust exchange, offering several useful comments and suggestions to address how the Society might develop initiatives to address sustainability of the world's resources, including energy, water, and food. Thirty-five councilors offered a wide variety of suggestions, which will be studied. Councilors and others who have ideas should send them to [email protected].

Reports from the Board of Directors and the various committees of the Board, the Council, the Joint Board-Council, and Standing Committees followed.

Activities of HIST Councilors Carmen Giunta serves as an associate on the Divisional Activities Committee (DAC) and on the Committee on Nomenclature, Terminology, and Symbols (NOM). In Council, he voted for the division funding formula proposed by DAC, despite some reservations, and he will continue to keep track of the formula’s consequences and other possible changes as the matter is followed up within DAC. The DAC subcommittee on Constitution and Bylaws passed the affiliation proposed between HIST and the Chemical Heritage Foundation. The DAC subcommittee on divisional enhancement approved both of the HIST division’s innovative project proposals for symposia at the Spring 2009 national meeting; congratulations to proposal authors Jan Hayes and Mary Virginia Orna. DAC will now entertained innovative project proposals at both national meetings, with February 1 and July 1 deadlines. Mary Virginia Orna continues serving the first of her three-year term on the Council Policy Committee (CPC), which acts as the Executive Committee of the Council as a whole. She is also serving on the CPC Subcommittee on Constitution and Bylaws and the CPC Long-Range Planning Committee. In the latter capacity she is working with other ACS entities to help new Councilors become aware of the ACS Strategic Plan and how to interface with it in a variety of ways. If any of the HIST membership would like to know more about the plan and how each member could possibly contribute to ACS goals, please contact her at [email protected]. Carmen Giunta, Mary Virginia Orna, Councilors

Trevor H. Levere to Receive the 2009 Edelstein Award

The Division of the History of Chemistry of the American Chemical Society (HIST) announces that Trevor H. Levere, University Professor Emeritus at the Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology (IHPST) at the University of Toronto, has been selected to receive the 2009 Sidney M. Edelstein Award for Outstanding Achievement in the History of Chemistry.

Levere was chosen from a group of international nominees because of the breadth and depth of his historical interests, his research productivity, his understanding of the intellectual and contextual aspects of the history of chemistry, and his promotion of the history of science in Canada.

Starting as an undergraduate chemistry major at Oxford in 1962, Levere changed his focus to the history of chemistry and published his B.A. thesis in Martinus van Marum in 1969. Continuing on at Oxford under A.C. Crombie, Levere received his D.Phil. in 1969 with a thesis that appeared in 1971 as Affinity and Matter: Elements of Chemical Philosophy 1800–1865, a work that still remains an essential reference for historians of chemistry. His historical productivity since then has been far- ranging, including not only the traditional eighteenth- and nineteenth-century history of European chemistry but also including the history of Canada, the history of exploration, and the history of scientific apparatus. His Transforming Matter: A History of Chemistry from Alchemy to the Buckyball, appearing in 2001, is often considered one of the best histories of chemistry in several decades, presenting the subject in a readable style to a large audience beyond the specialist. Levere’s entire career was spent at the University of Toronto, where he has played a major role in building the IHPST into an organization of international importance.

The Edelstein Award consists of an engraved plaque and a check for $3500. It is supported by HIST and the Chemical Heritage Foundation of Philadelphia and will be presented to Levere at the fall national meeting of the American Chemical Society in Washington, DC in August 2009. Additional information about the award can be found on the HIST website at http://www.scs.uiuc.edu/~mainzv/HIST/awards/edelstein.php.

HIST Symposia, 237th ACS Meeting in Salt Lake City, UT March 22-26, 2009 Schedules and abstracts are listed at the end of this Newsletter.

Science History Study Tours: Global Perspectives. This symposium will document the development of the science history study tour from its beginnings with the work of John Wotiz up to and beyond the present by also looking at non-Eurocentric possibilities in Israel and other places. Originally conceived to visit places where actual historical chemistry and physics took place, such as the Cavendish Laboratories at Cambridge, many of the more recent tours have concentrated on collections of items in key museum such as the Volta Museum in Como. Papers will describe the planning and execution of these tours, which could have a duration of anywhere from two to eight weeks and carry continuing education credits. Two papers will show how specific discoveries can be incorporated into the chemistry curriculum, and two others will speculate on how such study tours might play out in some very unusual places. The symposium will be Monday afternoon, March 23, in the Marriott Downtown Hotel, Solitude Room. Mary Virginia Orna, Organizer

Henry Eyring, His Science and His Legacy The Henry Eyring Symposium is the first in a series of symposia that visit the science and legacy of former ACS Presidents. The six symposium speakers will approach Eyring’s life and science from different perspectives – as students, as colleagues, as coauthors, as mentees, and as friends. By the end

7 of the symposium the attendees will have a deeper understanding of the vast amount and depth of chemistry done by Henry Eyring. But Henry’s ability to apply his knowledge and experience to a variety of fields far beyond traditional chemistry will also be explored. He was the multidiscipline scientist star of his era. Another facet of Eyring that will be looked at is his example as a teacher, as a student and as leader of chemists and other scientists. Symposium attendees will also receive a program containing key articles about and by Henry Eyring as a useful future resource. The symposium will be Tuesday morning, March 24, in the Marriott Downtown Hotel, Salon C. Jan M. Hayes, Organizer

HIST Business Meeting At 1:00 pm on Monday, March 23, HIST will hold an open business meeting.

HIST Cosponsored Events

ACS Award for Encouraging Women into Careers in the Chemical Sciences: Symposium in Honor of Mary F. Singleton [Sponsored by WCC, Cosponsored by HIST, PROF, and CEPA] Janet L Bryant, Amber S. Hinkle, Deborah A. McCarthy, Marinda Li Wu, Organizers

UPCOMING NATIONAL MEETINGS AND HIST DEADLINE Offerings are subject to change. Check the HIST website for updates.

WASHINGTON DC, August 16-20, 2009 Submit your abstract via the ACS Electronic Submission System (OASYS) by March 27, 2009. If you do not have access to a computer for use in the submission, contact Seth Rasmussen. Check the call for papers in Chemical and Engineering News or the ACS website for changes in the abstract deadlines. Symposia ideas are still being accepted.

General Papers. (Seeking contributors) Seth C. Rasmussen, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, Phone: (701) 231-8747, Email: [email protected]

The Heritage of Chemistry: A Symposium to Honor Arnold Thackray. (Invited) Jeffrey I. Seeman, SaddlePoint Frontiers, 12001 Bollingbrook Place, Richmond, VA 23236, Phone: (804) 794- 1218, Email: [email protected]

Classic Books in Chemistry VI – The Language of Chemistry. (Invited) [co-sponsors: Bolton Society; CINF] James J. Bohning, Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E. Packer Ave, Bethlehem, PA 18015, Phone: (610) 758-3582, Fax: (610) 758-6536, Email: [email protected]; Ned D. Heindel, , Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Seeley G. Mudd Lab, Bethlehem, PA 18015, Phone: (610) 758-3464, Fax: (610) 758-3461), Email: [email protected]

Edelstein Award Symposium Honoring Trevor Levere. (Invited) Seth C. Rasmussen, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, Phone: (701) 231-8747, Email: [email protected]

8 SAN FRANCISCO, March 21-25, 2009

100+ Years of Plastics: Leo Baekeland and Beyond. (Seeking contributors) E. Thomas Strom, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, P. O. Box 19065, Arlington, TX 76019-0065, Phone: (817) 272-5441, Fax: (817) 272-3808, Email: [email protected]

News from the Chemical Heritage Foundation The Chemical Heritage Foundation (CHF) serves the community of the chemical and molecular sciences, and the wider public, by treasuring the past, educating the present, and inspiring the future. CHF maintains a world-class collection of materials that document the history and heritage of the chemical and molecular sciences, technologies, and industries; encourages research in its collections; and carries out a program of outreach and interpretation in order to advance an understanding of the role of the chemical and molecular sciences, technologies, and industries in shaping society.

Chemical Heritage Foundation to Present 2009 Othmer Gold Medal to Ahmed Zewail The Chemical Heritage Foundation (CHF) has named Ahmed Zewail, Nobel laureate in chemistry (1999), to receive the 2009 Othmer Gold Medal. The award ceremony and the annual Othmer Gold Medal luncheon will open the seventh annual Heritage Day on Thursday, 14 May 2009. This full day of awards and honors begins with the 12th annual Othmer Gold Medal luncheon.

Zewail received the Nobel Prize in 1999 for showing that it is possible with ultrarapid laser technique to see how atoms in a molecule move during a chemical reaction. A pioneer in chemical physics, Ahmed Zewail’s work helped create the new field of femtochemistry, the study of matter on the femtosecond (10-15 second) timescale, which makes it possible to observe atoms in motion and the transition states of chemical transformations. The primary goal of his research since has been in the development of the field of four-dimensional (4D) Electron Microscopy for space-time visualization of materials and biological functions. Zewail is also devoted to enhancing public awareness of the value of fundamental research and helping populations in developing nations through the promotion of science and technology. He is the third Egyptian-born recipient of the Nobel prize, and the first to receive a Nobel in science.

Chemical Heritage Foundation Names Shelley Wilks Geehr Director, Roy Eddleman Institute for Interpretation and Education The Chemical Heritage Foundation (CHF) has named Shelley Wilks Geehr its director of the Roy Eddleman Institute for Interpretation and Education. She will lead CHF's public outreach and education efforts including: the publication of Chemical Heritage magazine; the Distillations podcast; “Periodic Tabloid;” and future staff blogs; and outreach programs to bring the content of CHF’s new museum to everyone interested in the history of chemistry, both through visits and informal education programs. Geehr will also oversee CHF’s Web site and bring its popular online history resources to a wider audience around the world. She has worked more than ten years at CHF in publishing and educational outreach, both in print and online.

9 Contributions from the Historical Group of the Royal Society of Chemistry The Historical Group exists to encourage an interest in the history of chemistry and chemical industry among members of the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) and others. Membership is open to non- members of the RSC and embraces a wide range from those whose interest in the history of chemistry is a hobby to teachers of chemistry at all levels and professional historians. The Group holds twice- yearly meetings when academic papers are read and discussed. Summaries of papers read at these meetings are included in the Historical Group Newsletter along with reviews of recent books in the subject and news of other meetings and forthcoming events. The Newsletter is published twice yearly. Contributions of not more than 500 words on topics of current interest in the history of chemistry are invited for inclusion at the discretion of the Editor. For more information, go to http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/rschg/. For membership forms, contact Dr. John Hudson, membership secretary, [email protected].

Meeting and Conference Reports

Creating a New Rainbow: Dyes after Perkin. Thursday February 14, 2008, Council Chamber, Burlington House, jointly with the RSC Chilterns and Middlesex section, organized by Chris Cooksey and Peter Morris. The talks dealt with aspects of dyes and the dye industry after Perkin’s discovery of mauve in 1846. A capacity attendance and a lively meeting.

Conservation in Context. Friday 25 July 2008, in the Faraday theatre of the Royal Institution (RI), held jointly with the RI. The organizers were Frank James and Katharine St. Paul, and there was an evening reception on July 24 at the RI. Some 130 people attended this excellent event.

The Chemist in Non-chemical Industries. Friday October 28, 2008 in the Council Chamber, organized by John Hudson. Covered chemists in brewing, ceramics, the railways, food, photography and nuclear power. There were 50 members at this very successful and stimulating meeting.

Forthcoming Meetings

Organometallic Chemistry: Past and Present. Friday March 20 2009 in the Council Chamber, Burlington House, organized by Bill Griffith; joint meeting with the RSC Chilterns and Middlesex Section. A Wheeler award will be presented to Colin Russell after his lecture on Sir Edward Frankland. The AGM will be held that day. Pharmacy in History. A joint meeting with SHAC and the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries on Tuesday May 12, 2009, organized by the Society of Apothecaries. Chemistry and the Law. Friday October 23 2009 in the Council Chamber, Burlington House, organized by Peter Reed.

10 HIST DIVISION OF THE HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY

Final Program, 237th ACS National Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT, March 22-26, 2009

S. C. Rasmussen, Program Chair BUSINESS MEETING: HIST Business Meeting, 1:00 pm: Mon

MONDAY MORNING

Marriott Downtown -- Solitude

General Papers S. C. Rasmussen, Organizer, Presiding

10:00 —1. Protein wars: Controversies in the early history of protein structure and function. J. S. Jeffers 10:30 —2. Neil Bartlett: A lifetime of accomplishment. K. Kostecka 11:00 —3. History of microencapsulation. C. Thies

MONDAY AFTERNOON

Marriott Downtown -- Solitude

Science History Study Tours: Global Perspectives M. V. Orna, Organizer, Presiding

2:30 —4. Chemistry is everywhere. M. V. Orna 2:50 —5. "You can't miss it": A pictorial revisit of the John Wotiz tour of 1985. L. Westmoreland 3:15 —6. In the footsteps of the great: Exploring cathedrals of science. Y. Twomey 3:40 —7. Tycho Brahe, the island of Hven, and the Rundetaarn. D. A. Katz 4:00 — Intermission. 4:10 —8. The German nuclear reactor at Haigerloch. D. A. Katz 4:30 —9. A virtual chemical history tour of ancient Israel. Z. C. Koren 4:55 —10. Flights of fancy: Study tours off the beaten path. C. J. Giunta

11 TUESDAY MORNING

Marriott Downtown -- Salon C

Henry Eyring, His Science and His Legacy J. M. Hayes, Organizer, Presiding

8:00 — Introductory Remarks. 8:10 —11. Henry Eyring: A model life. S. M. Kuznicki 8:45 —12. Henry Eyring's role in U. S. theoretical chemistry. J. Simons 9:20 —13. Henry Eyring and "Quantum Chemistry". G. D. Patterson 9:55 — Intermission. 10:10 —14. Henry Eyring: Mentor, models of research and emerging protein. D. W. Urry 10:45 —15. Henry Eyring: A mentor and a colleague. J. Michl 11:20 —16. Henry Eyring: Statistical mechanics and dynamics, significant structure theory. D. J. Henderson 11:55 —17. Henry Eyring: A model for young chemists. J. M. Hayes

TUESDAY AFTERNOON

ACS Award for Encouraging Women into Careers in the Chemical Sciences: Symposium in Honor of Mary F. Singleton

Sponsored by WCC, Cosponsored by HIST‡, PROF, and CEPA

12 Abstracts

HIST 1: Protein wars: Controversies in the early history of protein structure and function Joe S. Jeffers, [email protected], Department of Chemistry, Ouachita Baptist University, 410 Ouachita Street, Box 3786, Arkadelphia, AR 71998-0001, Fax: 870-245-5241, Phone: 870 245 5216

Several controversial exchanges will be presented -- for example, the nineteenth-century dispute between Justus Liebig and Gerrit Mulder on protein structure; the debate between Hermann Staudinger (Nobel Prize 1953) and the colloidal chemists on whether or not proteins are macromolecules; and the dispute between James Sumner (Nobel Prize 1946) and Richard Willstätter (Nobel Prize 1916) on whether or not enzymes are proteins.

HIST 2: Neil Bartlett: A lifetime of accomplishment Keith Kostecka, [email protected], Science and Mathematics Department, Columbia College - Chicago, 600 S. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL 60605, Fax: 312-369-8075, Phone: 312-369-7182

Neil Bartlett (1932-2008) was an individual who, though well known for his significant discovery of the first noble gas compound, also did significant research in the general field of fluorine chemistry. He became “hooked” on chemistry at an early age, studied at King's College at the University of Durham, held a lecturer-ship at the University of British Columbia and later worked at Princeton University and the University of California at Berkeley. Bartlett also held a special interest in the stabilization of unusually high oxidation states of elements and in applying this work to the advancement of chemistry. In addition, he also contributed to understanding thermodynamic, structural and bonding considerations of chemical reactions. Furthermore, novel synthetic approaches were developed by Bartlett to give unstable binary fluorides. He also discovered many new metallic graphite compounds, including some that hold promise as powerful battery materials.

HIST 3: History of microencapsulation Curt Thies, [email protected], Thies Technology, 921 American Pacific Dr, Suite 309, Henderson, NV 89014, Fax: 702-567-8307, Phone: 702-567-8206

Since carbonless copy paper was commercialized in the 1950's, microencapsulation has evolved into a coating technology used globally by many industries. In this lecture, the author will use his 44 years of experience to trace microencapsulation technology from its beginnings at NCR to its current state of development. This presentation will discuss how many current encapsulation processes are refinements of processes developed prior to 1975, but refinements made over the years have had a major effect on their successful use. It will also be noted that microencapsulation has long been viewed as more of an art than a science. However, advances in characterization techniques plus studies by a diverse range of technical personal around the globe are developing a scientific foundation on which future encapsulation advances will be based. This is why the author believes the future of microencapsulation technology is much greater than its past.

HIST 4: Chemistry is everywhere Mary Virginia Orna, [email protected], Department of Chemistry, College of New Rochelle, 29 Castle Place, New Rochelle, NY 10805, Fax: 914-654-5387, Phone: 914-310-0351

13 Learning chemistry through travel to sites where the chemistry actually happened is a privilege available only since the latter part of the past century. This paper will describe how such travel can interface with the professional goals of chemists in academe, industry, and other areas of endeavor.

HIST 5: "You can't miss it": A pictorial revisit of the John Wotiz tour of 1985 Larry Westmoreland, [email protected], 1320 Central Court, Edmond, OK 73034-4356, Phone: (405) 570-2851

For several years, Dr. John Wotiz of the University of Southern Illinois organized tours to sites of historical importance to Chemistry in Europe. The tour of 1985 was typical, and included visits to numerous museums, universities, monuments and mining districts in 11 countries over a period of 8 weeks. There were 21 participants who traveled in 5 new Peugeots, purchased in Paris, and returned to Paris at the end of the tour. Visits to sites often included private tours, guest lectures and wonderful hosted lunches or dinners. Travel between sites was at the discretion of each car driver, which allowed for a great deal of flexibility and independent exploration. (And the opportunity to get lost numerous times!) Individuals who have traveled to Europe recently, will be amazed to know that the cost of the 1985 tour was $3450, and at the conclusion of the tour there was a $409 rebate! John was an exceptional organizer, and was very much appreciated by all who were able to take part in one of his tours.

HIST 6: In the footsteps of the great: Exploring cathedrals of science Yvonne Twomey, [email protected], P.O. Box 4707, Naperville, IL 60540, Fax: 630-961-1610, Phone: 630-961-9811

This symposium aims to show that visits to places important in the history of science provide teachers with interesting experiences to use in broadening their science curricula. In this presentation, I hope to give those interested in such ‘scientific travel' an insight into the way I research visits for study tours that I organize for teachers and others. I will mention some features of tours exploring14 European countries that I have planned for our non-profit group Science History Tours over the past 12 years, but will refer primarily to the 15-day visit to France made in June 2008. While the theme that emerged for the 2008 study tour was "19th century chemistry" visits relating to other branches of science were included to enable science teachers of all stripes to find something useful. Constructing such a tour lasts more than a year; it involves extensive research, first in the literature and through personal contacts, then making visits to check the proposed route, visit prospective sites, hold discussions with hosts or lecturers and inspect hotels and restaurants. Advance trips by the organizer are essential to make tours run smoothly; they also produce a wealth of useful local information gathered along the way.

HIST 7: Tycho Brahe, the island of Hven, and the Rundetaarn David A. Katz, [email protected], Department of Chemistry, Pima Community College - West Campus, 2202 W. Anklam Rd, Tucson, AZ 85709, Fax: 520-206-6092, Phone: 520-206-6044

The Science History Tour of 2007, through northern Germany, Denmark, and Sweden followed the theme of astronomy, astronomical clocks, and the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus. The Tycho Brahe museum on the island of Hven and the Rundetaarn (the round tower) gave insight to the life and times of this astronomer and his measurements of astrological phenomena.

HIST 8: The German nuclear reactor at Haigerloch David A. Katz, [email protected], Department of Chemistry, Pima Community College - West Campus, 2202 W. Anklam Rd, Tucson, AZ 85709, Fax: 520-206-6092, Phone: 520-206-6044

The Science History Tour of 2004 visited the Atomkeller museum, site of the German nuclear reactor experiment, known as the "B8 Experiment”, carried out at the end of March and the beginning of April, 1945. A subsequent trip to Norway, by this author, following the Science History Tour of 2007, included a visit to the Resistance Museum in Oslo and former site of the heavy water plant at Telemark to complete the story of the German nuclear reactor.

HIST 9: A virtual chemical history tour of ancient Israel Zvi C. Koren, [email protected], Edelstein Center for the Analysis of Ancient Artifacts, Department of Chemical Engineering, Shenkar College of Engineering and Design, 12 Anna Frank Street, 52526 Ramat-Gan, Israel, Phone: 011-972-54-8050066

The talk will take the audience through a scientific time warp spanning thousands of years of pre- and post-biblical history in an ancient land that has shaped modern western civilization. The scientific study of past societies, especially through chemical investigations, opens a historical window to understanding the technological developments of ancient cultures, the materials it used, the extent of international commerce in goods and crafts, and the way of life of ancient peoples. For example, the Dead Sea scrolls of Qumran and related Judean Desert sites have undergone carbon-14 dating, the nature of the ink used was studied, and conservation methods were developed to preserve them for future generations. Chemical studies have also been conducted on the finds from other Judean sites such as King Herod's Masada fortress palace and Bar Kokhba's Cave of Letters. Archaeometric investigations and provenance studies were performed on metal tools and weapons, ceramics, and clay objects excavated from underwater archaeological sites of the Mediterranean Levantine coast, from Zippori (Sepphoris) in the Galilee north, and from the ancient city of Beersheba in the south. Chromatographic analyses of dyes and pigments from various eras have shed light on the fashionable colors adorning the textiles of past societies.

HIST 10: Flights of fancy: Study tours off the beaten path Carmen J. Giunta, [email protected], Department of Chemistry and Physics, Le Moyne College, 1419 Salt Springs Rd, Syracuse, NY 13214-1399, Fax: 315-445-4540, Phone: 315-445-4128

This presentation examines some of the challenges and opportunities of designing a history of chemistry study tour to destinations outside Europe and North America. Which sites in Asia, Africa, or South America might such a tour visit? What are the logistical resources and obstacles? Potential itineraries will be presented, assuming that the tour takers have limited time and funds.

HIST 11: Henry Eyring: A model life Steven M Kuznicki, [email protected], Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, ECERF W7-002, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada, Phone: 780-492-8819

Dr. Henry Eyring saw the world in simple terms, and modeled all that went on around him. His elegantly simple models, as crystallized in the Absolute Rate Theory, fundamentally changed the way

15 that we look at chemical reactions. It was in simplifying that Henry found great truth. The lesson of Dr. Eyring's life is that simple people, people just like you and me, can change the world. You do it every day, without recognizing it. And you have the potential to change the world much more if only you can understand and use the gifts you have been given.

HIST 12: Henry Eyring's role in U. S. theoretical chemistry Jack Simons, [email protected], Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, Fax: 801-581-4353, Phone: 801-581-8023

The role of theoretical chemistry in U. S. chemistry research and education will be discussed with a special emphasis on the central role that the late Professor Henry Eyring played in its development, advancement, and applications to important chemical problems.

HIST 13: Henry Eyring and "Quantum Chemistry" Gary D. Patterson, [email protected], Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, Fax: 412-268-6897, Phone: 412-268-3324

The first generation of American physical chemists went to Germany to learn in the laboratories of men like Ostwald and Bunsen. The development of quantum mechanics in the 1920's led to another wave of intrepid Americans visiting Germany. Henry Eyring used his National Research Foundation Fellowship to study at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin with Michael Polanyi. Upon his return and appointment at Princeton University in 1931, he taught a graduate course in chemical applications of quantum mechanics. John Wiley was quick to suggest that he turn his lecture notes into an actual text in Quantum Chemistry. The project proceeded slowly and eventually coauthors(John Walter and George Kimball) were recruited to help finish the task. The book finally appeared in 1944. It has been a commercial success and remained in print and actively used in chemistry departments into the 70's. The book presents rigorous treatments of the mathematics of quantum mechanics, but the emphasis is on actual applications to chemistry. Both stationary state and dynamic issues are treated. Spectroscopy is thoroughly presented. The book all points to the chapter on the quantum mechanical theory of reaction rates. Henry Eyring won almost every prize in chemistry but the Nobel Prize. His chief book reflected his passion for explaining the chemistry observed in the laboratory in terms that could be grounded in rigorous theory, but which were simple enough to serve as a guide for every chemist.

HIST 14: Henry Eyring: Mentor, models of research and emerging protein Dan W. Urry, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 510 20th Street South, FOT 1203, Birmingham, AL 35294-3412, Phone: 205-979-4293

Henry Eyring was both a mentor and a teacher. I will give some anecdotes about his lecturing style and its relevance to his approach to research; his kindness and charity toward students, his elementary formulation of statistical mechanics and its relevance to chain entropy and to the Eyring significant structure theory of liquids. I will also discuss how the insights arising from the latter two lead to an understanding of the role of elastic deformation and of hydration structures in protein structure and function.

16 HIST 15: Henry Eyring: A mentor and a colleague Josef Michl, [email protected], Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0215, Fax: 303-492-0799, Phone: 303-492-6519

I will provide a brief personal account of what I owe to Henry Eyring from my first dozen years as a beginning faculty member.

HIST 16: Henry Eyring: Statistical mechanics and dynamics, significant structure theory Douglas J. Henderson, [email protected], Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84092, Phone: 801-422-5934

The book "Statistical Mechanics and Dynamics" was one of Henry Eyring's last scientific contributions. The second edition appeared just after he passed away. The book exemplified his 'inductive-deductive' approach to science. The first chapter presents an interesting approach. For example, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics are derived from rate theory. This is followed by chapters in which the same material is repeated but obtained rigorously. In this book he prsented his thoughts concerning the properties of liquids, namely significant structure theory. This theory was criticized at the time and is no longer pursed. However, by focusing on the volume rather than the temperature, as the significant variable, it anticipated later developments.

HIST 17: Henry Eyring: A model for young chemists Janan M. Hayes, [email protected], Project Inclusion, 6829 Barbara Lee Circle, Sacramento, CA 95842, Phone: 916-331-6886

As a conclusion to this symposium on Henry Eyring, I will summarize the qualities and experiences of Henry Eyring which make him a model for all scientists in their pursuit of knowledge. Eyring is model for younger (new to the profession) chemists, but he is also a model to all scientists.