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University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation PERCEIVED AUTHENTIC PALETTES FOR CONTEMPORARY CHINESE RESTAURANT INTERIORS: A COLOR AND CULTURE COMPARISON BETWEEN CHINESE AND AMERICAN YOUNG PEOPLE By TIAN XU A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF INTERIOR DESIGN UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2016 © 2016 Tian Xu To my family, especially my mom, Lianghua Ma, my dad, Zhiqiang Xu, and my husband, Luyi Yan, who have always shown me unconditional love and support ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my thesis chair, Dr. Margaret Portillo for continuous guidance throughout my thesis study, for her patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge. Her guidance helped me in all the stages of research and writing of this thesis. I could not have imagined having a better advisor and mentor for my master’s study. Besides my thesis chair, I would like to thank my other committee member, Professor Jason Meneely, for his encouragement, insightful comments, and hard questions. Last but not the least, I would like to thank my family: my parents Zhiqiang Xu and Lianghua Ma, for giving birth to me in the first place and supporting me spiritually throughout my life. I would like to express thanks to my husband, Luyi, Yan, and my two lovely cats, Kimi Yan and Xiaobai Xu. They always encourage me with unconditional love and support, which helps me get through difficult times in my life. To them, I dedicate this thesis. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ 7 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... 8 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... 10 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 12 Background ............................................................................................................. 12 Research Purpose and Questions .......................................................................... 17 Definition of Terms .................................................................................................. 18 2 LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................... 19 The History of Authentic Chinese Color .................................................................. 19 Chinese Color Theory ............................................................................................. 25 Color Characteristic in Chinese Environment Design ............................................. 27 Color in Traditional Environments .................................................................... 27 Color in Contemporary Environments .............................................................. 31 Color Preference in Cross-cultural Studies ............................................................. 34 Color Planning and Design Thinking Styles ............................................................ 38 3 RESEARCH METHODS ........................................................................................ 41 Participants ............................................................................................................. 41 Study Setting .......................................................................................................... 42 Instruments ............................................................................................................. 49 Data Collection ....................................................................................................... 50 Data Analysis .......................................................................................................... 51 Limitations ............................................................................................................... 52 4 RESULTS ............................................................................................................... 54 Characteristics of the Sample ................................................................................. 54 Reliability of Measures ............................................................................................ 55 Subtractive Color Dimensions ................................................................................. 57 Hue ................................................................................................................... 57 Value ................................................................................................................ 57 Chroma............................................................................................................. 59 Color Planning and Design Thinking Styles ...................................................... 60 5 Hue ......................................................................................................................... 63 Value....................................................................................................................... 67 Chroma ................................................................................................................... 68 Analysis in Munsell Color System ........................................................................... 80 Color Planning and Design Think Styles ................................................................. 81 5 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................... 91 Cross-Cultural Comparisons of Authentic Chinese Color Palettes ......................... 91 Color Preference ..................................................................................................... 96 Color and Lighting ................................................................................................... 98 Color Planning and Design Thinking Styles .......................................................... 100 Implications and Further Research ....................................................................... 100 APPENDIX A IRB APPROVAL .................................................................................................... 103 B CONSENT FORM ................................................................................................. 104 C SURVEY INSTRUMENT ...................................................................................... 105 D DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION ......................................................................... 106 E ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR CC LIVE PAINT BUCKET DEMO .................................. 107 F CHINESE COLOR PREFERENCES ..................................................................... 109 G AMERICAN COLOR PREFERENCES ................................................................. 114 H OFFICIAL CHINESE DYNASTY PALETTES........................................................ 119 LIST OF REFERENCES ............................................................................................. 124 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .......................................................................................... 129 6 LIST OF TABLES Table page 2-1 Official Colors of Chinese Regimes ..................................................................... 22 2-2 The Integral System between Five Colors, Five Elements, Five Directions, Five Climates and Five Meanings ....................................................................... 27 2-3 Color meaning in different cultures ...................................................................... 40 4-1 Characteristics of the participants ....................................................................... 56 4-2 Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the reliabilities of scales ................................. 56 4-3 Analysis of variance for participants’ hue selection ............................................. 61 4-4 Mean and standard deviation scores for participants’ color selection of value .... 61 4-5 Simple OLS model for value ............................................................................... 61 4-6 Simple OLS adding in interaction terms .............................................................. 62 4-7 Mean and standard deviation scores for participant’s color selection of chroma ............................................................................................................... 62 4-8 Simple OLS model for chroma ............................................................................ 62 4-9 Mean and standard deviation scores for participant’s design thinking of coloring sequence .............................................................................................. 62 5-1 Frequencies of hues selected for interior design features ................................... 93 7 LIST OF FIGURES Figure page 2-1 The history of Chinese interior design ................................................................. 23 2-2 The development of official colors for each dynasty in China. ............................ 24 2-3 Positive and Negative Chinese color associations .............................................. 27 3-1 Chinese restaurant floor plan created by Revit 2014 and Adobe Illustrator
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