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Camera Basics, Aperture, Shutter-Speed & DOF.Pdf Exposure Aperture or f-stop Which one of these The aperture is the hole in the shutter that lets light into the camera. F-stop pictures do you like the is the size of the hole. The bigger the hole the more light comes in. The more best? Do you think there light comes in, the lighter the picture. is a “correct” exposure? Biggest Aperture f-stop is 2.8 f2.8 Big Aperture f-stop is 4.0 f4.0 Medium Aperture f-stop is 5.6 f5.6 Small Aperture f-stop is 8.0 f8.0 Smallest Aperture f-stop is 11 f11 Exposure Shutter Speed What might happen if you Shutter speed is how long the aperture is open. The longer it is open (slower shot at 1 second? What shutter speed) the more light comes in to the camera. The shorter time it is might happen 1/1000 open (faster shutter speed) the less light comes in. second? Slowest Shutter Speed 1/15th of a second f5.6 at 1/15” Slow Shutter Speed 1/30th of a second f5.6 at 1/30” Medium Shutter Speed 1/60th of a second f5.6 at 1/60” Fast Shutter Speed 1/125th of a second f5.6 at 1/125” Fastest Shutter Speed 1/250th of a second f5.6 at 1/250” Depth of Field Aperture Controls Depth of Field When you focus on something, it is the sharpest thing in the picture. This is Depth of field (DOF) is the the focal point. The smaller the aperture, the greater the distance in front of distance behind and in and behind the focal point that things will be in focus (greater depth of front of the focal point field). The bigger the aperture, the smaller the depth of field. that is still in focus. Biggest Aperture Focal point is 5’ Objects are in focus from 4’ 10” to 5’ 2” f2.8, DOF = 4” Big Aperture Focal point is 5’ Objects are in focus from 4’ 9” to 5’ 3” f4.0, DOF = 6” Medium Aperture Focal point is 5’ Objects are in focus from 4’ 8” to 5’ 4” f5.6, DOF = 8” Small Aperture Focal point is 5’ Objects are in focus from 4’ 7” to 5’ 6” f8.0, DOF = 11” Smallest Aperture Focal point is 5’ Objects are in focus from 4’ 5” to 5’ 8” f8.0, DOF = 15” These numbers are for a 50 mm lens. (http://www.dofmaster.com/doftable.html) Depth of Field Examples of Depth of Field Aperture is not the only thing that controls depth of field. Depth of field (DOF) is the Distance of the focal point from the camera is just as important. distance behind and in front of the focal point that is still in focus. Shallow_Depth_of_Field_with_Bokeh.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: The greater the focal point is from the camera the greater the depth of eld. This is why if you focus on mountains that are miles away, houses that are only blocks away will also be sharp enough to be acceptable to the eye. The closer the focal point is to the camera, the less depth of eld. This is why when doing close-up photography (macro-photography) it is much harder to get everything in focus. How do you think the photographer was able http://www.pxleyes.com/blog/2009/12/100-professional-depth-of-eld-photos/ to get the entire y in focus in the third photo? What part of the scene did the photographer focus on in each of the pictures on this page? What would you have focused on in each of these scenes? Why do you think the highlights in the background of the picture of the boy are circles? Depth of field (DOF) is the Depth of Field distance behind and in front of the focal point that is still in focus. Other factors for Depth of Field 1) Distance from the focal point: 2) Focal Length of the lens: closer to the focal point = smaller depth of field. telephoto lens = smaller depth of field. farther from focal point = greater depth of field. wide-angle lens = greater depth of field. Distance from the focal point = 5 ft. (50mm lens at f/8) 4’ 7” 5” 6” 5’ 5’ 6” camera DOF = 11” Distance from the focal point = 14 ft. (50mm lens at f/8) 11’ ------------ 3’ ------------ --------------- 4’ -------------- 14’ 18’ camera DOF = 7’ These numbers are for a 50 mm lens. (http://www.dofmaster.com/doftable.html).
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