25 CENTS A COPY. tp Vol. XVIII. No. 4. OF HAWAj October, 1919. Y ,76e MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE ofiScia/ 4an ofMe P 7=17 ACIPIC UNION
o. HMLTN CLOSED DU o o 620 o 184 ) STATES AUSTRALASIA HAWAII ORIENT tun. iNews. Co. Gordon & Gotch Pan-Pacific Union Kelly & Walsh
MIr flith-Pariftr filagazittr CONDUCTED BY ALEXANDER HUME FORD Volume XVIII. No. 4.
CONTENTS FOR OCTOBER, 1919.
Our Art Section - - - - - - - - 302 The Surf -board Riders at Waikiki Sydney to Bathurst on Motor Cycles - - - - 317 By Bont Hunter Around the Pacific by Rail - - - - - - 321 Duck Shooting in a Crater - - - - - - 327 By H. B. Com-,cns A Pan-Philippines Excursion - - - - - 331 By Carl If. van Hoven The Japanese Fishing Industry - - - - 335 By a Japanese Fisherman My Summer at Yakutat - - - ' - - - 339 By Leila V. Duncan Hawaii's New National Parks - - - - - - 343 By Lorrin A. Thurston House Boating Down the Wanganui - - - - 345 From the Diary of H. A. Parmelee Fiji—Officially - - - - - - - - 349 By Sir Bichlan Escott Some Problems of the Pacific - - - - - 353 By Prof. R. F. Irvine, M.A. Outside the Crater - - - - - - - - 357 By E. G. Bartlett The City of Victoria - - - - - - - 361 By Carl Crow. Chinese Students in Canada - - - - - - 365 By Philip K. Lem Racial Elements in Hawaii's Schools - - - - 368 By Caughan MacCaughey • The Pineapple - - - - - - - - 373 The Dutch East Indies - - - - - - 377 By 11. P. K. Douglas Bulletin of the Pan-Pacific Union. Series No. 1 - - 381
Rie T I: th-llarifir J I: agazine Published by ALEXANDER HUME FORD, Honolulu, T. H. Printed by the Honolulu Star-Bulletin, Ltd. Yearly subscriptions in the United States and possessions, $2.00 in advance. Canada and Mexico, $2.50. For all foreign countries, $3.00. Single copies, 25c. Entered as second-class matter at the Honolulu Postoffice.
Permission is given to republish articles from the Mid-Pacific Magazine. A.?' Surfboard riding in Hawaii is the thrilling sport of hundreds who have learned to perform the feat in the warm waters at Waikiki where it is always summer. -VC
The trick of standing on the surfboard as it is hurled before the wave is the quick lightening-like agility necessary to rise to the feet at perfect balance. Children of five and six years of age own and operate their surf boards at Waikiki. They begin in the small surf that sweeps up to the beach and later tackle the big rollers on the reef. Sometimes the wave is caught a mile out at sea and a skilful surfer may hold his wave, standing on his board, until it touches the beach and he steps ashore. Far out at sea the expert guides his board with perfect ease, once he has (wiry/it his wave.
Near the beach the gentlest ripples are made to carry the surfboard rider a few hundred yards toward shore. The surfboard of today is far larger than the board of a decade ago, then a board eight feet long would have been scorned as fit only for the new-comer, but it is easy to ride so has been generally adopted. Second only to the surfboard in Hawaii is the outrigger canoe carved from the native Koa wood, a lost art today, although a number of canoes survive. Burton Holmes is seen here in the canoe that carried him a mile before one great roller, before which sped other canoes and many surfboards with their riders. and an un 11 l te ho rn de mo The It is the ambition of every boy at Waikiki to learn to guide an outrigger canoe before the big waves.
The small boy at Waikiki also learns to sail his outrigger canoe and becomes an adept. LEE IIIMI=1111:11=111=ti=0:138Q-SallIE=1911= ,
Less than a decade ago at Waikiki the grass house and the native canoe were seen side by side.
Today at Waikiki modern roofing is built over Koa canoes that grow more vatuable as the years fly by. %1IIIIIIII0:01111:011:01:ELITEG=1=====1 0.
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O'firr flittgazittr CONDUCTED BY ALEXANDER HUME FORD Vol. XVIII. OCTOBER, 1919. No. 4.
On the road to Bathurst.
Sydney to Bathurst on Motor-Cycles
By BONT HUNTER
OMETIMES when I realize that Although the roads in Australia on within the next few years we shall the whole are bad and the hills are steep, S do most of our traveling in the air the mo{or-cycle is a popular machine, it makes me sad ; for I am told by all the and some good records have been put up by Australian riders in the last few. years. air-men I have met that motor-cycling One fine morning my brother and I is a tame sport after flying, and at pres- set out from Sydney on a couple of ma- ent I think shooting over the ground at chines to ride to Bathurst. This is a fifty miles an hour is the best sport go- comfortable day's run, and no feat from ing except perhaps, skimming over the a rider's point of view, but some of the crest of a wave at Waikiki beach. And finest scenery in• New South Wales is to lose enjoyment in a sport is a very sad encountered on the road, and several thing. pretty stiff climbs have to be negotiated. 317 318 THE MID-PACIFIC
I was riding the latest model "Harley saw there was a garage where I filled up Davidson" and of course had no fear that with oil, and then out on the twenty-mile the Blue Mountains would prove a bar- lap to Penrith, a small town nestling rier, but Pete was on an old fixed engine among the foothills of the Blue Moun- "Triumph" of only 3/ h. p., and we tains. knew that the Lapstone Hill is a pretty The road to Penrith is good, and we stiff proposition, but still we were game made fair time over this stretch, al- to tackle anything short of a Mont Blanc. though we were not out to break any Well, off we go ! A beautiful crisp records. Mile after mile of beautiful morning, only eight o'clock and 146 miles country slipped past and all the time the to do. line of mountains looming blue in the The first sixteen miles of the Main , distance drew nearer. Western Road is known as Parramatta Twenty miles did not take us long to Road. Strange to say, this piece of road cover and we were soon booming into running as it does through the city and Penrith. Like most AUstralian country suburbs pradically all the way to Parra- towns (for you are well into the coun- matta, is the worst sixteen miles of the try by this time), Penrith does not con- journey. tain many objects of interest, unless you Things did not look too good for me are a city man, and then the large bul- with my heavy machine after we pulled lock teams we passed on entering the out of Strathfield, for here the road be- town are worth looking at. Bullock gins to show one what an Australian teams are becoming very scarce around road can do in the way of mud. For Sydney now, although there was a time several miles the route follows a fairly when the bullocky was as much at home straight course, and what should we see in George Street as he was toiling over stretching into the distance but a sea of the plains to Coonabarabran. Today one mud and slush. Pete, on the little light- must go farther afield to see these trusty weight machine, was fairly safe, but I carriers of the bush, and evens such soon had to drop down into low gear and towns as Penrith are out of their beaten literally crawl along, with black mud track. and water slopping over the foot-boards Pulling up in the main street we re- in some places. Three or four times the freshed ourselves with a cup of Austra- machine slipped from under me and had lia's beverage (tea) and gave our gallant I been doing more than five miles per steeds time to cool off. for the heavy pull hour I would have taken a very unpleas- which was just ahead of them, not that ant bath. Speaking of this reminds me they would not have gone on without it, that two friends of mine once set out but one comes to regard his machine as on motor-cycles to ride to Melbourne, a living thing, and if we wanted tea, they but had to turn back on account of the certainly wanted a rest.. The Trusty mud on this very piece of road. They "Triumph" had been running very well did get to Melbourne, but their cycles all the morning, and we were in high were in the brake van of the express. hopes that she would treat the redoubt- However, all good things come to an able Lapstone Hill with scorn, but our end, and eventually Parramatta (and luck was out. Crossing the Napean Pete, who had made good time through River, on whose banks Penrith is sit- the mud) hove in sight. Parramatta is uated, we commenced our three-mile the oldest town in New South Wales, climb, or rather our forty-mile climb, for and a very pretty place, too, but all we the road ascends all the way to Mount THE MID-PACIFIC 319
Victoria, and then drops 1100 feet saddle and puffed off round a corner out through the Mount Victoria Pass. of sight. I remounted the old "Harley" Well, to get back to the Lapstone Hill. and ploughed on. Several times a nasty For the first mile things went well, but skid nearly threw me over the precipice, then we met our doom. They had but at last the sand was passed, I was started to repair the road, and the method back in high gear and fast overhauling here adopted might produce a good road the Triumph. in the finish but in the early stages it is The Lapstone a thing of the past, we death to motor-cycles. They had simply were soon sailing through Blaxland, covered the road with deep sand, of Valley Heights, Springwood (where we course picking the steepest grade on the filled up with petrol, 46 miles from Syd- whole mountain for their nefarious plans. ney), Leura, Lawson, Wentworth Falls, Now the "Triumph" is rather a touchy Blacksheath and right on without a stop old person and likes to be kept going to Mount Victoria, 76 miles from fairly fast on hills, so Pete had taken her our starting point. The run across the on ahead ; as soon as I struck the sand mountains is magnificent. Rounding a I had to drop down into second and then turn you come suddenly upon a thousand down again into low, with the old engine foot drop, good brakes and a post and roaring like an angry giant. Rounding rail fence alone saving you from a hor- the turn a sad sight met my eyes—the rible death. There, as far as the eye can "Triumph" had jibbed and her rider was reach, is a huge ravine walled on each standing in the road addressing a few, side by frowning crags ; trees appear to polite remarks to the sand which had be moss growing on the floor of the caused his down fall. I ploughed along chasm, and a river is a mere silver to him, slipping, sliding and swearing thread winding its way through the up the steep grade. gorge. From such an out-look I think "Do you think she will make it?" you get a very good idea of what things "Let's give her a rest and then both look like from an aeroplane. But I am shove her along." sorry to say that by this time we were The scenery here is really beautiful, thinking more of nourishment than natu- right at your feet lies a vast rolling plain ral beauty. The three towns of Blaxland, and in the distance a low-lying haze Lawson and Wentworth are named after marks the position of Sydney, but with the three explorers who, in 1813, first a conking motor-cycle on your hands the found a track from the coast across the beauties are wasted. mountains to the plains beyond, and so After the gallant little engine (for al- led the way to Australia's richest as- though we did not feel that way towards sets, the wool and wheat which is pro- her then, she really is a wonder for 372 duced west of the Dividing Range. h.p.) had cooled off a bit we both got If you turn off the main road to your hold of -her and heaved her through the left at Springwood a short run of a mile sand; the trouble was we could not get or so brings you to the famous spot her wheels to grip enough to turn the known as Hawkesbury Lookout. From engine over, but at last she fired—once- this vantage point one obtains a pano- twice—and then away she went with ramic view of all the country between Pete clinging to the handlebars. He did the mountains and the coast. The moun- not want to get on yet as the load would tains end as if they had been cut off have been too much, but at last she got with a knife, and right at one's feet is into her stride. Pete vaulted into the Penrith, looking like a Lilliputian village 320 THE MID -PACIFIC
shimmering in the sunlight. That tiny The roads on the other side of the moun- stream that one could step across is the tains are splendid and we were now Napean River, spanned here by a fine bowling along at about thirty-five per; iron bridge, and later on when it swells several times I let the Harley out on a in size and is known as the Hawkesbury good stretch and easily touched fifty- by the largest railway bridge in the Com- five, although that is rather too fast for monwealth. Nearer the horizon lie Wind- comfortable riding. We were now across sor and Richmond, two of the oldest the Blue Mountains proper, but were by towns in the State, and the homes of the no means on to the plains, and as crag aviation school, and the Hawkesbury after crag hove in sight, Bathurst, and College, where the Government teaches the comfortable station homestead for young Australians all there is to know which we were bound began to seem a about agriculture. Further away again jolly long way from Sydney. At about you can see Parramatta, and then right half past four we ran into a biting west- on the horizon, a mere blur on the sky- erly wind mingled with which was a cold line, is Sydney. dreary mountain mist. Another half hour At Mount Victoria we pulled up for and the daylight was practically gone, lunch and did justice to a typically Aus- so we opened up the throttle and hung tralian meal of steak and eggs and tea. on for dear life. We still had about After lunch we took a look around twenty miles to do, and a very unpleasant the grounds of the hotel but found things twenty miles it was. On either side of pretty chilly up here, as the town is well the road rose bleak and dismal looking over three thousand feet above sea level, mountains whose peaks nestled among and winter had set in. the clouds, not a house or living thing With tanks replenished and inner-man in sight and a beastly cold rain (for the satisfied off we went again with about mist had turned to a half-frozen rain) seventy miles left to do. This last part blowing in our faces with such force of the journey was covered in better that we could hardly see. However the time than the first seventy miles, al- best thing to do was to cover the miles though we encountered several very steep as soon as possible, and we did ; in fact, hills which required careful driving to I think we did that twenty miles in close get over with the Triumph. For about on half an hour. At last, breasting a six miles after leaving Mount Victoria rise, we saw the spires of the Bathurst we hardly needed our engines at all for Cathedral in the distance, a cheery farm there is a down grade all the way to Cox house at the foot of the hill, and a few River. At the bottom of this hill a road miles further on the turn-off which took branches off to the left to the world us to our destination. famed Jenolan Caves, which are about One last burst of speed and we drew twenty miles from the turn off ; and up in front of the homestead door, another road to Lithgow, which lies through which we could see a welcome about five miles to the right. Lithgow is fire glowing and our friends ready for a fairly large coal mining town, and us with a still more welcome cup of tea. here is situated the small arms factory, We were pretty well frozen stiff when where they made rifles for the Australian we finished, for motor cycling is cold army all during the war. It had become work in the winter, and our hostess sug- very cold now and we were glad of the gested a glass of brandy and—while I'm woolen gloves with which we had forti- really a devout believer in prohibition- fied ourselves at the outset of the trip. nuff sed. Around the Pacific by Rail
ROUND the Pacific, railway does broken rail connection, while in South not seem such an improbable America from Chilean ports and from A possibility today, as it did "be- Buenos Ayres the iron rail has pro- fore the war." We have entered the era gressed far northward into Bolivia and of gigantic undertakings and it is cer- with a few gaps filled, would reach tain that eventually the theatre of the Panama and the North American rail- worlds commerce will be guided by the ways. iron rail. A writer in "The Americas" goes fur- Long decades ago a telegraph route ther, he predicts a round-the-world rail- was surveyed from the United States way ; we quote from his writing: via Alaska to connect with the Trans- The announcement that England and Siberian railway. It has since been France have reached an agreement foi estimated that fifty million dollars would the construction of the long-awaited pay the cost of a rail connection be- tunnel under the English Channel ap- tween the railways of Canada and pears to mark the first step in the re- Siberia. sumption of the task of girding the From Siberia one may travel south- world with railroads. ward by rail to Shanghai, in the near A commission in Paris is now con- future, to Hongkong and beyond into sidering the possibility of starting work French China and in time, to the tip on the two other tunnels that will bind of the Malay Peninsula, then by rail Europe to the neighboring continents ferry to Sumatra, by rail thence and of Asia and Africa, the first under the ferry to ' Java. Already the Trans- Bosporus and the second under the Australian line of railway is in oper- Strait of Gibraltar. With the sweeping ation, so that along our western coast aside of the many diplomatic obstacles of the Pacific the iron rail is progress- formerly standing in the way of these ing most promisingly. three tunnels, the next five years, or In Alaska, the United States is build- at the most the next decade, should ing a link in the iron rail towards Behr- see all of them completed. ing Straits and Canada is ever pushing The end of the war again allows the her railways northward. Southward, construction to proceed on such im- from the lower tip of Alaska to beyond portant projects as the Cape to Cairo the southern confines of Mexico and road, which has been held up by the well down toward Panama there is un- lack of capital and labor needed for 321 322 THE MID-PACIFIC more pressing work during the great starting at Paris and traveling south- conflict. east, will be possible. That a very few When the Bosporus tunnel is com- years will see the completion of these pleted it will be possible to make all- rail connections cannot be doubted, and rail trips from Paris to the Near East, the traveler preferring to go by land Palestine, Jerusalem and Cairo, connect- will have opened up for him a won- ing at the latter city with the Cape to derful trip through the oldest part of Cairo road, now completed for more the inhabited world, in which a vast than a thousand miles up the valley of commerce has been carried on for more the Nile. There will also be the Paris than four thousand years, principally to Bagdad and beyond railway. For by pack animals. London and Paris will surely be con- After years of more or less complete nected with the cities of India by rail. demoralization the Trans-Siberian rail- provided with railroads as India and road will soon be in efficient operating the military reasons that persuaded condition again. An agreement has England to build a railroad as far been announced by the State Depart- north as Lahore, in the Punjab, and ment by which Japan and the United then build a connecting link to Khaibar States agree to assist in bringing about Pass are of absorbing interest. Al- normal conditions on this important though built to checkmate the grasping road on which the well being of the- ambitions of the former Romanoff gov- residents of Siberia depends to a very ernment, the line on which Lahore is large extent. Under the new plan the situated can now be connected with the Siberian railroad system, including the Russian Trans-Caspian railroad, with Chinese Eastern railway, will be super- only a small amount of new construc- vised by an international commission, tion. Little connections at points no the chairman of which will be a Rus- longer menaced by war will make it sian. possible to take train at Constantinople This line, which in peace time will and proceed overland through Persia, play a part second to none among Afghanistan and India to Calcutta. the great railroads of the world, will From Calcutta, a three' hundred mile soon be in normal operating condition railway via Herat added to existing so far as its eastern end is concerned, lines would even now connect India and when a stable government has again with the railways of Europe and Siberia. been established in Russia the commis- There is an uncompleted stretch sion will extend its activities to the eastward to Mandalay, but a litre is al- western terminals of the road and will ready in operation connecting Manda- co-operate in bringing about needed con- lay with Rangoon, far down at the south- nections in the _trans-Caspian region ern end of Burma. Traveling again with the railroad systems of the Near eastward from Rangoon there is a sec- East. ond break of about one hundred miles Australia, with its vast expanse of before reaching the line that runs south territory, much of it too arid to afford to Bangkok. From Bangkok in Siam, a livelihood to man or beast, would to Singapore, at the southern end of hardly be looked upon as a favorable the Malay Peninsula, the road is com- scene for large railroad expansion, but plete. When these compartively small there has recently been completed connections have been built, a contin- a trans-continental rail system of un- uous rail trip of more than 7,000 miles, usual interest. Physical difficulties com- THE MID - PACIFIC 323 parable with those met in building the ing north, redeeming vast stretches of first lines across the deserts of our own territory hitherto populated only by Western States were met and surmount- Eskimos, traders and the fur-bearing ed by the Australian builders and one animals of the North. may now travel by rail to almost any In a world sense, the Canadian rail- habitable part of Australia, although roads are especially important because not by through train service, as there of their place in the general transpor- are five different gauges in use. Dur- tation scheme of the British Empire. ing the past twelve months 126 differ- The overland route from England to ent devices for making the five gauges the Orient by way of Halifax or Que- interchangeable were offered to the bec and the Canadian trans-continental Australian governmet officials in charge lines to Vancouver, thence by fast Pa- of the railroads, but all were found to cific liners to the Far East is a truly be impracticable. remarkable one in a great many ways The eastern coast of Australia and and prObably exceeds in picturesque the continent's principal cities have mountain scenery any railroad trip in been provided with adequate rail corn- the world. punication for a comparatively long time, Although it has so far received little but there has been a marked absence publicity, there is a piece of railroad of railroads leading into the interior. development going on in Alaska fully Within the last few months, however, a as interesting as anything done along road has been finished which, starting the same line anywhere in the world. at Melbourne, runs to Adelaide and then This road, running from Seward, on strikes straight west along the southern the Gulf of Alaska, to Fairbanks,• in coast to Coolgardie, Perth and Fre- almost the .exact geographical center of mantle. Long stretches of this line are the country, will be 471 miles long. Of in districts practically without water and this distance, about 180 miles is uncom- almost inconceivable difficulties had to pleted, although most of the grading be overcome before it was made ready has been finished. In addition to the for operation. Another line is now pro- main line running inland from the coast jected which will run north and south there is a line 38 miles long running of the entire country, passing through into the Matanuska coal fields already mountains and' deserts where human be- completed and in operation. ings are almost never seen. The last- Physical difficulties and the little pos- mentioned line will start at Palmerston, sibility of developing any considerable on the northern coast of Australia, and density of traffic would probably have travel due south to Oodnadatta and deferred private , enterprise from ever Adelaide, thus giving a skeleton system building this road, but the Government from which future branch extensions has gone ahead with the work, and in can easily be made. spite of the character of the country Since the first railroad was built, in through which the construction has been 1831, the United States has been pro- driven, a remarkably low per-mile cost vided with a network of transportation has so far resulted. The closest esti- lines so complete that the most hercu- mate the Department of the Interior has lean efforts on the part of other coun- so far been able to make is that the tries for the next two decades would final cost of the road will be about not suffice to equal our mileage re- $65,000 per mile. This means com- sources. pleted and equipped road, with stations, Canada's rail lines are gradually creep- rolling stock and everything necessary 324 THE MID-PACIFIC for actual operation. Compared with tinued peace for a few more months this is the cost of the only other gov- may put the lines on a fairly satisfactory ernment-built railroad, the one across basis so far as operating is concerned, the Isthmus of Panama, which cost although the question of ownership -still $221,000 per mile. ' remains to be settled. America has a The record made so far in building vast stake in Mexico's railroads, with the Alaskan road, which opens up a totals of more than a billion invested in fertile district in the heart of Alaska, them, of which $235,464,000 is in stock rich in agricultural resources as well as and $408,926,000 in bonds. Bandit raids in coal and other minerals, is all the continue in some districts but in general more remarkable when it is remembered the mines are being worked, oil wells that all supplies and construction ma- are producing freely and agriculture is terial must be brought into Seward by acquiring greater stability than in sev- boat. The new road opens up one of eral years, so that, on the whole, the the most immense coal fields in the Mexican railroad situation is not as world, practically all of which is now disheartening as it once seemed. open to leasing by individuals or groups. In a continental sense, the railroads Large production has not so far been of Mexico are interesting because of the feasible, owing to the broken seams and necessary. link they contain in future faulty geological contour of the coun- connections between our railroads and try, but it is believed that better suc- those of Central America, and possibly cess will be had as the field is more South America. Going south from Mex- fully explored. Government experts ico, we find most of the Central Ameri- place 150,000 tons per year as the maxi- can railroads running from ocean to mum amount likely to be mined until ocean rather than from the border of further exploring is completed. one neighboring republic to the adjoin- South of us, Mexico's railroads are ing one on the other side. Political said to be regaining some semblance reasons are partly responsible for this of order, although supplies and new state of affairs, but mountain ranges equipment are desperately needed. With running down the west coast have been 9000 miles of railroads, Mexico has a a hard obstacle for the limited resources potential transportation plant of great of the little republics in their railroad value, needing only peace and energetic building projects. management to transform it into a splen- It would not be very difficult or ex- did property. There are evidences that pensive to unite the railroad lines of Mexico's present authorities have taken Central America as far south as Port a new attitude recently. toward the rail- Limon, in Costa Rica, but from that roads and are now seeking to bring point on there would be many difficult- them to the condition of efficiency that ies—difficulties so great that it is likely characterized them before the years of to be many years before such a line is revolution and bloodshed set in. built. However, if the necessary funds Mexican newspapers of late show should become available, it would be great interest in the plight of their possible to build a connecting link be- country's rail lines and a number of tween the rail lines of North and South new routes are 'being discussed. No America that would open up some vast country has shown greater ability to re- possibilities for the future. South cuperate from trouble and disaster than America like Africa, is gradually ex- Mexico, and it may well be that con- tending its system of rail lines until THE MID-PACIFIC 325
their combination into one continuous extent the variety of goods offered for system is only a matter of time. sale in the towns through which the Probably the last part of South Amer- road passed, creating desires hitherto ica to see railroad development will be unknown among the native populations, that from the mouth of the Amazon as well as supplying for the outside to the Isthmus of Panama. Natural dif- world freight that would otherwise ficulties and a backward population will never have been moved. The habit of stay the enterprising railroad builders travel is a breaker-down of prejudices when so much more enticing territory re- and anti-social customs and habits and mains without transportation. However, there is no question but that fifty peo- there will be a system of rail lines ple will take advantage of an opportun- running down the west coast as far ity to travel by rail to one who will go as Bolivia, from which the traveler by boat. with little loss of time or distance, will Nothing stimulates civilization and be able to turn east and reach any the intercourse of nations like quick part ' of the more thickly inhabited transmission of mails, publications, other countries along the Atlantic seaboard. freight and passengers and the regu- Of what world importance are these larity of rail travel gives it an advan- continental and intercontinental railroads tage of insuperable importance over and what effect will their completion travel by water. Expense, of course, have on the business customs of the will act as a limiting factor on rail world? For otie thing, they will in- travel for very long journeys, but the crease enormously the desires of people. gradual increase of local and ever- in the more backward portions of the widening traffic will tend to raise the globe. Nothing will increase the buy- entire standard of friendship and the ing demands of the 400 odd millions of commercial bonds of neighboring coun- China, for instance, so much as the tries. Mails will undoubtedly forsake completion of a railroad system that the old ship routes for the railroads will make quick and reasonably-priced whenever land lines are established, the transportation possible. All through advantage of speed giving the railroad Asia the result of building railroads a leverage impossible for the ship to has been to increase to a very large overcome. 326 THE MID-PACIFIC d d Hea Diamon (2mnr====xcualacrox=rc---) =Inmar=, 111011112011.===0 Duck Shooting in a Crater
By H. D. COUZENS (A Honolulu experience of Twenty Year's Ago)
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HE boys had planned a trip from and the descent inside is, if, anything, Honolulu to the duck ponds, but more steep and rugged than the outside T they invited such a number of slope. The season had been wet, and on fellows that I decided to take a jaunt the day of my exploration I made a dis- alone, for I had an idea of my own that covery. When I reached the rim of the I wanted to put to the test. crater and looked in I saw the shine of A few days before I had ridden out water about three quarters of the way to Diamond Head, a picturesque and long towards the opposite side. The rains extinguished crater which stands near had formed a shallow pond in the hollow the shore, about six miles from Hono- of the crater, the rest being rough, lulu. I had left my horse with a friendly broken ground, covered thickly with Chinese farmer and climbed the steep grass and underbrush, and floating on sides to get a look at the interior of the the pond, were myriads of duck. crater. It is, I should judge, from a I had indeed made a find, bat I had mile to a mile and a half in diameter no gun with me. I decided to interview
327 328 THE MID-PACIFIC
those duck as soon as possible, for, al- had seen the pond a few days before. though the crater's interior was very No water was visible, but I could see rarely visited, except by an occasional duck uneasily flapping and settling tourist of an exploring turn of mind, back again; so, keeping under cover, I didn't want anyone to get in ahead of I made my way down to comparatively me. So, on the day the boys set off I level ground inside the crater and pro- saddled my horse, packed up a lunch, ceded toward the now invisible pond. and with Dan, an excellent retriever, set I found the pond was surrounded on out for Diamond Head. The day was .all sides by "kikania" bushes ten or fine and the ride a beautiful one, down twelve feet high. This detestable plant Nuuanu Valley and out along picturesque bears about the nastiest, ugliest thorny King street. On the left towered cloud- bur in creation, and the ground under capped mountains, broken at regular in- the bushes was covered with them. tervals by Pauoa, Manoa and Pablo They are awful things to get in a dog's valleys, and the Punchbowl with its dis- hair, and I looked at Dan's coat and mounted cannon peering down at the hesitated, wishing I had left him be- town. On the right the road was lined hind. But we had to go ahead, burs with palms, with here and there a or no burs; so I started through the banana patch assiduously attended by thick cover toward the pond, keeping Chinamen with huge, mushroom shaped Dan close behind. It was tough work, hats and bare legs. for the bushes made a belt more than After a brisk canter I took the road a hundred feet wide, and I had to go to Waikiki Beach, from which direc- on hands and knees. tion the roar of the surf was already I could hear a babel of quacking and audible. Cocoanut palms, which ante- gobbling, and at last, when the stalks date the memory of the oldest inhabi- became thinner, I knew I was at the tant by a century and more, line the inner edge of the cover. After caution- coast, growing straight and tall, de- ing the dog, I slowly and noiselessly spite the weight of years, and looking shoved aside some of the brush in front for all the world like extremely long- and peered out. handled feather dusters. Riding on What a sight ! I had seen duck in through beautiful Kapiolani Park, with quantities before, where they were so its tiny streams shaded by magnificent thick that pot-hunters could knock over algaroba trees and spanned by pretty from fifty to a hundred with that little bridges, I came to the open, beach. beastly invention, a swivel, but never A party of natives squatted on the have I seen so many crowded together ground mending a fish net gave me a in one spot as there were in that little pleasant "aloha" by way of salutation pond. as I passed. I rode along the coast for The water covered about two acres a little way, putting up a lonely plover here and there ; then turning inland, but there wasn't a square foot of it skirted the base of the Head for a visible, and the edges were lined with short distance. Coming at last to a waddlers paddling around in the mud, shady patch of mimosa, I dismounted unable to get even a sight of water. and tethered my horse. With Dan at Occasionally an uneasy duck arose, gave my heels I climbed to the rim of the a few flaps of his wings, and settled crater, crawled cautiously through a rift again, and so thick was the huddling and looked toward the place where I mass of his fellows that he had to THE MID-PACIFIC 329
literally crowd them apart to get back did'nt want him to chase after any to the water again. more of them. Imagine my feelings with this con- Near the edge of the pond, on the gregation before my eyes, and the reali- opposite side, I saw an old rotten tree zation that I was at least eighty-five trunk, and as this was the only avail- yards from the nearest duck. The able cover anywhere near the water, I cover ended where I was, the rest of made the dog lie down behind it, ancl the ground being as bare as my hand. pulled some dead "kikania" bushes over The water had originally extended to us, making a blind good enough for the edge of the cover, but had gradu- any duck except sprig, which are as ally dried up. wary as wild geese. I hoped there My gun was a twelve gauge and would be sportsmen at some of the wouldn't do much execution at that ponds down below, and that they would distance. I had but one alternative, and drive some of the ducks back, but I took it, dashing through the cover to- waited a long time before any more ap- ward the water's edge and blazed away peared. Finally, just as I was about with both barrels. What a roar from to give up, satisfied with the bag I had the multitude of wings, and what a flap- already made, a bunch of teal wandered ping and fanning of the air. They in and I potted two of them. Then an- were so huddled together that they other long wait and four sprig came could not all rise at once, and many, over the crater's edge. My cover wasn't confused and hampered by their fellows, good enough for them, and after circl- fell back into the water more than once ing around the pond, out of range, they and it was some time before the last took themselves off the way they had had taken wing. come. Soon after a large flock of plover Bang-bang ! went the gun, as fast as came in from the seashore, and as they I could jam in the cartridges, spat-spat, passed right in front of me I knocked , splash! they fell, one big sprig coming down eight with two barrels. down squarely on top of my head. For an hour and a half no more birds When the air had cleared, and the last appeared, then two little duck, species of that feathered host disappeared over unkonwn, lit at long range. I was too the edge of the crater, I gazed on the hasty and missed both, and the lucky field of battle. Several wounded duck little fellows vanished over the edge. were in the water, with Dan in hot pur- Just as it was getting dark six teal flew suit, and one or two others I stopped across the water, and I downed the tail- just in time to prevent their. escaping ender.. I didn't want to pick my way into "kikania" bushes. When Dan had over the uneven ground in the dark- retrieved all the birds in sight, and ness, so I forced a passage through the brought out three from the bushes I "kikania," and followed by the tired took count of the slain. There were and bur-laded Daniel reached my horse thirty-seven in all, nineteen "native" just as the short twilight of the tropics duck, ten "nor'wests," five spoonbills, settled into night. and three sprig. A good many of these Those were the only birds I ever had only been wounded and it took shot in Diamond Head. The next time lots of work to get them all together. I visited it I found the pond had dried As it was, a few of them got into the up entirely, and though I paid it several bushes, and were lost. Dan's coat be- other visits the following year, I only ing by this time so full of burs that I saw duck once, and then only a bunch 330 THE MID-PACIFIC of about half a dozen. The cover was Hawaiian Gibraltar—ind as the big so poor I wasn't lucky enough to get guns often roar at target practice, it is a shot. I disposed myself behind the no wonder that the sprig and teal and log as before, but not another bird ap- spoonbills have hied themselves to a peared that day. quieter home.. However, during the rainy season, there is always a lake of Diamond Head is now one of the no mean dimensions in Diamond Head strongest fortresses in the Pacific—a Crater. Pan Philippines Excursion (Continued)
By CARL H. VAN HOVEN
We arrived at Isabela, the principal teresting sight to most of us to see, for town of Basilan, at seven o'clock Thurs- the first time, a splendid demonstration day morning, and anchored in the strait of what can be done in the line of rub- about two hundred yards off shore. ber growing on this island. The plan- Isabela is situated on the north coast tation has about seventy thousand Para of Basilan Island, facing Zamboanga. It rubber trees growing, of which thirty- boasts of a good-sized sawmill, and in two thousand have reached the tapping Spanish times was the seat of a small age, i. e., five to six years. To walk be- naval station and slipway for building neath the shady avenues of tall, straight and repairing vessels. Basilan Island is rubber trees, all of uniform size, and very thinly settled by Moros who have watch the natives tap the trees and collect settled in small fishing hamlets on vari- the latex, gathering information all the ous parts of the coast. The entire island while as to its preparation and market- is heavily forested with merchantable ing, and the attractive financial returns timber, and the soil, which is largely vol- therefrom, was pleasant, and converted canic, is considered to be as rich as any many of us on the spot to the idea that in the Department of Mindanao and the growing of rubber offered great op- headed by M r. F. C. Lyons, Basilan's portunities right here in the Department lumber king, and representatives of the of Mindanao and Sulu, and, best of all, Basilan Rubber Plantation. We imme- under the American flag. diately started to walk to the plantation, We were next given an opportunity a distance of about two miles, arriving to see the actual preparation.of the rub- there at about nine o'clock. We were ber for the market, a large vat of the conducted over the plantation by Mr. latex being chemically coagulated right Hamilton, the assistant manager, the before us, the coagulated latex placed manager, Mr. Blum, being absent in upon a table and kneaded to the right Manila. consistency and then cut into slabs and It was certainly a new and very in- run through a machine resembling a 331 332 THE MID-PACIFIC clothes wringer, coming out in long thin entire Philippines than the Island of sheets about 18 inches in width, looking Jolo, and the Moros hate turned their like cream-colored lace, and dry enough energies to farming and other profitable to handle. pursuits. The town of Jolo is particu- After samples of the rubber had been larly interesting, not only because of its cut and distributed among our party, the historical associations, but because of the strips were taken to the drying shed and fact that it is the smallest walled city hung up to dry, preparatory to being in the world, as well as being one of the boxed for shipment. few specimens remaining. We bade our hosts good-bye and As our steamer moved slowly up to started back to Isabela arriving there the wharf, picturesque Moro boats with about one o'clock. outriggers, manned by Moro men, wo- As we were entering the town, we men and children, in their bright colored stopped at the new slipway which is situ- native costumes, with the exception of ated near the site of the former Spanish the children, who appeared clad in only one, and watched the Moro carpenters, the garb with which nature furnished with their primitive tools, fashioning and them, circled around our ship. One large putting in place the ribs and timbers of a boat of the flotilla won our hearts, hav- two hundred ton steamer which was be- ing a large American flag floating from ing built. The frame of the ship was a bamboo pole at the stern, a platform about complete, and it will soon be ready amidships, upon which a Moro girl to receive its machinery and take up its clad in all the colors of the rainbow was task of carrying lumber from Basilan to dancing for our entertainment, keeping the northern markets. perfect time, swaying her body to the Six o'clock p.m. found us all back on accompaniment of the torn torn band in the "Bustamante," and as we raised the bow of the boat. The diving boys anchor and swung around headed for were there in force in their own little Jolo, to the south, the sun was just dis- boats, reaping their harvest of coins, appearing in a blaze of gold beneath their naked brown bodies glistening in the western horizon of the China Sea. the sunlight as they performed their After steaming all night through a sea aquatic stunts for our benefit—and in- that was like a pond, beneath starry cidentally for their profit. skies, early morning of Friday found us Governor Rohrer headed the recep- in sight of Jolo, which resembled in the tion committee which was waiting on distance a beautiful white pearl in its the wharf to receive us, and automo- green setting. biles were there, ready to take us out Jolo is the principal town on the isl- into the country. The committee was a and of the same name and the shipping cosmopolitan one, there being a sprink- port for its products, including hemp, ling of Chinese and. Moros, some of the copra,•pearl shells and pearls. Owing to latter being dressed in their usual cos- disturbed conditions among the Moro tume of tight fitting trousers of bright population it was formerly an important colors, vests of vari-colored materials army post, and the Island of Jolo has lavishly adorned with bright buttons, and been the scene of many sanguinary en- nearly all wearing the red fez. Some counters between our soldiers and out- wore European clothes, but still retained law Moros. At present, however, due to tne fez. the tactfulness of Governor Carpenter, We were driven out into the country, ably assisted by Governor Rohrer, there through mountain passes, amidst charm- is no more peaceful community in the ing valleys which reminded one of parts
THE MID -PACIFIC 333 of California. We saw hemp patches Chambers of Commerce," and outlined high up on the mountain sides, so steep the benefits to be derived therefrom. His in places, that it seemed that their own- splendid address was a fitting climax ers must have had to tie the plants to the expressions of welcome and the down to keep them from sliding onto hearty hospitality extended us from the other fellow's land. every side. Our hosts pointed out to us the fa- In the evening an enjoyable reception mous "Bud Dajo," the extinct crater in and dance was given in our honor, and which the last of the Moro bandits made added interest was lent to the occasion their stand against Pershing's men, and by the presence of the Sultan of Sulu, we went as far as Maimbong on the who shook hands with each of us and opposite side of the island, a fishing expressed his pleasure over our visit to village built on piles over the water. On his domains. our return we passed through the do- On the day of our visit the citizens of mains of the Sultan of Sulu, riding past Jolo decked their homes and places of his house, built on a commanding posi- business with flags and bunting. Arches tion upon a hill. It is a large rambling were erected in various parts of the building, strongly built, with an obvious town displaying the mottoes "Manila view of standing a siege if necessary, Merchants Welcome ;" "Come Again ;" and with plenty of room for his numer- "Do Not Forget Us ;" "Buen Viaje." ous family. The spontaneity and wholeheartedness of Returning to the city, we were given our reception at Jolo will linger long in an elaborate luncheon at the governor's our memories. house. Addresses of welcome and re- At 8:20 p.m. a long blast from the sponses were made by prominent citizens "Bustamante" summoned lingering mem- of Jolo and members of the visiting bers of the party from the ball. With party. Mr. Duffy, in the closing ad- parting greetings from our Jolo friends dress, touched upon the warmth of the who came down to the wharf to say welcome extended us, and upon the good-bye, the start was made for Cebu anomaly of Jolo having two chambers as our next objective. of commerce when the commercial inter- The next day, Saturday, found us ests of the community could be much steaming northward through a somewhat better served by an amalgamation and rough sea with frequent heavy rains and the joint efforts of all combined in one stiff winds. The good sailors of the organization. He also placed before the party secured some much needed rest, business community the proposed plan of while the poor sailors—well, their stom- organizing the "Philippine Associated achs got the rest. (Continued) 334 THE M.ID-PACIFIC
There are a million fishermen in Japan. Every kind of fishing boat is used, from the sailing Sampan on the Inland Sea, to the steam trawler and whaler in the Pacific. Fishing in a Japanese River.
==artar.a . acanarolomannolo= The Japanese Fishing Industry
By a Japanese Fisherman.
HE geographical position of dustries and sea-faring trade. In the Japan is most favorable for old days, however, fishing was limited Tmarine life. As the Kurile Isl- to the off-shore work, no attempts were ands lie within the Arctic zone, and made to utilize the rivers, lakes and the southern islands, such as Formosa lagoons which are numerous in Japan, and Pescadores, are in the tropics; thus leaving fishing far behind other while the greater part of the main isl- lines of industry; but in recent years ands of Japan are in the temperate the people and the government have zone, and, because also the cold cur- become very much interested in it and rent (oya-shiwo) and warm current have given it much attention. Need- (kuro-shiwo) wash the coasts, marine less to say, their efforts for the en- life is particularly rich in variety and couragement of this industry had re- abupdant in quantity. sulted in the rapid progress of all In spite of the small area of land, branches of the industry—fishing, tech- the coast line is extraordinary long, be- nology and fish culture. ing more than 20,000 miles in extent; The total marine catch doubled within Japan is peculiarly suited to marine, in- the last ten years, and the marine prod-
335 336 THE MID-PACIFIC
ucts going through curing or manu- for training the students. On the fore-• facturing processes increased by some deck are the cold storage room, cap- 80%, and fish culture output more than stan, bathrooms and water closets for tripled during the same period. the students and crew, while the mess If the fish products derived from room, study room, saloon, bathroOms the colonial provinces, such as Formosa, and water closets for officers and engi- Korea, Kwantung peninsula and Kara- neers are located on the poop deck. The futo, and the maritime province of Si- flying bridge is directly over the poop beria, is added, the total annual marine deck. On the main deck are a store catch would easily reach 110,000,000 yen room, four-students' quarters arranged in value ($60,000,000). to accommodate on both sides forty students, two fishing gear rooms on the Fishing Vessels and Fishermen • port side, and a students' mess room. The great number of people engaged The crew's room is on the forward in the various fishery industries of quarter of the main deck. The ship's Japan seem extraordinary to other coun- storage room, situated in front of the tries. This is due, of course, to the engine room, contains water tanks and fact that every Japanese is directly or oil tanks. The engine room is placed indirectly related to and interested in behind the main mast, and the coal fishery. According to the statistics, the bunkers are in front and on both sides number of the population solely engaged of the boiler room. They can hold 90 in the fishery business in Japan proper tons of coal. is nearly one million, and those partly Until recently the Japanese fishing engaged in fishery were as much more, people have mostly depended upon their making a total of nearly 2,000,000 fish- trade along the limited sphere of sea ermen entirely or partly engaged in the coast, thus resulting in scarcity of industry. With the above figures as a base, we aquatic life, and it is not rare that fish can judge how large percentage of the become entirely extinct in some in- Japanese population depends for a live- stances. The 'Imperial government, see- lihood on fishery or the businesses re- ing the danger of this tendency, and lated to it. seeing the necessity of having fishing The vessels employed in fishing in- people resort on more remote seas, has dustry are correspondingly numerous, promulgated an act known as, "Pelagic nearly half a million in number. Of Fishing. Encouragement Act" in 1897. these, thirty steamers are whalers, about This Act established a bounty system fifty trawlers and two thousand motor for the business, vessels and fishermen boats. engaged in pelagic fishing, which has Furthermore, as a result of the ex- since made wonderful progress within a tension of fishing grounds, as well as short period. Many an improvement because the earnest encouragement of has been added to the fishing vessels, pelagic fishing by the central and local gears and implements, and experiences authorities, various improvements have have made the fishermen skilful and been made in the building and fitting daring navigators, many of them gbing out of fishing vessels. to seas hundreds or some thousands of The "Unyo Mans" miles away. This vessel is used for experimental For the reason that Japan has abun- work in various kinds of fishing, besides datice of fish and is rich in varieties, its THE MID-PACIFIC 337 fishing interests are far more important ing vessel of three or four hundred than that in any other country. tons, with or without an auxiliary en- The whaling industry in Japan has gine, is used. Such a vessel carries made such rapid progress within the four to five boats, which are used for last ten years that the annual average chasing whales. Each boat is armed catch is now more than 1,500 whales, with guns or bomb lances. Whales valued at more than 2,500,000 yen. chiefly killed by this method are of the There are three methods of whaling, sperm variety. The—catch is taken to known as steam or Norwegian whaling, the vessel, alongside of which the blub- sail or American whaling, and boat or ber is removed by means of large coast whaling. lances and spades. The head is also In the case of steam whaling, the taken on board, and the oil is tried steamer used is of 100 tons or more, out of the jaws and blubber. and is a specially built steel vessel, In boat whaling or shore whaling, carrying a whaling-gun at the bow. small boats of eight feet beam are used. When a whale is sighted the steamer Such boats, armed with guns or lances, approaches it as near as possible and engage in whaling never more than the gunner fires a lance at the end of several miles off shore. The whales which is attached a bomb that explodes caught by this method are chiefly the after entering the body. The lance is bottle-nose, which are numerous along so constructed that it cannot be shaken the coasts of Boshu and outside the Bay out even in the animal's wild struggles. of Tokyo. The whales are carried When the whale is dead or worn out, ashore, where the blubber is tried out it is drawn close to the steamer with for oil, while the red meat is sold fresh the rope connected to the lance. The or salted for food, and the bones and whale is then taken to the nearest sta- refuse are used for fertilizer. tion or shore, where the carcass is cut • The season for whaling differs ac- up for the market. This method of cording to the species hunted, but the whaling is mostly followed off shore, industry can be carried on throughout from ten to a hundred miles. the year by changing the whaling Using the American method, a sail- ground. 338 THE MID-PACIFIC
the t in bu My Summer at Yakutat By LEIL A V. DUNCAN. (The last of a series of Alas kan articles concerning Siwash and nat i e life.)
NE calm day and without warn- are strange' indeed ! The morale of the ing, the revenue cutter "Rush" village may not have improved much, O hove to in Yakutat Bay and each but as the missionary remarked, it sure citizen looked like , a human interroga- put the fear of God in their hearts ; but tion point. It soon developed that we any craft painted white could do this were honored with a visit from Governor much more effectively than a sermon di- Brady and a prdminent attorney from rect from the Omnipotent—for they had Sitka. Their chief mission proved to be seen "warships" in the early days to their that of vaccinating all the inhabitants, sorrows and white ships were things to for we had just recovered from a small- conjure with. pox scare. While in the harbor they The squaws would visit us at all times investigated social conditions, with the and uninvited—they entered freely and result that every white man who was squatted down on the floor without cere- cohabiting with a native woman was mony. Trunks were robbed of every forced to marry the lady of his choice ( ?) vestige of ribbons, silk and bits of finery I was witness for a half dozen of these to be exchanged for baskets, bracelets, enforced ceremonies. One could not help etc., of native workmanship. Sometimes wondering at the submissive manner of we returned the courtesy by going calling these primeval maidens and what must in the village. They had very good they think of the Ways of the white man wooden frame houses, but absolutely —vaccinated and married within the without partitions, and there was always hour—yea verily, the ways of civilization a hole in the roof to allow the smoke to
339 340 THE MID-PACIFIC escape, for stoves had not been adopted. In the afternoon was a ball game on A fire was built in the center of the room, the island between officers of the U. S. where there was a spuage of floor re- fishing boat and the native braves. I moved and the dirt formed the founda- think the officers of the ship were victo- tion of the crude fireplace. Around all rious in this, but the game for me held sides were bunks from two to four deep, an interest quite apart from the mere with curtains in front, for these people's mechanical, technical juggling of the tiny habits are very similar to the Chinese in sphere. many ways. They sleep at any hour of In the evening there was a dance at the the day or night, just as the spirit moves chief's house, the orchestra being a lone them, so there is always someone awake, accordian, but we did not dare linger and someone asleep. From the beams long, for later there would be much overhead would be suspended dried "hooch" drank and the scene change to salmon, which, added to fresh seal-oil, one of ribadlry. Speaking of "hooch," and blueberries formed their diet at this the Indian here, as elsewhere, seems to season of the year. The berries grew have an inherent taste for intoxicating wild in great abundance and were placed liquors. Nothing is valued too highly in a bowl or tightly woven basket with a to be exchanged for fire-water. When a bountiful supply of seal-oil mixed with steamer arrives in the harbor all the pop- them. This delectable mixture is dipped ulation jump into their canoes and make out with the fingers, as the natives of haste to tie up to the companionways of Hawaii eat poi. We found one old squaw the steamer or to other canoes which so fat she was not able to leave her bunk. have preceded them. The missionary "Her Fatness" seemed pleased at our tries to keep a close eye on them and visit even though she expressed regret apprehend the guilty ones who sell them at being obliged to receive us in this the liquor, but his efforts are almost al- unconventional manner. ways futile, for after each visit the entire, The Fourth of July was the red-letter population proceeds to make merry, the day of the Summer, and still stands out cause of which is easily traced to liquor clearly in my memory, though years have procured from the steamers. The squaws intervened. The program started with are much more successful than the bucks a foot race participated in by a team from in purloining the liquid refreshments on the "Albatross" and native Indian youths account of their wearing apparel. For of Yakutat, just as the Greeks used to instance, a dozen bottles can be tied win their laurels at the Olympian games. around their necks by a stout cord, this There was a canoe race between the na- in turn tied around an ample waist, and tive visitors from Sitka and the home the entire "cargo" carefully concealed by team. The canoes used were large "war a gay shawl whose folds cover up a mul- canoes," with a prow slightly resembling titude of sin and other things. Between a gondola. A complete circle was made boat days they indulge in native hooch, around the "Albatross," and when the made from berries, Jamaica ginger, va- home team, their paddles on end, had nila extract or anything at all which may easily won, we threw our hats in the air contain alcohol. They are a happy-go- and were just as excited as when wit- lucky lot and nothing short of the direct nessing a college regatta on the lake at necessity will force them to perform man- home. There were sixteen sinewy bucks ual labor. For example, they never put in each craft, and they presented a typi- by a surplus of wood, hence one's slum- cal, unspoiled Alaskan scene. ber is continually disturbed by some noc- THE MID-PACIFIC 341 turnal woodchopper gathering fuel for began to descend and ice froze in the his breakfast. Their philosophy is that water-pail. One boat passed on to the it is useless to gather wood in advance, north without stopping on account of for they might die before it was used up, the storm, and much concern was felt, for hence the energy would be wasted. the nexrone might do likewise, and then If a . sealing trip was planned, or a we would be without any word from the shorter journey to gather a certain sea- outside world. Added to that, the fact weed which they consider edible, they that we soon intended to return home, waited calmly for the tide to favor them, transportation was the main topic of con- no matter if it had just turned the wrong versation. By the middle of November way. No one ever saw one of them in a a hard Winter was in sight, and we cher- hurry—they have all the time there is. ished no delusions as to the hardships to Upon returning from a sealing expedi- be endured should we decide to remain. tion they carry the oil to their dwellings The uncertainty of the boat's arrival in cans and kegs and tan the hides to made the time drag, and steamer day make ornaments which they sell to the found us all packed, strapped and waiting tourists in Summer. Space will not per- —but no smoke discernible on the hori- mit going into details as to the method zon. Five days of restless waiting and of encircling and capturing a herd of five still longer nights passed before the seals, but in this procedure the squaws ship finally appeared—and during that are as efficient and useful as the bucks. time we had slept in our clothes, so as to In Winter, when food runs very low, be ready to jump into the canoe and they can exist indefinitely on this pecu- make all haste to get aboard. The S. S. liar sea-weed and seal oil. I honestly "Bertha" crept in at noon day, heralded believe they could live on their moccasins as usual with shouts from the native if they were liberally soaked in oil. populace and howls from the dogs. Quite suddenly one day it began to The boat it seemed, already was crowd- rain and continued for the biblical forty ed far beyond her limit, so we slipped days and nights. And such rain and such aboard very quietly and did not make our wind—often through the night we would presence known till well under way, with spring out of bed, expecting the heavy no stop ahead until Juneau. Accommo- ridge pole of our tent to come hurtling dations did not worry us, who had been towards us. The drops rattled on the used to roughing it, and we found pas- "fly" like bullets, except when a hard sengers sleeping on the stairways, in the gust of wind made them miss entirely. dining saloon and every other available For the first time we could appreciate spot. Through acquaintance with the why every house was propped up on two officers I was granted a berth in the side with stout poles—to date we had not mail-room and was grateful, indeed. quite believed the stories of the terrible There was a jolly bunch on. board from wind-storms. We also had an opportu- all parts of the Northland, some of whom nity to view a surf that broke twelve had been traveling afoot for weeks to feet high on our beach and could hear it make the boat, and who had not been on roar like distant thunder around Ocean the "outside" for seven years at least. Cape. Every member of the party was There was music and dancing in the din- drenched every day—but all were healthy ing saloon and on deck every night. and no one complained. There were only Every one appeared merry, yet many a two days in sixty it did not rain, and the broken heart was concealed under a latter part of September the thermometer Mackinaw exterior. Some had been pur- 342 THE MID-PACIFIC
suing a "will o' the wisp," others had won even the longest hour comes to an end, only to lose again, while others had lost and at 3 P. M. of the seventh day we tied (and this the greatest of all) their part- up at Colman Dock, Seattle. After stroll- ners and loved ones in the mad struggle ing up the avenue, gazing at anything for gold in the silent places. No words and everything, we were suddenly con- of mine can adequately picture the ter- scious of being dressed altogether too rible toll the Northland has exacted from warmly and that pavement is a terrible those who dare. The passengers were thing to tread upon ; in fact our bodies typical of the country they were leaving; became sore all over from the jolting we the word "caste" is unknown. A mute received from using the sidewalks. understanding and common sympathy When asked if we would like to go drew this motley throng together in a back, we reply with those inimitable manner that generations of "hot-house" words from "The Spoilers" : civilization could never do. A stop of two hours is made at Juneau, and one of "Indeed I would—it calls to a fellow those "big squares" forthwith indulged in some strange way that a gentler coun- in. Two unruly members of the crew try never could. When once you've felt who persisted in "fistic" encounters were the long, lazy June days that never end put ashore at Treadwell and the journey and heard the geese honking in the sun- southward resumed. An accident oc- lit midnight, or when you've once hit the curred to the boilers which necessitated trail on a Winter morning so sharp and clear the air stings your lungs and the stopping at a British port on Vancouver whole white world glistens like a jewel— Island for eight hours. The rattle of yes• and when you've seen the dogs romp- the anchor chain in the dead of night ing in the harness till the sled runners caused many women to jump from their ring and the distant mountains come out berths and demand to know if we had like beautiful carvings, so close you can struck a rock, and it took some diplo- reach them—well, there's something in macy to calm them. it that brings you back, that's all—no No more delays were encountered un- matter where you've lost yourself. It til arriving at Port Townsend, where we means Health, Equality and Unrestraint. went into quarantine for an hour, which That's what I like best, I dare say—the was not conducive to good cheer—but utter unrestraint." HAWAII TERRITORY SURVEY Morton Campbell Surveyor PROPOSED VOLCANO NATIONAL PARK ISLAND OF HAWAII Scala M .r■Nmf Traced by G.Poclon ore Dec. 1910.
Hawaii's New National Parks By LORRIN A. THURSTON
(The Mid-Pacific Magazine has asked Such an article is forthcoming on a scale the father of the Hawaiian National Park, as comprehensive as Mr. Thurston's arti- cle in the third number of the Mid-Pacific, Lorrin A. Thurston, for an article on the March, 1911, which was the beginning of newly created parks, which contain in the agitation for a National Park in Ha- their areas the largest active and most. waii. The following is a preliminary extensive quiescent craters in the world. statement by Mr. Thurston.)
343 344 THE MID-PACIFIC
HAVE been asked to make a state- in which private lands are located and ment concerning the present status opened negotiations with the owners of I of the Hawaiian National Park and the private land to secure the desired of the value that the same is to the people titles and rights of way. The private owners are manifesting a of Hawaii. By act of Congress a National Park disposition to meet the Government more has been created in the Territory of Ha- than half way, and it is believed that a waii, consisting of the craters of Kilauea speedy and satisfactory settlement will be and Mokuaweoweo and a right of way reached with them. connecting the two on the island of Ha- Advantages of the Park. waii. The creation of a National Park in The area of the Kilauea section, in- Hawaii is of advantage to the people of cluding certain land adjacent to the cra- the Territory in four particulars, viz : ter is 37,200 acres. 1. Descriptions of the National Park The area of the Mokuaweoweo section and the objects of interest therein will be is 17,928 acres. included in the literature issued by the The area of the section connecting the, National Park Service, including high two craters last above named will be ap- class illustrations, thereby securing far proximately 720 acres. wider publicity than it would otherwise The area of the Haleakala section is receive, and a corresponding stimulation 20,920 acres. to tourist travel to Hawaii. Grand total of four sections, 76,760 2. It furnishes an official certificate that acres. both Congress and the Executive of the The Government owns 16,585 acres in United States Government consider the the Kilauea section, the remainder being sections included therein to be of such in- privately owned. terest and value, that the National Gov- In the Mokuaweoweo section the Gov- ernment has taken them over as a park ernment owned 10,620 acres and the re- and is paying for its administration and mainder, amounting to 7,300 acres, has development. been donated to the park. 3. It will eventually lead to the opening Of the Haleakala section the Govern- and construction of roads and trails ment owns 6,180 acres, and the remainder throughout the park and the construction belongs to private owners. of hotels, camps and other facilities for Of the total area of 76.760 acres, the the care of tourist and the improvement Government now owns 40,685 acres, or a of transportation facilities. little over one-half. 4. It gives assurance that the various The law creating the park requires that, points of interest in the park will always before spending any money on it, the Sec- be free to the public and that there will be retary of the Interior shall secure such official care and protection given thereto. private lands and rights of way lying There is every indication that all of the within the park boundaries as, in his dis- preliminary action necessary will be con- cretion, are necessary for the protection cluded during the present year, so that of the public interest and sufficient to give by the time the next regular session of access to points, of interest. Congress meets, everything should be Mr. Stephen P. Mather, Director of ready for the inclusion of the Hawaiian National Park Service, on behalf of the National Park among those which will Secretary of the Interior, has recently in- receive appropriations to be administered spected the several sections of the park by the National Park Service. bFac=== ==cmrgi House-Boating Down the Wanganui
New Zealand's Famous River—the most beautiful in the World
From the Diary of H. A. PARMALEE
...... 6%
ESTERDAY we negotiated the over the steep precipice on both sides first stage of our journey down of the river. y this most beautiful river. We The only access to the settlements traveled almost .from the river's source are long ladders suspended over the in very small boats through rapids cliffs, made from what the Maoris and narrows that take one's breath away. (New Zealand natives) call "kareau," But now we are beginning the sec- or supple-jack. They say that it is ond stage of the trip, and are on a very tough and strong, and will last real river steamer, with an upper for many years. No doubt some of our deck, seats around the rail, awning firemen friends aboard would enjoy climbing them, but I'm afraid my heart over head, room to walk about, and opportunity to see all around. would fail me. We had not gone a quarter of a Beauty and Wonder mile, when "things began to happen" in Oh, I cannot begin to describe this rapid fire order. It was intense ex- trip, every foot of the way is so grand, citement all the way to the end of the and seems to grow more so as we day's run. There was a gentleman and steam along. In a way, I am reminded his wife aboard, by the name of Mc- of some mighty overture — one strain Pherson, from Sydney. Ada and I had after another being taken up and woven seats next to them, and found them in, and blended with ones before, the most pleasant and congenial. volume swelling all the while until it The scenery began to assume a new reaches its denouement in the roar of the and magnificent character — the river rapids beside us ! flowing between cliffs of from 500 to We prop our heads against stanch- 1500 feet high, fringed with graceful ions to ease our necks, and just gaze ferns and mosses down to the waters at the cloud-canopied summits of the edge, while the trees on top hang down precipices ; bases, fern covered and
345 346 THE MID-PACIFIC boulders in tumbled mosaic, and the We expected that the boat would go sides a playground for the clouds. It right through to Wanganui that day, seemed to me that here was the cli- but were informed, much to our sur- max, summit, and zenith of one's hopes prise, that we were to stay at Pipiriki scenically—of all one ever hoped to see all night. on this journey through a land of won- There had been a very fine hotel here, ders. 'which had burned down three weeks It is scenic beauty that even the ago, and we had been given to under- guide-books cannot exaggerate — some- stand that there was no other house thing that has never been perfectly de- there, and where we were to be accom- scribed—or ever will be. It is the modated was beyond us. But as we descriptive writer's bow of Ulysses. were "in the hands of our friends," A thrill comes over one that is hard we did not worry. • to explain. I have read of this great When we arrived at the Pipiriki dock, tremendous rush of feeling; heard that we found our third steamer waiting to it comes only once, and here it comes ! make the trip in the morning down to It ,gets into your blood and makes you Wanganui. She is a still larger boat, dizzy; want to shut your eyes, and yet, side-wheeled,or- but roomy. you are afraid that you will miss some We discovered a small cottage on of it if you do. the top of the mountain where we found Back to Earth and a Tragedy accommodation—but the climb to that Mrs. McPherson had a beautiful coat house! The banks here are like the on the seat beside her, and partly palisades of the Hudson, and we had hanging over the rail — also a small to climb up stairs — and stairs — and hand-bag on the deck at her feet. We stairs ! Did you ever climb those stairs were approaching some spot of par- at Niagara Falls, letting the wife, and ticular wonder, and as we all rose to kids ride up in the elevator? I have. our feet to get a full view, the boat These were worse, much worse, and gave a quick turn through a whirling more of them. At the top we passed pool, heeling well over as we turned, the ruins of the burned hotel, and fur- and coat and bag started overboard. We ther on, we could see the cottage where were quick enough to save the bag, we were to stay, and joy ! there was a but in a moment we could see the cart coming. We hailed the small boy coat swirling around and around in the in charge of the conveyance — which rapids behind us. The McP's took their was of the wagonette variety — got him loss very philosophically—being very to turn around, stowed our growing thankful that they saved the bag, and baggage with long-drawn sighs of re- consoling themselves that the coat lief, and the four of us managed to would be very becoming to some fair scramble in ourselves. Maori girl, as doubtless it soon would In the afternoon we took a walk - be, as it would have to pass several as tired as we were — and ended up on Maori villages before reaching the sea. the river-bank. About half way up the We are now approaching Pipiriki, the bank, some five hundred feet above the river growing wider, waterfalls becom- river, were some coal sheds for storing ing more frequent—slow dropping veils fuel for the steamers and other boat of thinnest gauze alternating with roar- paraphernalia. I noted all this with ing torrents thundering into swift run- much interest, and wondered why the ning waters below. coal and material was stored so, far up THE MID-PACIFIC 347
the bank, as it must be carried up and wind eased up a bit,. A. was able to down. Later we -were told. It was to take the seat first selected, which was protect them from freshets. A few on the lower deck, facing the bow, and years ago they had a freshet that giving a fine view ahead. carried everything away. The scenery today was not so wild The river is real broad here, and and romantic as that of yesterday, but enough water coming down to reach a grand ride nevertheless. the high water mark shown us, must Approaching Wanganui, the river be enormous in volume. But what a broadens out into a long straight stretch, terrific torrent it must have been back where the boat races are held. We in the gorges that we had just come passed many Maori settlements, some of down the day before. them quite large. We stopped fre- Pipiriki, Wanganui River, Monday, quently to land and take on passengers, March 22. which made it all the more interesting. I was up at 4:30, and it was like We came to quite an important landing getting up in the winter back "home." known as Jerusalem, where is located It was cold. And any one seeing us some kind of religious mission. dressing would have thought that the The brethren dress in black, broad- hotel was on fire, and we were hasten- brimmed hat, and half cassock and half ing to get out. The luggage was piled coat, etc. The "sisteren," in blue dress, on the veranda, and as I saw the boy white ruffles, "slat" sunbonnet of blue, at the stable hitching up his horse, I with a blue cord around the waist. Some felt easy in my mind as to the luggage of the brothers and sisters came aboard getting down to the boat all right. It here with a number of their flock, to did seem good to walk and start our be taken to a village below, where there blood in circulation. It was growing was to be some kind of a meeting. I light fast, and we had plenty of time, took a dislike to the men for some rea- and stopped frequently on the way down son—chiefly, I think, on account of the the bank to take a farewell look. There mincing walk, arm crooked at the elbow was quite a wind blowing, and I think and hand hanging down from the wrist that most of the party felt cold. I se- like a rabbit's paw. cured a good seat for A. along with • The river suddenly widens, large Mrs. McPherson, but it was too cold ocean steamers can be seen in the for her and she had to get into the distance, and the city of Wanganui .lee of the smoke-stack. comes into view. It is a much larger Breakfast was announced and we place than I expected to see, good docks went down into the cabin, which was and wharves. Lying at one of them is very cozy indeed, and far more com- quite a large river steamer that is be- fortable than one would expect. ing remodeled and made into a house- This boat is 88 feet long, 16 wide, boat to be moored at Pipiriki, to take and draws one foot, seven inches of the place of the hotel that was burned. water. The tables were narrow shelves The city of Wanganui has about on each side of the cabin, so we sat 11,000 population, situated about five face in and backs out. Had clean cloths miles from the mouth of the river. on the tables and paper napkins (servi- Ocean vessels can dock here, and quite ettes), excuse me. And we had a very a good deal of shipping passes through good breakfast. the city. The sun soon came out and the cold There is a fine draw-bridge here, some 348 THE MID- PACIFIC sixty feet above the water. The draw as they did not have power enough to was necessary on account of the tre- compress the air sufficiently and were mendous rise in the river at times. The standing-by for improved machinery. caissons on which the bridge is built The memory of that three-day trip, by are sunk sixty feet below low-water canoe and river steamer down the most mark, the deepest in New Zealand. beautiful river in the world will linger Even so, two of the piers began to forever in my memory, always a joy, a show signs of weakness, and while we delight, a thrill. And were it for this were at Wanganui, engineers were en- alone, I would consider the trip to this deavoring to sink the caissons deeper. wonderful land "down under" worth But the work was almost at a standstill, while many times over. FIJI Officiallyv By SIR BICHLAN ESCOLT (Former Governor-General of Fiji) Prepared in the interests of the traveler to the Fiji Islands. -:` ... ...... )
IJI affords considerable opportu- the acquisition of land by means of a nity to people who seek to invest more efficient mode of registration of F capital in agricultural ventures. native lands. It is proposed that the Its proximity to the Commonwealth of control of large areas should be vested Australia and the Dominion of New Zea- in the Government, whose power to deal land, and the geographical position of with those lands on behalf of the native the islands combine to make Fiji a place owners will provide an easy means of which should continue to grow in im- satisfying the needs of settlers who apply portance. The trade returns of the Col- for land for planting and grazing pur- ony, the increased shipping, and the de- poses. As regards the latter, the Colony velopment of the export trade in local offers good openings to the practical gra- produce are sufficient indication of the zier. Cattle, horses and sheep thrive well increasing prosperity of the Colony. throughout the Colony, and stock, as a Endeavor is being made to facilitate whole, are not subject to diseases to be
349 350 THE MID-PACIFIC met with in other countries. Grazing in ony and is under the charge of two Res- Fiji is not affected by drought or flood, ident Medical Officers, assisted by a Eu- and the richness of the soil and pasture ropean matron, and nursing staff. An- provides an exceptionally high carrying other Government hospital has been capacity on improved lands. erected at Levuka, and is under the Water Supplies. charge of a Government Medical Officer. Both of these hospitals provide for the Suva and Levuka, Fiji's two cities, treatment of Europeans and natives. have water supplies excellent both in Eight prOvincial hospitals for the treat-. quantity and quality. Water is brought ment of natives are distributed through- to the towns from the reservoirs which out the group. These are supervised by are served by natural streams. In some Government medical officers who have of, the country districts pipe supplies as their assistants native medical practi- have been established, but in the major- tioners, trained at the Colonial Hospital ity of cases country residents are sup- in Suva. Plantation hospitals are main- plied by tanks, the galvanized iron roofs tained on the various estates for the of houses forming the catchment areas. treatment of laborers. Indians are treated Small streams of excellent drinking water at the Colonial Hospital and as out- are plentiful throughout the group and patients at provincial hospitals. A ward as already stated, serious droughts are for Indian patients will shortly be erected unknown. at the Labasa provincial hospital. Religion. Segregation of lepers is provided for The Church of England, the Presby- by law, and an asylum for their treat- terian Church, the Wesleyan, and Roman ment is maintained by Government on the Catholic Missions and the Seventh Day island of Makogai. The asylum on this Adventists are represented in the Colony. island is a new one fully equipped by The headquarters of the Bishop of Government for that purpose. Polynesia are at Suva. There are An- Accommodation for Travelers. glican churches at Suva and Levuka. There are hotels and boarding estab- The Bishop of Abydos (in partibus) lishments in Suva, Levuka, Rewa, Ba, resides in Suva, and has charge of the Nay= and Lautoka, where travelers Roman Catholic Mission. There is a may obtain accommodation. At other Roman Catholic Cathedral at Suva, and places one must rely on natives and set- the Mission has stations in many parts tlers for hospitality, except at the Hill of the Colony. Station, Nadarivatu, Colo North, where The Chairman of the Methodist Mis- a small Government rest house has been sion is stationed in Suva, where there is established. The daily charge for lodg- a Methodist Church for natives. At ing and attendance exclusive of food at Levuka there is a Methodist Church for this Rest House is 2s. 6d. The rest house Europeans, and there are native churches stands at an elevation of 2,750 feet above and centres of the Mission throughout sea level. The average mean tempera- the Colony. ture for the last three years is 66 deg. There is also a Presbyterian Church A path on the station ends at an eleva- for Europeans in Suva. tion of 3,700 feet, while walks and rides Hospitals. at elevations of from 2,000 to 3,000 feet There is a large hospital in Suva main- and upwards can be had for distances tained by the Government. This is the up to 18 miles in various directions. principal medical institution in the Col- Mount Victoria (4,600) can be climbed THE MID-PACIFIC 351 after a seven miles walk or ride. Fires ing the months of May to October, the are a necessity during many months of climate is cool, and walking and riding the year. are pleasant. The tourist may make a The overland tourist, or the traveler visit to almost every one of the more im- by road from one centre to another, must portant islands by interinsular steam ves- in the majority of cases, however, depend sels. on the natives for his food and lodging. One may visit Levuka, the old cap- Unless a tourist takes his own provisions ital of Fiji and seat of the Cakobau and a servant or cook, hit diet will con- Government, on the island of Ovalau. sist of fish, prawns, yam, taro, and ba- Here a pleasant day may be spent in nanas, for which the natives will require visiting Lovoni Valley, an attractive pic- to be paid about 2s. per diem. Carriers nic ground ; or in an instructive visit to are always obtainable at native villages, the Mission training station at Cawaci. and the custom is, in regard to porterage, From Levuka the steamer proceeds to for luggage to be carried by villages, i.e., Lau, Taviuni and Labasa, the Colonial natives from one village will carry to the Sugar Refining Company's sugar centre, next, where it is by custom usually neces- on the island of Vanua Levu. At each of sary to arrange for a fresh lot of carriers. these places the tourist may find much The wage to each carrier is as a rule 2s. that is of interest. From Labasa the Probably the better arrangement is to return trip to Suva is made by way of engage a guide and the necessary por- Buca Bay, Taviuni and Levuka. ters before leaving Suva. The roads Other interinsular steamers ply peri- on which the inland traveler has to pass odically between Suva, the island of are sufficiently good in most cases for Vanua Levu, and the Lau Archipelago ; horses, but not for vehicular ' traffic. and sailing cutters ply regularly between Horses can be hired in some districts all the inhabited islands of the Colony. only. The roads are really bridle tracks Much traveling throughout the group is and native paths. necessarily done by small sailing craft. These are owned in some instances by Rivers and streams in the inland coun- • traders and by the merchant community ; try/are for the most part unbridged, but a far greater number however are na- there is generally no danger in crossing tive-owned. This class of vessel is them. Certain mountain streams, how- manned almost entirely by native or half- ever, may at times, owing to freshets caste masters and crews who are excel- present an obstacle to one's journey, more lent seamen. Tourists are warned particularly in the rainy season. These against taking a passage in a cutter car- freshets are at times of sufficient force rying copra, unless they are happily im- to render some streams dangerous to mune from seasickness. The odor aris- ford. These conditions are, however, not ing from the cargo is apt to defeat even of frequent occurrence, and one may a hardy sailor. In cutter traveling it is place oneself with safety in the guidance generally of advantage to provide one's of native guides. Apart from the lack of own food unless prepared to put up with domestic comforts which the inland trav- native fare, which, though wholesome, eler must face, traveling in the interior is better enjoyed by those who have al- of the larger of the islands is pleasant ready acquired a taste for it. Numerous and interesting. opportunities are open to those who are To lovers of tropical scenery almost inclined to employ this method of seeing every part of Fiji must afford great at- the islands and the people of Fiji in their traction and is well worth visiting. Dur- native towns. 352 THE MID-PACIFIC
From Suva, an enjoyable day may be There is communication by steam spent by a visit to any of the near-lying launch twice daily between Suva and plantations or to the experimental sta- Nausori, the headquarters of the Colonial tion at Nasinu about six miles from Sugar Refining Company on the Rewa Suva, where the propagation of economic River. The flat lands surrounding the plants is undertaken by the Department sugar centre at Nausori are almost en- of Agriculture. There are motor launch- tirely under cane cultivation. From Nau- es and vehicles always available for hire. sori one may return to Suva either by The Tamavua River which empties into river or by road. Vehicles may be hired Suva harbor forms an attraction of at Nausori or Suva for the overland which people avail themselves. On the journey, which covers about 13 miles banks of the stream one may see both over a fairly good road. cultivated lands and lands covered with To Navua, the Vancouver-Fiji Sugar rich tropical vegetation. On one of the Company's centre, a launch runs daily tributaries of this river is situated the in- from Suva according to tides. To those take of the water supply which feeds the who have the time to spare, or who de- reservoirs of Suva; near this spot there sire to see the inland country and native is a small waterfall. The spot is a pleas- ant one for picnics on a fine day. A part life, a very interesting trip may be made of a day on the shore reef of the har- through most picturesque scenery from bour offers many attractions to tourists Suva to Namosi, near the head of the interested in marine fauna. At low water Navua River, returning by the Waidina the coral is in many places uncovered and Rewa rivers to Suva. and many varieties of fish may be ob- There are numerous drives round Suva served. which are of interest to visitors. 4-03$ cc Some Problems of • r . ,, the Pacitic By PROFESSOR R. F. IRVINE, M. A. (University of Sydney)
The Third of a series of articles by Prof. Irvine concerning international relations on the Great Ocean.
N order that Australia may develop bled and gone astray in the past, it has her countless, vast resources, two always maintained an ideal of peace, I things seem to me to be highly es- liberty, order and justice. sential : Under protection of the laws of the First; the welding of the somewhat British Commonwealth, one-quarter of amphorous thing we call the British the people of the earth live in peace and unity. It guarantees every individ- "Empire"—a foolish name by the way— ual of whatever race and color, an equal into a closer political organization ; and liberty before the law. It protects them Secondly, an alliance between the from devastation from without, and dis- English-speaking people. Let us con- order from within. It bridges the gulf sider these in turn. between East and West, between white Inadequate though its present organi- and black, between race and race. It zation is, the British Commonwealth is is even able to give full liberty to nevertheless the nearest approach to the nationalism, and yet combine it with ideal of a world-state, in which the loyalty to a greater commonwealth. To spirit of domination has practically all it promises not only good govern- ceased to exist. Comprising as it does ment but eventual self-government. one quarter of the world's population of It is all that in essential spirit. But most varied races and creeds, of all it is a loose., far-flung aggregate, sub- stages of civilization, it is in itself ject in parts to narrowness of outlook, proof of the ultimate possibility of a and to the disintegrating influence of an world-community, reconciling the free- antiquated conception of nationality and dom of individuals and individual states sovereignty. Hitherto it has been kept with the accomplishment of a common together just as much by outside pres- aim for mankind as a whole. No mat- sure (like the German menace during ter how imperfect it might be at pres- the last fifteen years), as by the senti- ent, no matter how it might have stum- ment of kinship and by common aims
353 354 THE MID-PACIFIC and interests. Particularistic tendencies unity recognizes both the individualizing have often manifested themselves. and co-operative tendencies. It in- But to break up this aggregate in volves the possibility of a new and less parts would certainly be to re-introduce self-regarding type of nationalism, into the world a new form of anarchy which recognizes common human aims and schism which is bringing death and and a unity which in actual fact exists ; devastation to half the world today. a unity, however, which is subject to The Western people are now paying the chronic disturbances owing to the sur- penalty of retaining a system of inter- vival of an ideal of legal sovereignty in- national relations out of harmony with compatible with permanent harmony. the fundamental facts of modern life. The one ray of hope is that the British Culturally and economically they are a Commonwealth, even in its present im- unity, but the unity is made precarious perfect form and in spite of reactionary by the continued existence of a purely tendencies, has proved the possibility of self-regarding nationalism, whose am- another type of nationalism. In evolv- bition is bounded by no law. It is pre- ing that type it has but transferred to eminently necessary, as Fiske wrote a larger arena a political principle com- years ago, "That self-governing groups mon to all the English-speaking people of men should be enabled to work to- —individual and group freedom com- gether in permanent harmony and on bined with subjection to self-determined a great scale. In this kind of political law. integration, the work of civilization Next in importance to the mainte- largely consists." nance of the British Commonwealth, I Now, it is that conception of legal place an alliance between the English- sovereignty and nationalism — the main speaking peoples. I advocate that be- cause of international anarchy today - cause it is necessary in the interests which many people in Australia are of the democracies of the world, and seeking to apply to the many parts of because it is in the direct line of prog- the British Commonwealth. Quite aside ress towards the world community. from the impossibility of standing alone, Despite some temperamental differ- the ambition of any part, like Australia, ence, it is clear that American and Brit- to enter upon a career of independent ish have much in common—as much, nationalism is based upon a false and almost, as the parts of the British reactionary ideal. Commonwealth. The United States not It depends solely on one of two great only took its political structure and cul- factors of human progress—the individ- tural life from British origin, but is an ualizing, centrifugal and disruptive ten- English-speaking country. dency in growing societies, and ignores Bismarck was reported to have said the co-operative tendency from which that the greatest political fact of mod- alone we may venture to hope for a ern times was the "Inherited and per- warless world in the future. If we, manent fact that North America speaks who are blood-brothers, with the same English." Many Germans since then language, institutions and traditions, can have been obliged to admit that there not continue in association, and can not was no hope of altering that fact. perfect that association with the pass- However varied the strains of popu- ing of the years, then, indeed there is lation in the United States, they all in little hope for the world. time adopt the common language. Not The more enlightened principle of to do so is to be seriously handicapped THE MID -PACIFIC 355
in the competition of life. The part find expression in like political princi- played by language can scarcely be ples and institutions. The rule of law over-estimated, for an individual is a and the equality of all before it, an mental slave to the tongue he speaks. untrammelled and compelling public It determines his intellectual life which opinion, self-government as against can be transcended only by the man of autocracy and bureaucracy, the absence extraordinary gifts or exceptional op- of a military spirit and caste, and the portunities. The social mind and the stress laid upon individual rights against contents of his language exercise ab- the undue claims of the state, are some solute sway over the average man. That of the characteristic features in uniting explains why the standards, aspirations in one common civilization, all the Eng- and moral and political ideals of the lish-speaking people. original English settler, not only domi- There have been disagreements and nate their own descendants, but per- misunderstandings, but in spite of those meate the body of immigrants of other errors there is an inherent unity which races. the German menace strengthened, and It is true, therefore, as President made clear to the consciousness of all. Wilson said, that "The common British Neither trade rivalries nor the miscon- stock did first make the country and ceptions, fostered by competing traders, has always made the pace." Not only, nor the intellectual narrowness and was the United States governed by men snobbery which are characteristic of who were predominantly of British some elements in British communities, stock, but, in addition, its native-born should be allowed to obscure that es- European population was fully impreg- sential unity, or to prevent it from be- nated with the ideals and standards that coming, what it obviously might be- are the common intellectual heritage of come, the guarantee of peace and free the English-speaking peoples. ' These development for democracy everywhere. 356 THE MID-PACIFIC
Haleakala, the House of the Sun God, is becoming more and more the great outing grounds in Hawaii. It is a crater, the largest in the world, seven miles in diameter and two miles above the Sea scarce three leagues away. Outside the Crater Concluding Chapter of the "TRIP OF NO REGRETS" (Story by "Bartlett's Angels.")
S5.,i T 8:30 our packs were ready and growth until we came to another beauti- and we said goodbye to Vierra, ful waterfall, falling in the center of a A the horses, cattle, pigs and poul- horseshoe curve in the rocky walls. This try. We were off for Kipahulu, a sugar must have been 80 to 100 feet drop of plantation owned and managed by Mr. water. Around the curved walls of this grotto-like place the water was trickling Fassoth, father of one of Miss Kirwin's down over green mossy rock. The pool pupils at Punahou. We had to travel at the foot of the fall was large and deep. through four large and three small The boys enjoyed a swim there, while gulches from Kaupo to Kipahulu. Kale- we went nearer our tram' to another po, then Nuinuiloa, then 4delelele, and lovely, secluded pool, where we swam. last Lilikea. They were all beautiful, but It was delicious, the water was so cool Alelelele was the most lovely. We ate and clear. luncheon there, by a lovely stream, with From Lillian's Diary numerous deep waterfalls in the middle ; "After our swim we lunched, and then lovely vegetation, almost tropical in ap- clambered over the rocks below us to pearance on the high, steep banks ; a see the fall where the Mormon priest view of the sea where the gulch ends ; lost his life. In order to see that safely and back up the gulch a view of green we had to be held by the feet while we masses of growing things with dark, climbed to the edge of a rock and looked mysterious shadows broken by the fall of over. Lillian lost her flashlight and lip- water over the gray rocks ; and over all, stick from her pocket while she peered the sound of the flowing stream and the over the falls, and saw it disappear in the splash of the water as it tumbled a hun- waters below—all in a flash, so to speak ! dred or more feet down over the rocks. —a by-word which stuck to our party Above us, we penetrated the tangle of after that. 357 358 THE MID-PACIFIC
"The trail leading into and out of the Extracted From Dodo's Rambling gulch was one that zigzagged back and Records forth like the letter "M," and the grade "On the trail by the sea in the last was so steep that before we were up this gulsh, the water was rolling the biggest trail, on our way from this enchanting stones that I have ever seen, on to the spot, we would scarcely belieVe that we shore. The roar as the waves rolled these had shivered with the cold while swim- rocks back and forth was tremendous. ming in the cold waters of the pool a We sat for a time and watched and lis- short time before, for we were so hot. tened. We had plenty of up-hill and down-dale "After leaving the gulches we passed that day." through more of the luxuriant vegeta- The trail through the fourth gulch tion; mango, orange, banana and papaya was more shallow, and the path through trees. it followed the seashore for some dis- "At 5 P. M. we arrived at the planta- tance. This trail or road from Kaupo tion of Kipahulu and stopped at the to Kipahulu was made of stone, over a store. There was Paul Fassoth to greet hundred years ago by Hawaiians. It is us, with a smile stretching from ear to a good, substantial road, but not espe- ear; party was introduced and we went cially smooth to walk on. An auto could into the office. Paul said they had word not possibly go over it; in fact, nothing of our coming, and the packs being left but an animal, or man on foot could at the store gave them evidence of our travel it, I should say. Although it is approach that day, and they were pre- told that one man went over it with a pared to entertain us over night. Mr. cart and horse. Fassoth appeared with John. They took This was our poet's "Busy Day," in- us bag and baggage, up to the house. deed, and we are forced, to crowd out Comfortable quarters and a refreshing valuable material to make room for these bath awaited us. It was here that we two "efforts"—for they were efforts : saw our first newspapers since leaving home. Surprising how much could hap- The Falls, Alelelele pen—and with us away, too ! War went You should see us hang over the top, on as usual, and it seemed as though they So to see the most terrible drop, were making better progress without us Lill lost her flash light, than they had been when we were in the As she looked at the sight, midst of civilization. There were plenty While Dan pulled at her foot, and yelled of dogs and cats for Lillian to pet. Stop!" The girls were taken for a tour of the sugar mill, and upon their return they The Pool, Alelelele were introduced to Hans, another son, The girls went in bathing at noon, who is overseer of the plantation, and Minus suits—oh, it seemed such a boon! Martin, another sons who is the chemist. Then a mule came along, Again we observed that this part of the With its rider, Ho Fong, island was very much of a garden, when And they wished 'twas the man in the we saw roses, coffee, citron, lemons and moon. oranges, as well as bananas, growing wild, and grapes thriving well. We are now getting into the guava We all went through the mill and then country, and many beautiful guavas said farewell to our host and his sons, •tempted us, so, Eve-like, "we did eat." leaving at 9:30 for Hana. THE MID-PACIFIC 359
A short distance on our way we met The poet's version follows : John, who indicated to us the way to Hana reach the 500-foot waterfall. E. G., Dan and Lillian decided to take the side trip, There was a small village named Hana, and were well rewarded for their trouble, Surrounded by cane and lantana, securing some good pictures of the fall. But we all came to go To their one picture show, The rest of us lazily wandered on. The walk that morning was fairly easy and In our gray shirts, hob nails and bandana. pleasant, in and out of pretty gulches, At a little after 7 A. M. we were on with lovely waterfalls. This time we our way to Kaenae, bag and baggage, on had a good and fairly level road. a hot day. As we had 18 miles ahead The thoughts of the oncoming lunch of us for the day, we walked at a fairly bothered our Bard somewhat, and he good clip. At 11 A. M. we arrived at a tried to see the cheerful side of a Meat- good-sized stream and waterfall, where less Friday. we stopped for luncheon. The water tasted so good after the long walk. Some By Hoover's food laws we abide, went in wading, others went in swim- , In crater, on plain or cliff-side ming. After two hours spent there, we Our canned salmon was great, proceeded on our way going four miles And with gusto we ate, before we came to the Ditch Trail proper. As our cook cried, "It's ready; let 'er slide." The Famous Ditch Trail Then commenced the loveliest walk we But what was really bothering him had had, in and out of gulches, past nu- seemed to be a sunburned nose. And merous waterfalls, where we rested for when he finally got the rest coaxed into a time to watch them. Finally we reached taking a resting spell long enough to Kaenae Gulch. We just stopped in won- enable him to commit the next ensuing der when we turned the corner to look thyme, he seemed to feel much better for at it, for it was so immense and wonder- the balance of the trip. ful. Then we walked a little on the down grade for some time, in and out "The Sunburnt Nose." the curved sides of the gulch, until finally (Humblest apologies to Walt Mason). we made a decided descent down the 'Twill soon be gone—yes, every shred, very steep wall of the gulch. After From being out in sun and air, about a mile and a half of that we came It burns, and burns with inward fire, to the home of Mr. Weight, the man in And as it burns, it raises ire, charge of the ditch at that end. This Within my human heart. was our hotel for the night. A little The Skin is peeling up and down, Hawaiian girl in white, with a lei of And doubley so, right at the crown; ginger blossoms around her neck, met us 'Twill soon be gone—yes, every shred, at the gate. Next, Mr. and Mrs. Weight And I shall have to stay in bed. greeted us and showed us our rooms. From bashfulness in part. We had a bath and were ready for din- ner at 5:30 P. M. Oh, such a good din- We made Hana (where the famous ner ! Everything so excellent, and an Ditch Trail begins) in good time> and abundance of it. Afterward we danced spent a day and night there, resting and for an hour or so in our stockinged feet, feasting. for our heavy shoes were discarded for a 360 THE MID-PACIFIC time. We were quite frisky ! Mr. Weight By 8 A. M. we were on our way to thought we were in good condition for Kailua, 12 miles distant by the Ditch people who had traveled so far; and so Trail, for which the Island of Maui is we were. Here again we found newspa- famous. This is one of the most wonder- pers and for the first time in days read ful scenic trips that I can recall. It is a the news. At 9:30 we retired and en- beautiful walk—wonderful gulches and joyed a good night's rest in comfortable waterfalls, of which Halemanu was the beds. best. At about 3 :15 P. M. we arrived August 26th, at 7:30 we enjoyed a at "Pogues," Kailua, where the Bard had wonderful breakfast of cornmeal mush, time to catch his breath and utter an bananas, muffins, fish cakes and coffee. "odious" ode anent the splendid hospital- Then the party decided to remain over ity of the Weights. It was our regret here an extra day, to explore the trail that they will not be there should we up to the waterfall, and on up to the top again wish to make that trip, as a family of the Pali overlooking the valley. It named Plunkett is to take over their work was an enjoyable hike, and coming back at that point in a few months. we filled our hats with luscious thimble- To commemorate our last luncheon, berries, which we enjoyed as dessert for eaten by the side of the Ditch, before we dinner that evening. In the afternoon reached Pogues', the Bard has done him- some went to explore the next valley, self proud : while others went down to 'Lower Kaenae by auto, and then enjoyed a Our Last Luncheon swim on the return trip in the pools not We ate our last lunch by the ditch, far below Mr. Weight's house. Rain And we heated our tea in a niche; came on while Mr. Bartlett and Doc were The sausage. was fine; in swimming, and, just so he wouldn't The view most divine, get wet, Bartlett came out of the water And we finished the trip free from itch. and put on his—hat ! He says that, as the rain was coming straight down, and And by this time you will feel quite the brim was fairly wide, he didn't get well acquainted with us, and know, with- very wet ! out the Poet's having already said it, This valley abounded in wild banana that : plants ; They were growing in profusion There was Bartlett, and "Freddy" and on every hand. "Dan" We all dined at 5 P. M. on oysters, And I'll tell you the rest if I can; fried rabbit and taro, with thimbleberries "Doc" Mighton and "Mitch," and cream and coffee. In the evening Dodo, too, with a hitch, we played games and did tricks. Mrs. And last comes the fair Lillian. Weight and Dodo dressed up in men's old clothes and entered the front way, pre- And here, gentle reader, let us draw tending to be very much fatigued, and the veil. And need we add, that with asked for a night's lodging. They fooled the preparations for homeward sailings us for a while ; but after they hobbled came the saddest time of all the trip ! up the steps the secret was out. Lights This was the only regret of our "Trip out at 10 P. M. of No Regrets." The City of Victoria (Only It's Hongkong to Most of Us.)
By CARL CROW.
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FTER being welcomed by the that they are known as the Ladrones, or beautifully wooded and grassy Thieves Islands, for there is about -them A shores of Japan, the traveler finds an aspect so drear and forbidding that especially forbidding the bare bleak hills none but one fleeing from justice would which border the southeastern coast of look to them for residence. China. In their grey barrenness they The Portuguese navigators gave the give no hint of the fruitful valleys and islands their name centuries ago and it teeming population which they shelter. clings to them by right as well as by tra- Tradition has it that in former years dition, for pirates still find refuge there these hills were covered with forests and and venture forth on rare occasions to the shores were green and inviting. But successfully attack honest Chinese junks in past centuries the ravages of pirates and small steamers. In the many small and buccaneers of many ,nationalities inlets of these islands the lawless fleets drove the population back from the may at their leisure prepare for attacks, troubled coast and the hills were stripped certain that no honest boat will venture of every vestige of trees, the wood being near their shores. •Passengers on the used for fires. Nowhere, except in other trans-Pacific liners or on the smaller parts of China, can be,seen such a strik- coast boats which run from Shanghai to ing and deplorable example of deforesta- Hongkong may here enjoy the thrills of tion. traveling through a pirate infested sea. As the steamer from Japan or from But they do it without danger, for many the ports of North China approaches years ago the pirates of the South China these coasts, islands as bleak as the shore Coast learned their limitations and they appear. One is not surprised to learn now confine' their efforts to the slow
361 362 THE MID-PACIFIC
going vessels manned by their own coun- give an air of confusion even greater trymen. than that one meets at other ports of the The vessel threads its way through the Far East. One who encounters this crooked and narrowing passages. Ex- human whirlpool for the first time is cer- cept for a few .sea birds and perhaps tain his bags will be lost, that he will be a distant junk there is not a vestige of separated from his companions and that life to be seen. Then, as suddenly as he will reach shore only at the risk of with the lifting of a curtain, a point is life and limb. But in an incredibly short rounded and there comes into full view time the confusion resolves itself into the enchanting panorama of Hongkong orderliness and passengers and baggage harbor. Great vessels are at anchor and are landed on the streets of Victoria. the water is dotted with the brown sails Perhaps the principal reason why so of hundreds of Chinese water craft. The many people fail to differentiate between steamer moves a little farther on and the colony and the city is that the colony, .what was seen at a distance as a grey aside from the city, amounts to very lit- speck on the shore is revealed as a city tle. The whole island is but ten miles —one of the most beautiful in the world. long and has an area of less than thirty It is a city which thousands Of travelers square miles. It is covered with hills have held in memory for a lifetime, and which in the world renowned Peak reach yet not one of a hundred of the travelers a height of 1825 feet. The granite hills ever learned the real name of the place. are as bare of vegetation as are the hills It is the city of Victoria, metropolis and of the China Coast and not more than seat of the government of the British col- one-twentieth of the area can be culti- ony of Hongkong, but commonly and vated. But in the crevasse„ where a hit erroneously given the same name as the of soil is lodged, and along the banks of colony. But there is no city of Hong- the many turbulent little streams, plant kong. Few letters are ever addressed to growth is luxurious and the island is a Victoria and the name rarely appears ex- real paradise of the botanist. The Flora cept in the official documents. No other Hongkongensis, published in 1861, listed city in the world is so consistently and described 1056 species which are to "called out of its name." be found on the island, a greater number The vessel finally drops anchor in the than can be found in any other similar harbor, for there are no docks for trans- area in the world. Except for a few who Pacific liners. Victoria, the beautiful, live in the small villages and at the fac- looks down from the heights and on the tory settlements outside the city limits, other side of the harbor lies the main- the entire population of the island resides land of China. Innumerable little Chi- in Victoria, a site which was selected be- nese boats, gaily colored, and propelled cause it dominated the harbor and of- by a single oar, rush from all points fered a greater level area than could be and are clustered about the steamer al- found in any other part of the island. most before the propeller blades cease But this level area was long ago out- to move. They have come to carry pas- grown and the town was extended by sengers and baggage to the shore. The filling in the sea and by climbing the shouting and screaming as they jostle mountainside. The principal business each other for position, the haggling streets of the city are on ground which over fares, the arguments of a hundred was made by filling in the sea and in the porters as they invade staterooms and back the hills have been terraced, carry out trunks and hand baggage, all spanned by a cable tramway and covered THE MID-PACIFIC 363
with houses and villas to the very top. in soil. Beyond the city as viewed from The city is really built in three layers. the Peak, lies the harbor, and at this dis- On the bottom layer, the level portion, tance the great steamers look like row there are a number of business streets, boats while the brightly colored small the principal one being Queens Road, boats with which the Chinese water pop- which extends five miles, from one end ulation dot the harbor, resemble nothing of town to the other. In the center are so much as brilliantly colored water the landing wharves and the principal beetles, swimming lazily. On a bright, business houses, while on both sides are clear day, a grey speck, which is Canton, the residences of the Chinese. Above, a can be seen eighty miles away. few minutes' climb up the side of the To the American and European, Vic- hill, are to be found the Government toria is the joy of the Far East. It lacks House and other public buildings and the gayety of Shanghai, the ancient gran- ' residences of the more prosperous of the deur of Peking, the quaintness and color Europeans. The third layer is at the of Japanese cities, but it abounds in that top of the Peak, where those who can kind Of orderliness, beauty and generous afford it, build summer homes to escape proportions which delight the heart of the heat of the lower levels. Near the the Westerner by reminders of his home top is the fine residence of the Governor land. The streets are clean, well paved of Hongkong, one of the most important and busy. The buildings are of an officials on the British colonial list. architecture peculiar to the Anglo-Saxon The view from the top of the Peak, tropics, where one must compromise which can be reached by tramway, is an with the sun. No other city in the Far inspiring one, and the trip to the top is East and few in all the world, are more full of interest. The cable tramway goes imposing in appearance when viewed up such a step grade that in descending from the water front. Above all, it is the passengers must ride backwards, an inspiring example of what can be otherwise they would be pitched forward done through the indomitable spirit of out of their seats. At the top of the the Anglo-Saxon pioneer. One must Peak one can see one of the most won- travel far to find a spot where such un- derful panoramas in the world. Just be- promising and ugly barrenness has been low, the hill falls away in steep inclines, turned into such great beauty. but beautifully terraced and traversed by It is difficult now to vision the naked winding roads and paths which reach rock which was Hongkong when the the lower levels by easy grades. A ride British took possession of it. Before to the top of the Peak, followed by a 1840 it was only one of the Thieves brisk walk to the bottom along the easily Islands, distinguished from that group graded roads, is the favorite form of ex. only by the fact that it lay nearest the ercise of many residents. The walk up- mainland of China and for that reason hill is not so popular. The greatest in- was the favorite refuge of thieves, mur- genuity of architect and road builder derers, pirates and smugglers who found have been called into use in making hab- it advisable to flee from the mainland. itable this steep side of a granite rock Then the British took possession of it, and the outlines of their work have been through the terms of the Treaty of Nan- covered and softened by the flowers and king, and the crafty Chinese diplomats ornamental plants which grow so gener- chuckled at the stupidity of the foreign- ously in this. damp warm climate, when ers who thought a wave washed rock, given an opportunity to sink their roots without desirable inhabitants or arable 364 THE MID-PACIFIC land, could be of any value. For many as was ever visited on the climate of any years the Chinese seemed to be right and spot. It is obvious that a great many the British wrong. Hongkong was a nasty things can be said about a climate pesthole, and the bleak hills hinted of characterized by a rainfall of 90 inches the death and disease which lurked on a year, and by tropical heat during a the shores beneath. The mortality was great part of that period. But when appalling. In 1842 and the years which the colony was properly drained, the followed, the Governor had to report to streets paved and a sanitary supply of the young Queen after whom the city water provided, the climate lost its ter- was named that Victoria was the most rors and Victoria became what it is now, pestilential city in all her dominions. one of the healthiest cities in the Far In a single year the Governor fell ill and East. went to Chusan for his health ; the Colo- In the meantime there were improve- nial Secretary went to Macao for the ments in the trade of the place. Macao, same reason ; the Surveyor General re- the ancient Portuguese colony a few turned to Europe ; the Engineer was miles distant, had hitherto been the head- driven to Macao to escape a fever ; the quarters for foreigners doing business Chaplain took refuge in Manila ; the in China. But the Portuguese authori- Chief Justice, who was very ill, lost his ties levied exacting duties on goods en- daughter ; the Civil Surgeon and the tered there for trans-shipment and ex- Treasurer resigned because of ill health. acted heavy harbor dues of all vessels Every vessel from Europe brought out which anchored under protection of the new soldiers and officers and took back guns of Macao forts. Hdngkong was, news of deaths and disease. from the first, a free port, but Macao For many years there was a constant maintained its prestige. Trading houses campaign to induce the authorities to declined to move from the healthy Portu- evacuate Hongkong and give the island guese colony to disease-stricken Hong- back to the Chinese. A high official re- kong. The expected influx of Chinese ported : "Nothing is more significant traders from Canton did not develop, than the change of tone adopted by the owing to the opposition of the Chinese merchants. Not one of those with whom authorities. The only Chinese who came I have conversed entertains the smallest were the thieves and other bad charac- hope of maintaining Hongkong as a ters who had formerly found refuge on commercial station ; it is simply a ques- the island. tion of avoiding any further engage- But as sanitation was improved, the ments, and of losing as little as possible advantages of Hongkong's commodious beyond what has already been lost. The harbor and duty-free port began to be reduction of the forces in garrison, and appreciated. One by one the traders re- the daily departures will complete the moved their establishments from Macao general collapse." In spite of the gen- to Hongkong and the Chinese followed eral pessimism about the future of the them. Since the first few years the Chi- colony, there was one element which dog- nese population has by great odds out- gedly persisted in hanging onto it. They numbered the European and some of the remained in the colony, optimistic with- Chinese living under the protection of out reason, but year by year conditions British law have gained great fortunes grew better. It was common in those and fame. At least one of them has been days to blame the climate for all un- knighted by the British sovereign and healthy conditions and the climate of stands high in the councils Of the govern- Hongkong came in for as much censure ment. Chinese Students in Canada By PHILIP K. LEM
Chinese students are few in Canada, have been for the most part brought up as compared with the United States and as laborers, with the exception of a few other countries. The reason for this is merchants' sons and "native borns." by no means because of the inferiority "Laborers" I say. It is not a disgrace of the Canadian educational system to to our name, but rather it leads us to see that of the United States and other parts all conditions of life, and enables us to of the world, but because of the great render a greater service in the future. hindrance of the poll-tax required by the Mencius said : "Thus, when Heaven is immigration policy of Canada. I fancy about to confer a great office on any it is not an easy matter for any private man, it first exercises his mind with suf- student to pay five hundred dollars to fering, and his sinews and bones with the Canadian government for the priv- toil. It exposes his body to hunger, and ilege of remaining in Canada, besides subjects him to extreme poverty. It con- the cost of his college course and his own founds his undertakings. By all these personal expenses. Five hundred dollars methods it stimulates his mind, hardens is a small sum to the millionaire, but it is his nature, and supplies his incompeten- a huge sum•of money, to the average stu- cies." So perhaps the difficulties that dent. I am not writing a mere theory the Canadian student must surmount fit or fancy, but an absolute fact. I have him for greater offices than he might met many students who, misunderstand- otherwise attain to. Thus far every one ing the Canadian law of immigration, of our graduates has obtained a signifi- made the journey thither, but afterwards cant position in the homeland, the United learned of the insurmountable barrier States, or Canada, after his graduation of the poll-tax, and were forced to re- from a Canadian university. In this con- move to neighboring countries. nection I cannot refrain from mention- Self-support ing the astonishing success of one of our All we students in Canada are self- public school boys. Lee Ho, a pupil of supporting. I am pointing out this fact the public school in Oak Lake, Manitoba, because it is a feature peculiar to Cana- thirteen years of age, wrote an essay on dian students. In other words, we may the causes of the world war, in connec- say we are of a different type from Chi- tion with a school competition, and this nese students elsewhere. For instance, essay has since been translated into Chi- of the Chinese students in the United nese and several European languages. States, almost fifty per cent are sup- His phrase with reference to Belgium, ported by the Chinese Government. This "I am a country, I am not a road," bids means they have more advantages than fair to become one of tiv. famous sen- we, as they had to pass strict competitive tences in the literature of the war. As a examinations before they came to occi- Glasgow paper has said, it has the ad- dental countries. We Canadian students vantage over many that will be written,
365 366 THE MID-PACIFIC
in being true. The Manitoba boy should When the supper was finished, Mr. G. P.' have great credit for his famous essay ; Mark, the chairman, announced the pur- and the story of his success is but one pose in bringing the students together among many. at the banquet, and then he asked me to But to pass on to another feature of speak on the subject of the necessity of our student life here. As I stated in the having an organization. our student life here. As before stated, "We have often heard the familiar ex- we are but few and independent of gov- pression 'Union is strength,' " said I, ernmental aid. Most of us were at "but, in our case, in the case of our exist- one time lahorers. Again, we are ence as students, union means more than scattered abroad here and there among strength. It means life. Therefore, if different colleges. As a result of this, there is any one quality above all others the student life is unsatisfactory. This that we must endeavor to obtain, that leads many students to leave us and go quality is to be able and willing to co- to the United States. We have no stu- operate and unite. 'No man can live dents' publication, although I might say alone ;' " and I illustrated this in a logical that we did have one for some time, but way. "My fellow students, if we learn unfortunately we were forced to discon- nothing else in America, let us learn to tinue it, not because we lacked versatile co-operate, to unite." After my speech, writers, but because we were not in af- there were three or four others who fluent circumstances. We have no ath- spoke and supported my plan for the or- letics, no parties to go to ; we lack that ganization of the Chinese body. Before delicate pleasure of associating with oth- we parted, the resolution was unani- ers. Ah, we are human beings, and all mously passed. Perhaps it will be neces- men have a great longing for friendly sary for me to say a few words as to associations. This is seen even in the what this organization stands for. Its lower animal kingdom. We must have five chief aims are : our associates in some way sooner or 1. To labor for the general welfare later. Thus only will our student body of the Chinese students in Canada ; be organized, for here too, necessity will 2. To encourage learning ; be the mother of invention. 3. To foster mutual friendship ; First Chinese Students' Union 4. To bring all the Chinese students So far the history of our student body in Canada into close touch with one an: is not very important, but it contains other ; and the seed of our future fate. In June, 5. To promote common interests in 1917, our Chinese students' banquet was every activity of student life. held in the city of Toronto. This was • Fortunately, through strenuous efforts the first time that so many Chinese stu- f the Chinese Students' Association, the dents, •representing many provinces in beginning of the first convention of the Canada, had ever assembled together. Chinese students was finally realized.
Ter THE MID-PACIFIC 367
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O O Racial Elements in Hawaii's Schools (Continued.)
By Vaughan MacCaughey Superintendent of Education Hawaii.
The Chinese have increased only to 1,000 Chinese pupils are in private four thousand. The first epoch in Ha- schools. There are 18 Chinese students waii's industrial exploitation was the at the College of Hawaii. There are 50 "Sandalwood Period," during which an to 60 Chinese teachers in the public active rtade was carried on with China. schools, and 15 to 20 in the private Chinese coolies began to be imported in schools. The Chinese increase in the small numbers about 1870. The flood of public school enrollment during 1916-17 coolie labor swelled rapidly and reached was over 7% of the total increase for a maximum about 1896. The exclusion that year. Seven hundred Chinese babies law, which went into effect with annex- were born in Hawaii last year. Only ation in 1898, has decreased the number 2,000 of the Chinese population of Ha- of Chinese immigrants. The Chinese in waii are now working on the sugar plan- Hawaii are mostly from Canton. tations. The Chinese now number 22,000 in Koreans Hawaii ; the increase during the past Of the three Asiatic peoples that com- decade has been slight. There are now prise the bulk of Hawaii's population, 800 .registered voters in Hawaii. In and that constitute a very large edu- 1900 there were almost as many Chinese cational problem, the Koreans are the children (1,300) in the schools as Jap- smallest. There are now about 4,800 anese (1,350). The Chinese, however, Koreans in Hawaii. They are almost all have increased only to 4,000, whereas aliens ; mostly men. Thirteen hundred there are now 14,000 Japanese children. are now at work on the sugar plantations, Chinese form over 10% of the total pop- living in "camps" or barracks. ulation ; the Japanese, nearly 40%. Over Koreans were first classed by them-
368 THE MID-PACIFIC 369 selves in the school reports in 1906; in sugar plantations. There are now about that year there were 161 Korean children 1,000 Spanish laborers on the sugar plan- in the schools. In 1917 the number had tations. reached 515, an increase of 354 in 11 In 1913 there were 1,000 Spanish in years. Koreans form only 1.3% of the the schools; in 1914, about 1000; in 1915, total school enrollment. The Korean in- about 1000; in 1916, 940; and in 1917, crease during 1916-17 was 1.4% of the 727. The Spanish element seems to be total increase for that year. There are decreasing, due to emigration to the six Korean students at the College of mainland. It comprises less than 2% Hawaii. One hundred fifty-four Korean of the total school enrollment, and 66% children are in private schools. of the total public school decrease for Portuguese 1916-17. Two hundred Spanish babies were born in Hawaii last year. There Portuguese have been imported into are about 65 Spanish children in private Hawaii, as cheap plantation labor, from schools. None have attended the College early times. They stand second only to of Hawaii. There are three Spanish the Chinese in length of residence in teachers in the public schools. Hawaii. They now constitute the chief "white" labor of Hawaii. Most of the Porto Ricans Portuguese have been imported from There are about 5,300 Porto Ricans Madeira and Fayal. The principal in- in Hawaii. They were imported by the flux occurred about 1880. government to furnish cheap labor for There are now about 24,000 Portu- the sugar plantations. At present there guese in Hawaii. Of these, 3,400 are are about 1,500 engaged at labor on these laborers on the sugar plantations. In plantations. In 1901 there were 600 Porto 1900 there were 3,800 Portuguese chil- Rican children in the schools. In 1917 dren in the schools ; in 1917 this number there were 1,100; an increase of nearly had risen to 5,900, an increase of 2,100, 100% in 16 years. At present Porto or over 65%, in 17 years. There are now Rican children form about 3% of the 1,150 in private schools, chiefly Roman total school enrollment. Sixty-eight Catholic. The Portuguese now comprise pupils are in private schools. The Porto 15% of the total school enrollment, and Rican increase in the public school en- exceed all other nationalities except the rollment during 1916-17 was 5.5% of Japanese. Last year 970 Portuguese the total increase for that period. Two children were born in Hawaii. hundred Porto Rican babies were born The Portuguese have 2,000 registered voters in Hawaii and comprise politically the best element in Hawaii's diverse im- Filipinos migrant population. They are industrious and thrifty and to a considerable extent The present Filipino population of Ha- have risen above the unskilled labor waii is about 19,000. Most of these have class. There are about 100 Portuguese been imported within the past few years teachers in the public schools, and 15 to to supply cheap labor to the agricultural 20 in the private schools. corporations. At present there are about 10,000 at work on the sugar plantations. • Spanish In 1912 there were 169 Filipino children The Spanish population is about 3,000. in the schools ; in 1914, 387; in 1915, 410; . Practically all were imported by the gov- in 1916, 499; and in 1917, 585. About ernment to furnish cheap labor for the 50 of these are in private schools. Pili- 370 THE MID-PACIFIC pinos now comprise 1.5% of the total school enrollment. There are about 20 school enrollment; their increase in the German teachers in the public schools, public schools during 1916-17 was about and six in the private schools. Like the 4% of the total increase for that year Japanese, Ohinese, Portuguese and Ko- There were 346 Filipino babies born in reans, the Germans have maintained Hawaii last year. No Filipino students their own private language-schools, sidee have attended the College of Hawaii ; this by side with the public schools. These is also true of Porto Ricans, Spanish, and schools tend toward nationalistic segre- very largely true of Portuguese. There gation, and are essentially un-American is one Filipino teacher in the public and undemocratic. schools. British Russians British commercial influence in Hawaii In an effort to secure cheap plantation has waned since annexation. There re- labor that would tend to overset the mains, however, a considerable element prevalence of Asiatics, Russian peasants in the population of British descent. Of of the lower agricultural classes were im- these the majority are Scotch, and most ported. A total of about 6,000 were im- of them came to the islands directly from ported, but many were dissatisfied and Scotland. Many of the plantation mana- returned to their native land. There are gers and employees are Scotch. In 1900 now less than 50 Russians at work on the there were 232 school children of British sugar plantations. parentage ; in 1917 there were 152. At In 1913 there were 108 Russian children present British children constitute only in the schools ; in 1914, 183 ; in 1915, 145 ; .3% of the total school enrollment. Fifty- in 1916, 128; and in 1917, 142. Thirty- five are in private schools. There are 50 two of the latter are in private schools. British teachers in the public schools and The Russian element in the school popu- about 10 in the private schools. Forty- lation seems to be practically stationary three British children were born in Ha- at present. It comprises only .3% of waii last year. the total school enrollment. Fourteen Americans Russian babies were born in Hawaii in As might be expected, there has been 1917. a notable increase in American school Germans children since the time of annexation Germany has labored zealously for (1898). By "Americans" are meant commercial supremacy in the Pacific. At Caucasians of American ancestry. In an early date she established a powerful 1910 there were 700 American children colony in Hawaii. This colony—mostly in Hawaii's schools ; in 1917 the num- immigrants directly from Germany—has ber reached 1,800, an increase of 1,100 been the source of much trouble, espion- in 17 years. Over half the American age and semi-traitorous acts during the children (915) are in private schools. recent war. At the outbreak there were The increase would be very much 300 registered German voters in Hawaii. greater if the Territory supported a popu- In 1900 there were 320 German children lation of middle-class, home-owning in Hawaii's schools ; in 1917 there were Americans,—farmers, mechanics, and the 275. Ninety pf these are fin private like. Under the existing social and schools. The decline has been gradual economic system the American popu- but unmistakable. At present German lation consists of a very thin crust of children comprise only .7% of the total Americans in capitalistic, professional, THE MID-PACIFIC 371 mercantile, governmental and military lish. In 1910 this amounted to 85,000 pursuits, superimposed upon and almost persons, or nearly 57%. Eighty-one per wholly isolated from the great mass of cent of the Koreans cannot speak Eng- the population. Only 295 American chil- lish ; 79% of the Japanese ; 63% of the dren were born in Hawaii last year ; dur- Chinese; 73% of the Spanish ; 67% of ing the same year there were 5,000 Jap- the Porto Ricans ; 29% of the Portu7 anese births. The American population guese; and 58% of the Filipinos and is largely non-home-owning, non-agri- negroes. The problems of establishing cultural, and with very small families. American ideals among a population that There is little real social contact with the is largely male, alien, homeless, landless, people of the other races. The largest and non-English-speaking, are readily ap- proportion of the American population, parent. like that of the alien Asiatic population, consists of unmarried males. American Preponderance of Unmarried Males children constitute only 4.6% of the total The unusually large percentage of un- school enrollment. There are about 400 married males in Hawaii is shown by American teachers in the public schools, the following data. The social and edu- and 250 in the private schools. There cational effects of this condition are are 730 Americans working as employees readily apparent. These facts are for on the sugar plantations. 1910, but are essentially the same at pres- The educational problem of "Ameri- ent, 1919 : canizing" Hawaii will never be solved un- Unmarried males, 15 years of age and til thoroughly organized and long-con- over : All races, 49%; Hawaiian, 32%; tinued efforts are made to establish a part-Hawaiian, 46% ; Caucasian, 44%; large American middle-class population. Chinese, 56%; Japanese, 51%. Illiteracy Population (1910) 20 to 30 years of An illiterate, is any person, ten years age : of age and over, who is unable to write Males Females (regardless of ability to read). In 1910 Koreans 2,800 200 there were in Hawaii 40,000 illiterates. Japanese 32,000 12,000 This is over 25% of the population ten Chinese 6,000 1,200 years of age and over. Illiteracy is char- Filipino, negro, etc 1,200 200 acteristic of all the cheap labor which Porto Rican 1,200 700 has been imported to work on the plan- tations. Over 73% of the Porto Ricans In recent years the proportions of are illiterate ; 35% of the Japanese ; 32% male to female population have become of the Chinese ; 25% of the Koreans ; somewhat more evenly balanced. Thecon- 49% of the Spanish ; 35% of the Portu- guese; and 32% of the Filipinos and ditions for many decades have been dis- negroes. The heavy influx of illiterate tinctly favorable to and have resulted labor obviously has placed a very heavy in an excessive amount of commercialized burden upon the educational and political prostitution, both in the plantation camps machinery of Hawaii. or laborers' barracks and in Honolulu. Inability to Speak English Hawaii today has little of the genuine Over one-half of the population of the "home life" which is the only real bul- Territory of Hawaii cannot speak Eng- wark of the American democracy. 372 THE MID-PACIFIC
. Women as Field Laborers cannot to much toward realizing or es- tablishing an "American home," even The fact that in Hawaii the women do though her progeny be American-born a large amount of manual labor in the and attend American schools. plantation fields and in the pineapple The bulk of the population of Hawaii canneries is a significant commentary up- is non-Protestant-Christian. Shintoism, Cm the conditions of home life. The Buddhism, Confucianism, Mormonism, women of the various nationalities—Jap- and Roman Catholicism are strongly en- anese, Chinese, Portuguese, Spanish, trenched throughout the islands. Porto Rican, etc.—work in the cane fields, The data presented in this article in gangs with the men. Women laborers does not pretend to be a complete inter- are known to the planters and overseers pretation of any single phase of Hawaii's as wahines (the Hawaiian word for extremely complex social and economic women). It is obvious that the alien life, but it will serve to suggest, quanti- peasant woman who works at hard man- tatively, some of the outstanding prob- ual labor in the field for ten hours a day lems that Hawaii must meet.
A polyglot school in Hawaii. MS= nZc The Pineapple A Latin-American Fruit
OME one has said that perhaps the stem as on the stem, and it is said nature might have produced a that pears are even better when pulled S fruit which looked as good as a a little green and allowed to ripen watermelon, tasted as good as a straw- away from the sun. But this is not true berry, and smelled as good 'as a cucum- of pineapples, because the fruit allowed ber, but that nature had not done so. to ripen on its stump has acquired its This person did not know the pine- sugar by translocation from the stump apple, at least not the ripe pineapple itself during the process of ripening, as freshly cut from the plant. No fruit while the pear acquires its sugar by could be more beautiful in appearance, converting the starch within itself—a more luscious in taste, or possess a process which nay go on as well or more enticing odor than the pineapple even better after the fruit is severed ripened on the stump. In truth it was from the parent plant, while the trans- among the choicest food for mortals, location in the pineapple becomes im- but the ripe pineapple is food for im- possible the instant the severance is mortals. Many fruits ripen as well off made. 373 374 THE MID-PACIFIC
The fruit of the pineapple, unlike to America. Thus we acquired the most other fruits—apples, pears, peach- sugar cane; coffee, the banana, and oth- es, bananas, for example—contains prac- ers, and American plants like the pine- tically no starch at all, only a few apple and manioc were taken to Asia granules in the rind under the fruit and Africa. After a while, when sci- eyes; consequently there can be no true entists began to study the origin of the ripening process involving the produc- species, the material evidences had be- tion of sugar unless the necessary come confused, particularly so when the starch be derived from some other cultivated plant, as often happens in the source. The supply of sugar for the Tropics, had escaped into a wild state. pineapple is secured in the period of Even the historical evidences were lack- ripening from the stem, or stump as it ing among savage and semisavage in- is called, which, like the sweet potato, digenous populations or in the records is composed mainly of starch. A part of untrained travelers and other ob- of the ripening process—the chief part servers. But with patient study the in respect to flavor or taste—goes on origin of most grains, fruits, and other in the stump, where the starch is common plants is now known and the transformed into sugar and passes on pineapple is beyond any reasonable into the fruit. From this one can read- doubt American. On this subject Prof. ily see that fruit plucked in a partly de Candolle says : green state can never contain more In spite of the doubts of a few writers, the sugar than it had at the time it was pineapple must be an American plant, early plucked. In reality it never ripens, al- introduced by Europeans into Asia and Af- though apparently the normal process rica. Nana was the Brazilian name, which the Portuguese turned into ananas. The continues, for it becomes with time Spanish called it pines, because the shape re- soft, juicy, and develops the color of sembles the fruit of a species of pine. All the ripe fruit, but in reality it is not early writers on America mention it. Her- and can never become ripe. Neverthe- nandez says that the pineapple grows in the warm regions of Haiti and Mexico. He men- less, even in its imperfect condition, tions a Mexican name, matzatli. A pineap- the pineapple is fully equal to any other ple was brought to Charles V, who mistrusted table fruit ; but it is only when nature it, and would not taste it. The works of the is allowed to complete its process that Greeks, Romans, and Arabs make no allu- the pineapple becomes the incomparable sion to this species, which was evidently in- troduced into the Old World after the discov- fruit it is and deserves to be consid- ery of America. Rheede in the seventeenth ered. It is fitting that America, which century was persuaded of this; but Rum- gave to the world the greatest of all phius disputed it later, because he said the grains, Indian corn, should also have pineapple wai cultivated in his time in every given the queen of all the fruits, the part of India, and was found wild in Celebes and elsewhere. He notices, however, the pineapple. absence of an Asiatic name. That given by The pineapple is of American origin ; Rheede for Malabar is evidently taken from this can not now be doubted, yet for a a comparison with the jack-fruit. and is in no long while it was doubted. In the era sense original. It is doubtless a mistake on the part of Piddington to attribute a Sans- of Spanish and Portuguese discoveries krit name to the pineapple, as the name an- of America, the route to the East In- arush seems to be a corruption of ananas. dies, the African coast, the islands of Roxburgh knew of none, and Wilson's dic- the Pacific and Indian Oceans, there tionary does not mention the word anarush. was a great interchange of plants from Royle says that the pineapple was intro- duced into Bengal in 1594. Kircher says that one part of the world to another. Asi- the Chinese cultivated it in the seventeenth atic and African plants were brought century, but it was believed to have been THE MID-PACIFIC 375 brought to them from Peru. Clusius in 1599 nave Beene in New Spaine conserves of these had seen leaves of the pineapple brought pines, which was very good. from the coast of Guinea. This may be ex- plained by an introduction there subsequent The pineapple is a tropical plant and to the discovery of America. Robert Brown yet it succeeds best where the temper- speaks of the pineapple among the plants ature is not too high, but it will not cultivated in Kongo; but he considers the stand any frost. The finest specimens species to be an American one. Although have been grown in the milder sections the cultivated pineapple bears few seeds or none at all, it occasionally becomes natural- of the Tropics and in the fringe out- ized in hot countries. Examples are quoted side just below the frost line. It is In Mauritius, the Seychelles, and Rodriguez grown in quantities in India, Ceylon, Island, in India, in Malay Archipelago, and in the Malay States, Java, Madagascar, some parts of America, where it was proba- bly not indigenous—the West Indies, for in- African, the Azores, Australia, and stance. It has been found wild in the warm other tropical or subtropical coun- regions of Mexico (if we , may trust the tries. It is produced in France and phrase used by Hernandez), in the province England in hothouses, but the largest of Veraguas near Panama, in the upper Ori- production is by far in America and noco Valley, in Guiana, and the province of Bahia. Hawaii. In Europe the pineapple is fruit for the tables of only the very The pineapple is mentioned by all or rich. A guinea a piece in London, 25 nearly all the earlier Spanish and Por- to 30 francs in Paris, and more in Ber- tuguese authorities on America. One lin or Petrograd, were common prices of the most interesting mentions is that before the war for fine fruits. from the Natural and Moral History of The pineapple is not propagated by the Indies. This work was written by seeds but by stumps, slips, suckers, and Father Jose de Acosta, a Jesuit priest, crowns. and was first published in Latin at Sal- In the earlier clays the pineapple was amanca in 1588. From this we quote : plucked almost entirely green. Later, The Pines, or Pine-apples, are of the same fashion and forme outwardly to those of with better methods of transportation Castille, but within they wholly differ, for and by icing, it was possible to market that they have neither apples, nor scales, fresh pineapples plucked in a nearly but are all one flesh, which may be eaten ripe state. Then came the canning in- when the skinne is off. It is a fruite that dustry. Only ripe fruits are canned, and hath an excellent smell, and is very pleasant and delightfull in taste, it is full of juyce, and fortunately the pineapple is a fruit which of a sweete and sharpe taste, they eate it loses but little in canning. The center beng cut in morcells, and steeped a while of the pineapple-canning industry until in water and salt. Some say that this recently was Singapore, Straits Settle- breedes choler, and that the use thereof is ments. The Singapore output is .ordi- not very healthfull. But I have not scene any experience thereof, that might breed e narily from 600,000 to 700,000 cases-. beleefe. They grow one by one like a cane The cases contain 24 or 48 cans, ac- or stalke, which riseth amongst many leaves, cording to size. Hawaii, which began like to the lillie, but somewhat bigger. The to can pineapples in about 1900, now apple is on the toppe of every cane, it growes in hote and moist groundes. and the turns out from 2,000,000 to 3,000,000 best are those of the llands of Barlovente. cases. The Philippine, Islands, Siam, It grows not in Peru, but they carry them China, Guadeloupe, the Bahama Islands, from the Andes, the which are neither good Nassau, in addition to the United States, nor ripe. One presented one of these Pine- are also engaged in canning pineapple. apples to the Emperour Charles the fift, which must have cost much paine and care The United States is the largest con- to bring it so farre, with the plant from the sumer both of the fresh and the canned Indies, yet would he not trie the taste. I fruit. 376 THE MID-PACIFIC
in Java the The Dutch East Indies
By H. F. K. DOUGLAS.
(The Pan-Pacific Engineering Congress will be held at Weltevreden, Java, during May 1920. Mr. Douglas, with more than twenty years of experience in Java, tells of the inexhaustible source of opportunity the Dutch East Indies offers.)
HANKS to the invitation of the Pacific Magazine readers, knowing that Pan-Pacific Union, I was given every reader will be a good advertiser. T an opportunity to deliver an il- From Honolulu to Yokohama is a dis- lustrated lecture in Honolulu, attended tance of 3380 miles—a sea voyage of ten by the Governor of Hawaii, the Consul or twelve days. The territories of the of the Netherlands, and men schooled Dutch East Indies extend for more than in science, agriculture, industrial art, 3125 miles from East to West, and 1175 commerce, and labor. miles from north to south, covering an I had already learned that general area of 748,000 square miles. knowledge of the Dutch East Indies was In Comparison. negligible, and with twenty years' experi- The Hawaiian Islands together cover ence as a foundation, and of my own an area of 6406 square miles. free-will, set about the task of helping Japan, Formosa, Korea are about 260,- to lift this veil from these rich and 000 square miles, or one-third the size extensive islands. of the Dutch Colonies. It was a satisfaction to note the amaze- The most prominent islands are Java, ment which greeted the figures I showed Sumatra, Celebes and Borneo. Java is on the blackboard at the Honolulu lec- very intensively worked, and covers an ture, and after that evening I had no area of 51,371 square miles, eight times hour free in the Mid-Pacific city. the size of the Hawaiian Islands. Hol- I will endeavor to bring the most land, the real ruler of the colonies for striking figures under the eyes of Mid- more than 300 years, has put energy
377 378 THE MID-PACIFIC
and capital in Java alone, and only for American capitalists to take their share the past twenty-five years has attempted in the development of this rich land. As anything toward developing the vast re- far as I know, only two large American sources of Sumatra, Borneo and the concerns have opened rubber and coffee other islands. estates, or cocoanut plantations. Accord- ing to their annual reports, they are well What They Produce. satisfied. I will give you a general idea of the We have no labor troubles worth men- big staple products, which exert an in- tioning, and I know you will scarcely be- fluence on the market around the world. lieve subjoined figures. Wages paid to Sugar: There are only 186 sugar laborers today, vary from 10 cents to 80 mills in Java. In 1882 they produced cents to field laborers, and $1.00 for 425,000 tons ; in 1918, the output was skilled laborers. In the outlying prov- 1,800,000 tons. inces, wages are somewhat higher. Tea: On Java are 140 estates ; in Su- Java, World's Most Densely Populated matra, 15, and nearly all new. In 1901 Country. they produced 16.7 million pounds of It is not well to have a population so tea ; in 1915, 102 million pounds. 'unevenly divided. Of a total of 45,000,000 Rubber: There are 408 estates on people, the Island of Java alone has Java, and 266 on Sumatra, covering an 35,000,000, which means that the vast area of about 570,600 acres. Most of the islands of Borneo, Sumatra and Celebes estates are very young, and many plan- have a comparatively sparse settlement. tations are not yet tapped. It is easy, however, to induce emigration Coffee: The world is familiar with from Java to these islands, under several the high grade coffee of Java. Three years' contract. It is to the advantage hundred and eighty-two estates on Java of the planters to establish attractive and 123 on Sumatra produced in 1914 laborer's settlements, with sanitary regu- 34,267 tons of coffee. lations. Tobacco: In 1916, more than 1,000,- Most of the existing tobacco estates 000 bales of 198 pounds were ready for have contract labor from China, but what the market. labor problem there is, can easily be Cinchona: 110 estates on Java, and four on Sumatra cover an area of about solved by importing tractors, as the Holt, 35,700 acres. In 1916, 9,000 tons were the Yuba, the Best or the Ford tractors, produced. and letting agriculture and industry play Cassava: In 1915, 4,400 tons were ex- into each other's hands. ported, chiefly to England and America. Industry. Cocoanuts: The value of export of Tractors remind me of industry, and copra, cocoanut oil and other products of I will sum up briefly the industrial de- this valuable nut amounted in 1914 to velopment of the islands. $27,000,000. The yearbook of the Dutch East In- It will be evident to you that Sumatra dian Government in 1917 stated that in- and Celebes and Borneo are now in the dustrial enterprise had made some prog- public eye, and indeed, some of the ex- ress during the past few years, but that istent) agricultural concerns have put it was still of minor importance. Only some of their profits into enterprise and small machines were manufactured in investigation in these islands ; but there 1914, but durin the war, it was proved are still thousands of opportunities for that bigger plants and engines could be THE MID -PACIFIC 379 manufactured there. On Sumatra there four years prove to be more or less per- are two manufacturing plants only, but manent r Will the hold that Germany with the development of agricultural in- had obtained on the Indian market be dustry, others must be built to supply the lost forever? We dare not predict. Un- increasing demands of the coffee, tea, doubtedly, it will be both difficult and sugar and rubber estates with machin- expensive for Germany to gain the ery. That the existing plants cannot ground that she lost in the East, but, on even now supply the demand is proved the other hand, if Japan and America by figures which show an amount of wish to keep the business they have so $10,000,000 expended for imported en- easily won, they will have to change their gines and machinery in 1916. manner of doing things in many ways. Other manufactures are building ma- They must prepare for a commercial terials, paper, aerated waters, spirits, pre- war and cut down their prices to a rea- served food-stuffs, maboo, hats, butick, sonable figure, and—this is especially for furniture and soap, most of them pro- our Japanese friends—they must prove duced on Java. reliable exporters. Remember, "Hon- esty is the best policy," particularly in Attention, Exporters! trade. To give some idea of the things the When I am asked if it is better to Dutch Colonies need, I submit a list of manufacture and cater to native de- 1916 imports : mands, or to the needs of the foreign Soft Goods, 40.4 million dollars, im- population in the Dutch East Indies, I ported from Rangoon, Saigon, etc. think better prOfits could be reaped Iron, Steel and Hardware, 13.6 million by catering to the native population. dollars. They numbered in 1905 nearly 45,000,- Machinery and Steam Engines, 10 mil- 000, while the foreign people, consisting lion dollars. of Europeans, Chinese, Arabs and other Foodstuffs, 11.2 million dollars. Asiatics, numbered about 800,000, and Artificial Manures, 5.6 million dollars. nearly 600,000 of these are Chinese. Commerce. Moreover, the natives are in a period of In former years most of the Dutch evolution ; more and more they are learn- East Indies' imports came from Europe, ing to use European clothes, cigars, uten- but since 1914 the United States of sils, and other commodities, and their America and Japan have played an im- standard of living and wages are being portant part in the supply of needed arti- raised continually, as the country pro- cles. That Japan made a big profit dur- gresses. ing the war is known in America, and the Transportation. value of the total imports from that A most important item is traffic. Since country, all classes (piece-goods as well 1912 ships of all nations have been per- as sundries, provisions, chemicals, etc.), mitted to engage in trade between the amounted during 1917 to $18,500,000, islands. Up to the present time, no less which figures, in comparison with those than eighty ports have been thrown open of two years previous—$4,500,000- to international commerce, and there are show an advance of more than 400 per two free ports in the islands. The har- cent. bors are good, and large sums are being Will this trade of Japan—now that the spent continually to keep them so. Great War is over—flow back into its old Means of conveyance in Java are suf- channels, or will the changes of the last ficient to meet all requirements ; Sumatra 380 THE MID-PACIFIC is being supplied with a railway system, Commerce: Keep in mind that not and the outlying islands will have gov- only America needs our staple products, ernment tram lines. but that there are millions of people who Summary. need your articles—food-stuffs, earthen- Agriculture: All the islands are open ware, iron, steel, machines, tractors, rail- to agricultural enterprise, but especially road material, wagons, chemicals, Sumatra and Celebes have large areas: clothes, etc. Climatic conditions are good, and make War has caused commerce to move in possible the planting of rubber, coffee, new channels. For several years Europe tea, cocoanuts, oil-palms, sugar, cassava will not be able to supply the demands and other tropical products. of the Far East, and countries bordering Industry: Where thousands of strong the Pacific have a splendid opportunity water-falls are present, it is possible to to develop their trade, and I believe that run factories by generated electric power America will from this moment pay more —factories for manufacturing machines, interest to the Dutch East Indian Arch- building materials, furniture, food-stuffs, ipelago, which was until a short time etc. ago practically unknown and neglected.
In a Javan Sugar Mill. manlmnrolommu===:=6
THE PAN-PACIFIC UNION
BULLETIN %F-IE PAN-PACIFIC UNION
OCTOBER - New Series No.
HONOLULU PUBLISHED BY THE UNION 1919
,8'crarirmimnr=ortmarm:o arammirrami4t. 382 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN.
CONTENTS, BULLETIN OF THE PAN-PACIFIC UNION
October 'gig
Page. Intensive Work Started by Pan-Pacific Union 3 Progress of Pan-Pacific Congress Plans to Date 5 Many Institutions Cooperate in Commercial Museum Plan 7 Pan-Pacific Art Exhibit a Congress Feature 8 Pan-Pacific Questions Answered 9 Pan-Pacific News : Balboa Day Observance Widespread 13 Volcano Experts to Meet 13 America Creates New Pacific Fleet 14 Hawaii's Gasoline Famine 14 Premiers Endorse Union's Work 14 New Zealanders Show Interest 14 Oakland, California, to Celebrate 14 Some Basic Facts 15 Officers of the Pan-Pacific Union 16
The bulletin of the Pan-Pacific Union is issued monthly and is bound with the Mid-Pacific Magazine, which is the official organ of the Pan-Pacific Union. Subscription to the Mid-Pacific Magazine is $2.00 in the United States and pos- sessions, $2.50 in Canada and Mexico, all other countries $3.00. Government bureaus, commercial organizations, Hands-Around-the-Pacific Clubs, institu- tions, etc., may receive the bulletin separate from the magazine free, on applica- tion to the Pan-Pacific Union, Honolulu, T. H. Organizations desiring to be placed on the regular mailing list of the Union for bulletins andi other printed matter which is issued from time to time, should communicate with the Union. PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN. 383 Intensive Work Started by Pan-Pacific Union
Development of the statistical and Pacific lands and Pacific problems. other intensive departments of the Pan- This will all be filed in a manner that Pacific Union is now engaging the will make it open for immediate thought and energies of the Union's reference so that it may be available staff. While plans are still in a ten- with the maximum of efficiency for tative stage, due to a desire to make• the activities of the Union. no step' in advance of a determination It is the plan of the Union to also as to the best course to pursue, and a maintain complete files of periodicals study of the needs of the Pacific lands, published in Pacific lands which are the plan in its general outline is fairly of particular significance to the Pan- well developed. Pacific activities, as well as other pub- It involves the creation in the head- lications throughout the world which quarters of the Union at Honolulu of will be of special interest in the work a statistical library properly filed and of the Union. It is also hoped that indexed, which shall contain govern- files of leading newspapers of Pan- mental, commercial, educational, scien- Pacific lands may be gradually ac- tific and other data regarding the Pa- quired and kept in the library of the cific and the lands within and around Union. it. This great collection of material One of the most valuable and inter- will be filed in many forms. There esting phases of the statistical depart- will, of course, be reference books ment of the Union will be a file of properly arranged and catalogued. maps. Besides large charts of the en- There will be card index files contain- tire Pacific, showing its scientific and ing information of every description commmercial features, and maps of the classified and arranged for instant ref- various countries in and about the f erence. The problem of placing Pa- greatest. of oceans, the Union plans to cific information in the most available gather special maps and charts of Pa- form is receiving careful study, and it cific ports and of regions which are is expected that when the card index particularly important for commerce scheme is actually installed, it will from a scientific point of view or for present some features novel, in the other important reasons. practice of statistical filing. Classifying Union's Collections To File Mass of Material. A start has already been made on There will also be files of news- the classification and filing of the im- paper and magazine clippings, maps, mense collection of photographs, draw- pamphlets, publications, and material of ings, and pictures, which are the prop- a miscellaneous nature bearing upon the erty of the Union. These will be filed 384 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN.
in connection with the other material to further any particular commercial or . where they will be instantly available other interest will be given out. In for use in the publications of the Union this regard, its publicity work will be ' or in connection , with its publicity somewhat like that now carried on by work. the Pan-American Union at Washing- As one of the objects of the Pan- ton in its field, but with a little broad- Pacific Union is the dissemination of er development as far as service to the information regarding the Pacific and press and periodicals in general is con- its lands, such a statistical department cerned. as has been outlined above is an abso- Not desiring to duplicate existing lutely essential part of its activities. facilities during .the formative period With the material classified and filed of its statistical department, it is pos- and ready for instant reference, the sible that an arrangement will be made preparation of the bulletins and oc- with the Library of Hawaii at Hono- casional publications of the Union will lulu for cooperating as far as the gath- be greatly simplified. It is the inten- ering and filing of books, only, is con- tion to develop the publication activi- cerned. The Library of Hawaii al- ties of the Union to a large extent, and ready has a strong collection of Pan- further plans along this line will be Pacific literature, and until the Union's ready for announcement at an early permanent building is erected, the date. strictly library feature may possibly be Allied to the statistical department handled in this cooperative way. will be a publicity or information The development of the statistical bureau which will be ready to furnish department will be a long step forward to newspapers, periodicals, institutions, in ithe activities of the Union, especial- and individuals, information within the ly toward coordinating them and de- scope of the Union's work. The ac- veloping the work intensively. It will tivities of this department are only get- be a great help to the Pacific lands, ting under way, and it is the plan to and their cooperation is earnestly de- issue a regular press service within a sired. few months. For the gathering of material relat- Press Service Impartial. ing to the various countries, existing It should be distinctly understood affiliated organizations are being ask- that this press service will in no wise ed for assistance, and new arrange- partake of an advertising nature. The ments will be made in quarters where Union is a strictly international or- there is now no representative of the ganization, and no information designed Union. PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN. 383 Progress of Pan-Pacific Congress Plans to Date
Progress on the plans for the Pan- secretary of the Union is now at work Pacific congress to be held in Hono- preparing revised and detailed plans lulu during the years 1920-21 has been for the further consideration of the rapid during the past month. The committee. The expectation is that most notable development was the ap- these plans will again be revised after pointment by Governor C. J. McCarthy, further meetings of the committee and of Hawaii, President of the Pan- that within two or three months a Pacific Union, of a general committee definite program for the congress will to make arrangements for the Con- be ready for wide-spread publication. gress. The personnel of this com- Congress a Single Unit. mittee, which includes men prominent Most important among the decisions in various lines of endeavor in the of the committee at its initial meeting Hawaiian Islands, is as follows : was that by which the Congress will G. P. Denison be handled as a single entity instead F. C. Atherton of as a mere group of separate con- W. R. Castle ferences. This will not in any way A. Lewis, Jr. destroy the idea of separate confer- R. H. Trent ences on separate subjects, but means Dr. H. E. Gregory that the control and administration will Vaughan MacCaughey be simplified and the period over Prince Kuhio Kalanianaole which the Congress will extend will Dr. I. Mori probably be shortened. The committee C. K. Ai has not yet made final decision on this W. F. Frear matter, but unless information received Ex-officio-President, Secretary, in response to various inquiries now and Assistant Secretary of the being made indicates to the contrary, Pan-Pacific Union. the single congress plan will be adopt- It will be noted that the committee ed with modifications. includes representatives of several of Realizing the fact that many inter- the Pacific races, and it is the inten- ested may not find it possible to meet tion of the Union that this represen- during the period of the congress, ar- tation be widened, as the committee rangements will probably be made for has power to increase its membership supplimentary conferences on different for this and other purposes. dates. This situation is particularly An initial meeting of the committee true of the educators who can only has already been held, and the plans meet during the vacation time of the for the Congress have been thoroughly school year. So much interest has discussed by the members. Certain been expressed by educators in the modifications of the original plans idea of the Pan-Pacific educational have been suggested and the assistant conference that the Union will make 386 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN. every effort to hold a successful and est in these branches of science will worth while educational conference take the opportunity furnished by the some time during the years 1920-21. Congress to visit Hawaii and the won- it is impossible to arrange the general derful volcanic features of the islands, congress sessions to meet the needs of and also participate in a conference the educators as to meeting date, a which may have far-reaching impor- separate conference will beheld in the tance for the Pacific. summer months. Art and Music Features The Congress will not be without Organizing the Secretariat. features to lighten the weighty discus- Organization of the office staff for sions of Pacific problems, and to attract handling the Congress is already en- the interest and attention of the families gaging the time of the Union to a of the delegates. Members of the Art- large extent. It is planned to have ists, Architects, and Engineers Club of the management and secretarial acti- Honolulu, a hearty supporter of the vities of the Congress handled in the Pan-Pacific Union, have appointed a Union headquarters if possible, and to committee to plan a Pan-Pacific art ex- some extent officers and employees of hibit during the Congress. The plan is the Union will be used for this work. to erect a gallery in Honolulu and give However, the activities of the Union an exhibition during the Congress of are broadening to such an extent that the work of Pacific artists and also of additional help will be needed, and the the Pacific art. When one considers that executives are now at work outlining this plan opens up the fields of painting, a plan and organizing a staff of com- sculpture, and drawing, of art and ar- petent persons to handle this phase. chitecture in general, both of the Occi- Letters from every state of the Pa- dent and the Orient, the splendor and cific representing the Union express interest of such an exhibit can easily be enthusiasm over the Congress, and in- imagined. The committee is actively dications are that the delegates will at work drawing plans for the tempo- exceed in number the original esti- rary gallery and outlining the scope of mate of the Union. The plan from the exhibit, and further announcements the start has been to make the confer- may be expected in future bulletins of ences worth while even if the body of the Union. delegates should be comparatively Other interests are planning a musi- small. The idea has been to get men cal festival in which the music of the and women who count, and to play for various races around and in the Pacific results rather than numbers, which will be featured. It is probable that spe- might or might not signify. Particular cial music will also be arranged for interest is expressed in letters received various sessions of the Congress. With during the past month in the educa- the musical nature of the people of Ha- tional conference, and teachers in waii and the great interest shown in many of the Pacific lands indicate their music by those who have come to these desire to attend a Pan-Pacific educa- islands, the musical features of the Con- tional conference. gress should be unique and beautiful. Great interest is also being shown by Entertainment features for delegates meteorological experts, volcanologists. to the Congress will only be in keeping and seismologists. The indications are with the reputation of Hawaii for hos- that some of the men who rank high- pitality. PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN. 387 Many Institutions Cooperating In Commercial Museum Plan
Plans for the Pan-Pacific Commer- purpose if there are no legal obstruc- cial Museum are now being worked out tions encountered. by a committee of the. Union which has Museum Offers Co-operation taken up its task with enthusiasm and At a recent conference of the Museum will make a definite report probably Committee proposals were made by Dr. this month. H. E. Gregory, director of the Bishop Negotiations are under way between Museum at Honolulu looking toward a the Union and the government of the consolidation of the museum activities Territory of Hawaii for the use of a of the Union with those of the now ex- large tract of land adjoining the Judi- isting Bishop Museum, which has prob- ciary Building on the civic center. This ably the largest and finest collection of tract is most excellently located for a Polynesian material in existence. The Commercial Museum, being on the main chief drawback to such a consolidation thoroughfare of the city of Honolulu. is the fact, well known to Pan-Pacific On the same side of the street there are visitors in Honolulu, that the Bishop the new federal building sites, the judi- Museum is located some distance from ciary building, and the famous old Ka- the'center of the city and so is not read- waiahao Church. On the opposite side ily accessible to persons in commercial are the capitol, the archives building, pursuits for short and frequent practi- the library of Hawaii, the Mission Me- cal visits. The same drawback exists in morial Hall, and the site of the proposed the case of persons passing through on Pan-Pacific Union building. steamships who desire to make the max- The location is within a five-minute imum use of their time. walk of the center of the business sec- It is probable, however, that further tion, and the same distance from the serious consideration will be given to principal steamship terminals. On the Dr. Gregory's generous proposal so that tract there is now located a group of some form of cooperation may be stone and other buildings which have reached if possible. The facilities of been used by an automobile concern un- the present museum, the excellence of der a temporary lease from the govern- its staff, and its established position in ment. It is the hope of the Union that the scientific world would be a great this site and the buildings onit can be asset to the Commercial Museum, and secured for temporary location for the it is the object of the Union wherever Pan-Pacific Commercial Museum. Per- possible to seek the most efficient meth- manent quarters will later be found in ods of doing business. the Union's own structure when that is built. Good progress has been made on University Is Assisting negotiations with the government, and Further large support to the Commer- assurances have been given that the cial Museum, is given by the University land and buildings can be used for this of Hawaii, just organized from the ex- 388 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN. isting College of Hawaii. This is the room work, the University authorities government institution of higher educa- are entering into the larger plan for a tion in the islands and has a growing Pan-Pacific Commercial Museum with prestige among educational institutions. enthusiasm and earnest cooperation. Among the plans of the University are As soon as the plans are completely broad arrangements for a College of outlined, communication will be made Commerce in which plans the Pan- with the various nations in and about Pacific Union is cooperating. For the the Pacific, and the work of gathering purposes of this college, a small com- exhibits will be started. Already as- mercial museum had been planned for surances of support have been received location at the University, and while from enough countries to make it cer- this plan will necessarily have to be tain that the museum will be a great carried out, owing to the needs of class- success.
Pan-Pacific Art Exhibit a Congress Feature
The art of the Pacific will be repre- ter what the subject or what the nature, sented at a Pan-Pacific art exhibit to be will be eligible in this section. The held at Honolulu simultaneously with other section will be one of characteris- the Pan-Pacific Congress. This was de- tic Pan-Pacifi,, art, that is, examples of cided upon at a conference of artists, the art of the various Pacific lands. architects and engineers held at the Pan- This arrangement gives a very broad Pacific Union recently. All the dele- field, and should result in the gathering gates present were enthusiastic and of all the collections more or less unique pledged their hearty support to the plan. in art annals. With the wonderful field of subjects, In order to give the exhibits the and with the varied arts of the various proper setting and give the public, and nations included within the Pacific area, especially the delegates to the Pan- the Pan-Pacific art exhibit should be re- Pacific Congress ample opportunity to markable and unique. It will combine study the collection, the committee in the art of Occident and Orient, and in charge plans to erect a temporary gal- so doing will literally make the world lery of fireproof construction some- of art its field. where on the civic center. This will be The plan includes two sections. One designed in a style of architecture which of these is the exhibit of work of Pan- will express the Pan-Pacific idea and Pacific artists, that is of artists born in will provide all the features of lighting or working in the countries in and and arrangement that are necessary to around the Pacific. If present plans give the pictures and other objects of prevail the work of such artists, no mat- art the best possible display. PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN. 389
Facade of the Future Pan-Pacific Union Building. PAN-PACIFIC QUESTIONS ANSWERED Launching the local work in anticipation of the Pan-Pacific Congress, Ho- nolulu business and professional men gathered at the Pan-Pacific Gardens in Honolulu recently and enthusiastically indorsed the preliminary plans of the committee. Speakers representing every race and nationality of the Pacific resident in Honolulu participated, and the toastmaster was His Excellency the Governor of Hawaii, Hon. Charles J. McCarthy. Below are given some of the interesting facts printed on the menu, those of merely local application having been eliminated. THE PAN-PACIFIC CONGRESS 1920-1921 WHAT IS THE PAN-PACIFIC UNION? An organization chartered under the laws of Hawaii to unite the races and countries in and about the Pacific in closer bonds of fellowship ; to promote knowledge of their resources and opportunities ; study of the Pacific and its lands ; commerce and trade ; education and every interest of the Pacific and its lands. For this purpose it maintains or will main- tain, an executive staff, publicity department, statistical department, tourist bureaus, commercial museum, library, art museum and other activities. It is at present locally controlled by a board of directors representing the chief Pacific races, but it has received official recogni- tion and will ultimately be internationally supported like the Pan-Ameri- can Union. 3()0 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN.
WHAT IS THE PAN-PACIFIC CONGRESS? A series of conferences called by and under the auspices of the Pan- Pacific Union, to meet in Honolulu beginning in November, 1920, and lasting several months. The conferences will be grouped under five general heads: 1. Governmental. 2. Commercial. 3. Cultural. (Educational, Religious, Social, etc.) 4. Scientific and Engineering. 5. Miscellaneous. Under these heads there will be conferences on various subjects. IS THIS A NEW IDEA? No. It is provided for in the first article of incorporation of the Pan- Pacific Union; has been authorized by the directors of the Union at a legally called meeting and has been in course of planning for several years. WHAT CONCRETE ASSURANCES ARE THERE THAT THE CONFER- ENCES WILL DRAW ENOUGH SUPPORT TO MAKE THEM WORTH WHILE? 1. Locally the Chamber of Commerce, the bankers, the Y. M. C. A. leaders, the educators, the meteorologists, and many other elements have promised co-operation. • 2. The legislature of Hawaii has appropriated $10,000 toward the expense of bringing the conferences here, contingent upon appropria- tions from three other countries. There is good reason to believe that these can be secured. 3. The following honorary officers of the Union and others have definitely approved the plan of the congress and will attend if possible, most of them are definitely pledged to attend: President Wilson. The President of China. The Premier of Australia. The Premier of New Zealand. The Governor-General of Java. Secretary of the Interior Lane. Secretary of Commerce Redfield. John Barrett, Director-General Pan-American Union. 4. These organizations and elements have pledged themselves to participate: San Francisco Chamber of Commerce. Several Chambers of Commerce in Japan. The banks of Australia. Sydney Chamber of Commerce. Australian tourist bureaus. The Pan-American Union. World's. Press Congress. Several Pacific Coast Chambers of Commerce. PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN. 391
Also the governments of : United States of America. China. Australia. New Zealand. Java Mexico. Peru. 5. The following organizations are pledged to make an early decision on participation: Australian Chambers of CoMmerce. Australian Tourist Bureaus (organization). International Y. M. C. A. National Reform Association. Pan-Pacific Engineering Congress (Java, 1920). Meteorologists and seismologists. Outing clubs. University of California educational congress. (NOTE :—Only organizations that have definitely pledged the action noted are mentioned. And no real intensive preliminary work has yet been done) HOW IS IT PROPOSED TO HANDLE THE CONFERENCES LOCALLY? 1. An executive committee and adequate office staff of the Pan- Pacific Union. 2. Group committees to plan for each group of conferences. 3. A special committee for each conference. JUST WHAT IS IT PROPOSED TO HAVE THE PAN-PACIFIC UNION DO TO MEET THE SITUATION? 1. Add an executive secretary of chamber of commerce and business experience together with some additions to the office staff and some new equipment. 2. Thoroughly reorganize the Union on business lines, aiming to show results of a tangible nature in its general work. 3. Organize the machinery to handle the conferences locally, the publicity work and the arrangements for the conferences. 4. Tours of the secretaries on the mainland and about the Pacific to secure definite cooperation. WHY SHOULD THE CONFERENCE BE HELD AS SOON AS POSSIBLE? 1. The preliminary seed has been sown. 2. Many important organizations and countries wish them held as soon as possible. 3. San Francisco, anxious to become the Pan-Pacific headquarters, has stepped aside, through her Chamber of Commerce secretary, and gives Honolulu the first chance. It is inconceivable that we should fall down on a golden opportunity to become the Pan-Pacific center. 392 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN.
WILL THE PAN-PACIFIC UNION BE ALWAYS FINANCED LOCALLY? No. As a result of the congress in 1920-21 it is expected that it will be given full official recognition like the Pan-American Union and receive its main support from the Pacific governments and have a monumental permanent building in Honolulu.
DO ITS ACTIVITIES CONFLICT WITH THOSE OF THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, THE HAWAII TOURIST BUREAU, ETC.? Absolutely no. Unfortunately some past incidents have led to misunder- standings. Its field is international, except as the international vitally affects some local situation. Its present and future policy is cooperation, but no interference in local activities except with common consent in view of which it expects cooperation and recognition in the international field.
IS THE THING WORTH WHILE? 1. The success of the Pan-Pacific Union means that Honolulu will be the official capital of the Pacific as Washington is of Pan-America. 2. The success of the congress, even to a third of the plan means an educational uplift such as Honolulu has never known, material gain in delegates, tourists, etc. 3. The question really answers itself.
(1Mlw, PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN. 393 PAN-PACIFIC NEWS
Observance of Balboa Day, Septem- friendship will be given careful consid- ber 17, according to indications at the eration." Balboa Day time this bulletin goes to Mr. T. C. Brough, Assistant Munici- Observance press, should exceed in pal Inspector of Schools, Vancouver, B. Widespread number and interest those C., has this to say : • of any preceding year. "I beg to acknowledge receipt of your The Pan-Pacific Union sent a letter to letter of the 4th inst., and to thank you leading educators a n d to schools for the information contained therein. throughout the Pan-Pacific area, and to I may assure you that the matter you some extent in other parts of the world, refer to will receive our sympathetic calling attention to the day and its sig- consideration." nificance, and asking for an observance From the great city of Chicago, Peter with particular attention to Pan-Pacific A. Mortensen,Superintendent of Schools, problems. Letters have poured into the pledges observance of Balboa Day in Union in reply, and practically every the following words : one contains acquiescence in the plan. "Replying to your letter of June 4, I Here are some samples. beg to say that the schools will under- Mrs. Susan M. Dorsey, Assistant Su- take to make a brief reference in com- perintendent of Los Angeles City memoration of Balboa 'or Pan-Pacific Schools, writes : Day on September 17."
"It will give us pleasure to call atten- Of prime importance among the Pan- tion in our schools to Balboa Day on Pacific problems is that presented by September 17, 1919. This occasion af- the combined fields of meteo- Volcano fords a fruitful subject for discussion rology, volcanology and seis- Experts in history and English classics and will mology. As many of the Pa- to Meet furnish a worthy theme for written cific lands are volcanic in ori- composition. I shall suggest as a fur- gin or present active volcanic phenom- ther means for emphasizing the signifi- ena, and as these features have an im- cant events noted on Balboa Day that portant modifying effect on the life, addresses be given in the assemblies of commerce and agriculture of Pacific our high and intermediate schools." peoples, increased knowledge in these From California the State Superin- branches of science is of the utmost in- tendent of Public Instruction, Mr. Will terest to Pan-Pacific peoples. One of C. Wood, makes this pledge : the most important of the conferences "I wish to acknowledge receipt of of the Pan-Pacific Congress to be held your letter of June 4th in reference to in Honolulu in 1920-21 will be that of Balboa Day. In reply I wish to say scientists in these lines of endeavor. The that I am in hearty sympathy with the following extract from a letter from C. purpose of your association in promot- F. Marvin, Chief of Weather Bureau, ing friendships among nations of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, at Pacific. I can assure you that your sug- Washington, is of particular interest : gestion that September 17 be set aside "Your letter of June 12, relative to for talks on the need for permanent the Pan-Pacific Congress proposed to be
394 PAN-PACIFIC UN ION BULLETIN. held in Honolulu in 1920-21, is re- mercial automobiles. The incident was ceived. We are earnestly interested in a strong illustration of the dependence the great problems.presented by the me- of the world upon the automobile, for a teorology and volcanology of the Pacific dozen years ago there would have been Ocean, as well as allied questions, and little inconvenience to the Islands from shall be very glad to develop these lines a shortage of gasoline. of work as fully as possible." Premier Massey of New Zealand and Of interest to Pacific lands is the de- Sir Joseph Ward, Minister of Finance cision of the United States of America from that Dominion, to divide its naval forces Premiers America were visitors in Hono- and station one-half of its Indorse Creates lulu for a few hours on strength in the Pacific Union's Work New Pacific July 23d and 24th. They under the name of the Fleet were passengers on the R. M. S. Niag- Pacific Fleet. By the time ara, on the way home from the Peace this bulletin is in the hands of its read- Conference at Paris. While in Hono- ers, the Pacific Fleet will have taken its lulu, both premier and minister ex- position in the waters of the great ocean pressed their hearty cooperation in the and a large section will have made a work of the Pan-Pacific Union, and visit to Hawaii, where the opening of promised to see that delegates repre- the world's greatest dry-dock at Pearl senting the Dominion are sent to the Harbor Naval Station was celebrated in Pan-Pacific Congress. September. Assurances have been given by the United States government that Residents and former residents of the fleet comes to the Pacific on a mis- New Zealand visiting or living in Ho- sion of peace, and that its activities nolulu have prepared a New Zealand- there in cooperation with those of the petition to the govern- ers Show fleets of other Pacific lands will be di- ment of the Dominion Interest rected toward a preservation of perma- setting forth their in- nent peace in the world. terest in the Pan-Pacific Union and ask- Of particular significance to the ing that the government cooperate in its commercial interests of the Pacific will work and that official delegates be sent be the opening of the mammoth dry- to the great ccongress in 1920-21. dock in Hawaii, which it is presumed will be available at least in emergency Cooperation with the Pan-Pacific for commercial vessels. Union in the celebration of Balboa or Pan-Pacific Day, Septem- Oakland, That the shortage of shipping brought ber 17, was offered in gen- California, about by the activities of. German sub- erous measure by the Oak- to Celebrate marines has not ceased to be land, California, Chamber Hawaii's felt, despite the great pro- of Commerce. The chamber's letter re- Gasoline gram of ship construction garding this matter reads in part as fol- Famine now under way is indicated lows : by the fact that in July and August the "We will hold on this day either a Hawaiian Islands suffered extreme gas- luncheon or some similar gathering and oline famine, which practically para- entertain at this meeting speakers who lyzed the activities of pleasure vehicles will be able to present Pacific Ports to and seriously curtailed the use of com- those present in their true light." PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLET IN 395 Some Basic Facts
The Pan-Pacific Union is a trustee- the clubs and organizations of every ship of twenty-one members appointed race in Hawaii that have endorsed the by Pacific governments. Only nations cooperative efforts of the Pan-Pacific may become members. It is a holding Union. Its headquarters is the Pan- corporation to mannage the affairs of Pacific Clubhouse in Honolulu, and the and further the aims of the Union.. dues are $5.00 a year, including sub- The chief aims of the Pan-Pacific scription to the official organ of the Union are to bring about a better under- movement, the Mid-Pacific Magazine. standing among the peoples of the Pa- Some of the advantages of member- cific and their cooperation as a whole ship in the Hands-Around-the-Pacific in all forward efforts. Club are : The Pan-Pacific Association has a 1. Courses of illustrated lectures on membership open to everyone who be- Pacific lands. lieves in the aims of the Pan-Pacific 2. The use of the clubhouse, its li- Union and wishes to forward them. The brary and the magazines on file from dues are $2.50 a year in any part of the Pacific lands. world, and this includes subscription to 3. The privilege of attending without the Mid-Pacific Magazine, the official further dues the luncheons of the— organ of the Pan-Pacific Union. The Hands-Around-the-Pacific Clubs Foreign Trade Club. are local organizations, self-governed, The Architects, Engineers and Artists' but affiliated with the work of the Pan- Club. Pacific Union. The lunches of the different states In Honolulu the Hands-Around-the- clubs. Pacific Club is open to membership of The luncheons and meetings of the all men of all races in Hawaii. Its di- Australian, Canadian and other clubs of rectors are the delegates appointed by the sons of Pacific lands. PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN.
Officers of the Pan-Pacific Union
HONORARY PRESIDENTS Woodrow Wilson President of the United States William N. Hughes Prime Minister of Australia W. S. Massey Prime Minister of New Zealand Cha Chi Chong President of China
HONORARY VICE-PRESIDENTS Franklin K. Lane Secretary of the Interior, U. S. A. John Barrett Director-General Pan-American Union Prince J. K. Kalanianaole Delegate to Congress from Hawaii The Governor General of Java. The Governor-General of the Philippines. The Premiers of Australian States.
DIRECTORS President Hon. C. J. McCarthy, Governor of Hawaii Vice-President Hon. Walter F. Frear Vice-President William R. Castle Vice-President F. C. Atherton Vice-President Chung K. Ai Treasurer F. E. Blake Secretary A. Hume Ford F. E. Baldwin Richard A. Cooke John C. Lane J. A. Balch G. P. Denison Dr. Iga Mori Geo. A. Brown N. C. Dizon , Dr. S. Rhee Major J. M. Camara John Guild G. N. Wilccox M. L. Copeland Advertising Section
The Pacific Mail Steamship Co.
The S.S. "Colombia" en route.
The Pacific Mail Steamship Company Some of the features for the safety and has not only resumed its service between pleasure of passengers on these Pacific San Francisco via Honolulu to Japan, Ocean greyhounds are : wireless telegra- China and the Philippines, but it is carry- phy and daily newspapers, watertight ing the American flag by its direct steam- bulkheads, double bottoms, bilge keels, ers to India and to the Latin American oil burners (no smoke or dirt), single Coast as far South as Panama, with con- rooms and rooms with two beds, two nections beyond, all along the Pacific washstands in each room, as well as large South American coast and with Europe. clothes' lockers, electric fans and electric The Pacific Mail Steamship Company reading lights for each bed, spacious operates indeed the one "American Round decks, swimming tank, Filipino band, ve- the Pacific Line" of comfortable and mod- randa cafe, beautiful dining saloons, ern steamers. large and small tables, and every comfort The vessels of the Pacific Mail Steam- of modern ocean travel with the best ship Company are all splendid passenger cuisine on the Pacific. ships of 14,000 tons American registry. The general offices of the Pacific Mail The new sister ships, "Colombia," "Ecua- Steamship Company are at 508 Califor- dor," and "Venezuela" constitute the nia. Street, San Francisco, California, service to Honolulu, Yokohama, Kobe, with branch offices at Honolulu, Hong- Shanghai, Manila and Hongkong. kong, Yokohama, Kobe, Shanghai and The "Colusa" and the "Santa Cruz" are Manila while agencies and sub-agencies the pioneers in the service to Singapore, exist in almost every Pacific port, in all Calcutta and Colombo via Manila. of the large cities of America and the A fleet of steamers maintains the service rest of the world. between San Francisco, Mexico, Central George J. Baldwin, President of the American ports and Panama. Pacific Mail Steamship Company is lo- For the Tourists or Shipper to almost cated at 120 Broadway, New York City, any part of the Pacific, the new American N. Y. ; Daulton Mann, Assistant Gen- vessels of the rejuvenated Pacific Mail eral Manager ; W. A. Young, Jr., Steamship Company offer inducements General Passenger Agent, at 508 Califor- that are not being overlooked. nia Street, San Francisco, California. 2 THE MID-PACIFIC
Toyo Kisen Kaisha is the largest Trans-Pacific Service to South America. steamship company operating between . In connection with the trans-Pacific San Francisco, Japan and the Orient. It service to North America, Toyo Kisen maintains fast and frequent service across Kaisha also operates a line of steamers the Pacific, following the "Pathway of from Hongkong to Valparaiso (South the Sun" along the semi-tropic route, America), via Moji, Kobe, Yokohama, touching Honolulu. This is one of the Honolulu, San Francisco, San Pedro most delightful 'ocean voyages in the (Los Angeles), Salina Cruz, Balboa world, as it carries the passenger over (Ancon), Callao, Arica and Iquique. smoothest seas and, by touching at This is the longest regular service in op- Honolulu, affords a pleasant break in eration by any Japanese steamship line the journey. The steamers of this line touching American ports. are of the most advanced types, having The steamers on this line are in been built especially for this service. through round trip service between, China The present fleet of the North Ameri- and Japan ports and Southern Chile via can line consists of the following : Shinyo San Francisco and west coast ports of Maru, triple turbine, 22,000 tons ; Tenyo North and South America. Steamers Maru, triple turbine, 22,000 tons ; Siberia call at San Pedro on their outward and Maru, 20,000 tons, twin screw ; Korea homeward voyages to the Orient. These Maru, twin screw, 20,000. tons ; Nippon steamers are all new and of the latest Maru, 11,000 tons, and Persia Maru, type with saloon accommodations. In 9,000 tons. this fleet are the Anyo Maru, 18,500 tons ; Kiyo Maru, 17,000 tons, and the The Tenyo and Shinyo Maru are sister Seiyo Maru, 14,000 tons. ships of 22,000 tons displacement.. They The passenger accommodations are are driven by triple screw turbine en- amidships, all rooms being located on the gines which account for an utter absence upper and bridge decks, thus affording of vibration for a speed of 21 knots per plenty of light and ventilation. There hour. These ships are as finely equipped are numerous baths and lavatories which in every detail as the best first-class ho- afford ample accommodations for all tels on shore, and leave nothing to be de- passengers. sired in service or table. The total length ' The Head Office of the Toyo Kisen of the deck area measures almost a mile, Kaisha is in Tokyo. giving ample opportunity for exercise The Honolulu office is in the Alex- and promenade. ander Young Building. The office for In addition to these giant lihers a num- America is in San Francisco, Cal., at 625 ber of cargo steamers are operated to Market street ; New York office, 165 take care of the freight business. Broadway. THE MID-PACIFIC 3
The Foreign Trade Club of San Francisco W. H. Hague, Secretary, (Monadnock Building, San Francisco.)
•■■•■■•■•■•••■■■■•■•■•■•••••■•■N••••■•■••■■■■•■■■■■■•■••■••■•••••••■M• The Foreign his office being in the Merchants Ex- Trade Club of change Building (Phone Sutter 4-459). S a n Francisco This concern reserves space on Pacific meets every vessels for its customers at lowest rates, is efficient, and handles all details in con- Wednesday ev- nection with applications for Govern- ening in the lec- ment Export licenses. Other offices at ture hall of the 327 La Salle Street, Chicago ; 17 Battery Merchants Ex- Place, New York ; L. C. Smith Bldg., change Building, Seattle. Across-the-seas correspondents to listen to some invited to write San Francisco office. disting uished Banking and foreign trade go hand-in- over-seas speak- hand. San Francisco boasts of some of er, and to study the most interesting and historic banks the ethics of for- in America. The Wells-Fargo National eign export. Vis- Bank is perhaps the best known of these. itors t o San It was founded in 1852, a pioneer of the Orient Building Francisco are in- gold days, with a present capital and sur- vited to the lec- plus of $11,000,000 and assets of $75,- tures. 000,000. It has been foremost in building Thomas W. Simmons & Co., with head up the financial and business prestige of offices on the ground floor at 240 Cali- San Francisco, and has spread facilities fornia Street, is represented in the For- for trade across the Pacific. Deposits of eign Trade Club by its vice-president, visitors and correspondence are invited, F. S. Douglas. This very important firm exchange is issued, collections and pay- of International Merchants has branch ments effected, and safe deposit boxes houses in New York, Seattle, and Hong- provided. kong. Specializing as it does in Oriental The home office of the Sperry Flour products, it has its own representatives Company is in the Orient Building, 332 in every large city from Yokohama, Pine Street, San Francisco, the head- quarters of Pan-Pacific trade. A Sperry Japan, to Sourabaya, Java, and Bambok product, whether it be flour or cereal, in Burmah. All codes used ; cable ad- will earn appreciation around the Paci- dress, "Simmons, San Francisco." fic, because everything that men, method, Mr. B. C. Dailey of the Foreign Trade and modern machinery can do to make it Club, is the representative in San Fran- worthy of favor has been done before cisco of the Overseas.Shipping Company, it appears on the grocer's shelves. 4 THE MID-PACIFIC Honolulu from the Trolley Car
The Trolley Car at the Judiciary Building and Statue of Kamehameha "the Great." In this beautiful tropical metropolis is Great ; grass houses, and numerous other found a most modern electric street rail- things impossible to see elsewhere. way system. FORT SHAFTER—with its parade Its standard of operation, cleanliness grounds, thousands of soldiers and grand of cars, and courteous conduct of em- view of the surrounding territory. ployees are unequaled. MOANALUA PARK—The estate of By its well defined system of trackage the Hon. S. M. Damon. This is a treat. and free transfers, one is enabled to Japanese tea gardens ; rare plant life im- reach any part of Honolulu and its ported from all parts of the world ; pub- suburbs. Of the many places of interest lic golf links ; fish hatcheries ; polo to be seen by the tourist and resident grounds, and picturesque lily ponds. alike, the following are a few of the NUUANU VALLEY—F am o us the more important : world over for its beautiful homes, KAPIOLANI PARK—with its beau- Country Club, golf links and historic tiful tropical foliage, well kept grounds, hills. zoo, lagoons, monuments, cocoanut PUNAHOU ACADEMY—The oldest groves and picnic grounds. institution of its kind west of the Rocky THE AQUARIUM—with one of the Mountains. The missionary school of most marvelous collections of fish to be early days, now Honolulu's most mod- seen anywhere. To see the fish in this ern seat of learning. Aquarium is to believe that they are MANOA VALLEY—With its won- really "hand painted." It is only sur- derful rainbows, liquid sunshine, grand passed by the Aquarium at Naples. waterfalls, and picturesque homes. THE FREE BATHS—where the KAIMUKI—A thriving suburb ; a traveler may take a dip in the warm, in- city of homes ! Grand view of Koko vigorating waters, and repose on the Head, and the extinct volcano of Dia- world famous "Beach at Waikiki." mond Head, the "Gibraltar of the Pa- BISHOP MUSEUM—a most inter- cific." esting place with its wonderful Poly- MOUNT TANTALUS—With its nesian collection ; models of bird and fish shady trails and grand view of the city life ; costly relics of Kamehameha the of Honolulu and surrounding country. THE MID-PACIFIC
ONOt 11 LI A SCHOOL
PRfPARCD AND C PYtsrr WlLi.l5 I POPE
MAUI rec in eStaute S140 rles 7 3 Length 4811tlek Breadth 30 I Highest Lievnt, on too3 F Largest Extinct Crezlerin th Population over 445.Poo D14tonce from Honolulu 7 Eleven Sugar Platttntin. Sugor Crop for )90`t `I 0
/1101■0=MMINwa■
Map by courtesy of Alexander & Baldwin, Ltd.
The firm of Alexander & Baldwin, Ltd., ance Co., The Home Insurance Co. of (known by everyone as "A. & B."), is New York, The New Zealand Insurance looked upon as one of the most progres- Co., General A. F. & L. Assurance Cor- sive American corporations in Hawaii. poration, Switzerland Marine Insurance Alexander & Baldwin, Ltd., are agents Co., Ltd. for the largest sugar plantation of the The officers of this large and progres- Hawaiian Islands and second largest in sive firm, all of whom are staunch sup- the world, namely, the Hawaiian Com- porters of the Pan-Pacific and other mercial & Sugar Company at Puunene, movements which are for the good of Ha- Maui. They are also agents for many waii, are as follows : other plantations and concerns of the Islands, among which are the Haiku W. M. Alexander, President; H. A. Sugar Company, Paia Plantation, Maui Baldwin, First Vice-President; J. Water- Agricultural Company, Hawaiian Sugar house, Second Vice-President and Man- Company, McBryde Sugar Company ager; W. 0. Smith, Third Vice Pres- Ltd., Kahului Railroad Company, Kauai ident; John Guild, Secretary; C. R. Hem- Railroad Company, Ltd., and Honolua enway, Treasurer; F. F. Baldwin, Direc- Ranch. tor; C. H. Atherton, Director; W. R. This firm ships a larger proportion of Castle, Director. the total sugar crop of the Hawaiian Besides the home office in the Stangen- Islands than any other agency. wald. Building, Honolulu, Alexander & In addition to their extensive sugar Baldwin, Ltd., maintain extensive offices plantations, they are also agents for the in Seattle, in the Melhorn Building; in following well-known and strong insur- New York at 82 Wall Street, and in the ance companies : Springfield Fire & Ma- Alaska Commercial Building, San Fran- rine Ins. Co., American Central Insur- cisco. 6 THE MID-PACIFIC
■■•••••••••■•••■■■■•••■•■••■•MI. The Island of Kauai
TO SAN FRANCISCO AND JAPAN. The Matson Navigation Company, maintaining the premier ferry service between Honolulu and San Francisco, and the Toyo Kisen Kaisha, main- taining palatial ocean greyhound service between San Francisco and the Far East via Honolulu, have their Hawaiian agen- cies with Castle & Cooke, Ltd. This, one of the oldest firms in Hono- lulu, occupies a spacious building at the corner of Fort and Merchants streets, Honolulu. The ground floor is used as local passenger and freight offices of the Matson Navigation Company. The ad- joining offices are used by the firm for their business as sugar factors and in- surance agents ; Phone 1251. Castle & Cooke, Ltd., act as agents for many of the plantations throughout Ha- waii, and here may be secured much varied information. Here also the tour- ist may secure in the folder racks, book- lets and pamphlets descriptive of almost Maps by courtesy of Castle & Cooke, Ltd. every part of the great ocean.
hiON'OLULU NORMAL SCHOOL SCRIP Of !lilt 5 a 3
NT h
IafvSa S+}tifkterl ,fOtt' Tw.ey.r.de fritz vat:on 5.R.So Poet PRO PID Dhiar. ftwo fiOnof Vi1.1 98 Popolof fon ovor Kipvo Potpla WI &1010n laqe Sugar Plontolfoos LL.1',-T. PO. Su er Crop /0,907. 7408i foos THE MID-PACIFIC 7
FERTILIZING THE SOIL. Millions of dollars are spent in Hawaii fertilizing the cane and pineapple fields. The Pacific Guano and Fertilizer Com- pany, with large works and warehouses in Honolulu; imports from every part of the Globe the many ship loads of ammonia, nitrates, potash, sulphur and guano that go to make the special fertilizers needed for the varied soils and conditions of the is- lands. Its chemists test the soils and then give the recipe for the particular blend of fertilizer that is needed. This great industry is one of the results of successful sugar planting in Hawaii, and without fertilizing, sugar growing in the Hawaiian Islands could not be successful. This company began operations in Mid- way Islands years ago, finally exhausting its guano beds, but securing others. ti THE MID-PACIFIC
Exterior
Interior. The Home Building in Honolulu of the American Factors, Ltd. Plantation Agents and Wholesale Merchants THE MID-PACIFIC 9
Electric Lighting in Honolulu
The general offices on King Street.
THE HAWAIIAN ELECTRIC COMPANY, LTD.
N HONOLULU electricity costs and fifty horse power to the Federal eight cents per kilowatt, for the Wireless Station, fifteen miles distant, I first two kilowatts per month, per besides current for lighting all private lamp, and six cents thereafter. From residences in Honolulu, as well as for the Hawaiian Electric Company plant, operating its own extensive ice plant. power is furnished to the pineapple can- A line has also been built to furnish neries (the largest canneries in the light and power to the great army post world) to the extent of seven hundred of Schofield Barracks, twenty miles dis- horse power, with another two hundred tant from Honolulu.
The power house and ice plant. 10 THE MID r PACIFIC
■•••■••■••••■••••■••••••■•■••••■•••■•••••■•■■••••■••••■•■•■•N■N The Trust Company in Hawaii
In Hawaii the functions of a Trust with foreign markets and world condi- Company embrace a business of a very tions. . wide scope. The Waterhouse Trust It has been slower to arrive in Hawaii, Company has made a specialty of real perhaps, than elsewhere in the United estate and has developed some of the States, but, it is a noticeable fact that the most pr6minent sections of Honolulu, day of the individual as Executor and many of which it still manages, .so that Trustee is fast waning, and thinking the Tourist finds it of great assistance, men, men of brains and ability, are nam- when arriving in Honolulu, to get in ing Trust Companies in their wills to touch with its real estate department, handle their estates. This is due to the where he will receive expert, prompt and perpetual character of a Trust Company, courteous advice and service. its experience in every line of business, Another prominent qualification of this and the practical assurance that the company is its stock and bond depart- estate will not be wasted or dissipated. ment. It is not only particularly qualified The Waterhouse Trust Company handles to advise its clients as to local securities, some of the largest estates in the Terri- but, by means of correspondents in the tory and it particularly qualifies for these prindipal mainland cities is in close touch duties.
nit MUMS' I:11ff ,I;a1P1.
The Trent Trust Company, though a to handle the work of Manager of Es- comparatively young organization, is tates, Executor, Fiduciary Agent, and one of the most popular financial in- Agent for Non-Residents. It has the stitutions in the Islands. Organized in following departments : Trusts, Invest- 1907, it has already doubled its capi- ments, Real Estate, Rents, Insurance, talization to $100,000. According to and Safe Deposit. the last statement its capital undivided The Trent Trust's offices are located surplus amounted to $188,788.51, and on the ground floor of 921 Fort Street, its gross assets to $538,067.55. the principal business thoroughfare of The company is efficiently organized Honolulu. THE MID-PACIFIC 11
The Catton, Neill Building, Honolulu. Also the home of the General Electric• Company in Hawaii.
Honolulu is known around the world Half a century is an age in the life of Honolulu. The first frame building is for the manufacture of sugar mill ma- not one hundred years old, and the first chinery. Much of this is made by Cat- hardware store, that of E. 0. Hall & ton, Neill & Co., Ltd., Engineers, who Son, Ltd., was not founded until the build and erect sugar mill machinery. The year 185o, but since then, on the com- works are on South street, Honolulu, manding corner of Fort and King streets, while the offices and salesrooms are lo- it has remained the premier hardware cated in a new concrete building on Ala- concern in Hawaii. The entire three- kea and Queen streets, erected recently story building is taken up with extensive for this purpose. Here are seen the dis- displays of every kind of hardware. One plays of the General Electric Co., of which floor, however, is given over to crockery Catton, Neill & Co., Ltd., are Hawaiian and kitchen utensils, while in the base- agents, as well as for the leading gas en- ment even a ship might be fitted out with gines, water wheels, steam plows, pumps, its hardware, cordage, and roping needs. condensers and tools manufactured in the This company is also agent for the Sher- United States. This is one of the oldest win-Williams house paints and represents engineering firms in Hawaii. many mainland hardware firms.
E. 0. Hall & Son Building, Fort and King Streets. 12 THE MID-PACIFIC
HOME FERTILIZING. their fertilizers are made up at the works of the Hawaiian Fertilizer Company. The The Hawaiian Fertilizer Company chemists analyze the soil and suggest the stores its fertilizers in the largest con- formulas. For the small planter this crete warehouse west of the Rockies. The company makes special fertilizers, and works of this company cover several acres the gardens of Honolulu are kept beauti- near Honolulu. The ingredients are pur- ful by the use of a special lawn fertilizer made by this company. Fertilizing alone chased in shipload lots, and the formulas has made Hawaii the garden of the Pa- adopted for the different plantations for cific. THE WORLD'S FIRST TE LEPHONE EXCHANGE The Mutual Telephone Company .of So rapid was the increase of subscribers Honolulu is the outgrowth of the first after the Automatic installation that it house to house telephone system in the became necessary to build and equip two world, installed in Honolulu in the late new exchanges, one in Kaimuki and the seventies. This company has lately led other at Kalihi. Moreover the wireless the world in telephone improvements, service to the other islands being under was the first to install a commercial control of the Mutual Telephone Com- wireless system of telegraphy (between pany, as well as the telephone systems the Hawaiian Islands), and is preparing of the islands of Maui and Hawaii, it has to link up its exchanges on the different become possible to send and receive mes- islands of the group by wireless tele- sages between the islands by phone, and phony, as soon as this mode of communi- even cable messages are usually sent out cation is perfected. over the phone before the official mes- The present Mutual Telephone Com- sage is delivered. pany was incorporated in 1883 and used Australia sent a commission to the old manual switchboard until 1909, Hawaii to study and report on the Hon- when it was reorganized and the Auto- olulu Automatic exchange, and has since matic telephone system installed, which adopted the Automatic. At present the has proved the most satisfactory of any Inter-Island Wireless system is under ii the world, making it possible in cos- lease to the Federal Government, but the Mutual Telephone Company is going nopolitan Honolulu for the many men of ahead with its improvements of service many Pacific races to call each other on each of the three larger islands: w thout having to strive with "Central." Oahu, Maui and Hawaii. THE MID-PACIFIC 13 Banking in Honolulu
The First National Bank of Hawaii at the corner of Fort and King streets, Hono- lulu. This bank is the de- pository in Hawaii of the United States Government.
The Bank of Honolulu, Ltd., located on Fort street, is an old established financial institution. It draws on the principal parts of the world, issues cable transfers, and transacts a general bankiing business.
THE BANK OF BISHOP & CO., THE YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK, LTD., popularly known as the "Bank of a branch of the famous Japanese institu- Superior Service", and the largest bank tion, with a subscription capital of $24,- 000,000 and a paid-up capital of $15,000,- in the Islands, was organized in 1858 000, occupies its magnificent new build- and until its incorporation in 1919, was ing at the corner of Merchant and Bethel known as The Banking House of streets,• opposite the postoffice and Bishop & Co. It is the most up-to-date Bishop & Co. It has a Paid up Cap- fireproof building in Hawaii, the interior ital of One Million Dollars and a Sur- being finished in bronze marble. plus Fund of $250,000.00. The Guardian Trust Company, Ltd., The operations of the Bank began is the most recently incorporated Trust Company in Honolulu. Its stockholders with the encouragement of the whal- are closely identified with the largest ing business, at that time one of the business interests in the Territory. Its leading industries of the Islands, and directors and officers are men of ability, has ever been a power for Commercial integrity and high standing in the com- and Industrial Progress. munity. The Company was incorporated in June of 1911 with a capital of $roo,000 The institution has correspondents in fully paid. Its rapid growth necessitated all the principal cities of the world, and doubling this capital. On June 3o, 1917, through its connections can handle any the capital of the Company was $200,000; foreign or domestic business entrusted surplus $1o,000, and undivided profits to it. $53,306.75. It conducts a trust company business in all its various lines with Visitors are expected to use the offices in the Stangenwald Building, Mer- Bank Service in any way suited to chant Street, adjoining the Bank of Ha- their needs. waii. 14 THE MID-P \c'l 1'1 t'
THE BUILDERS OF HONOLULU. hama Specie Bank Building, Honolulu, Honolulu still relies for building ma- are engineers and constructors of build- terial on the mainland. For many years ings of every kind, from the smallest pri- the firm of Lewers & Cooke maintained vate residences to the large and imposing its own line of clipper schooners that business blocks. Being made up of some brought down lumber from Puget Sound of the most prominent men in the Islands with which to "build Hawaii." Today it is not surprising that it secures some the firm occupies its own spacious block of the large and important contracts. on King Street, where every necessity The Y. M. C. A. building in Honolulu needed for building the home is supplied. was the work of this firm. In fact, often it is this firm that guaran- tees the contractor, and also assures the The Oahu Ice and Electric Company owner that his house will be well built and supplies the Army in Honolulu at a completed on time. Things are done on cheaper price than the United States Gov- a large scale in Hawaii ; so it is that one ernment can buy ice in Alaska. The firm undertakes to supply material from works and cold storage rooms are in the breaking of ground until the last coat the Kakaako district, but a phone mes- of paint is put on the completed building. sage to 1128 will answer every purpose. A spacious and splendidly equipped hard- as the company has its auto delivery ware department is one of the features trucks. of Lewers & Cooke's establishment. The Von Hamm-Young Co., Importers, Old Kona Coffee is considered by con- Machinery Merchants, and leading auto- noisseurs to have a delicious flavor all mobile dealers, have their offices and store its own, and is the real Hawaiian coffee. in the Alexander Young Building, at the The best of the annual crop is secured corner of King and Bishop streets, and and aged by the McChesney Coffee Corn- their magnificent automobile salesroom pany on Merchant Street, Honolulu, and garage just in the rear, facing on phone 2717. Mail orders of pound to Alakea Street. Here one may find almost anything. Phone No. 4901. five-pound sealed cans are packed with The Pacific Engineering Company, the aged Kona Coffee and sent to friends Ltd., with spacious quarters in the Yoko- or customers on the mainland. THE MID-PACIFIC
ASIA The American Magazine on the Orient
knowledge—a knowledge born out of sympathetic and vital interest in the life and development of other races. Amer- ica must understand the Orient if a League of Nations or any kindred plan of international co-operation is to suc- ceed. America must know the Orient if the present period of material progress our country is now entering—the period of great foreign commerce and shipping —is to shine as brilliantly as the years of magnificent internal development we have seen. ASIA brings monthly into your home or office the Orient's contributions to art, and industry, commerce and wealth, re- ligion and thought, and the part it is to play in the progress of civilization and world peace. ASIA is not on general sale. The best way to receive it is through membership ASIA discusses the most immediate and in the American Asiatic Association. far-reaching Eastern policies. Its articles Singly ASIA sells for 35 cents. Through inform as well as delight you. membership you receive ASIA for one The Ancient East with its philosophy, year and save $1.20. religion, art and commerce is coming into Sign and return the application form its own again. at once for the special offer. Let your family grow up with ASIA which unfolds to them the snow-capped Himalayas, the long sweep of the Yang- : Secretary, American Asiatic Assn. : tse and the wide steppes of Siberia. 627 Lexington Ave., New York. : Asia gives you a better understanding I desire to become an Associate : of world events and world problems. : Member of the American Asiatic : Germany's dream of Asiatic domination : Association. I send $3.00 for one : is over. : years dues, and of this amount $2.75 : Now America awakens to its new posi- : will be used for payment on a year's : tion as a great world power—requiring : subscription for the magazine, ASIA. : all the genius of its people to understand : Send FREE, carefully wrapped the : and solve the difficulties of international : invaluable map of Asia, 34 x 38 : politics and world organizations, as well : inches, showing economic resources : as to accept the vast possibilities now : Name presented for material achievement thru : Address foreign commerce. : Business or Profession The basis of such understanding is :
16 THE MID-PACIFIC Round About Honolulu 1 Chambers Drug Store, Fort and King The Thompson Optical Institute is Streets, is the actual center of life and just what its name implies, and occupy- activity in Honolulu. Here at the inter- ing a location on Hotel Street opposite section of the tram lines, the shoppers, Bishop Park and the Young Hotel, it business men, and tourists await their is convenient to all. Here the eye is cars, chatting at the open soda fountain, tested and here all kinds of lenses are that is the feature of the Chambers Drug ground and repaired, for the Thompson Store. Here the tourist or stranger is Optical Institute is the most complete advised as to the sights of the city, and place of its kind in Hawaii. The glasses supplied with any perfumes, candies or of visitors are quickly repaired, and those drugs he may need during his stay. Cham- of residents kept in order. bers' Drug Store is one of the institutions Honolulu is so healthy that people of Honolulu. Phone No. 1291. don't usually die there, but when they do they phone in advance to Henry H. Wil- The largest of the very fashionable liams, 1374 Nuuanu St., phone number shops in the Alexander Young Building, 1408, and he arranges the after details. occupying the very central portion, is that If you are a tourist and wish to be inter- of the Hawaiian News Company. Here red in your own plot on the mainland, the ultra-fashionable stationery of the latest design is kept in stock. Every Williams will embalm you ; or he will ar- kind of paper, wholesale or retail, is sup- range all details for interment in Hono- plied, as well as printers' and binders' lulu. Don't leave the Paradise of the Pacific for any other, but if you must, let supplies. There are musical instruments of every kind in stock, even to organs and your friends talk it over with Williams. pianos, and the Angelus Player Piano, Whatever you do, do not fail to visit and this concern is constantly adding new the wonderful Oahu Fish Market on King features and new stock. The business street. Early morning is the best time man will find his every need in the office for this, when all the multi-colored fish supplied by the Hawaiian News Company of Hawaiian waters are presented to view merely on a call over the phone, and this and every nationality on the islands is on is true also of the fashionable society parade inspecting. Mr. Y. Anin is the leader, whether her needs are for a bridge leading spirit and founder of the Oahu party, a dance, or just plain stationery. Fish Market, which is a Chinese institu- The exhibit rooms of the Hawaiian News tion of which the city is proud. Company are interesting A monument to the pluck and energy of Mr. C. K. Ai and his associates is the Love's Bakery at 1134 Nuuanu Street, City Mill Company, of which he is Phone 1431, is the bakery of Honolulu. treasurer and manager. This plant at Its auto wagons deliver each morning Queen and Kekaulike streets is one of fresh from the oven, the delicious baker's Honolulu's leading enterprises, doing a bread and rolls consumed in Honolulu, flourishing lumber and mill business. while all the grocery stores carry Love's THE SWEET SHOP, on Hotel Street, op- Bakery crisp, fresh crackers and biscuits posite the Alexander Young, is the one reasonably priced tourist restaurant. that come from the oven daily. Love's Here there is a quartette of Hawaiian Bakery has the most complete and up to singers and players, and here at every date machinery and equipment in the Ter- hour may be enjoyed at very reasonable ritory. prices the delicacies of the season. THE MID-PACIFIC 17
The Honolulu Construction and Draying Company has its main offices at 65 Queen Street. This concern has recently absorbed two of the leading express and transfer companies, and has also acquired the Honolulu Lava Brick Company. It is making a success of its enterprises. Phone 4981.
Stevedoring in Honolulu is attended on several spacious floors. Phone No. to by the firm of McCabe, Hamilton and 2111. Renny Co., Ltd., 20 South Queen Street. The leading music store in Hawaii is Men of almost every Pacific race are on King and Fort Streets—the Berg- employed by this firm, and the men of each race seem fitted for some particular strom Music Company. No home is com- plete in Honolulu without an ukulele, a part of the work, so that quick and effi- piano and a Victor talking machine. The cient is the loading and unloading of Bergstrom Music Company, with its big vessels in Honolulu. store on Fort Street, will provide you With the wood that is used for building with these—a Chickering, a Weber, a in Hawaii, Allen & Robinson on Queen Kroeger for your mansion, or a tiny up- Street, Phone 2105, have for generations right Boudoir for your cottage ; and if supplied the people of Honolulu and those you are a transient it will rent you a pi- on the other islands ; also their buildings ano. The Bergstrom Music Company, and paints. Their office is on Queen phone 2331. Street, near the Inter-Island S. N. Com- The best thing on ice in Honolulu is pany Building, and their lumber yards soda water. The Consolidated Soda extend right back to the harbor front, Water Works Co., Ltd., 601 Fort Street, where every kind of hard and soft wood are the largest manufacturers of delight- grown on the coast is landed by the ful soda beverages in the Territory. schooners that ply from Puget Sound. Aerated waters cost from 35 cents a dozen The city's great furniture store, that of bottles up. The Consolidated Co. are J. Hopp & Company, occupies a large por- agents for Hires Root Beer and put up a tion of the Lewers & Cooke Block on Kola Mint aerated water that is delicious, King Street. Here the latest styles in besides a score of other flavors. Phone home and office furniture arriving con- 2171 for a case, or try a bottle at any stantly from San Francisco are displayed store. THE MID-PACIFIC Wonderful New Zealand
Native New Zealanders at Rotorua.
Scenically New Zealand is the world's throughout the Dominion for the benefit wonderland. There is no other place in of the tourist, for whom she has also the world that offers such an aggrega- built splendid roads and wonderful moun- tion of stupendous scenic wonders. The tain tracks. New Zealand is splendidly West Coast Sounds of New Zealand are served by the Government Railways, in every way more magnificent and awe- which sell the tourist for a very low inspiring than are the fjords of Norway. rate, a ticket that entitles him to travel Its chief river, the Wanganui, is a scenic on any of the railways for from one to panorama of unrivalled beauty from end two months. In the lifetime of a single to end. Its hot springs and geysers in man (Sir James Mills of Dunedin, New the Rotorua district on the North Island Zealand) a New Zealand steamship com- have no equal anywhere. In this district pany has been built up that is today the the native Maoris still keep up their fourth largest steamship company under ancient dances or haka haka, and here the British flag, and larger than any may be seen the wonderfully carved steamship company owned in America, houses of the aboriginal New Zealanders. with her ioo,000,000 population, or in There are no more beautiful lakes any- Japan with her so,000,000 population. where in the world than are the Cold New Zealand is a land of wonders, and Lakes of the South Island, nestling as may be reached from America by the they do among mountains that rise sheer Union Steamship Company boats from ten thousand feet. Among these moun- Vancouver, San Francisco or Honolulu. tains are some of the largest and most The Oceanic Steamship Company also scenic glaciers in the world. In these transfers passengers from Sydney. The Southern Alps is Mt. Cook, more than Government Tourist Bureau has commo- twelve thousand feet high. On its slopes dious offices in Auckland and Wellington the Government has built a hotel to which as well as the other larger cities of New there is a motor car service. Zealand. Direct information and pam- New Zealand was the first country to phlets may be secured by writing to the perfect the government tourist bureau. New Zealand Government Tourist Bu- She has built hotels •and rest houses reau, Wellington, New Zealand. THE MID-PACIFIC 19
New South Wales
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New South Wales is a veritable treas- Caves, ranking among the most marvel- ure ground for those in search of a health- lous of the world's phenomena, as well as ful holiday. ,Its varied topography is re- numberless resorts by mountain, valley, sponsible for a wealth and diversity of lake, river and ocean, are easy of access
GOVERNMENT T OURIST BUREAU Challis House, Sydney, N. S. W. scenery. Its climate is ideal. The nor- from Sydney, and possess, in addition to mal conditions throughout the year are natural charm, elaborate tourist facilities. bright blue skies and sunny days. Write for illustrated literature and Kosciusko, Australia's highest moun- tain, and the oldest known land surface tourist information to E. H. Palmer, on the globe, with its endless opportuni- Superintendent, Government Tourist ties for sport all the year round, Jenolan Bureau, Challis House, Sydney, N. S. W. 20 THE MID-PACIFIC
South Australia and Tasmania I I
SOUTH AUSTRALIA TASMANIA From San Francisco, Vancouver and Tasmania is one of the finest tourist from Honolulu there are two lines of fast resorts in the southern hemisphere, but steamships to Sydney, Australia. ten hours' run from the Australian main- From Sydney to Adelaide, South Aus- land. Between Launceston and Melbourne tralia, there is a direct railway line on the fastest turbine steamer in Australia which concession fares are granted tour- runs thrice weekly and there is a regular ists arriving from overseas, and no service from Sydney to Hobart. visitor to the Australian Common- The island is a prolific orchard country wealth can afford to neglect visit- and has some of the finest fruit growing ing the southern central state of tracts in the world. The climate is cooler Australia; for South Australia is than the rest of Australia. The lakes and rivers are nearly all the state of superb climate and unrivalled resources. Adelaide, the "Garden City stocked with imported trout, which grow of the South," is the Capital, and there is to weights not reached in other parts a Government Intelligence and Tourist of Australia. Bureau, where the tourist, investor, or The Tasmanian Government deals settler is given accurate information, directly with the tourist. Hobart, the guaranteed by the government, and free capital--one of the most beautiful cities to all. From Adelaide this Bureau con- in the world—is the headquarters of the ducts rail, river and motor excursions to Tasmanian Government Tourist Depart- almost every part of the state. Tourists ment; and the bureau will arrange for are sent or conducted through the mag- transport of the visitor to any part of nificent mountain and pastoral scenery of the island. A shilling trip to a local South Australia. The government makes resort is not too small for the Govern- travel easy by a system of coupon tickets ment Bureau to handle, neither is a tour and facilities for caring for the comfort of the whole island too big. There is a of the tourist. Excursions are arranged branch office in Launceston performing to the holiday resorts; individuals or the same functions. parties are made familiar with the in- The Tasmanian Government has an dustrial resources, and the American as up-to-date office in Melbourne, at 59 well as the Britisher is made welcome if William Street, next door to the New he cares to make South Australia his Zealand Government office, where guide- home. books, tickets, and information can be The South Australian Intelligence and procured. The address of the Sydney Tourist Bureau has its headquarters on office is 262 George Street, and Tasmania King William Street, Adelaide, and the also has its own offices in Brisbane and government has printed many illustrated Perth. books and pamphlets describing the scenic For detailed information regarding and industrial resources of the state. A Tasmania, either as to travel or settle- postal card or letter to the Intelligence ment, enquirers should write to Mr. and Tourist Bureau in Adelaide will se- E. T. Emmett, the Director of the Tas- cure the books and information you may manian Government Tourist Dept., desire. Hobart, Tasmania. THE MID-PACIFIC 21
Honolulu Japan
.,,••■•■•••■ ••■■ Na.■••■•• ■•••••••••• •• The Japan Magazine is a Rep- resentative Monthly of things Japanese. The Japan Magazine is published in English and has as contributors Jap- anese Authors, Statesmen and Scien- tists, who are authorities on the subjects with which they deal. The Magazine is distinctively Japanese in form, printed on Japanese paper, and handsomely illustrated with half-tones on art paper. The Japan Magazine main- tains a high standard of excellence, por- traying Japanese Life, Literature, Art, Industry, Politics, Commerce and Civili- zation, frankly and accurately represent- ing the nation's progress, past and pres- THE REGAL. ent. Occupying one of the most prominent One Number of The Japan Magazine corners in the shopping district of Hon- is equal educationally to a Year's Mem- olulu the Regal Shoe Store, at the corner bership in the Asiatic Society of Japan. of Fort .and Hotel Streets, is a distinct On sale at Brentano's, New York City, credit to the Ameiican progress in these A. C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, Ill., islands. The stock in this store has been Smith & McCance, Boston, Mass., Aoki carefully selected. Taiseo-Do, San Francisco, Cal., and The Hub is the reasonably priced cloth- Yorozu & Co., Sacramento, Cal., or send ing store in Honolulu, Clifford Spitzer direct to The Japan Magazine Company, is manager, and for a decade has studied Tokyo, Japan. the supplying of men in Hawaii with Subscription : 6 yen a year, post paid, suitable clothing and men's furnishings. single copies 50 sen. A new store has just been'completed for Proprietor: Editor : the Hub, at 69-71 S. Hotel St., nr. Fort. Shigenobu Hirayama. Dr. J. Ingram Bryan. 7 ) THE MID-PACIFIC
Entertainment In Honolulu I
The Island Curio the hills, on the car line. Rates from Co. on Hotel St., $50 a month up, $3.00 a day ; perfect ho- opposite the Alex. tel service. Miss M. Johnson, Manager, Young Hotel, is Phone 2876. Hawaii's oldest, The Land of the Lanai. largest and most reliable Hawaiian and South Sea Curio establish- ment. D. A. Mc- Namarra, Prop. The Liberty, the Bijou and the Empire are the three large theatres in Honolulu providing either film features or dra- matic performances. The Liberty is one of the finest theatres in the Pacific, and is well worth a visit on account of its art HALEKULANI, Hotel and Bunga- collection alone. lows, 2199 Kalia Road, "on the Beach at The Pan-Pacific Gardens, on Kuakini Waikiki." Famous hau tree lanai along street, near Nuuanu Avenue, constitute the ocean "front. Rates, from $3.00 per one of the finest Japanese Tea Gardens day to $75.00 per month and up. Clif- immaginable. Here some wonderful ford Kimball, Manager. Phone 7130. Japanese dinners are served, and visitors The Donna, 1262 to 1286 Beretania St., are welcomed to the gardens at all times. phone 2480 ; rates $47.50 a month up, Adjoining these gardens are the wonder- or $3.00 a day. This series of cottages, ful Liliuokalani gardens and the series bungalows and homes, in the heart of of waterfalls. Phone 5611. the residence district, is on the direct The Colonial, palatial house and grounds, car line to the city or the beach, its 1451 to 1473 Emma street, in the most splendid management for years has beautiful section of the city within a few made it known everywhere about the moments' walk of the business center or Pacific.
Alexander Young Hotel (under same management as Moana and Seaside Hotels). THE MID-PACIFIC
Honolulu for the Tourist
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"Jeffs" is the word most familiar to most instances, prices are the same as on every society leader in Honolulu. From the Mainland. the start "Jeffs" took its place as the The Quality Inn on Hotel Street, high class woman's outfitter in Hawaii. near Fort, is aptly named, not quite a The large spacious store at Beretania restaurant, it serves dainty lunches and and Fort streets lends itself splendidly afternoon teas as well as light breakfasts. to the displays direct, even now, from Its candies and soft drinks are the best, Paris as well as from New York. and dealing directly with Rawley's Home designs are a specialty at Dairy, its ice cream, eggs and milks are "Jeffs" It was "Jeffs" design for the pure and fresh almost hourly. For the Waikiki bathing suit that was adjudged shopper there is no more enticing cafe by the vote of the people to be the pret- in Honolulu than the Quality Inn. tiest and most suitable bathing suit for The Home of Linens, Ltd., in Hono- the tropics. lulu, formerly Whitney & Marsh, Ltd., Not only are the leaders of fashion in is in the very' center of the shopping dis- Hawaii outfitted at "Jeffs" but tourists trict on Fort street. and visitors quickly find, their way to this Here will be found the largest assort- most interesting exhibition of the latest ment of linens in the Territory, also La- fashion models of the American metrop- dies' Home Journal patterns, La Camille olis. lisle and silk hosiery, ready-to-wear and underwear, and a general line of house- The prices at "Jeffs" are in accord hold dry goods. with the after-war purse. This house has its head office at 1170 Broadway, New The oldest established Dry Goods York, and the Honolulu branch is the dis- House in Honolulu is "Sachs'," situated tributing center for the entire Pacific. on Hotel Street near Fort. For over a quarter of a century this store has held The Office Supply Company, on Fort St., an enviable reputation for high-class is the home in Hawaii of the Remington merchandise. The beautiful court dresses Typewriter Co., and of the Globe-Wer- worn at the receptions and balls in the nicke filing and book cases. Every kind days of the Hawaiian Monarchy were of office furniture is kept in stock, as made by this firm. Then, as now, Sachs' well as a complete line of office station- ary and every article that the man of was the rendezvous for ladies who de- business might need. sired the very best in Silks and Dress Fabrics, Tapestries, Draperies, Linens, If you have films, or need supplies, the Laces and Millinery. Honolulu Photo Supply Company, Ko- "The Blaisdell" is the newest and most dak Headquarters for the Territory, on up-to-date hotel in Honolulu. It is run Fort Street, develops and prints within a on the European plan, being situated in few hours, when necessary, at a special the heart of the city, (Fort Street and rate. All photo supplies, films, film packs, Chaplain Lane). It is near all the down- plates, cameras, island scenes, photo- town clubs, cafes, and restaurants. The rates are moderate — running water in graphs — everything photographic — al- every room. Public baths as well as the ways in stock. Fresh films, packed by private, have hot and cold water. Tele- the factory, in handy sealed tins for use phones in all the rooms, • elevator and in the tropics, without extra charge. In pleasant lanais. 24 THE MID-PACIFIC
Progressive Honolulu
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THE LIBERTY HOUSE THE B. F. DILLINGHAM CO., LTD., The Liberty House succeeds the firm The Insurance Department. of The B. of B. F. Ehlers & Co., which was estab- F. Dillingham Co., Ltd., represents all lished in Honolulu as far back at 1852, lines of insurance, being agents for a growing from small beginnings to be- come the largest dry goods store in Ha- number of the best and most reliable in- waii. After an honored career under surance companies in America. the old name it bore for sixty-five years, Few there are in all America who have on July 4th, 1918, the name was changed not bad friends and relatives benefited to The Liberty House, and under this through policies in the Aetna Life In- title in future will be known Hawaii's surance Company, and affiliated com- pioneer dry goods house. The Liberty House is in fact a de- panies, the Aetna Casualty and Surety partment of the American Factors Co., Co. and the Automobile Insurance Co. of Ltd. It conducts the retail dry goods Hartford, Conn. These insure you in business of this concern and being backed case of accident, ill health, liability and by one of the greatest financial pe.wers even workingmen's compensation, while in Hawaii, it can afford to carry the your automobile is totally insured against largest stock and variety of dry goods fire, theft, collision, loss of use or dam- in the territory. age of any kind to any part of the ma- Recently The Liberty House has been reconstructed; its spacious windows on chine. Fort Street, really extensive stages, are In the matter of life insurance the B. used not only for remarkable displays of F. Dillingham Co., Ltd., has arranged to dry goods and fashions, but also for offer policies in the safest and surest patriotic displays, dioramas of the war's American concerns, among those in progress, or realistic settings illustrating the actual work of the Red Cross nurses which it offers excellent policies are the on the field. War Posters sent from the West Coast San Francisco Life Insur- Pan-American to the Pan-Pacific Union ance Co. are displayed here as are exhibits from In fire insurance, the Hartford, Conn., the Pan-Pacific Commercial Museum, so is perhaps the best known of American that everyone stops at The Liberty fire insurance companies, the Phoenix House. Fire Insurance Co., Providence-Wash- The people of Hawaii know The Lib- erty House through all its various floors ington, New York Underwriters and the and departments, it is the first. place to Atlas Assurance Co., Ltd., all of which attract visitors. This firm makes a concerns the B. F.' Dillingham Co., Ltd., specialty of ladies' apparel and of bring- represents in Hawaii. ing the latest fashions to Hawaii. Life, fire, marine, automobile and ev- The year round silk and woolen suits, ery kind of property insurance is under- skirts, waists and all the wearing apparel of women are rushed through at fre- written by the B. P. Dillingham Co., quent intervals from New York by Wells Ltd. A generous portion of its office Fargo Express, being only twelve to space in the Stangenwald Building on fourteen days in transit, so that the fash- Merchant street, Honolulu, is given ions on Fort Street are only a few days over to the insurance department , behind those of Broadway. The hands-Aroundthe=Pacific Movement THE PAN-PACIFIC CLUBS are local organizations, affiliated with the Pan- Pacific UNION, but governing themselves in each community. Many of these take the form of weekly luncheon clubs that entertain visitors and speakers from Pacific lands — the different clubs about the Pacific notifying one another of the proposed visits of distinguished men who have Pan-Pacific messages to deliver. THE PAN-PACIFIC UNION is an organization representing Governments of Pacific lands, and with which are affiliated Chambers of Commerce, and kindred bodies, working for the advancement of Pacific States and Communities, and a greater co-operation among and between the people of all races in Pacific lands. The Pan-Pacific Union is incorporated with an International Board of Trustees, representing every race and nation of the Pacific. The trustees may be added to or replaced by appointed representatives of the different countries co-operating in the Pan-Pacific Union. The following are the main objects set forth in the charter of the Pan-Pacific Union : 1. To call in conference delegates from all Pacific peoples for the pur pose of discussing and furthering the interests common to Pacific nations. 2. To maintain in Hawaii and other Pacific lands bureaus of information and education concerning matters of interest to the people of the Pacific, and to disseminate to the world information of every kind of progress and opportun- ity in Pacific lands, and to promote the comfort and interests of all visitors. 3. To aid and assist those in all Pacific communities to better understand each other, and to work together for the furtherance of the best interests of the land of their adoption, and, tilt ough them, to spread abroad about the Pacific the friendly spirit of inter-racial co-operation. 4. To assist and to aid the different races in lands of the Pacific to co- operate in local fairs, to raise produce, and to create home manufactured goods . 5. To own real estate, erect buildings needed for housing exhibits ; pro- vided and maintained by the respective local committees. 6. To maintain a Pan-Pacific Commercial Museum, and Art Gallery. 7. To create dioramas, gather exhibits, books and other Pan-Pacific mate- rial of educational or instructive value. 8. To promote and conduct a Pan-Pacific Exposition of the handicrafts of the Pacific peoples, of their works of art, and scenic dioramas of the most beautiful bits of Pacific lands, or illustrating great Pacific industries. 9. To establish and maintain a permanent college and "clearing house" of information (printed and otherwise) concerning the lands, commerce, peoples, and trade opportunities in countries °I the Pacific, creating libraries of commer- cial knowledge, and training men in this commercial knowledge of Pacific lands. 10. To secure the co-operation and support of Federal and State govern- ments, chambers of commerce, city governments, and of individuals. 11. To enlist for this work of publicity in behalf of Alaska, the Territory of Hawaii, and the Philippines, Federal aid and financial support, as well as similar co-operation and support from all Pacific governments. 12. To bring all nations and peoples ,about the Pacific Ocean into closer friendly and commercial contact and relationship. THE PAN-PACIFIC ASSOCIATION is an organization allied with the PAN- PACIFIC UNION. and in which membership is open to anyone who is in sympathy with Pan-Pacific endeavor, and the creation of a better knowledge in the world at large of the advantages Pacific lands have to offer.
APPLICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP. To the Secretary, Pan-Pacific Association, Honolulu, Hawaii. I desire membership for one year in the "Pan-Pacific Association," with subscription to the "Mid-Pacific Magazine." I enclose $2.50, payment in full (Name) (Address) Bay 4 puu Barbe
,4`"
0 1 6 10 SCALE OF MILES.
The Oahu Railway practically, encircles the Island of Oahu. There are daily trains to Haleiwa—"the House Beautiful" (see arrow), and through the most extensive pineapple fields in the world, at Wahiawa.