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This document is archival in nature and is intended Le présent document a une valeur archivistique et for those who wish to consult archival documents fait partie des documents d’archives rendus made available from the collection of Public Safety disponibles par Sécurité publique Canada à ceux Canada. qui souhaitent consulter ces documents issus de sa collection. Some of these documents are available in only one official language. Translation, to be provided Certains de ces documents ne sont disponibles by Public Safety Canada, is available upon que dans une langue officielle. Sécurité publique request. Canada fournira une traduction sur demande. 1 COPING WITH NATURAL HAZARDS IN CANADA: I SCIENTIFIC, GOVERNMENT AND INSURANCE I INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVES A study written for the Round Table on Environmental Risk, I Natural Hazards and the Insurance Industry I I by Environmental Adaptation Research Group, Environment Canada and I Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Toronto Sraren E. Brun I David Etkin Dionne Gesink Law Lindsay Wallace I Rodney White 1 ^`¢ $ifr^V Of June, 1997 &1I • I m aa o^G Lo a^ do I University of Toronto sSUran^Q I I ,&I Environment Canada Insurers' Advisory Organization Inc. I qen y rrcp^rcdness Canada 'IC The Reinsurance Research Council I r i i e CO-^ era' t®ÎS S OREM A Insurance/Financia.^ , Services . 1,.1BRAB'â1' I QIBt lOD4^OL1E ^,--Is"F:P- K,;Is PF'CC 0620ü7 1 ^^^;NN Acknowledgements Cjrfiup,frY+3 Kim; MW ,,t' , n[3 er This project is supported by: I Environment Canada Emergency Preparedness Canada I Co-operators General Insurance Company Insurance Bureau of Canada Insurers' Advisory Organization Inc. I The Reinsurance Research Council SOREMA I University of Toronto The Steering Committee thanks everyone who shared their time and experience with the project I staff including: Elizabeth Bush, Atmospheric Environment Service; Mike Ellis, Agriculture Canada; Keith Filmore, BEP International; Sam Gilbert, Risk Management Solutions; Egon Gutzeit, Munich Re; David Gronbeck-Jones, BC Ministry of Attorney General; Robert Healy, I EQE International; Grant Kelly, Insurance Bureau of Canada; Vicky Lau, University of Toronto; Wayne Marr, Saskatchewan Municipal Government; R. Glenn McGillivray, Swiss Re Canada; Bill Meighen, Co-operators General Insurance Company; Guy Morrow, Risk Management Solutions; I Alan Pang, BEP Reinsurance; Ernst Rauch, Munich Re; Janice Reiner, Co-operators General Insurance Company; Garry Rogers, Geological Survey of Canada; Elaine Simpson, Ontario Ministry of the Solicitor General and Correctional Services; Mani Subramani, EQE International; I Brian Stratton, Office of the Superintendant of Financial Institutions; Chris Tucker, Emergency . Preparedness Canada; William Weeks, BEP International; Robert Zalan, Queen's University. 1 Membership of the Steering Committee on Insurance Industry and the Environment: Leonard Brooks, Faculty of Management, University of Toronto I Ian Burton, Environmental Adaptation Research Group, Environment Canada Elaine Collier, Vice-President, Underwriting Management Services, Insurers'Advisory Organization Inc. David Etkin, Environmental Adaptation Research Group, Environment Canada I Janice L. Reiner, Vice President, Reinsurance & Risk Management, Co-operators General Insurance Company Angus Ross, President, SOREMA Management Inc. I Roger Street, Director, Environmental Adaptation Research Group, Environment Canada Chris Tucker, Senior Scientrfic Advisor, Emergency Preparedness Canada Rodney R. White, Director, Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Toronto I Judith Wilson, Manager, Environmental Database and Networking Initiative, Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Toronto I The Round Table on the Insurance Industry, Natural Hazards and Environmental Risks (see Appendix A for participants) was organised, and this report was produced by: I Mona El-Haddad, Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Toronto. I List of Acronyms ACA All-Channel-Alert INAC Indian and Northern Affairs Canada IRC I AGAFC Agriculture and Agrifoods Canada Institute for Research in ALS Advanced Life Support Construction ATC Applied Technology Council report ISO Insurance Services Office BLS Basic Life Support JEPP Joint Emergency Preparedness 1 CC Cloud-to-Cloud lightning Program CCC Canadian Climate Centre LIRMA London Insurance and Reinsurance CEPC Canadian Emergency Preparedness Market Association I College M Guttenberg-Richter scale CERPs Claims Emergency Response Plans MMI Modified Mercalli Index CF Canadian Forces MOTH Ministry of Transportation and I CG Cloud-to-Ground lightning Highways CMHC Canadian Mortgage and Housing NBCC National Building Code of Canada Corporation NERT Neighborhood Emergency Response DART Disaster Assistance Response Team Team 1 DFAA Disaster Financial Assistance NETC National Emergency Arrangement Telecommunications Committee DFAIT Department of Foreign Affairs and NHEMATIS Natural Hazards Electronic Map and I International Trade Assessment Tools Information DFO Department of Fisheries and Oceans NISA Net Income Stabilization Account DND Department of National Defense NRC National Research Council I EAL Expected Annual Losses NRCan Natural Resources Canada EBS Emergency Broadcast System OGS Ontario Geological Survey EIS Emergency Information System OSFI Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions I EMO Emergency Measures Organization EMS Emergency Medical Services PACIC Property and Casualty Insurance EPC Emergency Preparedness Canada Compensation Corporation EPEDAT Early Post-Earthquake Damage PED Probable Expected Damage I Assessment Tool PEL Probable Expected Loss EPICC Emergency Preparedness for PEP Provincial Emergency Program Industry and Commerce Council PGA Peak Ground Acceleration 1 ERCC Emergency Response PMD Probable Maximum Damage Communications Centre PML Principal insured Maximum Loss FDRP Flood Damage Reduction Program PWGSC Public Works and Government I FEMA Federal Emergency Management Services Canada Agency RCMP Royal Canadian Mounted Police FICO Financial Institutions Commission RECC Regional Emergency-operations and Communications Centre I FMR Fire Medical Responder GCM Global Climate Model RETCs Regional Emergency GDP Gross Domestic Product Telecommunications Committees GRIP Gross Revenue Insurance Plan RMS Risk Management Solutions I GSC Geological Survey of Canada SCIC Saskatchewan Crop Insurance HRDC Human Resources Development Corporation Canada SEP Saskatchewan Emergency Planning I IBC Insurance Bureau of Canada SONRA Society of Newfoundland Radio IIPLR Insurance Institute for Property Loss Amateurs Reduction SST Sea Surface Temperature -1 L'. I TABLE OF CONTENTS I TABLE OF CONTENTS I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY by Rodney White .........................................................................................................................1 U PART I: SCOPE OF THIS REPORT I 1.0 The Impact of Natural Hazards by Lindsay Wallace and Rodney White 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................... ................................... ... 5 I 1.2 The Impact of Natural Hazards ........................................................................................ 7 References ................................................................................................................................14 I PART 2: NATURAL HAZARDS IN CANADA 2.0 Atmospheric, Hydrologic and Geophysical Hazards I by Soren E. Brun 2.1 Introduction . ..... .. .. ....... .... .. ...... .. ... ....... ... .. ...... ... .. .. ... ... .. ... ........ ... .... 15 I 2.2 Atmospheric Hazards ...................................................................................................... 17 2.3 Hydrologic Hazards ........................................................................................................ 50 2.4 Geophysical Hazards ...................................................................................................... 57 I 2.5 Summary ........................................................................................................................ 63 References ................................................................................................................................. 63 I 3.0 Climate Change and Atmospheric Hazards by David Etkin and Soren E. Brun 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................. ................... ............... 66 I 3.2 Tropical Cyclones .......................................................................:................................... 67 3.3 Extra-Tropical Storms (Mid-latitude cYclones) ................................................................ 67 I 3.4 Thunderstorms ....... ... , ............. ... .. .....
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