THE GREAT BRITISH TAKE-OFF LIGHTNING II HEADS www.aerosociety.com FOR FARNBOROUGH DÉBUT

July 2014

UK’S NEW CIVIL AEROSPACE R&D WILD ABOUT THE CAT NASA’S PATH TO MARS His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales is presented with his Honorary Fellowship certifi cate in 1978 by the then-President Prof Lew Crabtree. RAeS (NAL).

HRH The Prince of Wales accepts invitation to become Honorary President in 2016

The Royal Aeronautical Society is delighted to announce that His The Chief Executive of the Royal Aeronautical Society, Simon Royal Highness The Prince of Wales has accepted the Society’s Luxmoore said: “We are honoured that The Prince of Wales has invitation to act as its Honorary President for 2016, the 150th graciously accepted our invitation to become our Honorary anniversary year of the establishment of the Society. President during our 150th anniversary year. 2016 will be an His Royal Highness’s Presidency will continue the Royal occasion to celebrate innovation, not only through past Family’s long association with the Royal Aeronautical Society. Her achievements but, more importantly, through looking to the future. Majesty The Queen became the Society’s Patron in 1952, As such, we very much intend to support His Royal Highness’ succeeding her father, King George VI, in this role. Both Their continuing commitment to encouraging youth opportunity. The Royal Highnesses The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and The support of our Honorary President in this important area will inspire Prince of Wales are Honorary Fellows, the Society’s highest and the next generation towards even greater innovations in science, most prestigious award. The Duke of Edinburgh was Honorary engineering and technology in general, and to aerospace and President during 1966, the Society’s centenary year. aviation in particular.” Volume 41 Number 7 July 2014 Carrier countdown NASA NASA’s path to Mars A look at the behind- Dr Ellen Stofan, Chief BAE Systems the-scenes work Scientist of the US space integrating the F-35B agency, explains the 14 with the UK’s new 34 Red Planet exploration aircraft carriers. roadmap. Contents

Correspondence on all aerospace matters is welcome at: The Editor, AEROSPACE, No.4 Hamilton Place, London W1J 7BQ, UK [email protected] Comment Regulars 4 Radome The latest aviation and 12 Transmission aeronautical intelligence, Your letters, emails, tweets analysis and comment. and feedback.

10 Antenna 58 The Last Word Howard Wheeldon looks Keith Hayward on Gulf bellwether at how Italy is securing its the importance of the defence aerospace industrial Farnborough Air Show to the base with a F-35 fi nal UK aerospace industry. assembly plant. This month the global aerospace industry will descend on Farnborough. This year the UK is riding high — with fresh R&D impetus on the agenda, the F-35 Features making its fi rst overseas visit and the Airbus A350 making its Farnborough 16 Plane speaking — début. However, for the A350, the recent decision by Emirates to cancel 70 Paul Everitt, ADS On the record with the CEO widebody orders might be seen in some quarters as a worrying development of the UK’s aerospace, for the civil aerospace market — and not just in Toulouse. Though Airbus defence and security industry Airbus Group is confi dent that there will be no fi nancial impact from these long-term body. 28 production orders, any hint of Gulf carriers hitting capacity constraints, GKN Technology horizons or revising growth estimates downwards, after driving so much of the Airbus Group’s Chief commercial aeropace industy in the past 20 years, will be a concern in Seattle Technology Offi cer, Dr Jean as well. However, it is worth remembering that only in November, Emirates Botti, on turning science fi ction into science fact. confi rmed its commitment to the A380, by placing an order for 50 at the Dubai Air Show. A case of simply re-adjusting fl eet planning? That said, the 20 regular drumbeat of orders from the Gulf mega-carriers has perhaps led to

the entire aerospace community taking their relentless expansion for granted. Preparing for tomorrow Raytheon It may not be an aircraft order bubble but an airliner cancellation from global The UK’s Aerospace carrier Emirates, the bellwether and poster-child for air traffi c growth may Technology Institute reseach into future technology. raise alarm bells — especially if other Gulf carriers decide to follow suit.

32 Tim Robinson More bangs for your buck Raytheon’s Paveway IV [email protected] AgustaWestland weapon is set to gain extra capabilities.

36 Working together 24 Report on 2014 RAeS Education and Skills seminar. NEWSEditor-in-Chief IN BRIEFAEROSPACE is published by the Royal AEROSPACE subscription rates: Wild about the cat Tim Robinson Aeronautical Society (RAeS). Non-members, £150 The AW159 Wildcat 40 Farnborough is coming +44 (0)20 7670 4353 Chief Executive Please send your order to: helicopter enters UK miltary What to look out for at this [email protected] Simon C Luxmoore Dovetail Services Ltd, 800 Guillat service. year’s air show. Deputy Editor Advertising Avenue, Kent Science Park, Bill Read Emma Bossom Sittingbourne, Kent ME9 8GU, UK. +44 (0)20 7670 4351 +44 (0)20 7670 4342 +44 (0)1795 592939 [email protected] [email protected] +44 (0)844 856 0650 (fax) 41 Afterburner [email protected] Publications Manager Unless specifi cally attributed, no Chris Male material in AEROSPACE shall be taken Any member not requiring a print +44 (0)20 7670 4352 to represent the opinion of the RAeS. version of this magazine, please 42 Message from our President [email protected] contact: [email protected] Reproduction of material used in this 43 Message from our Chief Executive Production Editor publication is not permitted without the USA: Periodical postage paid at Wayne J Davis written consent of the Editor-in-Chief. Champlain New York and additional 44 Book Reviews +44 (0)20 7670 4354 offi ces. [email protected] Printed by Buxton Press Limited, 47 Library Additions Palace Road, Buxton, Derbyshire Postmaster: Send address changes to IMS of New York, PO Box 1518, 48 Sir Henry Royce lecture Online Editorial Assistant SK17 6AE, UK Alfonso Serrano Alcala Champlain NY 12919-1518, USA. 50 3D printing Additional features and content Book Review Editor Distributed by Royal Mail Brian Riddle ISSN 2052-451X 51 ILA 2014 are available to view online on Editorial Offi ce 52 Diary www.media.aerosociety.com/ Royal Aeronautical Society aerospace-insight No.4 Hamilton Place 53 RAeS Council Including: The Airbus A300, Heathrow vs London W1J 7BQ, UK 54 Corporate Partners Gatwick, Video of RAeS lecture by Dr Ellen +44 (0)20 7670 4300 Front cover: The F-35 JSF will be making its fi rst international public Stofan, NASA Chief Scientist on Pathways [email protected] appearances this month at RIAT and the Farnborough Air Show. 55 Obituaries to Mars, CV-22 Osprey in the UK, www.aerosociety.com Lockheed Martin 56 RAeS Elections European MALE plan.

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INTELLIGENCE / ANALYSIS / COMMENT

Drag reduction The ovoid fuselage reduces the 'wetted area' per passenger by 4-14% compared to com- parable widebodies such as the Boeing 777, Ilyushin Il-96 and Airbus A340-300.

Range The Frigate Ecojet is optimised for shorter routes than traditional widebody aircraft. Against single-aisle aircraft on fl ights of 1,500km the company estimates it is 15-25% more fuel effi cient than an A320.

Belly cargo The Frigate Ecojet's two NEWS IN BRIEF lower freight compartments can accommodate up to 20 LD-3 containers or cargo on ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? 95 ×125 pallets. ?????Cross-section ????? ??????

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4 AEROSPACE / JULY 2014 Cabin The triple-aisle cabin could seat 280-350 passengers in a three-cabin layout or 400 in a single-class economy confi guration. Seats would Specifi cations be a minimum of 20in wide Range 3,500km and have a pitch of 32in. Cruising speed 442kt Passengers 280-400 Runway length 2,400m MTOW 123,000kg

Engines The Frigate Ecojet Lower landing project team is weight considering various With its shorter, compact engines, including PD- confi guration, the 300-passenger 18R and PS-90A20 or the Ecojet has the lowest maximum latest Rolls-Royce and take-off weight of any passenger Pratt & Whitney engines. aircraft with a similar capacity. This translates, says the company, into 44%-56% lower airport landing fees.

W AIR TRANSPORT Eco-effi cient oval From Russia's Rosaviaconsortium is this ultra-widebody airliner concept optimised for medium-haul fl ights — the Frigate Ecojet. It uses a horizontally ovoid fuselage section to reduce the wetted area per passenger, allowing up to 11 abreast in economy seating — giving a maximum capacity of 352 seats. Calculations by Russia's Central Aerohydrodynamics Institute (TsAGI) has confi rmed the project's eco-effi cient credentials — estimating that the Ecojet's integrated effi ciency is 35% higher compared to modern airliners. Rosaviaconsortium estimates a market for about 600 Ecojets between 2020-2030. Frigate Ecojet Frigate

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Insurgents strike AEROSPACE airports in Pakistan and Iraq Solar Impulse 2 maiden fl ight An attack by Islamic militants on Karachi Airport, Pakistan, left 39 dead, including the ten insurgents involved. The raid on 9 June, saw the airport closed as guerillas attacked the VIP and cargo terminal and a widebody hangar. The airport reopened after an overnight battle. Meanwhile, in Iraq, an uprising of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) insurgent group saw the militants take control of Mosul's civil airport and a military airbase with US-supplied The Solar Impulse 2 solar-powered aircraft made its fi rst fl ight from Payerne in equipment and helicopters, reportedly Switzerland on 2 June. A larger version of the earlier Solar Impulse 1, the new 72m including Black Hawks and Bell 407s. wingspan aircraft is to attempt to fl y around the world without fuel in 2015. Solar Impulse AIR TRANSPORT SPACEFLIGHT Emirates axes A350 order, as Airbus NASA set for ‘fl ying begins early long fl ight tests saucer' test

Dubai-based carrier shares fell almost 4% while In July NASA is to robotic Mars missions, Emirates Airline has Rolls-Royce shares fell by test its new the LDSD test over cancelled an order for 70 2%. As AEROSPACE goes Low-Density the Pacifi c Ocean Airbus A350s following a to press, Airbus has begun Supersonic will simulate the fl eet requirement review. early long fl ights (ELF) Decelerator entry, descent Airbus has said that with the cabin-equipped (LDSD) and landing this cancellation will MSN2 A350 prototype, at the US speeds that a not adversely affect the with Airbus workers as Navy's range in spacecraft would A350 programme, as passengers. MSN5, the Hawaii. Designed be exposed to when the deliveries were not second cabin-equipped to evaluate technologies fl ying through the Martian scheduled to start until the A350 XWB is set to fl y which could be used for NASA atmosphere. (See NASA's end of the decade. Airbus imminently. landing future human and path to Mars, p 34). NEWS IN BRIEF

will enable the FAA air ATR72-600 turboprop was Investigators are looking 49 people onboard traffi c control centre at Russian Helicopters allowed to fl y 13 times in into two 'unprecedented' a Ukrainian AF Il-76 Albuquerque to ensure that has confi rmed that it scheduled service with a airspace incidents over transport were killed when there is safe airspace for has abandoned plans damaged tail. Austria in early June where it was shot down on 14 suborbital space fl ights to to jointly develop a new 13 aircraft temporarily June by pro-Russian rebels be operated from Virgin 2·5t rotorcraft with Airbus Defence and Space disappeared from ATC using MANPADS near Galactic’s base in New AgustaWestland. However, has revealed an upgraded radar screens in a Luhansk, Ukraine. Mexico. the two companies will variant of its A330 MRTT ‘blackout’. continue to co-operate — the Enhanced. This Virgin Galactic has A Gulfstream IV business to produce the AW139 aligns the MRTT with the Turkish Airlines has announced an agreement jet crashed in Hanscom helicopter for the Russian latest civil A330 and also converted 15 options for with the US Federal Field, Massachusetts, on market. includes avionics, mission Boeing 737 MAX 8s into Aviation Administration 31 May, killing all seven systems and IFF upgrades. fi rm orders, adding to a (FAA) which will allow the people onboard. The The Australian Transport previous fi rm order for 40 space tourist company aircraft caught fi re during Safety Bureau (ATSB) is A partnership to combine of the type and ten of the to operate through US take-off, going off the end investigating an incident space activities has larger 737 MAX 9 aircraft. airspace. The agreement of the runway. in which a Virgin Australia been agreed by UK, US,

6 AEROSPACE / JULY 2014 AIR TRANSPORT DEFENCE IATA profi t warning for Sukhoi T-50 suffers engine fi re airlines The International Air December. Total revenues Transport Association would reach $746bn in (IATA) has warned that 2014, the body said. With profi ts for the global airline average net margins of industry in 2014 may be 2·4% that equates to just adversely affected by poor $5·42 per passenger. As economic growth in China. well as slower growth in IATA predicts that airlines China, IATA also pointed may make $18bn of to taxes, fuel prices, profi ts this year, down from regulation, infrastructure a previously predicted constraints and ATM $18·7bn earlier in March ineffi ciencies eating into and $19·7bn estimated in airline profi ts. Sukhoi The fi fth Sukhoi T-50 fi ghter prototype suffered damage GENERAL AVIATION on 10 June at the Zhukovsky test centre outside Moscow, when a fi re above the right inlet broke out on landing. The pilot was not injured and Sukhoi says the ‘incident will not Aerion revamps SSBJ affect the timing’ of the T-50 test programme. with larger trijet AEROSPACE MH370 hunt setback

Australian authorities co- discounted as the fi nal ordinating the international resting place of MH370’. underwater search for Reports from the US Navy the missing Malaysian say that the acoustic ‘pings’ 777 MH370 have said detected in April, may have that despite scouring over been from the searching Aerion has revamped its supersonic business jet (SSBJ) design — now with a larger 850km2 of the Indian ships themselves or other cabin and extended range. The AS2 SSBJ features three engines versus two on the Ocean fl oor in the vicinity man-made sources. The previous design. Aerion anticipates that the AS2 will still be certifi ed in 2021 with of pings thought to be search will continue over fi rst fl ight expected in late 2018 or early 2019, followed by a 24-month certifi cation from the aircraft’s beacon, a larger 60,000km2 arc in the ‘area can now be the Indian Ocean. Aerion

Australia and Canada. The Wichita, Kansas, factory. crashed at the Moron Technology (ALHAT) test UK will join the agreement, The nine-passenger bizjet Bombardier has delivered Air Base, near Seville, involved descending an which has been previously features a Garmin G3000 the fi rst of 90 enhanced on 9 June. The cause unmanned Morpheus signed by the other three fl ight deck and is set to CRJ900 regional jets to of the accident is under lander from 800ft using nations. The agreement receive FAA certifi cation American Airlines. The investigation, but the on the ALHAT systems for lays the groundwork for later this year. original orders for the aircraft crashed into the guidance. an international version aircraft, which will operate ground less than a mile of the US Joint Space The US FAA has cleared under the American Eagle from the runway threshold. Swiss manufacturer Pilatus Operations Center the Boeing 787 for brand, was fi rst announced began taking orders for its (JSpOC), which acts as a extended ETOPS fl ights in December 2013 and NASA has conducted a new PC-24 utility/business central clearinghouse for over water for 330 included an additional 40 key technology test at the jet at the Geneva EBACE the military’s tracking of minutes, or fi ve and a half options. Kennedy Space Center show in May. The rollout space-based objects. hours. This expands on in preparation to land an of the fi rst of three PC-24 the previous ETOPS limit Spanish Air Force pilot unmanned spacecraft on a prototypes is scheduled for Cessna has rolled out the for the 787 and opens up Captain Fernando Llusa rugged planetary surface in 1 August, with the maiden fi rst production example the longest trans-Pacifi c Carrascosa of Ala 11 was the dark. The Autonomous fl ight to follow in early of its Citation CJ3+ at its routes. killed when his Eurofi ghter Landing Hazard Avoidance 2015.

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AIR TRANSPORT DEFENCE Arke 787 arrives in style

The fi rst Boeing 787 Force Demo Team. for Dutch charter Arke has three carrier Arke 787-8s on got a VIP order, which welcome will be used when it was on services escorted between by F-16s Amsterdam of the Royal and the Netherlands Air Caribbean. Brazilian Air Force RNLAF F-16 Demo Team AEROSPACE World Cup defenders Brazil’s military have stadiums will suspend CSeries uncontained been deployed as part landings at nearby engine failure of the security measures airports while matches surrounding the month- are underway. The effort long FIFA World Cup involves 12,600 personnel tournament. A restricted from the Brazilian Air Force zone above football and 77 aircraft. GENERAL AVIATION UK CAA relaxes fi xed- wing microlight rules On 28 May, the UK the aircraft no longer CAA announced the need a Permit to Fly to operate in the UK. Bombardier de-regulation of all The move, undertaken Bombardier temporarily suspended fl ight tests on its CSeries regional jet following an single-seat fi xed-wing after consultation with ‘uncontained’ low pressure turbine engine failure on 29 May. The incident occurred during microlights. stakeholders, expands the a ground maintenance test of fl ight test aircraft FTV-1 at Mirabel, Quebec, and involved a This means, for previous SSDR category Pratt & Whitney PW1500G engine. The company has since resumed engine ground tests. airworthiness purposes, from 2007. NEWS IN BRIEF

transfer to T2 over the next Soyuz rocket to the Alenia Aermacchi have aircraft will be delivered Rolls-Royce has run few months. International Space Station announced a joint between 2017 and 2019. the fi rst Trent 1000- (ISS). The three-man crew proposal to develop a TEN engine which will On 23 May, an RAF consisted of Germany’s next generation (medium A USAF Global Hawk has eventually be used to RC-135W Rivet Joint Alexander Gerst, Russia’s altitude long endurance) fl own in UK airspace for power future models of made its fi rst training Max Surayev and NASA’s MALE UAV. The companies the fi rst time. The UAV, the Boeing 787. The new fl ight in UK airspace from Reid Wiseman. say, if approved by operating at 50,000ft in 78,000lb thrust engine is RAF Waddington since European governments, controlled airspace, was scheduled for certifi cation delivery last November. The Gulfstream has introduced such a jet-powered MALE taking part in a NATO at the end of 2015. RC-135W has now been the 7,500nm range design could be ready by evaluation called Unifi ed cleared to an ‘initial release G650ER which the US 2020. Vision 2014. The new £2·5bn Terminal to service’, according to manufacturer claims 2 at Heathrow Airport the MoD. makes it the world’s Air New Zealand has United Launch Alliance was opened on 4 June longest-range business jet. ordered ten Airbus (ULA) launched the to passengers using 34 On 28 May a multinational A320neos, one A320 USAF's sixth Block IIF United Airlines' fl ights. crew launched from Airbus Defence and and three A321s in a deal GPS satellite atop a Delta A further 25 airlines will Kazakhstan aboard a Space, Dassault and worth up to $1·5bn. The IV rocket on 16 May.

8 AEROSPACE / JULY 2014 GENERAL AVIATION SPACEFLIGHT 550mph jet powered fl ying car Greg Brown

Two US inventors, Greg GF7 would use a 3,500lb Brown and Dave Fawcett Williams FJ44-4 turbofan have unveiled a concept to power this ‘fl ying car’, for a four-seat jet-powered with electric propulsion roadable aircraft, capable on the ground. The team of taking off and achieving are aiming for a fl ying speeds of 550mph. The prototype in four years. SpaceX Rolls-Royce opens new SpaceX reveals Dragon V2 facility Commercial space ISS in low Earth orbit. The landing-legs and retro- Rolls-Royce has opened a new £100m company SpaceX has Dragon V2 is also reusable rockets to enable it to land advanced fan/turbine disc production revealed the manned and is equipped with vertically after re-entry. facility, in Washington, UK. Once version of its cargo- carrying Dragon capsule, operational, it will produce some 2,500 which will be able to carry DEFENCE discs per year. seven astronauts to the Swiss vote no to Gripen AIR TRANSPORT The people of Switzerland to the proposals. The public have voted to abandon a vote could also threaten INFOGRAPHIC: Local heroes: the proposed purchase of 22 other proposed measures, Saab Gripens to replace including a pact between value of regional UK airports the Swiss Air Force’s Saab and Pilatus to offer remaining Northrop F-5 the PC-21 turboprop as fi ghters. a possible solution for Held on 18 May, 52% Sweden's future pilot of respondents voted ‘no’ training requirements. ON THE Correction MOVE In last month’s ATR has appointed AEROSPACE in the Patrick de Castelbajac as article on Eurofi ghter its new CEO. upgrades ‘In the Typhoon’s path’ the Paul Watts is the new phrase ‘leading-edge GM of Bell Helicopter’s route extensions’ was Lafayette, LA assembly used. It should, of plant. course, be ‘leading- edge root extensions’. Bristow Group We apologise for any announced that John confusion caused. Briscoe has been appointed to the position of Senior Vice President and Chief Financial ✎ Offi cer. Airport Operators Association

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THE ITALIANS ust as British, French, Spanish and German terms of further potential defence cuts could well ARE TO BE governments have all been forced to mean that retention of sovereign capability and skills COMMENDED take a long hard look at what they spend will continue to play a large part in dictating future FOR THE MANNER Jon defence, so too has the new Italian policy toward defence equipment procurement. IN WHICH government been questioning future defence While critics would regard this as playing ‘politics’, capability needs with renewed vigour. In as opposed to creating well thought out defence THEY HAVE March, weeks after taking offi ce, newly appointed ‘strategy’ I suggest, despite the rhetoric and ambition AGAIN PLACED Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi suggested to the contrary, that in a fractious and delicate MAINTENANCE that the defence budget would be cut by €3·7bn parliamentary system such as the one that Italy has, in 2015/16 and that a White Paper overseen by when pressured Prime Minister Renzi will likely tread AND a group of experts managed by the Italian Ministry a far more cautious path on defence cuts than the SUSTAINMENT of Defence would be published before the end of one currently being targeted. OF SOVEREIGN the year. The White Paper would apparently run in Notwithstanding the importance of Italy within MANUFACTURING parallel with a separate defence commission review NATO, it is also right to point out that, after several that is looking at future procurement. rounds of past defence cuts, Italy retains, when CAPABILITY OVER That Parliament, as opposed to the Supreme compared to fellow Northern European NATO AND ABOVE THE Defense Council, is now required to provide the members, a high level of air power capability. The CHEAPER RISK primary decision and infl uence, marks a huge Italian Air Force (Aeronautica Militare) fast combat AVERSE OPTION change in attitude and approach to Italian defence jet inventory had, not so long ago, been as high as procurement. It is one that is known to be opposed 253 aircraft. However, at the time of writing, the OF BUYING by Italy’s President, Giorgio Napolitano, but probably current fast jet inventory is believed to comprise 16 COMPLETED unlikely to be reversed. Desperate to cut public AV-8Bs, 55 still active Tornado aircraft in both IDS AIRCRAFT OFF- spending, Prime Minister Renzi has suggested that a and IT-ECR form (another 44 aircraft are held as further €3bn of defence cuts could emerge over the retired or stored), 52 AMX ground-attack aircraft plus THE-SHELF next three years, these being facilitated by closure a still expanding fl eet of 71 Eurofi ghters. When the of almost 400 military barracks plus additional cuts remaining Eurofi ghters on order have been delivered to planned numbers of F-35 Joint Strike Fighters. the total will amount to 96 aircraft. In the case of the latter, these had already been Although intended numbers of F-35s could slashed from an original intention to acquire 131 still be cut, the Italian Government continues to aircraft down to 90. As if to back the intention to have a stated intention to acquire 90 aircraft from further cut F-35 procurement, on 19 March the Lockheed Martin. These are currently specifi ed as Italian Parliament signed off a report that called for being 60 ‘A’s and 30 ‘B’ STOVL variants. Clearly, given signifi cant cuts to the F-35 programme. the age of some legacy aircraft, modernisation of Italy had already been going through a process the fast jet fl eet is essential but, like other nations, of previously agreed defence cuts that would see including France, faced with the similar affordability current numbers of military personnel reduced by utility issues, the Italian Government remains under 20% by 2022. The White Paper, when it emerges, considerable pressure from the ECB to balance its is, however, more likely to highlight the need to books and to start reducing debt. speed up the process of scrapping legacy capability. Even so, having worked hard to support its Aware of the need to modernise, I take the view that, NATO allies over the past 20 years and proven the despite pressure to recommend further programme potency and effi ciency of its air power capability, I cuts, it will likely focus on important elements of suggest that, given the proximity of Italy to some of future defence strategy and capability requirement. the more troubled regions of the world, it may be If correct, this would suggest that what eventually worth reminding that Italians have a tendency to emerges as a result of the White Paper may not be be far more sensitive to the needs of maintaining quite as bad as it appears on the surface. strong defence than some of Europe’s other NATO It is also worth remembering that Italy has a members. Indeed, just as we are seeing defence very different attitude and approach to its defence chiefs in France placing their heads over the parapet industrial base than countries such as Britain. To that objecting to further defence cuts and complaining end and despite being strongly supportive of EU that those already authorised have gone too far, I membership, Italy places national interest, sovereignty doubt that Italian service chiefs will take another and skills retention as a high priority. Translated in proposed round of defence cuts on the chin.

10 AEROSPACE / JULY 2014 Lockheed Martin's F-35 Fort Worth facility. Italy has built its own assembly line at Cameri. Lockheed Martin Lockheed

The issue of maintaining sovereignty, jobs and in the maintenance and sustainment of sovereign skills is also likely to play a role here. Just as Italian manufacturing capability over and above the cheaper industry continues to build Eurofi ghter aircraft, so too risk-averse option of buying completed aircraft off has the nation decided to build in-country all the F-35 the shelf. What is equally impressive is that, given aircraft that it orders for the Aeronautica Militare. The the requirement for common standards of design superb built-for-purpose Alenia Aermacchi facility at and build, meaning that the Italian method of wing Cameri will also build the 37 F-35s that have been production and fi nal aircraft assembly is not at ordered by the Royal Netherlands Air Force. variance with that of US production standards, it Retention and, more importantly, sustainment appears that, from an effi ciency and productivity of sovereign manufacturing capability, is hugely point, the Cameri facility has already more than important to Italy. While Britain, a Tier One partner in achieved its objectives. the F-35 programme producing approximately 15% With capacity to produce approximately 71 wing- of the aircraft, along with Australia, Norway, Denmark sets per annum, the current plan is for production of and Turkey will take all the F-35s they acquire directly 65 wing-sets a year in a programme that expects to from LM in Fort Worth, the Italians have chosen to deliver a total of 835 wing sets in the years ahead. continue the long tradition of manufacturing or, in the In terms of aircraft assembly, the initial plan is to case of the F-35, assembling most of what it requires produce eight F-35s per year by 2018, increasing to in terms of defence capability at home. Italy has two aircraft per month thereafter. secured considerable additional work on the F-35 During my visit I was able to see the fi rst four programme and is a second source supplier of F-35 Italian-assembled aircraft at various stages of wing-sets for LM. production. The fi rst, AL-001, was due to be powered Having recently visited the Cameri production up in June with a fi rst fl ight anticipated in May/June facility which is already well engaged in construction 2015. Aircraft AL-002 and AL-003 were also in the work on the complex F-35 wing-sets that are preliminary stage of construction. then exported to the US, the engineering prowess The Cameri facility is a reminder that Europe and programme expertise developed was very has not lost the art of investing in military aircraft impressive. Starting from a green-fi eld site in 2011, manufacturing. But, in the great scheme of things, the now complete complex contains no fewer than unless Europe decides to be bold and to look at 22 different buildings that have been designed for investing in a new manned aircraft programme and a variety of purposes, including wing manufacture, gets its act better together on UAVs, we will continue aircraft assembly, fi nal fi nishing and acceptance to be beholden to the US. It is our choice to make testing. The hope is that, eventually, the plant will be but, once made, there can, in the highly sophisticated the centre of excellence for all European F-35 MRO world of military aircraft technology, be no turning and future upgrade work. back. With 6,000 Italian jobs reliant on the F-35, of Italy’s plan for F-35 production may appear to be which Cameri will eventually be responsible for a brave decision and one that others would consider around 1,500 both in wing manufacturing and full to be full of potential risk but it is to be commended aircraft assembly, the success of Cameri is hugely for the bold statement it sends. While the plan has important. The decision to invest in a full ‘Final great merit, in my view, achieving the wider long-term Assembly and Check Out’ (FACO) facility was not vision to be Europe’s F-35 MRO centre of excellence taken lightly and there remains a high degree of on the Cameri site will, at a time when Italy is striving potential risk. The Italians are to be commended to cut expenditure on defence, require a degree of

for the manner in which they have again placed stability to emerge fi rst. Martin Lockheed

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LETTERS AND ONLINE

resources in place for the community and individuals future — just like any other already knew, she did business. give glimpses of direction

Eurofi ghter Eurofi and food for thought (and Kim Verbraeken All answered a heck of a lot of this does is take the questions). It does seem focus away from a global there is some momentum problem. Pilot shortage toward Moon followed by combined with high cost Mars missions. There is no of training not only is a UK doubt that, on the face of it, issue, the entire world is the UK could cautiously get facing the same problem. involved, especially as we’ve These problems should be the talent. We just need to tackled on a global scale, have strings attached to the and industry plus govern- substantial fi nancial backing. ments need to take action. Following the RAeS An isolated BALPA pro- presentation, she gave posal focused on the UK another talk at London situation only will agravate University. She is a great the situation! ambassador for NASA and for the sciences and struck many chords for me (astronomy, aero/ space, planetary physics, geophysics). I think, if we Air-to-air refuelling from a Tornado to a Typhoon. see much more of her in the future, it would be a delight and I’m very pleased to have Typhoon tankage cheaper version. With the bonds or by the money the i spoken to her. I have known since the consequence of yet another pilots make for them over fi rst fl ight of its precursor/ debacle, different only in time. It’s not the taxpayers’ Michael T Systems quasi-prototype EFA 30 magnitude from the farce problem, it’s a problem the Engineer [On Hybrid Air Vehicles Airlander airship(2)] years ago that the Typhoon of the catapult/no-catapult/ industry brought upon itself Geoffrey W Chartered I’m fascinated by these would need more tankage. catapult decade-hence- by creating a market where Senior Aircraft Structural aircraft but doesn’t the world Every small warplane, from maybe aircraftless carriers. people have to self fund. Design and Development have a shortage of helium? the Spitfi re and before, Power in international affairs It’s Catch 22. No sponsor- Engineering Professional ship so people self fund, Or is it OK to use hydrogen has. It would have been necessitates military muscle. [On RAeS lecture from Dr people self funding so no now? far more economical, in Scrimping on defence Ellen Stofan, Chief Scientist need to provide sponsor- performance degradation incurs waste that renders of NASA(1)] ship as well as money, to design our pretensions ridiculous, NASA can only achieve this this in, when it would have that destroys the important aim if the US government Tim Lee-Foster No. All been virtually free! A thicker infl uence that Britain could and people are behind it like that will do is cement wing would have increased exert. the days of Apollo but I do this ridiculous tax into the internal volume and, not think there is enough Noel Falconer FRAeS place. We should be because deeper, still have support in the US, a joint campaigning to get rid weighed less; while a little venture like the ISS would of it entirely. But it’s not more sweepback held be the best way forward, going to happen until down the sonic drag. As did possibly with China involved the shortage really starts MoD, the RAF and BAE. instead of Russia, However, to bite and right now @lawlorpd The catch was that the — this would be dependent on [on Emirates it isn’t. There is still no saving was long-term and US politics so is unlikely. A350 cancellation] as- the expenditure immediate, shortage of newly qualifi ed tonishing — Farnborough inside the event horizon of pilots looking for that fi rst Dee A Aircraft technician and some better news — politicians concerned to job the problem lies at American Airlines can’t come quick enough buy the coming election f with getting them some for the Airbus press offi ce. Dr Ellen’s talk was very experience. and, at best, the next. They enjoyable and well pressured — is blackmailed Derek Pake [On corporate presented, considering she too strong a word? — the partner briefi ng about man- Llyr Jones No. was originally supposed @McBaine146 vote of defence community, with aging the future pilot short- Commercial airlines need to have shared the stage no confi dence in #Airbus threats to vital projects and age] Here’s a better idea, pilots, and these airlines with a colleague and had and the A350? Not that implicitly to the existence have the airlines pay for should invest to make sure to conduct it alone. While Boeing and the 787 is of individual Services, the training and recoup it they have the necessary most of the content was much better. to accept the close-in- back through sliding scale suitably qualifi ed, what we as an aerospace

12 AEROSPACE / JULY 2014 . @Josephaviation [on new Aeroscopia Museum] @AlexdEsterre [On Yes, one very impressive RAeS Bristol Branch new Airbus museum. lecture on electric fl ight] A thoroughly enjoyable event this evening, feel privileged to be around some of @DanVanderberg HSA Britain’s most intelligent did a fi ne job on the wing minds. #Aviation and kept British know how on A300 after Govt pulled out. Undaunted (relieved?) @PeterFarrowAST [On Airbus kept going. managing the pilot short- age] big question here, do we ‘manage’ it or take @jvrermondon Hope you action to negate it? have enjoyed Aeroscopia and we’ll get back once it is full and ready for its fi rst A Concorde and prototype A300 in the new Aeroscopia Museum at Blagnac. visitors ;) @pilotjobsuk Pilot Shortage? Tell that to the hundreds of currently unemployed pilots. @fl yinggibbon [On @PhilipDjaferis [On fi re @PaulMarks12 The @Baz577 Why has the Embraer KC-390] destroying an Il-96 on the reluctant German team Captain Eric Brown never Interesting, how does the ground in Moscow] The he seconded to grab been awarded a knight- turbofans’ reverse thrust fi re apparently started in the Nazi planes was hood??? Oh yes, he’s not @Getintofl ying [On the compare to the range of the cockpit. It was parked interesting too, and his a 20-something sports new UK CAA GA draft say a C-27 to stop once there for months and was US ops ... ‘celebrity’ ... regulations] What does down? up for sale but who wants the @AeroSociety make an Il-96? of the @UK_CAA draft GA policy? Our thoughts here: getintofl ying.co.uk/ @EdwardHawkins @crichardson123 [On features/ @Rob_Coppinger [On @GlosAirport here he is Truly impressive when we Eric ‘Winkle’ Brown BBC aircargo drones decades opening @JetAgeMuseum think of today’s talk about TV documentary] what an away]. We hear this at a few weeks ago. Amazing the ‘speed of change’, Aerosociety event but an amazing pilot and amazing man. pic.twitter.com/ @AGM100UTC [On ‘transformational change’, EU Commission study man — a truly national qdZx4MNOu8 MH370 mystery disap- etc. has identifi ed tech map, jewel! pearance] This whole follow-on concepts study event is alarming ... sh. possible. Lt Cdr Eric Brown piloting modifi ed de Havilland Mosquito FBVI, LR359, which made the fi rst twin- engined carrier-borne landing on to HMS Indefatigable on 25 March 1944.

@durtgeek [On a short- @jonititan Personal deliv- age of maintainance ery drones are technically

technicians] If there was feasible but the barriers NAL RAeS more of a push towards are regulation and liability. focusing on maintenance instead of pilot careers for youth all the time.

@PauloNurra [On PAK- FA fi re accident] It could be for sure an expensive.. @AngusBatey [On news trade off between repair or from RAeS RPAS confer- new built. ence] ‘UK govt opposes 1. http://aerosociety.com/News/Insight-Blog/2257/VIDEO-Dr-Ellen-Stofan-NASA-Chief-Scientist-on-the-path-to-Mars EASA plans for single 2. http://aerosociety.com/News/Insight-Blog/2081/Airships-a-new-dawn UAS regulation regardless of size’ says to industry: “if @martinmcnamara you think we’re wrong, tell Oops ... ah well, most us.” #RPASToday prototypes have one glitch Online or another... Additional features and content are available to view online at http://media.aerosociety.com/aerospace-insight

@aerosociety i Findlinkedin.com/raes us on LinkedIn f facebook.com/raesFind us on Facebook. www.aerosociety.comwww.aerosociety.com JULY 2014 13 DEFENCE Queen Elizabeth carriers Carrier Countdown

This month on 4 July the first of the UK's new Queen Elizabeth-class (QEC) carriers is set to be launched by Her Majesty the Queen — an important milestone in restoring Britain's naval air power. TIM ROBINSON talks to some of the engineers responsible for putting the 'air' in aircraft carrier.

THERE IS A UNIQUE he thing to bear in mind with the the transitions between aircraft variants” notes CAPABILITY QEC,” says David Atkinson, F-35 Atkinson. HERE IN THE UK Integration Lead, BAE Systems, “is AT BAE Tthe sheer scale of the fl ight deck. Leveraging simulation SYSTEMS AT It is just huge — three times bigger “than the Invincible-class deck.” Atkinson is part Integration of the F-35 with the QEC, in particular, WARTON, WHICH of the industry team that is working on this giant has harnessed the growing power of simulation and IS TO SIMULATE fl agship project. This BAE team, distinct from the synthetic modelling to de-risk the process. Inside a OPERATION company’s prime role in the Aircraft Carrier Alliance F-35 motion simulator at BAE Warton's facility, test (ACA), is the interface between the aircraft (F-35) pilots can assess the aircraft in the landing pattern, OF THE F-35 and naval teams working on this project — to develop CONOPS (CONcepts of OPerationS) WITH OUR, OR ensure that the UK's new stealth fi ghter and its and take-off and land on a ‘virtual’ HMS Queen Elizabeth ANYBODY ELSE’S, new carriers mesh as smoothly as possible. The . The simulation is not bound to the F-35B AIRCRAFT team, reporting up to the F-35 Joint Programme and QEC either — it can also emulate F-35C and Offi ce via Lockheed Martin, is the fi rst ‘port of call’ CVN characteristics. Additionally, to enhance realism CARRIER for ACA and the MoD for questions about F-35 and develop procedures for take-off and recovery, integration. Says Atkinson: “Our role is to help the other multiple ‘virtual’ F-35s can be inserted into David Atkinson MoD and ACA ensure the F-35B is integrated as the simulations — to allow the pilot to assess how a F-35 Integration Lead effi ciently and effectively as possible with the QE formation of aircraft would recover to the ship. Says BAE Systems Class aircraft carrier.” This has involved extensive Atkinson: “There is a unique capability here in the engineering, simulation and modelling — going UK at BAE Systems at Warton, which is to simulate back a number of years. operation of the F-35 with our, or anybody else’s, However, as defence observers will know, aircraft carrier who provides their model to us.” He the CVF future carrier project hasn't always been observes: “It is the result of many years of [fl ight smooth sailing. The UK Government's switch from simulation] experience in the facilties at Warton STOVL F-35B to CV (cats and traps) variant and which has resulted in the leading edge that we have back again in 2012, not only looked like dithering and can bring to bear on these two hugely important and cost valuable resources, but also set project programmes.” engineers racing to make up lost time. “That Though the F-35B’s advanced fl y-by-wire fl ight interruption has had an effect on the programme, control system has taken much of the hard work however our simulator models have helped to ease out of vertical landings — the simulation has already BAE Systems

14 AEROSPACE / JULY 2014 The F-35 motion simulator at BAE Warton has been crucial in developing QEC CONOPS.

aircraft has all three (including the nose) wheels in contact right up until the point where the aircraft leaves the deck — giving positive nosewheel QE- CLASS proved its worth in helping test the Shipborne authority throughout. Additionally, the F-35Bs smart Rolling Vertical Landing (SRVL) manoeuvre, which is fl ight control system ‘knows’ when it is going up a a UK-specifi c landing technique that allows higher ramp and will pre-position the control surfaces and 28 ‘bring-back’ (several thousand pounds additional effectors to launch at the optimum angle to avoid MILLION weight) of weapons and fuel — especially in hot pitch-up or down. HOURS SPENT climates. SRVL sees the pilot land in hover mode DEVELOPMENT but with forward speed — enabling the wings to Thermal challenges generate useful lift. Unlike a traditional carrier & DESIGN approach at 130kts, where the pilot is prepared However, the biggest engineering challenge in to ram the throttle open in case of a 'bolter' — the F-35 integration, says Atkinson, is the aero-thermal SRVL ends with the aircraft automatically moving environment surrounding the hot-exhaust gas of 250,000 the propulsion system to idle and the pilot applies the F-35B and its 40,000lb thrust F135 engine. LITRES OF the brakes. Input from test pilots in the simulator This challenge is not novel to the F-35 but has been has also added SRVL-specific symbology — a known about since the 1960s and the Hawker PAINT USED ship-referenced velocity vector to the pilots HMDS Siddeley P.1154, when it was realised that any (Helmet Mounted Display System), to better judge supersonic P.1127/Harrier follow-on would need the approach path using this recovery technique. extra effort to tackle this problem. Indeed, a scale 250,000 F-35 hot-gas test rig has been used at Warton for KM OF Lights, camera, action some years to explore the aircraft's external thermal environment. ELECTRICAL Indeed the SRVL concept has also made another For the QE-class this has been dealt with in the change in the F-35/QE integration — that of a development of a thermal metal spray to protect CABLE new stabilised lighting system or ‘Bedford Array'. the fl ight deck against high-exhaust temperatures. Independent of the two glide path indicators (for This says Atkinson, was a unique challenge — while both helicopters and fi xed-wing aircraft) in the thermal metal spray existed, for use on an aircraft port catwalk, this proprietary system, developed by carrier it had to combine heat-resistant properties QinetiQ and manufactured by AGI Ltd uses LED with those needed by a fl ight deck — for example lights in the deck tramlines to provide a gyro- the friction characteristics needed to grip aircraft stabilised glidepath alignment cue and a forward tyres in wet conditions. Thermal proofi ng measures and aft limit line to F-35B pilots carrying out SRVL such as higher temperature resistant paints and approaches. The ‘Bedford Array’ approach lighting shields also extends to the catwalk and liferafts. was trialed with QinetiQ's VAAC Harrier testbed in Says Atkinson: “The historic STOVL knowledge and 2008. Indeed, work on the QEC visual landing aids experience that was developed throughout the 60s goes back even further, to the very start of the CVF to 80s has allowed UK understanding of ground programme and these aids have been progressively erosion and hot gas to be brought to bear on this developed using the Warton fl ight simulator. aircraft's ship interface.” The lighting on the QEC is innovative in other ways. Giant TV-style ‘departure boards' on the side Conclusion of the islands allow information (and even video) to be viewed by fl ight deck personnel or aircrew sitting After the launch, the next milestone will see HMS in readiness. It can also, if needed, project white Queen Elizabeth head for sea trials in 2016. This light, acting as fl oodlights for maintenance or other will most likely see the fi rst aircraft landings on operations at night. the carrier, albeit with helicopters to support this activity. First rotary-wing ship operating limit tests Not your father's ski-jump are planned for 2017. First of class fi xed-wing deck trials with F-35Bs from the US are planned to begin The QE-class's ski-jump, too, has been carefully by the end of 2018 and to be completed in 2019, designed and engineered from the beginning — leading to an Initial Operating Capability in 2020. drawing on BAE's Harrier heritage. Says Atkinson: Thus, in 2020, the UK will possess a state-of- “We had to go back into the archives and talk the-art warship and valuable fl oating piece of real to people who had actually been involved with estate — able to embark up to 36 stealth F-35s trials with the Sea Harrier and Harrier to make and/or helicopters (including Chinooks) to project sure we understood the history of ski-jump ramp power, presence or offer assistance anywhere in the development. The aircraft carrier ski-jump is a UK world. This potent carrier strike force represents a innovation and something the UK is very proud massive jump in capability over the Invincible/Harrier of”. The QEC's ski-jump is longer (200ft) than the era — and perhaps, in one way, sees the UK's CVA- Invincible-class (150ft) and designed so that the 01/P.1154 ambitions of the 1960s come full circle. Aircraft Carrier Alliance

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2014 15 PLANE SPEAKING Paul Everitt Plane Speaking with: Paul Everitt On the eve on this year’s Farnborough Air Show, we catch up with PAUL EVERITT, CEO, ADS Group, to ask him about the current status of the UK aerospace and defence industry, the concerns of his members and ADS Group the possible implications of Scottish independence to UK plc.

EROSPACE: How would you sum incredibly important development. The commitment up the state of the UK aerospace of industry and government to a £2bn forward industry today? programme of R&D investment is very substantial, A particularly since it takes us not just to the next election, but the election after that. So we go through both this Parliament and the life of the next PE: It’s a really positive and optimistic time. There is Parliament. That really gives us a sense that this is a lot of genuine excitement across industry. I guess a long-term arrangement. The role of the ATI is one that the background context to that is a range of of developing strategy and co-ordinating resources. things. You’ve got exciting products, some of which We know what we are trying to do in terms of where we will see at Farnborough and others that are or the UK’s key strengths lie and the challenges of are about to come onto the marketplace. We’ve also the customer requirements from airlines. Therefore, got growth in the civil market, which is continuing what we need to do is to deliver products that will and looks very fi rm. We are seeing that increasing in satisfy that customer demand. The ATI’s role is terms of deliveries, alongside the strong orderbook. to bring these things together in a coherent and I think the other one, at least from a UK perspective, co-ordinated way. In the past we tried to invest in is linked to the broader context of industrial everything and eke out as broad a coverage as strategies. The Government gets the importance possible from the limited resources available. Now, of industrial strategy. It is absolutely committed to ATI is going to focus the investment that delivers a genuine partnership with industry, providing the the best return for the UK as a whole. That is a very support, certainty and continuity that gives us the signifi cant and important development. confi dence to invest. Q: What is currently the biggest concern to your Q: How signifi cant is the launch of the aerospace and defence members? The UK’s space sector Aerospace Technology Institute (ATI)? (see is becoming increasingly page 20-23). Can a new ‘virtual’ R&D centre important. PE: The biggest concerns across civil aerospace, really replace the RAE Farnborough of old? are challenges in the marketplace. We have customers that are very keen to buy more products PE: It’s a different world, I don’t think we are trying (which is really good) but the economics of their to recreate things. The ATI needs to be seen in the businesses mean that to buy more products context of all the work by the Aerospace Growth they need a more competitive offering. That has Partnership (AGP) and again the link back from ramifi cations from the very top of the supply chain that into the broader commitment to industrial all the way down through it. The combination of strategies. There is no doubt that the ATI is an increasing demand as well as the competitive SSTL

16 AEROSPACE / JULY 2014 “Airbus is clearly an absolutely crucial part of the UK industry” Airbus

pricing pressures, are challenging for individual the excitement, but also career opportunities. This businesses. The growth in demand is certainly is to ensure that we win our fair share, if not more challenging in terms of fi nding and identifying a than our fair share of the people that are available. pipeline of appropriately qualifi ed and skilled people. Hopefully this will also inspire more people to take For some businesses, particularly those that are the right kind of courses and get the right type of smaller scale and further down the supply chain, qualifi cations, so we increase that pipeline of talent. ensuring they can fi nance the opportunities that are available to them is high on their priority list. On Q: There seems to be a tremendous amount of the defence side, there are clearly concerns about activity in STEM outreach – but the industry still the overall level of available spend. The obvious seems to be struggling to attract talent. What route when the domestic customer constrains are we doing wrong? expenditure, is to look to export markets. We are in a set of circumstances where all of the major markets PE: This holds true for an awful lot of organisations, are suffering similar levels of constraint, therefore, not just aerospace, but also across both export markets are increasingly competitive. We’re manufacturing and engineering. We’ve got lots all pitching in, and fi ghting for, business in a limited of activity, all of it generally very good and well number of areas, which has its own challenges. meaning but it is fragmented. It can mean we Within the UK and with our own domestic customer, confuse as many as we inform. It’s a really tough we are going through a signifi cant change in reform job to try and tell people that somebody else of defence acquisition. This includes the changes knows better. It would be nice if we could get a outlined in the Defence Reform Act, devolved bit more coherence. From an ADS point of view responsibilities to frontline commands, and as we this is typifi ed around the work we do on Futures come to the end of this Parliament, what the future Day. We collaborate and work with a range of key IF WE MAKE IT strategy is going to be and how that is going to be partners and stakeholders to maximise the value of MORE COMPLEX SDSR played out through the next . the opportunity that Futures Day offers. As far as TO OPERATE we can, we are adding value to the activity rather Q: On skills — has the UK got enough than seeing it as something that is competing WITHIN THE engineers and scientists to meet its needs with what other people are trying to do. For us, the LARGER UK for the aerospace and defence industry going themes at the show are AGP and DGP (Defence FOOTPRINT, forward? Growth Partnership). We’ve got some really good examples of a successful piece of activity around THEN THAT ISN’T PE: I guess all the evidence suggests ‘not yet’. If you the MSc Bursary scheme. We want to use the GOING TO BE look at the work that has been done by a variety show to demonstrate what the AGP has been able POSITIVE FOR US of different organisations, including many learned to help create, in getting young people who have AS AN INDUSTRY. bodies, and work from Government, they all indicate qualifi ed, or passed their exams by the time of the that, across all manufacturing and engineering show, as well as the next 200 who will be starting WE ARE sectors, that we are not generating enough people in September. There’s a real challenge out there but CONCERNED with the right skills and qualifi cations. So that is there are some good things that are happening. Our ABOUT THE a challenge for us all. If we look at Farnborough, aim is to get people to focus on perhaps a more IMPLICATIONS the work we are doing around Futures Day is very ‘limited’ range of activities and draw people into much focused on engaging people at an early point the successful activities that are being undertaken. OF SCOTTISH about what the sector can offer, both in terms of Hopefully, we create a bigger impact through them. INDEPENDENCE

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2014 17 GKN Aerospace will be PLANE SPEAKING a supplier of the Advanced Winglet for Paul Everitt the Boeing 737 MAX.

Q: Civil orders are booming, yet defence for air travel and the economic and environmental (even with worries about a new Cold War) is constraints that regulators are increasingly requiring, fl at or stagnant in Europe and the US. Is this mean that the demand for the new products that we imbalance dangerous? are developing and putting into the marketplace will remain quite strong. PE: There’s always been a degree of cyclical nature. It’s never been a balanced kind of marketplace, Q: The Aerospace Growth Partnership is being there are always peaks and troughs both in civil and followed by a Defence Growth Partnership in the defence side of our business. That is a regular (DGP). Yet this has inbuilt tensions from the occurrence, so to that extent, it is manageable. desire to place work in the UK, against the The challenges around the defence sector are the message from MoD that any new equipment ones that the DGP is really looking at. We will see has to be, if not off the shelf, then require what the future brings in terms of any longer-term minimal changes to keep costs down. How do impacts from the current tension on the Russian/ you see that being resolved? Ukrainian border. But it looks like there is going to be fairly constrained expenditure for most of the PE: Fundamentally, our success in exporting major Western governments. Therefore that’s a fact products will rely on us being able to better satisfy of life we need to be able to deal with and look at our domestic customer. There are some challenges how we adapt to meet those circumstances. but also opportunities in that. If we are able, through the DGP process, to build a stronger and closer Q: How worried should we be that the civil relationship with our customer, with a greater level orders boom may be an unsustainable bubble of trust and confi dence and a greater understanding — with a lot of value concentrated in the Gulf of future capability requirements, that will help us and Asia-Pacifi c? to ensure that we can deliver better to them and exploit opportunities elsewhere. PE: Clearly there is growth in the sector in those markets. That is underpinned quite fi rmly by Q: On the political front, there may be two key replacement demand from longer-term customers. signifi cant changes to the UK in the future. The challenges being faced by the airlines we know What do you predict would be the effect on and love in Europe are driving them to acquire new UK aerospace and defence in 1) Scottish products. So, yes, while there is strong growth in SE independence, 2) the UK leaving the EU? Asia, Middle East and a number of other markets, it’s not on its own. There is demand coming from PE: Obviously independence is a matter for people more traditional markets as well. So I understand voting in Scotland but we have been very clear. there are people who have concerns and I’m not AgustaWestland AW169. The We are concerned about the potential impact able to forecast what the next fi ve-to-ten years. commercial helicopter market of independence on UK industry. There are a is expected to be worth As we’ve seen in the past, the growth in demand $165bn in 2030. range of uncertainties which are acknowledged in terms of the economics and also of international relationships. That uncertainty, or the uncertainty around those, is a cause for concern and I think weakens the UK, certainly from an industrial perspective. We are struggling to pitch the UK as an attractive location for investment. If we shrink the UK market and, if we make it more complex to operate within the larger UK footprint, then that isn’t going to be positive for us as an industry. We are concerned about the implications of Scottish Independence. I am not saying we won’t be able to adapt, but it will certainly make it more diffi cult. As for UK and Europe, again as an industry we are clear that the UK’s industrial and economic interests are best served by being part of Europe. In addition, we benefi t by being actively engaged in shaping and infl uencing what happens within those European institutions.

Q: What do you think is key to keeping the UK near the top of the table of aerospace nations? AgustaWestland

18 AEROSPACE / JULY 2014 BAE Hawk T2 trainer: ‘Systems-orientated’ developments and through-life support will be key in winning future defence deals. BAE Systtems

PE: It’s relatively straightforward stuff. You need has been well ahead, not just during the course of to be encouraging R&D investment and the right the fi nancial crisis. We’ve been providing this level of things in R&D. You need to be ensuring the skills contractor support to operations over a long period and training of your people to have the right of time and have a degree of experience, that allows knowledge, experience and capability. You need to us to deliver an innovative and quality service to a be investing in your facilities, so that you have the range of potential customers. best, most effi cient and effective manufacturing premises, plant and machinery. This is particularly Q: What will be the highlights at Farnborough true in sectors which see very signifi cant shifts in Air Show later this month? the materials we are using and how you will be manufacturing for the future. In addition there is the PE: What’s hot at Farnborough? The F-35 will be relationship with government, both as a promoter great, from a civil point of view the A350 XWB will of the sector but also, where appropriate, as a be very exciting. Our aim in ADS is to showcase that supporter of the sector. work being done by AGP and DGP. The Futures Day is set to be really exciting, we’ve got a lot of really Q: Where do you see the biggest business interesting and exciting things that will be going on opportunities for UK aerospace and defence in during the day. We are building a set of partnerships the coming decade? and collaborations in a way we haven’t done before. From a more narrow perspective, the fact that UK Plc PE: We have done lots of work on market we have got Chalet Row A (the fi rst permanent opportunities. We have a strong relationship, buildings on site), provides us with a glimpse of the certainly on the civil side with Airbus, clearly an future, in terms of what we hope to be offering our Civil aerospace absolutely crucial part of the UK industry. Its future exhibitors. We’ve also got a new GKN building and, success will drive a signifi cant benefi t for the UK alongside that, we have put down a lot of permanent exports (2012) industry. I think there are opportunities to strengthen hardstanding, like the Finmeccanica zone. These are our relationship with Boeing and, indeed, all of all demonstrations of our commitment to create a £10·3bn those major players that are emerging, whether it be world-class venue for this air show. with Embraer or in China. Our future opportunities are to reinforce the quality and innovation that we are able to deliver to those major players. On Defence exports the defence side, we have the expertise and the (2012) fl exibility to meet the competitive pressures that are emerging in markets around the world. I think £8·8bn that the combination of more ‘systems-orientated’ developments alongside through-life support to those systems and future platforms are the areas where we can really exploit. Because of the work UK aerospace that we have done, contractors supporting frontline employs 100,000 operations are a fl exible and cost-effective way for governments and purchasers around the world to supports another deliver the defence and security requirements for 130,000 their nations in an affordable way. indirectly, Austerity creates the circumstances where in 3,000+ people are prepared to be more innovative, because they have fewer choices. This is a trend that the UK companies Farnborough International

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2014 19 RESEARCH Aerospace Technology Institute

BILL READ reports on the progress made by the newly-launched Aerospace Technology Institute to research new technology that can be developed and utilised by UK industry for current and future aircraft designs. Preparing for tomorrow

AGP’s plan for UK aerospace growth: Protect (0-5 years): Look at Airbus capabilities the UK needs to have now, identifying what currently exists and what actions may be his year saw the launch of the new UK and guiding progress. In the words of the ATI’s necessary to make these fi t Aerospace Technology Institute (ATI), Mission Statement: ‘The Aerospace Technology for purpose to support the which became fully operational in April. Institute exists to protect, exploit and position overall strategy. Based at Cranfi eld Technology Park, the leading advanced UK capabilities, preserving design ATI is part of an on-going initiative by and manufacturing jobs in the UK.’ Exploit Tthe British Government for the long-term support The ATI is run by academics and industry (up to 2025): Working and strategic development of the UK aerospace experts, supported by a small team of staff. together to identify industry, a process that began with the formation of Currently, ATI is a ‘virtual’ centre and does not yet programmes for UK industry, primarily on the Aerospace Growth Partnership (AGP) in 2011 host onsite research and development projects. upgrades to existing aircraft (see panel on next page). In addition to the opening and systems. of the ATI, other developments have included the Its current tasks include: establishment of the UK Aerodynamics Centre and ✈ Assessing the UK’s current aerospace Position UK Government funding for 500 MScs in aerospace capabilities and key strategic facilities and (2025 and beyond): Taking engineering (see The UK aerospace renaissance, identifying strengths, gaps and areas for action now to position the AEROSPACE, December 2013, p 26). development. UK to be as competitive The function of the ATI is to act as a ‘virtual ✈ Comparing the UK’s capabilities with other as possible for the all-new aircraft that will enter research and development (R&D) centre’, providing leading aerospace manufacturing nations service in the mid-2020s. leadership and technical analysis, allocating funds ✈ Collecting predictions, recommendations

20 AEROSPACE / JULY 2014 One of the aims of ATI is to research the technology that will be needed in the future by UK industry to help realise the aircraft designs of the 2030s — possibly including elements of Aerospace Growth Partnership (AGP) the Airbus Concept Plane (below left) seen here in an artist’s Established in 2010 the Aerospace Growth impression fl ying over London. Partnership (AGP) is a collaboration between UK industry, government and academia, to maintain and enhance the position of the UK aerospace industry. Industrial Strategy: government and industry in partnership and requirements of industry, academic and The aims of the AGP are to map the UK’s path for government stakeholders in a confi dential, non- developing technologies and capabilities, ensuring competitive environment that investment goes to the right areas at the right ✈ Create a comprehensive strategic vision for UK time, to tackle barriers to growth, boost exports and Lifting Off – aerospace increase the number of high-value jobs in the UK. Implementing the Strategic ✈ Recommending research and technology (R&T) One of the fi rst fruits of the AGP was to publish Vision for UK Aerospace funding allocation from the UK Government Lifting Off — a report into how it plans to implement Department for Business, Innovation and Skills its strategic vision for UK aerospace. The report (BIS) and the Technology Strategy Board (TSB) identifi ed four sectors which the AGP considers UK aerospaceerospace iindustrynddusttry iis to fortify strengths, plug gaps and promote the particularly strong, namely: wings, engines, aerostructures and advanced long-term development of the UK’s aerospace systems. The AGP has also implemented a PEP (protect, exploit and industry. position) strategy to identify and prioritise the actions needed to capture opportunities for short, medium and long-term growth (see sidebar opposite). Medium term plans

In the medium term, ATI plans to develop 4. Facilitating UK businesses’ access to the EU ‘technology roadmaps’ for particular areas of and other consortia; and research that impact on the requirements 5. Developing outreach of the UK aerospace industry. programmes to raise the profi le of UK These technology areas aerospace to young people. comprise: Another key objective of the ATI ✈ Propulsion is to inspire and support future ✈ Rotorcraft generations with the aim of ✈ Fixed-wing aircraft boosting the domestic talent pool ✈ Supersonics and hypersonics to enable the UK to employ ‘home ✈ Advanced systems grown’ experts to produce and support ✈ Aerostructures new aerospace projects in the years to come. The ATI will also launch an additional set of projects A UK-made Airbus A350 to support critical areas of development in key areas wing arriving in France. One Current projects of capability. A strategy is currently being developed of the aims of the ATI is to promote UK industry in for the launch of future R&T programmes which will Europe. (Airbus) As part of the UK’s Aerospace Industrial Strategy be updated over time, depending on the outcome of — a long-term economic plan which sets out how current and future research programmes. to keep the UK industry globally competitive — UK government and industry are to invest Promoting the UK in the a total of £2bn into new technology and future manufacturing over the next seven years. ATI is presently overseeing an Longer-term objectives for the ATI initial seven-year rolling programme include: of different research projects, some of which were already underway before 1. Working with European organisations the founding of the Institute. Each to ensure that UK programmes of work project is worked on by a consortium of align with European objectives set by the manufacturers, universities and research Advisory Council for Aviation Research and organisations — one of which also leads the Innovation in Europe (ACARE) and Corporate A presentation to young project. Lasting typically from between two to three Social Responsibility (CSR); people on the UK space years, the projects are currently focusing on four industry at Futures Day at the — 2. Showcasing the UK’s capabilities to the global 2012 Farnborough Air Show. main research areas fi xed-wing, propulsion, market; Another key objective of the supersonics and hypersonics and testing capabilities 3. Seeking further funding from European ATI is to inspire and support (see panels on pp 22-23). At the time of writing, organisations to supplement UK activities; future generations. there are 13 projects underway, although the total

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2014 21 RESEARCH Aerospace Technology Institute

FIXED-WING RESEARCH PROJECTS: What to invest in?

Structures Technology Maturity Projects (STeM) “When considering new projects, we are looking at GKN GKN with Spirit AeroSystems and GE Aviation three timelines,” explains Rich Oldfi eld, Technical Systems The aim of STeM is to support new concepts which Director of GKN who is on the ATI Working Group. will improve the aerodynamic performance of wing “Firstly, what technology can we exploit now? designs, in particular new automation and assembly Secondly, what technology can we use in the technologies that will enable high rate, high value medium term and, fi nally, the ‘blue sky’ thinking of manufacturing capability for airframe structures. what can we develop for the future.” Advanced Integrated Wing Optimisation (AIWO) Companies can be involved in ATI research Airbus with GKN, Goodrich, Ultra Electronics programmes in several ways. GKN, for example, is Precision and Tyco Electronics a leader in some research projects and works with Automated manufacture of a STeM A £9,618,500 project to investigate higher- other companies (such as Airbus) in others. Some risk/higher potential innovative integrated wing winglet box structure technologies that could be used on future Airbus programmes have ‘open calls’ in which anyone can products coming into service around 2025. participate which can be joined by SMEs while more major projects have a consortia of larger companies. Experimental Aerodynamics for the Delivery of Accurate and Rapid Wings When considering new projects, the role of ATI is to Performance and Loads Data (ExpAERO) Airbus with the Aircraft Research Association (ARA) advise on the relevance and funding of projects in To develop technologies required to deliver aerodynamic loads and advanced line with the overall strategy but it is up to the TSB aerodynamic design databases for the next all-new Airbus product. to give the actual go-ahead.

Confi guration Optimisation of Next Generation Aircraft (CONGA) Airbus with ARA, Rolls-Royce, Eurostep, MSC Software and Cranfi eld University The European connection An £8·6m project to develop new multi-disciplinary design and integration processes to support the conceptual design and assessment of future aircraft confi gurations The new UK research programmes are operated in entering service beyond 2025, including novel aircraft and powerplant confi gurations a similar fashion to the European Union’s recently that incorporate new technologies. One aim of the project will be to test the properties, concluded Framework Programme 7 (FP7) capabilities and behaviour of potential new wing and aircraft confi gurations to see if they are practical and exclude those designs that prove not to be feasible. and current Horizon 2020 aerospace research programmes, in which many UK companies Advanced Landing Gear Aero-loads and Aero-noise Prediction (ALGAAP) participate. However, some of the EU programmes Airbus with University of Southampton are larger scale than those currently being The objective of ALGAAP is to predict aero-loads and noise from aircraft landing gear administered by the ATI. “The European programmes and doors. One part of the project will use a 1/10th scale aircraft model fi tted with main and nose landing gears featuring movable doors, steering and bogies, to capture are particularly good for large-scale demonstrators,” data using miniature load cells mounted on the model components, in addition to says Oldfi eld. pressure tappings. The second activity will focus on the development of high-precision Another function of the ATI is to promote British computational fl uid dynamics (CFD) landing-gear aero-loads and noise-prediction aerospace in Europe. “Unlike many other European methods using non-steady CDF codes used previously for noise prediction. These models will be validated against a variety of wind-tunnel tests, including particle image countries, the UK did not have a single voice in velocimetry (PIV) testing. Europe,” says Oldfi eld. “Now, with the formation of ATI, we do.”

ROTORCRAFT RESEARCH PROJECT: is constantly changing, as longer-running projects Innovative Aerodynamic Design Solutions for reach the end of their terms and new ones begin. High Performance Tiltrotor Aircraft (HiPerTilt) On 5 June, three additional ATI projects were AgustaWestland with University of Liverpool

announced by Government Ministers Nick Clegg AgustaWestland and University of Bristol and Vince Cable at the opening of a new £100m HiPerTilt will develop aerodynamic Rolls-Royce factory. Led by Rolls-Royce, in models, processes, techniques and new designs integral conjunction with the Advanced Manufacturing to the development of Research Centre (AMRC) in Sheffi eld, next generation tilt- Advanced Forming Research Centre in Glasgow, rotorcraft. The technical Manufacturing Technology Centre in Coventry, and programme will focus on the the Universities of Birmingham, Nottingham, Oxford development and validation of aerodynamic numerical tools and Sheffi eld, the new £45m projects will look at including panel methods and CFD accounting for full aircraft new technology for low-carbon aircraft engines, confi gurations with rotor interaction modelling and design, coupled fl ow interaction including lightweight composite materials and with structures, aero-acoustics modelling and design optimisation. The plan of work changing parts of the engine design to increase includes optimisation of both rotor and airframe, wind-tunnel testing, the integration of aero-acoustic prediction capability as well as study into semi-active and active effi ciency and reduce manufacturing time. control technologies.

22 AEROSPACE / JULY 2014 Intellectual property

Who benefi ts from the research? “The participants,” Rolls-Royce says Oldfi eld. All the companies and other organisations involved in a project have the intellectual property (IP) rights to the research. The universities can publish the results of a project and manufacturers are free to develop or apply the new technology as they wish. There are no limits to where the research is used.”

Looking to the future Rolls-Royce Advance engine design cutaway. The ATI is currently in a state of fl ux as it replaces its initial Working Group with a new board. “The aim is to make the ATI more of an independent body,” explains Oldfi eld. “Participants in the ATI programmes will have the opportunity to apply PROPULSION RESEARCH PROJECTS: for places on the new board which will have a Whole Aircraft Multidisciplinary Noise Design System (HARMONY) set number of representatives from government, Rolls-Royce with Airbus, Bombardier, University of Southampton and University of industry and academia. The most important part of Cambridge the Aerospace Growth Partnership name is Growth. An aeroacoustic modelling project, HARMONY will use high-fi delity measured data The international aerospace industry is a very to provide unsteady fl ow and aeroacoustic prediction capabilities for key airframe and competitive market place and we need to attract propulsion noise sources associated with future concepts for entry into service in 2020 and beyond. new UK players to grow our market share.” Turbo-Machinery Flow and Turbulence (TuFT) Rolls-Royce with University of Cambridge TuFT is focusing on more accurate modelling and understanding of turbo-machinery fl ow for the design of high performance, low emission future engines with larger, lower pressure ratio fans and smaller higher pressure ratio core components.

Novel Aerodynamic Design & Integration Technologies (NADIT) Rolls-Royce with University of Cambridge, Loughborough University, Imperial College and Cranfi eld University This programme develops several novel design concepts for fans, compressors and combustors which have the potential to provide signifi cant improvements in engine performance. The latest experimental and computational techniques will also be used to improve the way individual engine sub-systems are integrated, to produce a system-optimised engine design.

The Integrated Turboprops Propulsion System Project (ITPS) Dowty Propellers with University of Liverpool and ARA Led by large composite propeller manufacturer Dowty Propellers, ITPS will use advanced analysis tools and wind-tunnel tests to develop a number of aerodynamic and acoustic innovations designed to decrease noise and improve the effi ciency of GKN turboprop aircraft. GKN Aerospace OOA Composite Processing Phase II wing box structure 2. TESTING CAPABILITIES RESEARCH PROJECTS:

ARA Research & Development Projects (ARA R&D) SUPERSONICS & ARA HYPERSONICS RESEARCH A study into fundamental aerodynamic aspects and capability enhancements, including hybrid laminar-fl ow control, aircraft loads alleviation, power plant integration and cavity PROJECT: fl ows aerodynamics and aeroacoustics.

Geometry Handling and Integration (GHandl) ARA Capital Equipment Projects (ARA CE) MBDA with Airbus, ARA, BAE Systems, Rolls-Royce, ARA Transcendata Europe and Altran UK. Infrastructure upgrades including transonic wind tunnel main control system, drive This project will look at the properties affecting the system, acoustic measurement, computing system capacity upgrade and machinery for aerodynamic performance of novel airframe shapes, model manufacture. including both design and performance.

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2014 23 DEFENCE AW159 Wildcat AgustaWestland

Wild about the cat

RICHARD GARDNER reports from Yeovil on the introduction of the latest helicopter to join the UK Services — the AgustaWestland AW159 Wildcat.

f it looks like a Lynx, it must be a Lynx — Customised cats right? No, wrong. The Lynx has certainly been around for a long time, with a combat record Originally, the MoD’s intention had been to have that includes the Falklands War, two Gulf Wars a completely common Army/Navy Wildcat fl eet and Afghanistan, plus many other confl icts with the ability to select different equipment fi ts as Iand operations. In fact, it is still the most widely used required, on an almost ‘plug and go’ basis. In reality, multi-role shipboard helicopter with around 500 this aim has matured somewhat so that while there built, in service with 15 nations, and the naval Super is a huge step-up in commonality compared to the Lynx 300 remains in production. But the AW159 is very different versions of previous generations of far from just an upgraded Lynx — it is a new 21st Lynx operated by the Army and Royal Navy, the century helicopter optimised to provide a highly Wildcats now being delivered to these two Services fl exible rotary-wing capability for Army and Navy are fi tted out to meet these customer requirements, operators well into the future. though there is built-in provision to quickly adapt The AW159 is known in the UK Services as a navy helicopter for army use and vice versa. This the Wildcat but there are differences between the will considerably enhance the potential availability helicopters in production for the British Army and Royal of the whole fl eet as both share common cockpits, Navy and those destined for export customers. This avionics, electro-optical and IR sensors, self- THE NEW is down to customer decisions, as the UK Wildcats defence systems and communications. incorporate some components, including the main rotor Some single-service specifi c equipment, such WILDCAT WILL BE and main rotor gearbox, that utilise legacy designs to as search radar and missile pylons, can be fi tted A FORMIDABLE reduce costs, whereas export customers will receive or deleted as required and the task of changing PLATFORM WHEN all-new rotors and gearboxes and a fully digital fl ight the confi guration can be achieved in hours or IT FULLY ENTERS control system and provision for dipping sonar, which days rather than weeks or months. All the Wildcat the Royal Navy has not specifi ed, allocating such ASW helicopters are fully marinised and the blades SERVICE capability to the larger Merlin HM2. can be ‘folded’ for stowage or transport, allowing

24 AEROSPACE / JULY 2014 maximum deployment fl exibility (in C-17 aircraft or pirate boats or even helicopters and UAVs, is being fl ying in route stages). developed by Thales and will be carried in up to four missile-launch containers, each containing fi ve

Engines and airframes missiles. All these new weapons will be launched AgustaWestland from multi-use weapons pylons fi tted below the The Wildcat’s engines are LHTEC CTS800s which main cabin doors on both sides of the UK naval deliver a continuous 1,281shp and incorporate Wildcat. 32 experience gained from use in the naval Super Lynx The development, integration and fl ight Deliveries and army Lynx AH9a. High power and reliability in testing of these new weapons will require a new extreme conditions are hallmarks of these rugged MoD programme and, in March this year, it was powerplants, and aboard the AW159 Wildcat are announced that the £500m investment in the two 28 Total Royal Navy fi tted with upward pointing low infra-red signature missiles will go ahead as part of a wider Anglo- orders exhausts for added protection against surface French co-operative agreement. Export AW159s launched missile attack. An all-new tail rotor is fi tted, will be capable of carrying other customer-specifi ed along with its new gearbox, actuator and controls weapons, such as the Israeli-built Spike air-to- 34 and offers an extended envelope. surface missile, already selected by South Korea. Total British Army The Wildcat airframe is manufactured at orders Yeovil by GKN Aerospace and incorporates Delivery schedule advanced manufacturing techniques that include more monolithic machining, greatly reducing The UK Wildcat orders are now halfway through the 8 South Korea export the number of riveted components, providing a delivery schedule, with 32 delivered (20 AH1s for orders stronger structure that is lighter while offering the Army and 12 HMA2s for the Royal Navy). The more protection against corrosion in a salt-laden Army is destined to receive 34 with 28 going to the operating environment. The low set tail-plane Fleet Air Arm. There have been no major issues in improves handling and performance and there the programme, which has gone extremely smoothly, is growth to 6,250kg embedded in the airframe thanks in no small measure to the fact that the design, with a 12,000 hours service life. Much effort has gone into giving the new helicopter greater survivability through design Wildcat avionic and mission equipment measures that include larger crew doors to improve Glass cockpit Navigation emergency egress, a strengthened undercarriage Four primary GE 10x8in displays Garmin civil navigation aids with optimised energy absorption, a strengthened Two integrated standby instrument Thales secure communications under-fl oor structure with crashworthy crew and system displays BAE Systems’ IFF identifi cation system troop seats, and a new crashworthy fl oatation GE health and usage monitoring and automatic fl ight control system system. In terms of the threat environment, the UK system Wildcat has the latest Selex radar/missile warner Integrated central warning system with Mission system sensors offering all-round protection, localised an audio generator Selex defensive aids suite armour, wire strike cutters, Selex chaff and fl are Thales aircraft management system 360˚ active E-scan radar dispensers, a Darchem IR suppression system and Wescam MX-15 electro-optical sensor a faceted tail structure to reduce the aircraft’s radar GD tactical processor Optional laser target designator and cross-section. - generates the tactical picture from the range fi nder mission system data GD weapons and stores management - management of mission sensors and system Mission equipment video distribution Mission planning system and - a digital map associated datalinks Versatility is the key regarding the Wildcat’s avionic - mission recording function Data modem and mission equipment (see panel on right). The core weapons fi t on the UK Wildcats comprises either a standard 7·62mm GPMG installation or a 12·7mm heavy machine gun (both types can be fi tted to be fi red from either side of the fuselage). AgustaWestland The naval Wildcat will be able to carry the Stingray torpedo or a depth charge, the Sea Skua, which is today’s anti-ship missile of choice on the Royal Navy’s Lynx, is destined to be replaced on the Wildcat by the new future air-to-surface guided weapon (heavy) being developed by MBDA. A new lightweight guided weapon, FASGW (L), for use against small fast moving targets, including

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design is fully digitised as a 3D product with no 2D 2010, fi rst fl ight of the fi rst production aircraft in drawings. Some 1,000 hours of fl ight testing has April 2011 with the initial Certifi cate of Design been undertaken using three trials aircraft, which issued in December of 2011. The fi rst Army aircraft will be modifi ed to bring them up to full delivery was delivered in April 2012 and fi rst Navy aircraft standard in due course. in January 2013. Navy training development The scope of the design and manufacturing started in February 2013. The handover of the new contract between MoD and AgustaWestland Training Centre building took place in March 2013. included proof of compliance against 1,500 The training courses vary for the two Services but contracted specifi cation points and certifi cation there is much common overlap. The AAC course underwriting the aircraft in terms of fl ight envelope, prepares pilots, co-pilots, rearcrew, technicians safety and airworthiness, with support enablers and groundcrew. The RN course prepares pilots, such as technical publications, support and test observers, rearcrew and maintainers. In addition equipment and IP spares, together with training there is ab-initio, conversion, refresher and pre- enablers (of which more later) and, in addition, deployment training. to the production and delivery of 62 aircraft, the The MoD has requested an accelerated company committed to helicopter delivery programme which providing Wildcat AgustaWestland is endeavouring to achieve. A total In-Service of 13 Wildcats are due this year for the UK Services Support and and 18, up from 15, should be delivered next year. Training The in-service date for the Army is August 2014 and

January 2015 for the Royal Navy. The fi nal UK aircraft is due to be delivered in August 2016.

Testing

Traditionally, No 700 Naval Air Squadron AgustaWestland

(WIST). The WIST contract was awarded in December 2011 valued at £260m and around 24 is the evaluation squadron within the Fleet Air Arm full-time AW personnel are working at Yeovilton tasked with working up new aircraft types prior to and will ramp up in numbers as aircraft deliveries entering full operational service. No 700W NAS 1,000 progress. As part of the Training Capital Equipment was formed on 14 May 2009 at RN Air Station Hours of fl ight tests investment at Yeovilton, Indra of Madrid, has Yeovilton, alias HMS Heron, and subsequently supplied two full-motion simulators, and AW has been busy working to optimise operating 1,500 supplied one fi xed training device and one crew procedures and now tactical development of the Proof of compliance part trainer. The levels of realism achieved on new Wildcat. This follows from the testing phase specifi cation points the sims is widely praised and the maintenance carried out by the Combined Test Team of military training equipment has been supplied by Pennant of and industry pilots at AgustaWestland who initially Cheltenham. concentrated on proving the safety and compliance £260m Key contract milestones to date have included of the aircraft before delivery. No 700W NAS has Value of Wildcat the completion of the Critical Design Reviews in been responsible for converting former Lynx aircrew In-Service Support July 2009, fi rst fl ight of a fl ight trials aircraft in on to the Wildcat and these will provide the core of and Training contract November 2009, production build start in July personnel to set up the Operational Conversion Unit

26 AEROSPACE / JULY 2014 that will stand up at Yeovilton early next year. Underlining the commonality of the UK army and navy Wildcats, and the benefi ts fl owing from the associated economies of scale in training for and supporting the type, the Army Air Corps (AAC) Wildcat fl eet will increase over the next three years as aircraft join No 1 Regiment AAC and No 652 (Wildcat Fielding) Squadron AAC. By the time this transition is complete, the AAC Aviation Reconnaissance Force will comprise 600 Army personnel at Yeovilton, living and working alongside the Royal Navy’s own Wildcat personnel. Some RN AgustaWestland Wildcats will remain at their home base for training Royal Navy Wildcat on deck. while other fl ights will be detached aboard RN ships replacing the current Lynx fl eet. While the Wildcat will spend most of its time operating from frigates and destroyers, it will also tactical processor can overlay appropriate data, such be required to fl y from larger ships such as aircraft as a radar picture over the digital map or a selected carriers, assault ships and auxiliary supply ships area for surveillance or underwater investigation as

and helicopter carriers, so extensive evaluation needed. In the export market, where there is a long- AgustaWestland trials have been undertaken on the aviation training term requirement to replace hundreds of existing ship RFA Argus, which also has a wartime role as maritime helicopter assets, the AW159 offers a lot a hospital ship and helicopter carrier. Maintainer of capability in a small footprint, able to use small teams as well as aircrew from No 700W Squadron, ship decks and hangars denied to larger helicopters with participation from experts from MoD, industry with equivalent anti-submarine and anti-surface and QinetiQ, were engaged over a fi ve-week period warfare systems. last year at sea to test how the new helicopter Because of the Lynx small ship legacy overseas performs in different situations and weather operators will be familiar with many AW159 conditions, addressing such issues as recovering features, and there are some shared components, the aircraft on to a rolling deck, lashing it and such as the highly effective harpoon anchoring 3m moving it, folding and spreading the rotors, stowing system and dipping sonar, but the aircraft is built Fuselage width it in restricted hangar accommodation and refuelling differently and has incorporated many operator- it as well as maintaining it. requested improvements, such as the larger crew doors and a new avionics hatch that allows for 12·8m Operation easier stand-up equipment bay checking and Rotor blades access. The company listened to the maintainers turning diameter The collected data and performance records will as well as the aircrews, and it shows. The open greatly assist the future operation of the Wildcat systems architecture is very fl exible in coverage in varied global climatic conditions and different and enjoys great potential for future growth. The 13·5m Fuselage length sea states. As today, future deployments will also crew trackball makes over-laid sensor data easy see Army helicopters fl ying from RN ships and to display as required and it can be recorded and RN helicopters operating from land bases, as has replayed in fl ight as well as after a sortie. The sonics 15·24m become routine in Afghanistan and in the Gulf, as and sonar displays are also similar to those on much Length including well as during the Libya operations. larger more complex helicopter platforms, keeping rotor blades Les Cameron is the AW Head of Product costs affordable while raising performance to new Marketing, Specialised Aircraft, and pointed out that levels. the new Wildcat will be a formidable platform when Despite all the advances in sensors, equipment it fully enters service. It will be able to carry out and weapons carried, the new AW159 Wildcat more missions faster than before and will be highly has the same endurance and equivalent fuel suitable for littoral or blue water operations. The consumption that made the earlier Lynx helicopters mission system is extremely sophisticated for such so attractive, and thanks to the more powerful but a compact helicopter and the tactical processor effi cient new engines, there is a wide margin for has a high degree of automation, for such needs as safety and tackling the unexpected in the worst target identifi cation, with the option of using a very conditions. advanced but lightweight radar or a more covert South Korea has decided to take an initial eight high resolution electro-optical/forward-looking IR navy confi gured aircraft and AgustaWestland is now sensor. Combined with a stealthier airframe, the very active promoting its latest product against the Wildcat can exploit its reduced radar profi le. The backdrop of a very satisfi ed UK launch customer.

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2014 27 Jean Botti Chief Technical Offi cer, Airbus Group Horizons Making science fiction into science fact: Airbus Group’s Chief Technical Officer, DR JEAN BOTTI, explains how Airbus Group Airbus Group Innovations is working towards delivering technologies which bring meaningful benefits to society.

ur vision is to promote innovation this period have been spectacular, with the idea of and technologies that will change commercial fl ight as incredible to someone in the our industry, surpass our customers’ 1850s as the ideas of science fi ction are to many of Oexpectations and improve people’s us today. lives. For visionaries like Arthur C Clarke, Isaac Asimov and Robert A Heinlein, this rapid rate of The opportunity progress demonstrated that there were plausible foundations for the technologies of the future At Airbus Group, we believe that, through imagined in their work. No wonder that, for those innovation and out-of-the-box thinking, we have the of us who grew up in this era of inventors and opportunity to be a global leader in technological visionaries, and looked forward to a 21st century advances, driving new thinking and know-how which in which supersonic fl ights, that circumnavigate contributes to a better environment, reduce reliance the globe in a few of hours, would deliver us to on fossil fuels, ensure mobility for generations and space elevators on our way to the Moon, today’s strive to deliver benefi ts to society as a whole. reality might look prosaic and the pace of scientifi c progress might seem to have ground to a halt. Our inspiration — science fi ction And yet, while they seem fantastical to many, into science fact and indeed many are fantastical, the technologies imagined by Clarke, et al are an inspiration for us The 20th and early 21st centuries have been a time here at Airbus Group Innovations, as we strive to of unparalleled technological progress, driven by make what was thought technically impossible the rapid increase in our understanding of scientifi c possible and to deliver products which have a and manufacturing technologies. The innovations of meaningful impact for our customers and the world

Airbus Group is bringing zero-carbon electric fl ight to GA with the E-Fan. Airbus Group Innovations R&D locations worldwide 15 Employees

Airbus Group 800

28 AEROSPACE / JULY 2014 WE BELIEVE THAT THE PRODUCTS OF OUR RESEARCH WILL BENEFIT SOCIETY, REDUCING DEPENDENCE ON FOSSIL FUELS AND In May, Airbus Group conducted drop tests HELPING of a scaled spaceplane demonstrator from a helicopter over the South China Sea. TO LOWER CARBON Airbus Group EMISSIONS at large. It is our commitment to making these E-Thrust project, one of the aims of which is to help innovations a reality which makes Airbus Group us better understand electric propulsion. Innovations not just visionaries but also architects of Through projects such as the E-Fan and future technological advancement. E-Thrust, we believe that Airbus Group will provide While many of the concepts of science a long-term model for civil aviation which will reduce fi ction are still beyond modern technological and fossil fuel usage and carbon emissions, therefore commercial limits, they have also prophesied a securing mobility for future generations, at a time future where society is no longer so reliant on fossil when these innovations are most needed. fuels to meet its transport requirements. At Airbus Group our commitment to the possibility of electric Small improvements, big results fl ight is making this vision a reality. However, at Airbus Group Innovations we The challenge recognise that it is not only the development of major initiatives, like energy and propulsion The reduction of carbon emissions and also the technology, which have the potential to make a eventual shortage of gas and oil reserves are some signifi cant impact. This is why our team of over of the key challenges facing modern society, and 800 people, based at 15 sites worldwide, research our ability to overcome these issues will be major both technologies that are completely new and determiners of our civilisation’s mobility in the future. those which improve on former processes and Imagine you are sitting in a laboratory at Airbus materials. Some of these improvements are small Group Innovations in 2012 tasked with building in themselves but, when combined with others, an aircraft that is 100% powered by electricity. can deliver big results. As a commercial innovator While many people have dreamed of this, few have we must recognise that not all developments can thought it practicable or commercial. be as revolutionary as those foreseen by Clarke, And yet, just 18 months later, in March 2014, Asimov and Heinlein, as we also look for the smaller Airbus Group’s DeltaN the fi rst fully electric training aircraft constructed advances which have the possibility to deliver FS friction stir welding from composite materials, the E-Fan, completed its meaningful progress. technology has been maiden fl ight; the result of hard work, persistence Our research covers a broad range of licensed to other users. and intelligent innovation (see ‘It’s Electrifying’, disciplines and materials from composites, metal AEROSPACE, June 2014). This aircraft is the and surface technology to mechatronics and IT foundation upon which our vision of silent, low- topics. It is the work on these projects which can emission electric fl ight rests. bring more immediate advances to our production The present two-seater demonstrator is due to and development processes, our products and, undergo further development until 2017, at which potentially, our daily lives. An example is the time it will go into production. Additionally, since development of our mixed reality application 2012, we have been working with Rolls-Royce on software, also known as ‘Factory of the Future’, a hybrid electric distributed propulsion system, the which simplifi es manufacturing processes by Airbus Group

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2014 29 Jean Botti Chief Technical Offi cer, Airbus Group

overlaying real imagery with the design plans and clearly and quickly identifi es any discrepancies and records them. As Chief Technical Offi cer of Airbus Group, it is part of my role to balance our ambition for achieving huge transformational change in products and manufacturing effi ciency with the practicalities of challenging budgets and cost control. We, therefore, have a rigorous assessment process for vetting our research and development programmes for their potential costs and benefi ts in both the short and longer terms. This occasionally makes for diffi cult decisions but, ultimately, we are a commercial business. Even in the face of the fascinating world of aviation and space, where engineers’ imagination The ‘Factory of the Future’ uses augmented reality to merge manufacturing can truly fl y, it is my job, nevertheless, to keep our and production with digital CAD feet on the ground and help deliver value to our blueprints.

shareholders. Airbus Group

Co-operation Ottobrunn site near Munich, which will mark the launch of joint research projects and is the start of We recognise that we also have a duty to allow networked research in the fi elds of aerospace and technologies which have been developed by Airbus security. Together with partners from the fi elds of Combining Group Innovations to be applied to sectors and uses science and industry, research is being carried out E-Thrust beyond our own needs, helping to deliver advances at the Ludwig Bölkow Campus on projects such as distributed to broader industries and the wider community. We producing bio-kerosene from algae. For this project, currently provide other companies with both support Airbus Group, in co-operation with the federal state propulsion and expertise from our innovations in technologies, of Bavaria, is building an algae technical centre, a technology with including friction stir welding and the network large-scale laboratory for growing algae, at a cost E-Fan electric technology Avionics Full Duplex Switched Ethernet of over €10m. Furthermore, students will have the fl ight could (AFDX), a communication protocol for aircraft. opportunity to pursue degrees in new aerospace These licencing agreements underline the idea courses at the campus. make for a zero- that innovation and research are not just the result emission regional of bright minds and people with vision; they are also Our belief airliner. the result of co-operation and communication. It is with this in mind, that Airbus Group is Based on an aspiration to make what was thought building the Ludwig Bölkow Campus, at the technologically impossible possible, we believe that the products of our research will benefi t society, reducing dependence on fossil fuels and helping to lower carbon emissions. All of the developments that we at Airbus Group Innovations have worked on, and are still working on, are only possible thanks to people with curiosity and vision. It is the combination of technology and knowledge which enables us to provide others with an advantage and creates opportunities to learn from one another. Because of this, we believe, Airbus Group is working to deliver technological improvements which enhance society.

Our future

Now imagine that you are sitting in an aircraft, like the E-Fan, an aircraft on which you are not disturbed by engine noise, an aircraft which is fully electric and an aircraft which has a signifi cantly lower carbon footprint than even the most effi cient aircraft of today. We at Airbus Group are working to make what was once science fi ction, science fact. Airbus Group

30 AEROSPACE / JULY 2014 No. 4 Hamilton Place – ‘Chef’s Choice’ DDR

No. 4 Hamilton Place is offering a new ‘Chef’s Choice’ DDR package for the rest of 2014. The facilities and location (Mayfair) of No. 4 make it the perfect venue for a central London conference. The package includes:

• The Bill Boeing Lecture Theatre & The Marshall of Cambridge Room & Foyer • A dedicated Event Manager and AV technician • A projector, screen and lectern Chef’s • Four table top and two handheld microphones Choice DDR • Three tea and coffee breaks • A ‘Chef’s Choice’ two-course buffet lunch from * Let our dedicated team take care of your event requirements. £60 +VAT For more information visit www.4hp.org.uk or contact the Venue Team on 020 7670 4314 or [email protected] | No. 4 Hamilton Place, London W1J 7BQ

*For over 100 delegates. WEAPON SYSTEMS Paveway IV evolution More bangS for your buck The RAF’s freefall weapon of choice, the Raytheon Paveway IV precision guided bomb is set to acquire new capabilities in a spiral development plan. TIM ROBINSON reports.

n the past 15 years or so, the demand for Paveway IV and SPEAR precision weapons from air forces around the world has intensifi ed. ‘Wars of choice’ One weapon now on a spiral upgrade development Iin Iraq, Afghanistan and Libya have driven path to do just this is Raytheon’s Paveway IV development of highly accurate and extremely PGB. Introduced into service in 2008, the 500lb versatile weapons — able to conduct single pinpoint Paveway IV is now the RAF’s freefall precision strikes which previously might have required weapon of choice, equipping the Tornado GR4. Full multiple bombs or even sorties to achieve the same clearance for the weapon on all six hardpoints for result. the Eurofi ghter Typhoon is also expected shortly Raytheon UK As well as versatility, there are now other drivers — with weapon certifi cation data submitted to for air forces. High-value targets may be moving. BAE Systems. The PIV is also set to become one The target may be buried deep underground in of the fi rst UK weapons to be integrated on the bunkers. The targets may be mixed with civilian Lockheed Martin F-35. Additionally, only earlier this populations and/or in urban areas — requiring year, Raytheon UK secured the fi rst international weapons able to deliver low collateral ‘effects’ customer for the PIV which, although the company Another driver is the proliferation of low-cost declines to identify, is widely believed to be Saudi GPS jamming devices — which attempt to ‘spoof’ Arabia. Press reports too have indicated that the these precision weapons away from their intended RAF’s Reaper UAV may be another potential targets. platform. Finally there is a larger overriding driver — The Paveway IV, used operationally in Libya that of cost. With constrained budgets and costs and Afghanistan confl icts, features dual laser/ of integrating a brand new weapon (including GPS guidance, giving fl exibility in engaging targets, carriage tests, drop tests, live fi re tests, expanding whatever the weather. This represents a major jump the release envelope, and compatibility with the in UK capability since the Balkan confl icts of the aircraft’s avionics) any weapon introduced into 1990s, when clouds thwarted NATO laser-guided service must be designed with ‘future proofi ng’ in bombing. Over 4,000 PIVs have been delivered to mind — to be able to incorporate new capabilities the UK MoD to date. with the minimum of cost and effort. The PIV digital link with the aircraft also allows

The PIV is expected to achieve full clearance with the Eurofi ghter shortly. BAE Systems

38 AEROSPACE / JUNE 2014 crews maximum fl exibility in programming the existing outer mould line and weight of the standard weapon in-fl ight for different ‘effects’ — allowing PIV – allowing minimal integration changes and them to choose for example impact angles, fl ight thus keeping costs low. Says Terence (T J) Marsden, directions and whether the bomb explodes on Raytheon UK’s Chief Engineer for Weapon Systems: WE AS impact, airbursts, or buries itself in the ground “Our biggest design concerns are it has to be the ENGINEERS before detonating. same mass, centre-of-gravity and outer form factor Like others in the Paveway family, the weapon as a current Paveway IV warhead, so that it has no HAVE TO BE itself is modular, with the parts (warhead, nose/ aircraft integration implications”. CAUTIOUS tail surfaces and ‘hardback’ interface section) held Furthermore, the modular nature of PIV will OF TRYING as ‘kits’ and only assembled the day before being mean that the RAF will, in the future, be able to ‘mix used. However, ‘smart’ as the PIV is already, it is set and match’ stocks of these varied warheads (500lb TO DESIGN to get new capabilities under the UK MoD’s guided standard/low collateral/penetrator) depending on TOO MUCH weapon SPEAR (Selective Precision Effects At the nature of targets in theatre, without duplicating CAPABILITY AND Range) Cap 1 spiral development path. tail/seeker/hardback kits — keeping inventories low MAKE THINGS Block 1 of this SPEAR Cap 1 is a low-collateral and tailored to the confl ict situation and boosting damage weapon, for targets in urban and complex interoperability. The anti-GPS jammer option, for UNAFFORDABLE. targeting environments. A new low-yield warhead, example, might only be needed in the early days of T J Marsden developed with input from QinetiQ, has already any confl ict until enemy jamming is neutralised. Chief Engineer for Weapon been live tested on the ground in a contained blast Systems, area after extensive computer modelling. This live Further improvements? Raytheon UK warhead test will be used to validate and refi ne the mathematical hydrocode explosive fragment model. Beyond SPEAR Cap 1, there may be other Meanwhile, a Block 2 variant also under expansions in the Paveway IV's capability. An development will allow the PIV to defeat buried extended range variant might be one upgrade, and hardened targets like underground bunkers, or ‘alternative non-kinetic effect’ (directed giving the 500lb weapon a similar punch to larger energy) weapon another. Further developments Paveway bombs. The deep penetrator version uses in warheads may allow pilots to ‘dial-a-yield’ a hardened core with a discarding shroud, much themselves in-fl ight, switching between variable like a tank’s sabot round, to keep the original outer levels of destructive warheads — to allow mould shape of the weapon. Unlike a tank round, maximum fl exibility for dynamic targeting. Says the shroud separates on impact with the target, T J Marsden: “All of those are potentials and allowing the steel core to penetrate deep into the are receiving Raytheon internal private venture structure or ground. funding but are currently at low TRLs (technology Thirdly, Raytheon UK is working on new digital readiness levels).” seeker outside of the offi cial SPEAR categories, which will upgrade the Paveway IV ‘eyes’ with a Summary wider off-boresight fi eld of view and proportional navigation — giving the weapon increased In conclusion, the SPEAR Cap 1 development capabilities against targets moving as fast as of Paveway IV is on track to deliver ‘maximum 70mph. Today for a fast-moving target, the aircrew bang for a buck’ for the UK MoD — by evolving have to ‘lead’ the laser tracker on the moving vehicle multiple versions of the weapon, with minimal fresh to guide the bomb to hit. With the new digital seeker, integration work needed. The evolved weapon is set this leading will be computed by the weapon itself, to become a mainstay air-to-surface weapon for UK allowing the pilot to use the targeting pod to lock Typhoon and F-35 — and may even, (because of the Below: Computer modelling and track the moving target automatically to get a same form factor), see some service on Tornados in of low-collateral warhead. direct hit. the twilight of their career. Finally, Raytheon is also looking to incorporate These SPEAR developments may also prove its active anti-GPS jamming technology into the PIV attractive to export customers. While the fi rst as an option for all variants. With satellite navigation ‘international customer’ could potentially be jamming technology proliferating, this will keep the interested in these upgrades for its Typhoons, PIV relevant in any future contested battlespace. integration with the UK’s F-35B could also open This will come as an installable ‘kit’ or module. up a new future market for Lightning II operators All these different options, says Raytheon UK, looking for the ultimate in free-fall weapon could be ready by “2018 or earlier” — depending on versatility. the MoD’s requirements and urgency. Despite these leaps in this weapons roles, Raytheon UK’s chief engineer Marsden warns of One bomb — many missions gold-plated solutions: “We as engineers have to be cautious of trying to design too much capability and However, perhaps the most important factor in make things unaffordable. In today’s defence market these new variants of the PIV is that they keep the affordability is as much a driver as capability.” Raytheon UK

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2014 33 SPACEFLIGHT Dr Ellen Stofan, NASA NASA’s path to MARS On 14 May the Royal Aeronautical Society Space Group hosted NASA’s Chief Scientist, DR ELLEN STOFAN, to give a lecture on NASA’s path to Mars. We sat down with her to ask about human spacefl ight and exploration of the Solar System.

AEROSPACE: Your lecture was on the path to outside the protective radiation belts produced by Mars. Why aren’t we there already after long- our magnetic fi eld that send high-energy particles duration spacefl ight and the 1960’s Apollo away from Earth. We know they do damage to missions? humans and we can take on some risk but, at what point do you say this risk is too high? Therefore, ES: I think because, after the end of the Apollo one of the things we have been doing over the programme, there was a huge focus on capabilities past 10-15 years is an awful lot of research into that would get us to the point of exploring low the effects of that radiation; how much would the Earth orbit (LEO). So, for a long time that has dose actually be and what would be the potential been NASA’s focus — the development of the effects? So that is a huge challenge. The other International Space Station (ISS) which was challenge frankly is the entry, descent and landing completed a few years ago and the development on Mars. The very thin Martian atmosphere makes and then long-use of the Shuttle programme as you go very quickly from the top of the atmosphere

part of the construction of the ISS. The ISS really to the surface and you have to slow yourself down NASA has been this wonderful, amazing feat that’s really to basically near zero, because you want to gently Dr Ellen Stofan, Chief brought countries together, and enabled valuable drop on the surface, not smash into it. How you do Scientist, NASA. research in the microgravity environment. That that is a huge technological challenge that we have is critical for the path to Mars. It’s just been a bit a lot of work to do. Again, this isn’t a US problem, it’s slow, because of the resources we have and the an international challenge. That’s exciting because, technology steps we have to make. In the interim, when you invest in technology and engineering, we have been exploring Mars, understanding Mars’ you’re investing in those skills on Earth that atmosphere, learning more about the surface, potentially have other applications. focusing down on the science questions of what it is that we want to be able to do on Mars and where Q: A manned Mars mission would be extremely are the best places to go. So we’ve been building complex and expensive. Do you see the fi rst up this huge body of knowledge over the past 30 mission being national, international or even years on Mars as a place, while focusing on getting a private expedition? And who would be your past some of these hurdles in LEO. Only now are we preferred partners to work with? getting to a point where we can say ‘OK, let’s take that next step — let’s move humans beyond Earth ES: The exciting thing about the path to Mars is that orbit’. it is already a hugely international effort. Every Mars science mission we do is international, whether it Q: What do you think would be the biggest is led by ESA or by NASA. There’s a booklet on the challenge for a manned Mars mission? path to Mars that’s been produced called the ‘Global Exploration Roadmap’ that you can download as a ES: The two big challenges we have right now are pdf and contributions were made to it from nations the radiation environment that astronauts will be from all over the world. So NASA is already working subjected to between Earth and Mars once you get closely with our international partners in trying to

34 AEROSPACE / JULY 2014 NASA NASA

which we would not have if you NASA plans an are on a path to Mars. You can’t change your mind and come back. asteroid re-direct mission before embarking on Q: You talked very passionately about putting geologists and an expedition to scientists on the surface of Mars. Mars. How do you see the balance between manned and robotic exploration of space? Is it possible to inspire the next generation just with rovers?

ES: I don’t think so. I think you need humans down on the surface. It’s not that the public isn’t interested develop in the scientifi c results from Curiosity but, frankly, roles and I think the thing they found the most interesting responsibilities. was the entry, descent and landing. That was the We are eager to part where people were involved and about were work with anybody who is passionate and excited. I think that’s what gets interested in coming along. Certainly people engaged and excited science technology the major space agencies will be players in and mathematics. That’s what engages kids – when that. What is really exciting is that you have nations they see you doing bold, exciting things. People like like South Korea, India (which has a very vigorous peril, people like excitement. That’s what the human space programme) and countries that have smaller programme gives us — it gives us that best side of space programmes, such as in South America, also human nature, out there pushing the boundaries, interested. I think that is great because, the more exploring and discovering. I think that inspirational you get people excited by getting involved in these side which is not the only reason we go to Mars projects, the more STEM (Science, Technology, but, I think, is one of the reasons we go and it’s Engineering and Mathematics) investment we have an important part. So many people were inspired in economies across the world, the better off we are by Apollo to go into the science and engineering all going to be in the long-run. technology fi eld. I can’t tell you how many people of my age, to whom Apollo was truly an inspiration, Q: If the goal is to get to Mars — why is the an entire generation of people in the STEM fi elds plan to go to the asteroids fi rst? Why not go right now. To me, every time we launch a rocket at directly? NASA, every time we get a great event going on the ISS which gets some good press coverage, ES: We really don’t have the capabilities to go such as a dramatic fi x of some system, people pay direct and it would be incredibly risky. We’re going attention. That kind of bold thing that we as humans to take on risk to some extent — but to go direct are capable of doing is what inspires the next to Mars — into that descent and landing, into that generation. That’s an important piece of what we do. radiation environment, when it’s seven months to THAT’S WHAT get there, and seven months back and you have Q: On STEM education — are you worried that THE HUMAN to spend some amount of time there. We are not NASA may face a shortage of bright engineers PROGRAMME ready to subject any human to that risk. So, doing it — just at that critical point when we might be in a logical step-wise fashion, where you can learn going beyond Earth orbit to Mars and further? GIVES US — IT and adjust your plans as you go is clearly the next GIVES US THAT step in terms of risk mitigation. Let’s go operate ES: I think the STEM pipeline and going into STEM BEST SIDE in the lunar environment. Let’s have astronauts fi elds is a worldwide issue. It is something that I am OF HUMAN testing out skills they need for that Mars mission. concerned about. In terms of girls, can we get girls The mission we’ve developed, the asteroid re-direct more interested in participating in STEM fi elds? NATURE, mission, where we bring asteroid materials close The problem is, with all the current challenges OUT THERE to the Moon and have astronauts work on them in we face, from climate change on the severe end PUSHING THE that environment, tests out a lot of capabilities that to the challenge of sending humans to Mars, we BOUNDARIES, we need but does it in an environment that is only need diverse points of view from people of diverse a few days away from Earth. So, if things go wrong, backgrounds and countries. We really need to EXPLORING as we are developing these capabilities, we have engage the full population. If we don’t, we’re not AND the ‘safety hatch’ of returning to Earth if we need to, going to get the job done. DISCOVERING

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2014 35 CAREERS Education and skills Working together ROSALIND AZOUZI, RAeS Careers and Education Manager, reports on some of the issues raised at the recent RAeS Education and Skills seminar.

he RAeS Education and Skills Seminar opportunities within it. on 30 April attracted a fantastic mix of Jenny also emphasised that, while aerospace guests including representatives from: is one UK sector which has grown during the aerospace and avionics manufacturers; recession, when it comes to skills and STEM, there higher education (HE) and further are many duplicating activities and a distinct lack of Teducation (FE) providers, Air Cadets, Department co-ordination and long-term view, the latter being for Transport, Aerospace Growth Partnership, essential for aerospace where many projects are Military Aviation Authority, Civil Aviation Authority, long term. International Federation of Airworthiness and not- Simon Witts highlighted similar issues for the WHEN IT COMES for-profi t educational organisations, to name but a aviation sector. While many believe that the two TO SKILLS AND few, representing a cross-section of the aerospace, sectors of aerospace (OEMs, space, defence and aviation and military industries. SME manufacturers) and aviation (airlines, airports, STEM, THERE The Education and Skills Committee Chairman, and ATC), should work more closely together, for ARE MANY Simon Witts, chaired the seminar which kicked off others the two should remain separate in their DUPLICATING with a keynote speech from then RAeS President, approach — an issue which remains unresolved ACTIVITIES AND Jenny Body OBE FRAeS, who highlighted some of and one which the Society’s Education and Skills the key areas that were the focus of her presidency, Committee (ESC) aims to address given the Royal A DISTINCT LACK including technology, skills, STEM (science, Aeronautical Society’s unique footprint across all OF CO-ORDINATION technology, engineering, and maths) and diversity areas of the aerospace and aviation community, AND LONG-TERM — both in terms of gender, disability and socially which includes both employers, education providers disadvantaged so that all those with the right and charitable organisations. He explained that VIEW. skills and knowledge can access the industry and one aspect of the ESC work plan was to help

RAeS Ballantyne 2014 event

36 AEROSPACE / JULY 2014 pull together a list of the different networks and with industry and building more transferable committees working on skills issues for qualifi cations, however, this and other aerospace and aviation in the UK, Europe discussions highlighted the need and internationally, to help pinpoint for a clearer Skills Roadmap. For people in the right direction and example, work on one was be able to share information and begun in the mid-2000s but expertise. no clear outcome is visible The proposed break- to the wider industry. down of the ESC workplan This is in contrast to cover this diversity has with technology for been divided into the which the high-level following four areas which roadmap completed were fi rst proposed in the at the same time was inaugural Education and fundamental in creating Skills Conference of October the funding support 2013: Operators; Facilitators; for the Aerospace Originators; and Enablers and Technology Institute, which the seminar audience seemed has over £2bn funding. broadly supportive of this approach as However, the industry appears a logical and inclusive way to reach key to fi nds it more diffi cult to predict stakeholders. future skills needs, than technology changes. A representative of the Aerospace Growth Partnership mentioned that some of the Vocational training Graduates with the wrong qualifi cations, training skills issues should soon start to be addressed as However, the main focus of the seminar was or skills risk being left UKCES Employer Ownership Pilot 2 funding has to encourage discussion and there was a very behind at the aerospace been agreed which will, in particular, support more lively debate which went to highlight the current career departure gate. apprenticeships in aerospace. Although, in terms of concerns of employers and training providers and engagement with young people, AGP funding is not those working closely both with young people yet confi rmed and is proving more diffi cult to secure and professionals. For example, there was general and perhaps where greater collaboration between agreement that in vocational training, which often aerospace, defence, aviation, space, etc may prove takes place in FE colleges, more delivery of training essential given the limited resources available for by ex-industry professional engineers — particularly non-recruitment related outreach activities. for manufacturing, maintenance and hand skills related courses — was essential. However, one More candidates than vacancies former-industry, now FE lecturer present pointed out that FE lecturer salaries are much lower than other The RAeS Careers and Education Manager teaching professions, particularly highlighted that it was important compared to similar posts in HE, not to dismiss the current making it diffi cult to attract high cohort of students in FE and HE calibre people from industry. courses related to aerospace and aviation, many of whom actually Defence concerns struggle to fi nd employment in the sector. Reasons can include: There was also strong getting a 2:2 in their degree presence from the Military (does this really mean the end Aviation Authority which, one of their career?); poor A Level representative explained, “has results (used even in graduate identifi ed the pressures caused by recruitment selection criteria); the lack of skilled people as one nationality restrictions; lack of The RAeS Careers and of our top risks”. Education Department clear graduate path (e.g. hard-to-fi nd SMEs and There were also discussions about the can help open doors to lack of formal graduate schemes and/or other diffi culties for military personnel to transfer into students, graduates and visible graduate entry roles in airports/airlines/ civilian aerospace and aviation roles when leaving other people seeking SMEs); and lack of relevant work experience employment in the the services, usually due to regulatory restrictions. aerospace and aviation available during their studies. With events such However, the point was made that the retention community. as Careers in Aerospace LIVE (the Society’s of staff in military roles is also important. There annual recruitment fair), being over-subscribed it is some work to address breaking down barriers, is important not to forget this audience who may including the possibility of shared graduate schemes have been encouraged to take these courses on

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2014 37 CAREERS Education and skills

the promise of a skills shortage in the sector and Overall, the audience provided some valuable Ballantyne where some creative solutions to help them transfer feedback and many offers of support to the ESC, 2014 into useful roles may benefi t the industry and avoid and to support the Society’s existing work in future shortages. outreach, careers awareness and employability, Our thanks to Raytheon UK for their sponsorship Another issue highlighted was the lack of as well improving the Society’s responses to of this year’s Ballantyne Department for Education (DfE) presence both Government policy inquiries, etc. event on 23 April. on the ESC and many other external, skills-related Named after aerospace committees, with attendees noting that while Next steps lecturer and former RAeS existing Department for Business, Innovation and Secretary Dr Archibald Morton Ballantyne, the Skills and Department for Transport support was In summary, some of the key issues for further Ballantyne is the RAeS’ welcomed, DfE presence is an essential link in the ESC consideration which were recommended by annual careers awareness chain, given the need to ensure education in schools attendees include: event designed to and colleges remains relevant to career pathways. introduce 14-18 year-olds ● to careers in aerospace Pilot training, and specifi cally the costs, also Greater representation of education and aviation. This came under the spotlight. While there are potential stakeholders (both at Government and provider year’s event theme was cost reductions for trainees and greater employer level) ‘Diversity in Aerospace support being made available through the Higher ● More military focus with senior military and Aviation’ and we had Apprenticeship/BSc (Hons) degree model, the costs representation a fantastic programme ● of speakers, including are, as one attendee said, “still seen as prohibitive for Focus on supporting areas where there is less Felicity Fashade, Head many”. There could even be a move towards higher existing activity of Systems Engineering, training costs for participants in air traffi c control ● Encouraging and fostering dialogue between Raytheon UK, Nicki training and as the audience pointed out, many existing groups both within the Society (such as Crane and Hayley Keeley young people from socially disadvantaged areas are Specialist Groups) and externally, such as AGP of Raytheon UK, Emily ● Walsh and Jessica Gibbs desperate for a career but perceive fi nancial barriers Using the Society publications and relevant of Marshall Aerospace such as these as impossible to overcome and, are events to promote successful programmes and and Defence Group therefore dissuaded right from the outset. projects and encourage knowledge sharing. and Gautam Lewis of Freedom in the Air. The Honourable Company of Air Pilots also provided free pilot aptitude tests and prizes for the audi- ence, and we were also joined by Air Cdre Jayne Millington of the Royal Air Force, B777 Captain Rob Cawthorne and Felix Adedeji of MoD DESG for a lively panel session. Freedom in the Air also made a short video of the event and fi lm of Gau- Bookings are now open for tam’s talk. You can see the exhibitors who wish to take part in videos and in-depth event the RAeS’s annual recruitment fair, report in the Society News Careers in Aerospace LIVE 2014, pages of our website, via which will take place on Friday 7 the following link: http://www.aeroso- November 2014 at No4 Hamilton ciety.com/News/ Place in London and is the only UK Society-News/2216/ fair dedicated to aerospace and Ballantyne-2014-aero- aviation. space-and-aviation-open- ing-up-to-all-sections-of- There are four packages available, all offering special rates for RAeS Corporate Partners. The 2013 the-community event attracted over 800 visitors from across the UK, Europe and even as far afi eld as South Africa. The next Ballantyne event 2014 exhibitors confi rmed so far include: will take place in April •BUSINESS CLASS: CTC Aviation and Rolls-Royce 2015 but look out for de- •PREMIUM ECONOMY: Hutchinson Stop-Choc, GKN Aerospace, Boeing UK, Royal Air Force, tails of our other schools Royal Navy and we are delighted to welcome back Thales. events for young people taking place throughout Visitor registration will open mid Summer 2014. the year, including our For further details and the Exhibitor Brochure, please contact RAeS Careers and Education Cool Aeronautics events Manager, Rosalind Azouzi (E [email protected], T +44 (0)20 7670 4325 for primary schools. | M +44 (0)7824 512941) or visit our website www.aerosociety.com/Careers-Education/ careersinaerospacelive.

38 AEROSPACE / JULY 2014 Enhance your career With the World’s Foremost Aerospace Community

Our Society’s membership is drawn from a diverse range of organisations and fields of expertise including aircrew, air traffic control, systems design, engineering, technicians, military and civilian MoD professionals along with professions that serve the aerospace and aviation industry, such as law, finance, marketing, medicine and recruitment.

We support our members in: ► Promoting the highest possible standards in all aerospace disciplines ► Providing specialist information and acting as a forum for the exchange of ideas ► Playing a leading role in influencing opinion on aerospace matters As a community we continue to add value through: Knowledge & Expertise Our National Aerospace Library is one of the world’s most extensive aerospace libraries and the online catalogue offers quick and easy access to over 100,000 items. Are you already a RAeS member The Society’s 24 Specialist Groups generate a programme of around 25 conferences and 30 evening lectures each year providing you with and are considering upgrading the opportunity to meet, discuss and network to further your continuing your membership? professional development. We have international reach through our To discuss upgrading your membership please Aero Society Podcast, online conference proceedings and Discussion contact us at: [email protected] or Papers. +44 (0)20 7670 4320/355. The Society’s flagship magazine AEROSPACE aims to provide our community with expert insight and thought-provoking debate on the future of aerospace, aviation and spaceflight, through stimulating and relevant features; in addition to providing our members with in-depth analysis and industry news each month.

Networking & Influence With over 70 regional and international Branches, our members engage, contribute and participate in their local aerospace community through lectures, events and social activities. Through our growing Corporate Partner scheme, we continue to highlight and encourage the industry’s commitment to best practice in the aerospace sector.

Future Generation Join Us! In partnership with ADS Group, our dedicated Careers in Aerospace If you are working or interested in the aeronautical or website helps thousands of young people to understand the exciting aerospace sector, then there is a membership grade opportunities open to them within aerospace. for you. Join us to become part of a global community of aerospace professionals and Last year, in the Schools Build-a-Plane Challenge, we saw the first contribute directly to the impact the Society, two aircraft, built by secondary school students, take to the skies. In through its members, makes on the aerospace and partnership with Boeing, the programme aims to motivate, encourage aviation industries. and inspire young people in STEM subjects and to help them develop invaluable skills such as project management, problem-solving and Contact us at [email protected] team work. or +44 (0)20 7670 4320/355 or visit http://aerosociety.com/Membership/which- In 2013, the Society signed the Royal Academy of Engineering membership to find out which membership Concordat which commits us to work towards increasing diversity grade would be most suitable for you. within the profession of engineering. AIR SHOWS 2014 Farnborough Air Show preview Farnborough is coming

n July, aerospace companies from around G520T ‘Egrett’, HNH90 and G120TP-A, and a Trescal the world will showcase their latest SA300: Tandem. products and services at the 49th biennual Exhibition space for the show is reported Farnborough International Air Show to be almost completely sold out. Several new (FIA). Held from 14 to 20 July, the fi rst countries are exhibiting for the fi rst time, including Ifi ve days of the show will be devoted to the trade Tunisia, Malaysia and Thailand, while over half of the industry, followed by two public days. Friday 18 exhibitors are from overseas. An innovation for this July is scheduled as Futures Day designed to year will be the new Row A Chalet development, give groups of young people aged 11-21 the featuring the fi rst permanent chalet buildings. opportunity to see the career opportunities on The development is part of a longer-term plan offer in the aerospace and defence industry. A by the show organisers, to move away from highlight of Futures Day will be a fl ying display from the temporary structures that have been a feature the two aircraft completed as part of the RAeS FIA2014 will see of previous shows towards buildings that can also Schools Build-a-Plane project. the fi rst UK public be used for other events. A permanent exhibition The theme for the public airshow is 100 Years of appearances of the facility is due to be completed in time for FIA2016 Aviation and will feature aircraft from every decade Lockheed Martin F-35 to be held on 11-17 July 2016. of the past century. The public weekend will also JSF and the Textron FAI 2014 will feature several specialised commemorate the 100th anniversary of the start Airland Scorpion zones dedicated to particular aerospace sectors. of WW1 with a display by the Great War Display The Innovation Zone will focus on research, team. The static display will feature a vintage aircraft technology and skills, bringing together engineering collection tent, with examples of aircraft from the 20 universities, research and technology organisations beginning of aviation up to WW1, including a replica bespoke buildings for and supporting agencies. Wright Flyer, Bleriot XI and a Sopwith Camel. individual exhibitors This year sees a greater emphasis on the This year’s show will feature a wide variety of growing autonomous and robotic systems sector aircraft types, with over 70 confi rmed as part of the 98% and will feature the latest developments across static line-up and a further 23 for the fl ying display. self-build hall space many areas, including surgery, space exploration, Making their fi rst appearance at Farnborough this sold defence, manufacturing and energy production. year will be the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning, There will be an opportunity to demonstrate Textron Airland Scorpion and (on the public days) unmanned aerial and ground systems in dedicated a Spanish Navy Harrier. Airbus will be displaying 18 indoor and outdoor demonstration areas. an A320, an A380 and a fl ight test A350. A Qatar international pavilions The show will also include a number of Airways’ Boeing 787 will be on show while regional conferences, including a Space Day conference, a aircraft will be represented by an Embraer ERJ145 briefi ng on commercial manufacturing and a supply and E190, Sukhoi Superjet 100, Bombardier CRJ 56% chain conference (SC21), featuring speakers from international 900 jet and Q400 turboprop, as well as an ATR-72- exhibitors ADS and industry. 600 turboprop. On the rotary wing side, there will be an AgustaWestland AW101, AW139, AW169, Bell For more information on FIA2014, see 429EMS and 407GX. There will also be a number of 26 http://www.Farnborough.com business aircraft on display, in addition to a Viking Twin new exhibitors Otter, Britten Norman Islander, Pilatus PC-12, Grob

The RAeS will be exhibiting in the Innovation Zone in Hall 4 on stand D1. The AEROSPACE team will be reporting on the latest news from the show with tweets from Editor, Tim Robinson (twitter @raestimr) and regular online updates appearing in a series of daily blogs on http://aerosociety.com/News/Insight-Blog

40 AEROSPACE / JULY 2014 Afterburner www.aerosociety.com

Diary 7 July Sopwith Lecture The Aerospace Technology Enterprise: Latent Growth or Losing Ground? Sir Brian Burridge KCB CBE FRAeS, VP Strategic Marketing, Finmeccanica

A Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II (top) in formation with two Typhoons as part of a simulated mission scenario. Lockheed Martin.

42 Message from RAeS 44 Book Reviews 51 ILA 2014 - President Spacesuit, Space Shuttle Legacy and Wheels Stop. A show report from the RAeS Munich Branch. “I wish to congratulate the new Council Members and to thank all the candidates who put their names 47 Library Additions 52 Diary forward for election. It is good to know that there is Books submitted to the National Aerospace Library. Find out when and where around the world the strong competition among our members to serve on latest aeronautical and aerospace lectures and the Council.” 48 Future Challenges of the events are happening. - Chief Executive Aerospace Business 53 RAeS Council 2014-2015 “July brings the Farnborough International Air Show The 50th Sir Henry Royce Lecture, organised by the and, of course, the never-to-be-missed annual Royal RAeS Derby Branch, was presented by Dr Thomas 54 Corporate Partners Enders, Chief Executive Offi cer of Airbus Group. International Air Tattoo. We wish our colleagues well Three new members join the Society’s Corporate in the ‘delivery’ of these wonderful events and look Partner Scheme. forward to hosting many friends at our Farnborough 50 Learning how 3D Printing Summer Reception supported, once again, by our 55 Obituaries friends from Raytheon.” is ‘Changing the Game’ Charles Hughesdon, John Morton and Peter Berry. The technology, which is now being used in a variety of applications, was the topic of discussion at the RAeS Washington DC Branch. 56 Elections New Society members elected in the past month.

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Bill Tyack The results of the Council Election are shown navigators, mathematicians and astronomers for elsewhere in this edition of AEROSPACE (p 53) hundreds of years. Dava Sobel’s book Longitude and, by the time you read this, the ‘new’ Council will (Fourth Estate Ltd, London, 1996) describes well have held its fi rst meeting. I wish to congratulate the the trials and tribulations of clock maker John new Council Members and to thank all the candi- Harrison’s attempts to win the prize. He was dates who put their names forward for election. It eventually awarded a substantial proportion of the is good to know that there is strong competition prize money for his H4 marine chronometer, the among our members to serve on the Council. design of which changed how mariners navigated Back in May I attended the Branches’ at sea. The idea of the Longitude Prize 2014 is to Conference, which was organised very successfully offer a prize of £10,000,000 for a solution to an this year by the Derby Branch. The conference is a equivalent challenge in today’s world. The public is really important opportunity for face-to-face being asked to vote to choose the challenge from a communication between Branch representatives shortlist of six concerned with: food; water; and Society staff members; it also enables the dementia; antibiotics; paralysis; and carbon-free Branches to share ideas. The programme included fl ight. (Full details are at www.longitudeprize.org.) EVEN IF THE a visit to the Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust Museum, By the time you read this we should know which CHALLENGE OF which provides a fascinating and comprehensive challenge the public has chosen. history of aero-engine development in Derby from Even if the challenge of carbon-free fl ight is CARBON-FREE the earliest days. Also in May I was delighted to not chosen, the fact that it was on the shortlist FLIGHT IS NOT be able to welcome Air Chief Marshal Sir Andrew underscores the importance of aviation to human CHOSEN, THE Pulford, the UK Chief of the Air Staff, as Guest of society. To my mind, it also raises the question if we Honour at the Society’s Annual Banquet. Over 500 in the RAeS could and should do more to help fi nd FACT THAT IT people attended the Banquet, which was very well solutions to mitigating the impact of aviation on the WAS ON THE supported by many of our Corporate Partners. environment. Greener by Design has done great SHORTLIST Shortly before taking over as President I was work over many years in this area to improve UNDERSCORES privileged to attend the launch of the Longitude understanding of the issues and to recommend Prize 2014. You may have seen or heard publicity potential solutions. Nevertheless, as we approach THE about this in the media. Three hundred years ago the 150th anniversary of the Society, I wonder if IMPORTANCE in 1714 the British Government offered a prize of we should take this as one of our key technical chal- OF AVIATION £20,000 for a solution to the problem of fi nding the lenges for the future. Is there more that we could do TO HUMAN longitude of a position on the earth (and importantly to help tackle an issue that is important to human on the deck of a ship) to within half a degree. This society and that will become increasingly important SOCIETY was a really diffi cult problem that had taxed to our industry? I would be interested in your views.

GENERAL AVIATION GROUP Help needed

The Royal Aeronautical Society’s General Aviation to join the committee. It doesn’t matter whether Specialist Group is currently looking for people you are a student studying at university or a senior to join its committee. The committee represents fi gure in a large company, as long as you are professionals working in the general aviation fi eld enthusiastic and willing to be proactive we want to and meets three times a year to organise a range of hear from you. If you wish to join the General events. The Group usually hold a one-day Aviation Committee please contact the Chairman conference and two or three lectures a year. The via the Conference and Events Department at the main role of a committee member is to work with RAeS, E [email protected] or by RAeS staff to provide technical and industry calling +44 (0)20 7670 4345. guidance for events. Committee members are expected to attend the majority of the General Future Events Pegasus Quantum 145-912 Aviation Specialist Group Committee meetings ultralight trike, G-BYFF. (either in person or remotely via conference call). ‘Light Aircraft Design: Methods and Tools 2014’ Adrian Pingstone. The Group is looking for anyone who is inter- conference on 17 November 2014. Visit ested in aviation and has a knowledge of the fi eld www.aerosociety.com/events for more information.

42 AEROSPACE / JULY 2014 OUR CHIEF EXECUTIVE

Simon C Luxmoore  This month we’ll be at both RIAT and  There has been a very positive response from Farnborough Air Shows showcasing some of members eligible to receive Howard Wheeldon’s the innovative developments from our members, daily commentary. Howard, who writes the as well as the Society’s educational initiatives ‘Antenna’ articles in AEROSPACE, is a Fellow through the RAeS/Boeing Schools Build-a- of the Society, and recognised ‘globally’ as an Plane Challenge. We hope to see many of our independent analyst, commentator and writer, members visiting our stand throughout the on aerospace and defence issues. ‘Thought shows. Leadership’ is an important area for the Society  As in June, July will see a series of Cool and will become increasingly so in the future. Aeronautics events, in Farnborough, Bristol, Howard’s contributions are warmly welcomed. Glasgow and Swansea, as well as our support to  Following the presentation of the Society’s Futures Day (on 18 July) at the Farnborough Air Written Paper Prizes on 7 July, the Sopwith Show. The Careers team are also planning for Lecture, sponsored by Finmeccanica, will be autumn and exhibitors can now book packages given by Sir Brian Burridge who will pose the for our recruitment fair, Careers in Aerospace question of sustainability of ‘growth partnerships’ LIVE, taking place on 7 November. on the long-term implications of intellectual  Following an interesting seminar on 30 April, property in the UK aerospace and defence and discussed further in this issue, the Society’s industry. I expect the evening to be a thought- second Education & Skills Conference will provoking and enjoyable occasion with plenty take place on 1 October at Hamilton Place, of networking afterwards on our wonderful roof bringing together stakeholders from across terrace. the aerospace and aviation sectors, including  With Paul Bailey moving to the Engineering recruiters, training providers, STEM and Council we have decided to ‘reorganise’ outreach specialists. With skills at the heart of our staff structure bringing together all our many discussions across the industry, don’t miss ‘individual’ membership activities under one this important event. Sponsorship packages directorate. This new section, the Membership are also available — again, contact the Careers and Professional Standards Directorate, will be ‘THOUGHT team at No.4 Hamilton Place for full details of led by Lynn Beattie and will include membership LEADERSHIP’ IS delegate and corporate packages. recruitment, careers & education, membership AN IMPORTANT  I was pleased with the attendance at this year’s services and our Schools Build-a-Plane team. AREA FOR THE AGM, approaching 50 voting members in  July brings the Farnborough International Air number, and certainly it was a relief compared Show and, of course, the never-to-be-missed SOCIETY AND with my antics of the previous year when I was annual Royal International Air Tattoo. We wish WILL BECOME ‘pacing corridors’ to ensure we were quorate! our colleagues well in the ‘delivery’ of these INCREASINGLY The AGM preceded an excellent Banquet at wonderful events and look forward to hosting which the Chief of the Air Staff delivered, in SO IN THE many friends at our Farnborough Summer some style it should be said, a memorable Reception supported, once again, by our friends FUTURE speech. from Raytheon.

Cranfi eld Experience 2014 FAST awarded Queen’s

Cranfi eld University and British Airways are offering Award for Voluntary Service students studying at UK/EU universities the chance to win the Cranfi eld Aerospace Experience 2014. Farnborough Air Sciences Trust (FAST) has been awarded The prize is two days of exclusive airborne and simulator the QAVS, the highest and most prestigious award in the fl ight training at Cranfi eld University’s Campus Airport and country for voluntary group efforts. It is offi cially classifi ed as British Airways Flight and Crew training facilities at ‘The MBE for volunteer groups’ and the award was Heathrow Airport. announced by Buckingham Palace on 2 June. Visit Cranfi eld University in the Innovation Zone (IZ/B2) The citation reads: at Farnborough Airshow 2014 to receive a unique code to “Safeguarding, displaying and making available enter. documentation and artefacts recording 100 years of continuous air science development at Farnborough, Find out more about the prize. creating an engineering and history-themed education www.aeroexperience.co.uk centre and community cultural facility.”

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Above left: On 3 June 1965 Edward H White II became the fi rst American to step outside his spacecraft and let go. Above right: Anchored to a Canadarm2 mobile foot restraint, European Space Agency astronaut Luca Parmitano, Expedition 36 fl ight engineer, participates in a session of extravehicular activity (EVA) as work continues on the International Space Station in July 2013. Right: On 9 April 1959, NASA introduced its fi rst astronaut class, the Mercury 7. Below right: ‘Buzz’ Aldrin on the Moon during the Apollo 11 mission. Bottom right: NASA invited the public to vote on three cover layer designs for the Z-2 prototype suit which will be used to test the technologies that NASA hopes astronauts will wear on a mission to Mars by 2030. All NASA.

A History through Fact and the day and occasionally provide insights of value to future developments. Fiction If the book has a central theme, it is that of By B Gooden practicality and mobility. One of the best ways of protecting humans from the space environment is Tattered Flag Press, PO Box 2240, Pulborough, West with a hard metal suit, similar to some deep-sea Sussex RH20 9AL, UK. 2012. 128pp. Illustrated. diving units used in marine recovery operations. £16.99. ISBN 978-0-9543115-4-4. This idea produced some quite bizarre designs, which gained the nickname ‘canned’ astronaut. At fi rst glance, from the cover of this excellent book, However, large mass and restricted movement the casual reader would be forgiven for thinking coupled with the diffi culty of donning the suit in they had strayed into pulp fi ction rather than solid cramped conditions with minimal help makes these science. However, more careful reading reveals a impractical. Therefore, multi-layer soft suits have thoroughly researched and stimulating history of the become the practical solution, with various levels of technological development of a rather neglected, yet protection depending on the required use, within a essential piece of space hardware — the spacesuit. spacecraft, in-orbit or on the surface of the Moon. While much has been written about the technology of Mobility remains an issue, particularly regarding space vehicles, that underlying the ability to protect joints, which stiffen under internal pressure. Early astronauts from the space environment has been spacesuits had very limited movement as a result. taken for granted. In his book, Brett Gooden reveals For me, the development of technical solutions to a fascinating and complex development history that this problem is one of the surprising highlights of overcame many technological challenges in ultimately the book. allowing humans to walk on the Moon and perform Overall this is a nicely produced, well-illustrated complex tasks outside their spacecraft in-orbit. book. There are a few minor irritations with layout, The presentation has a strong historical thread, where the fi gures squeeze the text to no more than running from the very earliest problems of high one or two lines on the page. This is certainly a book altitude survival in balloon fl ights, through pressure that deserves to be popular and widely read. suits required by aviators and into the space age. This material is linked to the manifestations of Professor Martin Barstow spacesuits in popular fi ction, which often ignore real Professor of Astrophysics and Space Science, science but sometimes refl ect the technology of University of Leicester

44 AEROSPACE / JULY 2014 SPACE SHUTTLE LEGACY

How We Did It and What We Learned Edited by R D Launius et al

American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Suite 500, Reston, VA 20191-4344, USA. 2013. Distributed by Transatlantic Publishers Group, 97 Greenham Road, London N10 1LN, UK (T +44 (0)20 8815 5994; E [email protected]). 489pp. Illustrated. £35 [20% discount available to RAeS members on request]. 375pp. Illustrated. $49.95. ISBN 978-1- 62410-216-5.

WHEELS STOP Space shuttle Atlantis and could be introduced. Among the 71 design changes its four-member STS-135 made at this time a new turbopump, for example, The Tragedies and Triumphs crew head toward Earth orbit and rendezvous with the was simplifi ed with rotating parts reduced from of the Space Shuttle Program, International Space Station 50 to 28, and the number of welds from 300 to 1986-2011 at the beginning of the last 4. Biggs explains the daunting complexity of the shuttle fl ight on 8 July 2011. engine and thereby highlights the scale of the By R Houston All NASA. achievement in keeping the engines in working order throughout the 30-year period. University of Nebraska Press, University of The main technology used for protection against Nebraska Press, 1111 Lincoln Mall, Lincoln, NE the extreme temperatures of re-entry had been 68588-0630, USA. 2013. Distributed by Combined known since the 1950s — the 30,000 tiles (later Academic Publishers Ltd, Windsor House, reduced to 24,000) that the Shuttle pioneered in Cornwall Road, Harrogate HG1 2PW, UK. 428pp. place of the ablative non-reusable shield used by Illustrated. £24.99. [25% discount available to RAeS other space (and missile) programmes. However, as members via www.combinedacademic.co.uk using former Shuttle engineer Dennis Jenkins explains, CS314FLIGHT promotion code]. ISBN 978-0- it was another technology that failed in the case of 8032-3534-2. the 1 February 2003 re-entry break-up of Columbia (and the death of its seven crew members). The For 30 years from the take-off of Columbia on 12 >2,300°F experienced by the wing leading edge April 1981 until the touchdown of Atlantis on 21 was handled by a carbon composite panel coated July 2011, America’s Space Shuttle was the world’s with silicon carbide, not by the famous tiles. The most iconic launch vehicle. I gave an overview of panel material proved to be less robust than once the Space Shuttle story in Aerospace International thought and was penetrated by a piece of insulation (October 2010, pp 18-20) as it approached the from the giant external fuel tank, causing the wing end of its service life, and Space Shuttle Legacy to fail during re-entry. Jenkins points out, however, looks at the subject in much greater depth. The that it was one of the few materials that could main attraction of the book is the identifi cation of withstand the re-entry environment and continued to the Shuttle’s main management and engineering be used albeit with more inspection and analysis. challenges, each reviewed by an expert — the three The third critical technology, onboard main engineering challenges are identifi ed as (a) software, was by and large a NASA success story. the main engine, (b) thermal protection and (c) Massachusetts Institute of Technology Professor onboard software. Nancy Leveson shows the evolution of Shuttle Robert Biggs helped develop the Shuttle main software from the 1960s through the Skylab and engine at Rocketdyne and provides powerful Apollo-Soyuz programmes of the early 1970s. The insights into its technical complexity. The engine most signifi cant decision was management rather development was always under time pressure. Sadly, than technical, when NASA decided to contract with it wasn’t until the explosion of Challenger in 1986 IBM directly for the software, bypassing Rockwell’s (with the death of its seven crew members) halted main Shuttle Orbiter contract, despite IBM being operations for nearly three years that there was the computer supplier in the Rockwell team. After a breathing space during which various upgrades the Shuttles were delivered and started their

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service life, software became the main means for and civil government satellites would use Space Shuttle introducing changes to their performance and direct the Shuttle and thus eliminated competition Legacy has management of the software contract gave NASA to Europe’s emerging Ariane rocket in the the great fi rm control of that process. Leveson notes that the early 1980s. This enabled Ariane to become 30+ year continuity of the software work led to a the market leader for the world’s commercial merit of being culture in which creativity in coding was discouraged satellites — a position it still holds today. unashamed but creativity in modifying the management Space Shuttle Legacy has the great merit of about the processes encouraged. She identifi es other lessons being unashamed about the weaknesses as well weaknesses that are useful today including the relationship as the strengths of the Space Shuttle. The chapters between software quality and team morale, and on the three key engineering challenges and on as well as the the inability of software diversity to protect against NASA’s management approach are authoritative strengths of the errors in requirements — this latter observation and very readable, and make this a must-read for Space Shuttle. being relevant to many aviation programmes. anyone interested in a machine that in many ways The chapters One curious and common thread in the analysis represented the pinnacle of rocket science. Wheels of these three engineering challenges is the failure There is no similar rationale for reading on the three key Stop of any of the authors to mention whether the various — Rick Houston’s homage to the astronauts engineering industrial contracts were fi xed price or cost-plus. who fl ew in the Space Shuttle. More than 300 challenges people rode in the Shuttle during its 30 years in In the UK we are used to strong pressure from and on NASA’s Government to adopt the fi xed price approach operation and most get a mention in the 400 or so with much discussion about when the challenges pages of this refl ection on their experience. Starting management (requirements, technology, etc.) are suffi ciently with fl ight 26 in 1988, the fi rst after the destruction approach are Challenger well understood to allow that to happen. Perhaps of the and its crew more than 2½ years earlier, the book follows each of 110 Shuttle fl ights authoritative the cost-plus regime is so endemic in NASA and very programmes that the authors never thought to in chronological order all the way to fl ight 135 (the question it. last) in 2011. Each mission is described in terms of readable... Syracuse University Professor Henry Lambright the emotions and opinions of the astronauts with almost no engineering or scientifi c explanations. The and former NASA Chief Historian Roger Launius 300 or so astronauts who fl ew in the 110 missions trace the evolution of NASA’s management are named in what becomes an eye-glazing list, approach to the Space Shuttle programme. The and rose-tinted glasses are worn throughout — HQ-led approach that worked for the Apollo for example the costs of the missions are not Moon landings was discarded early on in favour discussed. The minutiae of astronaut life is the of leadership by one of the NASA Centres. The focus of the book, adding little to the already large impact of the personality of the HQ and Centre canon of ‘astronaut as celebrity’ books — we learn top management was signifi cant but not widely for example that French astronaut Jean-François recognised. Changes in approach were introduced Space shuttle Discovery’s Clervoy’s nickname was Billy Bob. Wheels Stop will main gear touches down on after the Challenger disaster (1986), in the wake appeal to the astronaut groupie but not to many Runway 15 at the Shuttle of budget cuts in the Clinton Administrations others. Landing Facility at NASA’s (1992-2000) and to a lesser extent after the Kennedy Space Center in Columbia Florida at the end of its last disaster (2003). Throughout, alignment of Pat Norris responsibilities, competence and budgets was never fl ight on 9 March 2011. FRAeS NASA. achieved and the result was a programme in which hard decisions were avoided until disaster struck. Chapters are included giving the perspective of the operations staff and the crew. Other chapters cover the symbiotic relationship of the Shuttle with the International Space Station, the accident analysis of the two failed missions, Europe’s role, the Shuttle as cultural icon and NASA’s attempts to build a replacement. All lack deep insight, perhaps none more so than the short chapter on Europe by former European Space Agency historian Professor John Krige. He discusses various forms of collaboration that were eventually rejected and omits two hugely signifi cant implications for Europe.  The Spacelab element of the Shuttle gave Europe its fi rst experience of human spacefl ight and led directly to Europe providing more than half of the habitable volume of the International Space Station today.  The US government mandated that all military

46 AEROSPACE / JULY 2014 Library Additions BOOKS

GENERAL HISTORICAL Verlag Gmbh, Oberhaching. LIGHTER-THAN-AIR Vulcan Boys: from the 2003. 408pp. Illustrated. ISBN Cold War to the Falklands Innovation in Aeronautics. 3-925505-78-4. — True Tales of the Edited by T M Young and Published on behalf of Iconic Delta V Bomber. M Hirst. Woodhead Publishing the Technisches Museum T Blackman. Grub Street, Limited, 80 High Street, in Vienna, a well-illustrated 4 Rainham Close, London Sawston, Cambridge CB22 survey of the history of the SW11 6SS, UK. 2014. 238pp. 3HJ, UK. 2012. 393pp. development of aviation in Illustrated. £20. ISBN 978-1- £147.50. ISBN 978-1-84569- Austria. 909808-08-9. 550-7. Recollections of Blue The Curtiss HS Flying Steel, Taceval, the Vulcan AERODYNAMICS Boats. K M Molson and A J K2 Tanker and crew training Shortt. Naval Institute Press, are among the subjects Flight Dynamics Annapolis, MD. 1995. 147pp. discussed in this compilation Principles: a Linear Illustrated. ISBN 1-55750- of reminiscences from former Systems Approach to 142-4. pilots, personnel and ground Aircraft Stability and A detailed well-illustrated crew associated with the Control — Third edition. history — including line famous bomber aircraft. M V Cook. Elsevier arrangement diagrams — of Butterworth-Heinemann, The the development of the HS Hunter Boys: True Tales Boulevard, Langford Lane, From Lysander to series of fl ying boat designs The Man with his Head in from Pilots of the Hawker Oxford OX5 1GB, UK. 2013. Lightning: Teddy Petter, (including the HS1L and the Clouds: James Sadler Hunter. R Pike. Grub Street, 575pp. Illustrated. £49.99. Aircraft Designer. G Davies. HS2L) concluding with the — the First Englishman to 4 Rainham Close, London ISBN 978-0-08-098242-7. The History Press, The Mill, restoration of the HS-2L Fly. R O Smith. Signal Books SW11 6SS, UK. 2014. 201pp. Brimscombe Port, Stroud, G-CAAC ‘La Vigilance’ at the Limited, 36 Minster Road, Illustrated. £20. ISBN 978-1- AGRICULTURAL AVIATION Gloucestershire GL5 2QG, National Aviation Museum in Oxford OX4 1LY, UK. 2014. 909808-03-4. UK. 2014. 160pp. Illustrated. Pensacola, Florida. 236pp. Illustrated. £14.99. A compilation of 15 Low and Slow: an Insider’s £14.99. ISBN 978-0-7524- ISBN 978-1-909930-01-8. separate pilots’ recollections History of Agricultural 9211-7. A biographical study of the of fl ying and operating the Aviation. M I Anderson. pioneering late-18th/early 19th- transonic fi ghter aircraft California Farmer Publishing Handley Page Proposals century balloonist James Sadler design. Company, San Francisco, CA. for a 70-Ton Bomber — the fi rst Englishman to make 1986. 151pp. Illustrated. ISBN (1943): a Commentary. an ascension by balloon — is 0-936815-00-0. A H Fraser-Mitchell. Published interspersed with the author’s A well-illustrated history by the author. 2014. 25pp. personal memoirs of his struggle of the growth of agricultural Illustrated. to overcome his fear of heights aviation in the United States. Compares the project and other phobias. design with the evolution of AIRWORTHINESS AND the Convair B-36 Peacemaker. PILOTING MAINTENANCE The Handley Page HP115 How to Fly a Battle of Leveraging Information Slender Delta Low Speed Britain Fighter: Spitfi re, Technology for Optimal Research Aircraft — Fifth Messerschmitt, Hurricane. Aircraft Maintenance, edition. A H Fraser-Mitchell. Edited by C McCutcheon. Repair and Overhaul Published by the author. 2013. Amberley Publishing, The (MRO). A Sahay. Woodhead 61pp. Illustrated. Hill, Merrywalks, Stroud, Publishing Limited, 80 High The origins, design, Messerschmitt Me262A Gloucestershire GL5 4EP, Street, Sawston, Cambridge development and fl ight testing Schwalbe — Second edition. UK. 2014. 128pp. Illustrated. CB22 3HJ, UK. 2012. 238pp. of the slender delta research R Peczkowski. Published by £9.99. ISBN 978-1-4456- £125. ISBN 978-1-84569- aircraft is reviewed, the study Stratus, Poland, on behalf of 3665-8. 982-6. concluding with a survey of Mushroom Model Publications, Extracts from the Pilot’s Sculthorpe — Secrecy and the research work on slender 3 Gloucester Close, Notes for the Supermarine Stealth: a Norfolk Airfi eld AVIONICS AND SYSTEMS wings undertaken by W E Gray. Petersfi eld, Hants GU32 Spitfi re IX, XI and XVI (Air in the Cold War. P Gunn. 3AX, UK (www.mmpbooks. Publication A.P.1565J) and The History Press, The Mill, Les Aeronefs de l’Aviation biz). 2014. 112pp. Illustrated. Hawker Hurricane II and IV Brimscombe Port, Stroud, Maritime (1910-1942). L £13.99. ISBN 978-83-63678- (A.P.1564B & D) are combined Gloucestershire GL5 2QG, Morareau. Association pour la 17-3. with a fl ight test report on the UK. 2014. 239pp. Illustrated. Recherche de Documentation Numerous colour Messerschmitt Bf109E/Me109. £14.99. ISBN 978-0-7524- sur l’Histoire de l’Aéronautique photographs and other 7683-4. Navale (ARDHAN), Paris. diagrams illustrate this detailed SERVICE AVIATION A detailed well-illustrated 2002. 589pp. Illustrated. ISBN pictorial survey of the famous history of the East Anglian 2-913344-04-6. German jet fi ghter aircraft RAF Labuan Borneo. airfi eld originally developed in and its Junkers Jumo 004-B D Bale. Book Guild Publishing, 1943 for the RAF which was L’Aviation Maritime engine. The Book Guild Ltd, The to evolve into a key operational Francaise Pendant Werks, 45 Church Road, Hove base for the USAF Strategic La Grande Guerre The Norman Thompson BN3 2BE, UK. 2014. 220pp. Air Command (SAC). (Hydroavions et Avions). File: the History of the Illustrated. £8.99. ISBN 978- L Morareau et al. Association Norman Thompson Flight 1-9097160-4-9. pour la Recherche de Company and White & Incorporating the Documentation sur l’Histoire Thompson Ltd. M H Goodall. recollections of personnel Stimson’s Introduction de l’Aéronautique Navale Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd, who were stationed there, a For further information to Airborne Radar — Third (ARDHAN), Paris. 1999. Tunbridge Wells. 1995. 101pp. detailed history of the island contact the National edition. G W Stimson et 494pp. Illustrated. ISBN Illustrated. ISBN 0-85130- airbase situated off the al. SciTech Publishing (an 2-913344-00-3. 233-5. northern coast of mainland Aerospace Library. imprint of the IET), Michael North Borneo (Sabah) which T +44 (0)1252 Faraday House, Six Hills Way, Enzyklopadie Fokker Aircraft of World has been operated over the Stevenage, Herts SG1 2AY, Luftfahrzeugbau in War One. P Leaman. The years by Australian, American 701038 or 701060 UK. 2014. 744pp. Illustrated. Osterreich: von den Crowood Press, Ramsbury. and British air forces, the last E hublibrary@aeroso- £110. ISBN 978-1-61353- Anfangen bis zur 2001. 192pp. Illustrated. ISBN RAF personnel departing from ciety.com 022-1. Gegenwart. R Keimel. Aviatic 1-86126-353-8. the airbase in June 1968.

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2014 47 Afterburner Society News 50th SIR HENRY ROYCE LECTURE Future Challenges of the Aerospace Business

The 50th Sir Henry Royce Lecture, organised by the Derby Branch of the Royal Aeronautical Society (RAeS), was presented on 7 May by Dr Thomas (Tom) Enders, Chief Executive Offi cer of Airbus Group, to a capacity audience at the Rolls-Royce Learning & Development Centre in Derby. Attendees at the lecture included then RAeS President Jenny Body OBE, RAeS Chief Executive Simon Luxmoore, from Rolls-Royce, Chief Executive John Rishton, Chairman Ian Davis and Director of Engineering & Technology Colin Smith CBE and fi nally from Airbus, Denis Ranque, Chairman of Airbus Group. The theme of the lecture was ‘Future Challenges Both disruptive and incremental approaches are Above: The CTi fan system necessary, Dr Enders said, and getting the balance on Rolls-Royce’s Advanced of the Aerospace Business’ and Dr Enders began Low Pressure System engine the lecture by speaking of his commitment to between the two is vital. At the dawn of aviation, demonstrator. the legacy of Rolls-Royce co-founder Sir Henry using combustion engines for air power was Below: The fi rst production Royce stating: “For Sir Henry, it was not enough to considered a disruptive technology and we should Trent XWB ready for delivery. develop aero engines. They were going to be the never forget the benefi ts of taking that initial risk. Both Rolls-Royce. best engines. He was a perfectionist and he was Today, disruptive technologies such as 3D printing a visionary. He was humble but hungry. His focus and applications from the digital world are on the was on quality and craftsmanship. He strived for verge of a new industrial revolution. Other examples excellence in all he put his name to.” In particular such as electric-powered fl ight, illustrated by the Tom refl ected on one of Sir Henry Royce’s guiding recent E-Fan demonstration, and fully autonomous principles: “Take the best that exists and make it aircraft for commercial aviation, have huge potential. better. If it doesn’t exist, create it.” With reference to However, incremental innovation is not insignifi cant. this principle, Tom identifi ed three future challenges There is no such thing as a small innovation and he sees for the aerospace industry in relation to sometimes incremental innovation is a revolution in innovation. Specifi cally, how we identify innovation disguise. For example, the initial use of composites opportunities and fi nd the balance between in secondary structures on the Airbus A310 in 1983 disruptive innovation and incremental innovation; has led, incrementally, to today’s Airbus A350 which how we endeavour to manage innovation when the comprises more than 50% of composite airframe. boundaries of industry are fast disappearing; and, The Rolls-Royce Trent family of engines is also fi nally, how we fi nd and retain the talent necessary a good example of game-changing, incremental to support innovation. improvements. The latest Trent XWB technology Dr Enders considered the need for both is 16% more effi cient than the fi rst Trent engine disruptive and incremental innovation in technology to enter service in 1995 and the Rolls-Royce and products: “Customers and investors love R&D method of ‘Invent once; Use many times’ has incremental innovation. It’s easy to understand delivered steady steps of progressive effi ciency and is seen as lower risk. But it doesn’t exactly improvement. Innovation needs funding through fi re the motivation of engineers. It doesn’t stir investors and they, in turn, need profi ts. Therefore the imagination of the young talent we need. innovation risk must be carefully balanced with Disruption does.” Tom continued: “But it can lead to corporate stability. Tom stated: “Airbus and Rolls- a crazy game of chicken with the competition and Royce is one of the few partnerships that can offer leave nothing to pay the bills. Aircraft and engine a win-win for such huge sums of investment. We manufacturers have gone through that experience can’t become risk averse: we need to manage risks time and again in their history: risking it all…or but take them. And we need to do it together, in almost all.” perfect step with the incremental improvements,

48 AEROSPACE / JULY 2014 doing each when it adds most value for customers and for the investors.” In considering how innovation can be managed Tom stated that it not only applies to technology but also to our partnerships, business models and how we work. We must recognise that the blurring of traditional boundaries now makes it diffi cult to spot the growing competition. Rather than governments and large aerospace companies, today’s competitors are increasingly coming from non-aerospace private enterprise and leading entrepreneurs who are becoming captains of multiple industries. For example, the entrepreneur Elon Musk has moved from Tesla Electric Cars to SpaceX reusable launchers and has his sights on reaching Mars. In buying companies like Kiva Systems and Ascenta, Amazon and Facebook are switching from selling books and social media to building UAVs and impacting air traffi c legislation. Google Ventures has pumped money into Airware, a company developing off-the-shelf autopilots for UAVs and ZeeAero is fusing aerospace, energy, IT and automotive to From left: Simon Luxmoore, CEO, RAeS; Brenda Crawford, Chairman, RAeS, Derby Branch; develop a fully electric personal aircraft, with vertical Dr Tom Enders, CEO, Airbus Group; Jenny Body OBE, then RAeS President; Colin Smith CBE, Director of Engineering and Technology, Rolls-Royce and Branch President, RAeS, Derby Branch. take-off and forward thrust, i.e. a ‘fl ying car’. We should not underestimate ZeeAero, the company is led by ex-NASA engineer and noted Stanford Dr Enders commented that Rolls-Royce and Aeronautics Professor Ilan Kroo and is located at Airbus offer apprenticeships which recruit people the edge of the main Google campus with, allegedly, from all over the world, as engineering and business signifi cant funding. Tom noted that the Wright talent is not exclusive to Europe and the US. Airbus brothers’ powered aircraft was the ‘fl ying car’ of its recently implemented an Innovation Centre to day and represented an industrial revolution. He predict trends and issues 30 years into the future. continued: “Today, we can see the fourth industrial Strategically Airbus has located the centre in revolution bearing down us like a steam train, Bangalore and not in Europe. Aerospace in Asia will driven by a new generation of competition that has be continue to develop in the future, as the region a completely different perspective of time and of demands more aircraft and support closer to home. limits. We should welcome that. Use that energy to In conclusion, Dr Enders stated that the legacy shake up our own thinking.” of Sir Henry Royce, marking the 50th anniversary In addressing his fi nal point of the lecture Dr of this lecture, is a legacy we not only honour but Enders stated that the aerospace industry must to which we should all aspire. He told the audience: ... TODAY’S be open to new revolutionary ideas from other “For Sir Henry Royce and the company he founded, COMPETITORS networks, such as IT, energy and biotechnology. innovation wasn’t merely a hobby. He made it a ARE The next generation is much more open and habit. It is part of everything you do and why, my more prepared to cross networks and infl uence friends, you do it so well.” INCREASINGLY organisations. But why do today’s top young Following the lecture Tom answered a number COMING FROM people strive to join Google etc. rather than the of questions from the audience relating to fi nancial NON-AEROSPACE aerospace industry? Tom stated: “These guys risk, military confl ict as a driver for disruptive [Google etc.] don’t have some of the best talent technology, the pace of the aerospace industry in PRIVATE of their generation fi ghting for jobs because they China and Asia, industry regulation versus risk and ENTERPRISE want to make apps. They really want to change the Airbus recruitment of young talent. world. Our industry — which everybody in this room Following the Q&A session Jenny Body OBE AND LEADING knows is the coolest, exciting industry on earth — gave the vote of thanks to Tom for an insightful ENTREPRENEURS needs to do a much better job of closing this gap lecture and commented how electric fl ight has WHO ARE in perception. Talented young people looking to recently piqued media interest and how outreach change the world need to see that opportunity with programmes are an issue also close to the heart of BECOMING us. So we ignore this rift at our own peril. We have the Royal Aeronautical Society. CAPTAINS to recruit and retain. Encourage and inspire. Offer OF MULTIPLE apprenticeships. And from a diverse cross-section Lara Small MRAeS and Dr Simon Hall MRAeS of talent around the world.” RAeS Derby Branch INDUSTRIES

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2014 49 Afterburner Society News WASHINGTON DC BRANCH Learning how 3D Printing is ‘Changing the Game’

 Dr Epstein discussed the fact that new technologies take time to develop and then get certifi ed. He also noted that one major advantage of powder deposition technology is in reducing the number of parts required to build things like turbine discs and blades. He concluded his remarks with a description of the powder itself and how it differs for different projects.  Alex Fima concluded the discussion by talking about the requirements needed to maintain and grow an additive manufacturing business and how the tools differ. He also talked about the need for certifi cation and validation of this technology as it continues to evolve. And he mentioned that the secret is to design parts with assembly in mind, so you can get the best and most economic result. The event, which was generously sponsored by Once the domain of small parts and one-off RTI Directed Manufacturing, was part of a series prototyping, 3D printing has come a long way since of panel discussions and keynote addresses put its inception. The technology, which is now being together by the RAeS Washington DC Branch. used in a variety of applications, was the topic of discussion at the Royal Aeronautical Society Washington DC Branch’s meeting on 22 April. Hosted by the British Embassy, the event featured remarks from three pre-eminent experts in the fi eld: Dr Alan Epstein, Vice President, Technol- ogy & Environment at Pratt & Whitney; Alex Fima, Did you know? General Manager of RTI Directed Manufacturing; and Dr Vivek Saxena, Vice Present, Operations & Supply Chain Practice Leader at ICF SH&E. With more than 60 guests in attendance, the ALEX FIMA panel provided a deep look into the value of CONCLUDED technologies like laser power deposition welding and their potential future application in light aircraft, THE DISCUSSION larger structures, space, etc. They also provided BY TALKING cautions about the speed of adoption, offered ABOUT THE insights into recent progress around advancing additive manufacturing standards and highlighted REQUIREMENTS the potential to fi eld the technology so it could be NEEDED TO used to repair aircraft and other vehicles. A few highlights of the discussion include: MAINTAIN  Dr Saxena noted that, apart from being able AND GROW to produce complicated shapes, 3D powder AN ADDITIVE Airship or balloon under infl ation in the HM Balloon deposition manufacturing eliminates coating Factory No.29 Building ‘Beta shed’ at Farnborough 18 problems, saves material and the need for stock- MANUFACTURING May 1910. The fi rst true airship shed in Britain — a steel- piling. He also explained that the method has BUSINESS AND frame building apsidally-ended and clad in corrugated iron come to a stage where it allows for the intricate — was erected alongside No.3 Building (Q3) which had HOW THE TOOLS been relocated to Farnborough when the Balloon Factory production of landing gears, as well as high- and the Balloon Section of the Royal Engineers moved temperature capabilities in turbine blades. DIFFER from Aldershot there in 1905.

50 AEROSPACE / JULY 2014 Society News ILA 2014

Thanks to a high pressure area over northern Turkish Air Force Lockheed Germany, the 2014 Internationale Luftfahrtauss- Martin F-16. tellung (ILA) opened on 20 May for fi ve days of ILA. excellent weather conditions, celebrating 105 years since the opening of the fi rst ILA on 10 July 1909 in Frankfurt. The ILA, organised by the Berlin Messe GmbH and the BDLI (Association of German Aerospace Industries) at the Berlin ExpoCenter Airport, attracted 1,203 exhibitors from 40 countries displaying a full range of products and capabilities covering equipment, manufacturing processes and tools, as well as high-tech developments in systems and aircraft. The Space Pavilion and a special eco-effi cient fl ight exhibition were attractions which especially interested visitors. The fair was opened punctually at 10:00 on Tuesday by the German Chancellor, Dr Angela Merkel, together with Lütfi Elvan, the Defence Minister of Turkey, this year’s partner nation. Germany’s Defence Minister, Dr Ursula von der Leyen, and Hr Sigmar Gabriel, Deputy Chancellor and Minister for Economics and Energy, were also present during the trade days which showcased the work of the DLR (national aeronautics and space An Hispano HA-200 taxis past an Airbus A400M. ILA. research centre) and the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (the leading organisation for applied research in Europe) which are the main German research think-tanks with their newest technology clusters From left: Sigmar Gabriel, and industry partners. Thursday saw the ILA being German Minister for attended by Ambassadors and Diplomatic Corps Economics and Energy, in discussion with Gerhard members accredited in Germany. Henselmann, MD, Elettronica The Bundeswehr (German Armed Forces) was GmbH and Chairman, RAeS the largest individual exhibitor and used the Munich Branch. opportunity to mount an impressive display in front of their Defence Minister and the many industrial partners and suppliers who were present. The display represented a simulated mission to secure a landing area and utilised the full range of their capabilities with UAVs, Tornados, Eurofi ghters and helicopters. Over 120,000 visitors attended the trade days and, from Friday to Sunday, the fl ying displays attracted crowds of public visitors. The Turkish Air THE SPACE Force F-16 displayed impressively in a high alpha PAVILION AND routine, ejecting fl ares and smoke. Exciting formation displays were provided by the Patrouille A SPECIAL Suisse and the French Breitling Jet Team. Heritage ECO-EFFICIENT warbirds, such as an Me262 replica, and airborne FLIGHT giants like the A380, Boeing 747-8, An-124, A400M and A350 drew crowds to the static and organised public transportation system were very EXHIBITION fl ying displays. Altogether, more than 300 aircraft much appreciated by the visitors to an ILA which WERE from every era were on display. made an effective contribution to the 2014 air show ATTRACTIONS The organisers reported that over 30 hours of calendar with its successful, exciting and incident- fl ying displays were staged to the delight of the free event. WHICH visitors, aerospace specialists and aviation fanatics ESPECIALLY and that this year’s event had attracted the second Gerhard Henselmann INTERESTED highest number of exhibitors in its 105-year history. FRAeS The excellently laid-out exhibition area and well- Chairman, Munich Branch VISITORS

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2014 51 Afterburner Diary

EVENTS www.aerosociety/events LECTURES www.aerosociety/events

2 July New EU Framework for Consumer Complaints: Time for a New Air Ombudsman? Professor Christopher Hodges Air Law Lecture and Summer Reception Bond Group Aviation

3-4 July Technology: Friend or Foe? The Introduction of Automation to Offshore Operations Rotorcraft Group Conference

7 July Sopwith Lecture: The Aerospace Technology Enterprise: Latent The second prototype de Havilland Vampire, LZ551/G, became the fi rst jet to land on an aircraft Growth or Losing Ground? carrier on 3 December 1945 when Lt Cdr Eric Brown landed it on HMS Ocean. It is seen here Sir Brian Burridge, VP Strategic Marketing, Finmeccanica during its fi rst take-off. Capt Eric Brown will deliver the inaugural Eric Brown Lecture at Yeovilton on Named Lecture 29 July. RAeS (NAL). 22-24 July Advanced Aero Concepts, Design and Operations Aerodynamics Group Conference BEDFORD E [email protected] OXFORD University of Bristol, Bristol, UK ARA Social Club, Manton 12 August — Sydney Basin The Magdalen Centre, Oxford Lane, Bedford. 6.30 pm. Aviation Plan. Dr Warren Science Park, Oxford. 7 pm. 22 July Marylyn Wood, T +44 (0)1933 Mundy. Nigel Randell, E Lanchester Lecture 353517. 9 September — Ian Fleming [email protected] Chris Lee, Aerodynamics Engineering Lead, Future Combat Air 10 September — Graphene Lecture and Dinner. AVM 15 July — From talking to the Systems, BAE Systems Military Air & Information — unexpected science in Margaret Staib, CEO, Air Taliban to RAF Centenary solo Aerodynamics Group Named Lecture a pencil trace. Dr Aravind Services. Great Hall, University circumnavigation. Gp Capt University of Bristol, Bristol, UK Vijayaraghavan, Lecturer in House, ANU. Mark Manwaring. Nanomaterials, School of 16 September — A new 2-5 September Materials, The University of CRANWELL light aircraft design and 40th European Rotorcraft Forum 2014 Manchester. Tedder Room, Whittle Hall, development project. Andrew Rotorcraft Group Conference RAF Cranwell. 7 pm. Barber. Southampton, UK BRISBANE 7 July — Flying the Phantom Stamford Plaza, Brisbane. F-4 with 892NAS/HMS Ark PRESTON 15 September E [email protected] Royal. Andy Lister-Tomlinson. Personnel and Conference Flight Cutaways 7-9 July — Aerospace Centre, BAE Systems, Warton. Tim Hall Futures. Three-day conference HAMBURG 7.30 pm. Alan Matthews, Historical Group Lecture for university students Auditorium of the Airbus T +44 (0)1995 61470. organised by the Australian Conference Center (ACC), 17 September — Hawker 23-25 September Youth Aerospace Association. Airbus, Finkenwerder. 6.30 pm. Siddeley P1154. Michael Price, The International Pilot Training Consortium: Next Steps? If you do not hold an Airbus Lecturer, Centre for Defence 9th Annual International Flight Crew Training Conference BRISTOL security pass, please email Acquisition, Defence Academy UWE Conference Centre. [email protected] for the UK, Shrivenham. 23 September Alessandra Badino T +44 or T +49 (0)40 743 72170 Capt Ray Jones Lecture (0)751 529 7787. before 2 pm on Friday, 27 QUEENSLAND Flight Simulation Group Lecture 2 July — Barnwell Lecture. June to register. Pullman Brisbane Hotel, Roma Lightning II and bringing it into 1 July — Inaugural annual Street, Brisbane. 6 pm. E 30 September service. Cdre Rick Thompson Gerhard Sedlmayr Lecture. [email protected] Detect and Avoid RN, IPT lead Lightning II. Pioneer aviator and his 23 July — Hudson Fysh Unmanned Air Systems Group Workshop commitment to safety and Dinner Lecture. Leadership CAMBRIDGE rescue. Andreas Sedlmayr, in aviation — the role of 7-9 October Lecture Theatre ‘O’ of Managing Director, Autofl ug government. David Forsyth AM. 4th Aircraft Structural Design Conference the Cambridge University GmbH. Structures and Materials Group Conference Engineering Department, WASHINGTON DC Queen’s University, Belfast Trumpington Street, LOUGHBOROUGH British Embassy, 3100 Cambridge. 7.30 pm. Jin-Hyun Room U020, Brockington Massachusettes Avenue, NW, 8-9 October Yu, T +44 (0)1223 373129. Building, Loughborough Washington, DC. 6 pm. The Strategic Choices for Space 11 September — The Hybrid University. 7.30 pm. Colin 18 September — Unmanned President’s Conference Air Vehicles Airlander project. Moss, T +44 (0)1509 aerial vehicles. David Stewart, Head of Flight 239962. Sciences, HAV. 23 September — Flying the YEOVILTON All lectures start at 18.00hrs unless otherwise stated. Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird Nuffi eld Bar, Little Yeovilton, Conference proceedings are available at CANBERRA strategic reconnaissance RNAS Yeovilton. 6 pm. www.aerosociety.com/news/proceedings Military Theatre ADFA. 6 pm. aircraft. Col Richard Graham, 29 July — Inaugural Eric Brown Jon Pike, USAF retired. Lecture. Capt Eric Brown.

52 AEROSPACE / JULY 2014 Society News RAeS COUNCIL 2014-2015 Following the 2014 Council elections, the Branches Committee Chair following were elected to serve for three years Mr Mike Goulette FRAeS (ex offi cio) until May 2017: Prof David Allerton CEng FRAeS Specialist Groups Committee Chair Prof Chris Atkin CEng FRAeS Mr Jerry Graham CEng MRAeS (ex offi cio) Marc Bailey MRAeS Phil Boyle CEng FRAeS In attendance David Chinn CEng FRAeS Chief Executive: Mr Simon Luxmoore MBA FRAeS Ian Middleton FRAeS Honorary Solicitor: Mr Patrick Slomski Air Cdre Jayne Millington FRAeS

The Council for 2014-2015 is:

President Air Cdre Bill Tyack CBE FRAeS RAF (Retired) BOARD OF TRUSTEES 2014-2015 (ex offi cio) Mr Phil Boyle BSc(Eng) MSc CEng MIEE FRAeS (Chairman) President-Elect Air Cdre Bill Tyack CBE FRAeS RAF (Retired) (President) Mr Martin Broadhurst OBE MA CDir FIoD FRAeS Mr Martin Broadhurst OBE MA CDir FIoD FRAeS (President-Elect) (ex offi cio) Mrs Jenny Body OBE FRAeS (Past-President) Mrs Joanne Lindsay Eur Eng BSc CPhys MInstP CEng MAPM MRAeS Past-President Dr Donald Richardson PhD Hon FAIAA FRAeS Mrs Jenny Body OBE FRAeS (ex offi cio) Ms Jane Middleton FRAeS Sir John O’Reilly FREng FRAeS Elected members Mr Howard Wheeldon FRAeS Prof David Allerton BSc CEng FIEE FRAeS (Audit & Compliance Board Chair) Prof Chris Atkin MA PhD CEng FRAeS (Professional Standards Board Chair) Mr Marc Bailey MRAeS Mr Lee R Balthazor BTech(Hons) MSc DMS CEng International Flight Crew Training Conference FAPM FCMI FRAeS Mr Phil Boyle BSc(Eng) MSc CEng MIEE FRAeS THE INTERNATIONAL PILOT Mr David Chinn BSc(Hons) CEng FRAeS MIET AIL Prof Jonathan Cooper CEng FRAeS TRAINING CONSORTIUM: Capt Hugh Dibley MCILT FRIN FRAeS NEXT STEPS?

Capt Joachim Kramer FRAeS Register Before 11 July and Receive a £100 Early Bird Discount Mrs Joanne Lindsay Eur Eng BSc CPhys MInstP (Excludes Baseline Member Rate) CEng MAPM MRAeS LONDON / 23 - 25 SEPTEMBER 2014 Mr Ian Middleton BA(Hons) MBA FRAeS The Annual International Air Cdre Jayne Millington FRAeS FCMI RAF Flight Crew Training Dr Thurai Rahulan BSc(Hons) PhD AMIMechE Conference will examine Affi liate the work undertaken by the Dr Donald Richardson PhD Hon FAIAA FRAeS IPTC and will address the Prof Graham Roe IEng FRAeS issues facing the flight crew (Learned Society Board Chair) training community from Ms Lara Small MRAeS the perspectives of aircraft Mrs Clare Walker MA CRAeS operators; manufacturers; Dr Alisdair Wood CEng FRAeS makers, users & providers of training systems; (Membership Services Board Chair) researchers and regulators.

Division Presidents (all ex offi cio) www.aerosociety.com/events

Air Cdre Noel G Schmidt AM CSC (Retired) FRAeS IPTC Partners (Australian Division) Gp Capt Frank Sharp FRAeS (New Zealand Division) Pakistan Division AM Salim Arshad FRAeS ( ) Sponsors Prof Laurent Dala FRAeS (South African Division)

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2014 53 Afterburner Corporate Partners NEW PARTNERS EVENTS

Please note: attendance at Corporate Partner Briefi ngs is strictly The Royal Aeronautical Society would like to exclusive to staff of RAeS Corporate Partners. Unless otherwise welcome the following as Corporate Partners. advised, registration for Corporate Partner Briefi ngs is at 16.30 hrs. KWARA STATE UNIVERSITY Tuesday 1 July 2014 / London PMB 1530, Malete, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. The New DE&S Entity T +234 803 191 5699 Corporate Partner Briefi ng by Bernard Gray, Chief of Defence Materiel, E [email protected] Ministry of Defence W www.kwasu.edu.ng Sponsored by Boeing UK Contact Prof Abdul-Rasheed Na’Allah, Vice Chancellor and Tuesday 23 September 2014 / London Chief Executive Developments in UK military air safety and regulation (title tba) Corporate Partner Briefi ng by AM Richard Garwood, Director-General, Kwara State University, founded 2009, is the Military Aviation Authority fi rst and only University in Nigeria with a degree Sponsored by Christy Aerospace & Technology programme in aeronautics and astronautics, which makes the programme stands out as one Monday 20 October 2014 / London of the signature degree programmes of the Industry and SDSR 2015 university. With collaboration with the International Corporate Partner Briefi ng by Sir Peter Luff MP Sponsored by UTC Aerospace Systems Aviation College, Ilorin, KWASU has made the training of aeronautic engineers a national and Wednesday 26 November 2014 / London African regional priority. KWASU’s other fl agships The Outlook for the British Economy include tourism and hospitality management, Corporate Partner Briefi ng by Dame DeAnne Julius, Non-Executive Director, performing arts, geology, linguistics and African Deloitte UK, Roche and Jones Lang LaSalle languages, agriculture, special education and mass communication, among others where www.aerosociety.com/events greater numbers of students consistently win For further information, please contact Gail Ward the undergraduate research awards in higher E [email protected] or T +44 (0)1491 629912 proportion.

THE INTERNATIONAL AVIATION WOMENS ASSOCIATION Suite 201, 2105 Laurel THE AIM OF THE Bush Road, Bel Air, Maryland 21015, USA CORPORATE T +1 443 640 1056 PARTNER E [email protected] EMBRY-RIDDLE AERONAUTICAL W www.iawa.org SCHEME IS UNIVERSITY Contact TO BRING 600 South Clyde Morris Blvd, Daytona Beach, Zoe Layden, Senior Broker Relationship/Key TOGETHER Florida 32114, USA Account Manager T +1 386 226 6970 ORGANISATIONS W www.erau.edu Founded in 1988, the International Aviation TO PROMOTE Contact Womens Association (IAWA) brings together BEST PRACTICE John Watret, Chancellor women of achievement in the aviation industry and promotes their advancement internationally WITHIN THE As the world’s leader in aviation and aerospace through the establishment of a worldwide network INTERNATIONAL education, our mission is to teach the science, of aviation professional contacts. IAWA is an AEROSPACE practice and business of aviation and aerospace, international organisation for women who hold preparing students for productive careers and senior positions in the aviation and aerospace SECTOR leadership roles in service around the world. industry including airport management and With more than 150 campuses worldwide and consulting, commercial, general and business diverse modalities for learning, Embry-Riddle is aviation, banking and leasing, economic and Contact: committed to providing a climate that facilitates business consulting, education and research, Simon Levy the highest standards of academic achievement engineering, fi nance, government, insurance, Corporate Partner Manager and knowledge discovery, in an interpersonal international relations, law, manufacturing, media E [email protected] environment that supports the unique needs of and space. For more information visit www.iawa.org T +44 (0)20 7670 4346 each individual.

54 AEROSPACE / JULY 2014 Obituaries CHARLES FREDERICK HUGHESDON

AFC FRAeS urer and Chairman of Aeronautical Trusts Limited 1909–2014 from 1969 to 1985. His very readable autobiography Flying made it happen was published in 2003. Charles Frederick Hughesdon lived a very full life Apart from fl ying, his main career was in to the great age of 104. He obtained his fi rst pilot’s insurance and, due to his foresight and business licence in 1932 and subsequently fl ew almost acumen, he became a pioneer of aviation insurance, 10,000 hours on fi xed-wing aircraft and over 1,000 now a worldwide industry. hours on helicopters. His enthusiasm for rotorcraft After Dessie died in 1993, he married Lady Carol led Charles and his fi rst wife Dessie (the actress and Havers who survives him, along with his adopted son entertainer Florence Desmond, the widow of aviator from his fi rst marriage Michael Hughesdon and two A full obituary for Tom Campbell Black) to hold the legendary annual stepsons from his second marriage: Philip Havers QC Charles may be found RAeS Helicopter Garden Parties in the grounds of and actor Nigel Havers. on the Society’s website Dunsborough Park, their country house in Surrey. All Charles Hughesdon died on 11 April 2014. at: www.aerosociety. the helicopters would land on the far side of the He was an exceptional pilot and a unique Fellow in com/News/Society- ha-ha, then the pilots and other guests came across every sense of the word. Truly a legend in his own News/2258/Obituary- the bridge to the lawn and the marquee. long lifetime. Charles-Frederick- Charles served the Society as Honorary Treas- David Lang MRAeS ACMA Hughesdon LT CDR JOHN G P MORTON

OBE RN Retired pilots fully cleared to fl y that aircraft as P1 on a 1925–2014 regular basis. His spirited demonstrations fl ying the Fairey John Morton, Test Pilot with Fairey Aviation and later Ultra-light to and from the back of a lorry at the Westland Helicopters, has died in New Zealand at SBAC Shows in the late 1950s were spectacular the age of 89. When Westland concentrated its Flight Test John joined the Royal Navy in 1942, serving facilities at Yeovil, John worked on the Wasp as a fi ghter pilot fl ying Corsairs with 1835 NAS in programme and was Project Pilot for the Naval Lynx HMS Colossus and Theseus. development, taking the Naval prototype (XX469) One of the fi rst RN pilots to convert to helicop- on its fi rst fl ight on 25 May 1972, and seeing the ters, John was seconded to Fairey in 1955, joining type through its development phase into service in as a Helicopter Test Pilot shortly after, at the start of 1977. their tip jet activities. His distinguished fl ight test career was Working closely with W R Gellatly, the two recognised by the award of the OBE and, in 1965, played a major part in the technical success of the the RAeS Alan Marsh Medal. Rotodyne and John was probably one of only two David Gibbings MBE CEng FRAeS

PETER BERRY

MRAeS 1965, he gained his Area Control ratings and moved 1927–2014 to the Scottish Airways and Oceanic Control Centres at Prestwick. Initially working as a sector controller Peter Berry was born in New Zealand but he and in Scottish, Peter gravitated towards the Shanwick his family returned to the UK in 1931. In 1941, he Oceanic operation where the early turbojet types joined the Air Training Corps which gave him the were demanding a step change in the procedures chance to volunteer as an airfi eld controller with the and technology deployed. Peter retired in July 1987. Ministry of Aircraft Production. After Peter was de- Soon after arriving at Prestwick, Peter became mobbed from National Service in 1948 he applied involved with the RAeS Prestwick Branch. After spells to the Ministry of Supply and found himself working as Chairman and Secretary he spent 15 years as a A full obituary for Peter in the control tower at Farnborough. A particular low very active President before standing down in 2006. may be found on the came on 6 September 1952, when the de Havilland Peter was instrumental in the establishment of the Society’s website at: DH110 broke up during that year’s air show, killing Prestwick Flying Group in 1973 and gained his private www.aerosociety.com/ the two crew and 29 on the ground. pilot’s licence soon after. He was a prolifi c aviation News/Society-News/ In 1955 Peter was posted on to RAE Bedford, historian, with many books and articles to his credit. to continue his involvement with test fl ying but, in David Lacey CEng MRAeS

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2014 55 Afterburner Elections

FELLOWS Jody Hopkins Joseph Bickerton Sajid Iqbal Nicholas Butterfi eld SOCIETY OFFICERS Lance Annicelli Robert James Simone Capuzzi President: Air Cdre Bill Tyack Laurence Berryman Priyalal Jayasundera Thomas Heathcote President-Elect: Martin Broadhurst Thorsten Brandt Robert Johnson Murad Khader Justin Chapman Julie Larkman Mabruk Kuwier BOARD CHAIRMEN Patrick Clayton Craig Lawson Leonardo Lupelli Robert Dick Chris Leavitt Abhishek Nigam Audit and Compliance Chairman: Peter Eadie Andrew Mainwaring Hadas Porat Prof David Allerton Andy Evans Rory Martin Martin Royle Learned Society Chairman: Prof Graham Roe John Froelich Cormac McFarlane Nick Shaw Membership Services Chairman: Karl Griffi n Jacobus Meyer Simon Ware Dr Alisdair Wood Robert Hemmings Rakesh Mistry Professional Standards Chairman: Bruce Holmes William Moffat ASSOCIATES Prof Chris Atkin Desmond Howard Christopher Murphy Philip Hunt Gayan Muthumala Andrew Forsyth DIVISION PRESIDENTS Dimov Ilcev Lilian Muwina Ekin Inceleme Llyr Jones Folayosoreoluwa Adam Rose Australia: Air Cdre Noel G Schmidt Brian Musselman Osekita New Zealand: Gp Capt Frank Sharp Richard Norriss James Robson E-ASSOCIATES Pakistan: AM Salim Arshad Brian Penfold Rakesh Singh South African: Prof Laurent Dala Mitch Preston Will Skinner Nabeel Abdulla Helena Reidemar Lara Small Scott Chappell David Simpson Andrew Smith Michael Corbin Fraser Spence Cameron Stephen Kerissa Khan Richard Thorne Jonathan Stephens Abhinav Kshitij Philip Wadey Deborah Suart Marian Zastawny Philip Thorne MEMBERS Ian Turner AFFILIATES Tracy Vallance Jibumon Balan Babu Justin Waugh Lucia Bissoli Recent elections to Fabian Bauer Jennifer Whitby Martin Topping Engineering Council Michael Benjamin Richard Bennett ASSOCIATE STUDENT AFFILIATES Registration James Bertie MEMBERS Stephen Bishop Emwiramen Aghimien Steven Blunden Folashade Ajala Zydrune Batvinyte CHARTERED Andrew William Penn George Bostock Giulio Banchini Lucia Bissoli ENGINEERS Sean Christopher Martin Bradley Robert Beveridge David Firstbrook Perkins Anthony Brown Febin Varghese Mohammad Maaz Syed Geoffrey John Simpson Alex Clarke Thomas Barton David Thomas Williams James Clayton Ian Michael Beresford Andrew Clements Phillip Keith Bissett ENGINEERING Andrew Cockerell Steven Robert Bowen TECHNICIANS David Cowley Pramesh Chandra Rachel Cunliffe WITH REGRET Jonathan Cooper Simon Philip Ware Robin Eastham Philip Lawrence Joseph Bickerton Matthew Evans The RAeS announces with regret the deaths of the Dennehy Eloise Fowler following members: Leon James Edwards INCORPORATED Carl Garvie Richard Friend ENGINEERS Melissa Griffi ths Ian Stuart Alexander MRAeS 92 Brett Gillies Kurt Grosse Thomas Kenneth Garrett CEng MRAeS 94 Timothy James Green Ian Robert Denington Stephen Guynan Andrew Hewitt Kenneth David Hughes Michael Hales Alfred Lewis Gilder CEng MRAeS 92 Graham Andrew Martin Jewell Faran Hameed John Kevin Harte OBE FRAeS 70 Holland Edward Russell James Hanlon Jeremy David Hughes Spencer Jones James Thomas Dennis Holt Paul Harris CEng MRAeS 89 David Frank Marsden Samuel Wilson James Harrison Gordon Frederick Osborne MBE CEng MRAeS Alexander David McDowell Mark Harrison Marshall David John Rackliff 75 Mark Hasted Gordon McBain Irene Ruiz Gabernet Nicholas Hermansky Peter Ward FRAeS 87 Paul Robert McKernan Akhil Viz

56 AEROSPACE / JULY 2014 Society News Aerodynamics Conference

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Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2014 57 The Last Word

COMMENTARY FROM Professor Keith Hayward RAeS Head of Research

British aerospace showcase

A Farnborough show is always a good place to visit the global aerospace supply chain in a handily compact space (although on a hot trade day that may be a relative concept). The show also refl ects the history onset of aerospace globalisation: from the 1950s the show was limited to domestic products; then in the collaborative era opened to projects involving British fi rms, and fi nally embracing internationalism in the 1970s. The modern Farnborough is also a great opportunity to show UK politicians an impressive UK manufacturing presence that was unequivocally world-class Business Minister Mark Prisk MP (right) at the 2012 Farnborough Air Show. (although one guest I took round a show proudly claimed British ownership of the wrong Airbus undercarriage). And the point being? The fact that few, if any, of the fl ying programme The role of foreign investment in British industry now feature a British-made aeroplane (outside of has once again become a highly political issue. the weekend’s public demonstrations) is of little The recent furore over the Pfi zer bid for Astra signifi cance. Superb Anglo-Welsh wings; Derby Zenica (itself a UK-Swedish company) centred on engines; West Country helicopters and avionics ownership and control and whether US ownership and much besides are reasonable compensation. would be good or bad for wealth creation in Britain. Over the years, some of the corporate names Battle lines were drawn and insults were traded: changed and, more signifi cantly, migrated in terms heat was generated but not always light. More of fl ag carrying. There were some tangible benefi ts subtle points about whether either giant offered the — Italian food instead of Somerset bangers and best way forward in promoting national science or, mash — but to many observers, this has seemed a for that matter, producing drugs that society might worrying trend. This was exacerbated when BAE actually need (a new range of antibiotics comes to Systems sold its stake in Airbus and Smiths was mind) at an affordable price were sometimes lost in absorbed by General Electric. the argument. Ownership, control and wealth creation — the Globalisation of an industry same litany has a salience for aerospace. So far, In global business history terms, aerospace the balance of interest is about even: wholesale SO FAR, THE globalisation (measured by investment, not transfer of assets has not happened to any marked BALANCE OF component supply or collaborative ventures) has degree; UK companies benefi t from other nation’s INTEREST IS been a long time coming. The close relationship investment in aerospace (US ITAR permitting of between the industry and national security, as well ABOUT EVEN: course); public investment in the sector helps to pin in some cases, public ownership of major assets down the foreigners. In extremis a governmental WHOLESALE made anything else other than national ownership ‘golden share’ protects three core UK aerospace TRANSFER OF diffi cult to sustain. Moving rapidly to the last decade assets from casual predation. Nevertheless, the ASSETS HAS NOT of the 20th century, UK companies were leaders potential loss of any one of this triad would be worth HAPPENED TO in overseas investment (mainly in the US); the UK a struggle to oppose and would demand some ANY MARKED in turn has been the most open country to inward political backbone to protect a national interest in a DEGREE investment in the defence and aerospace sector. globalised environment.

58 AEROSPACE / JULY 2014 Rotorcraft Conference Structures & Materials Group Conference

4TH AIRCRAFT 40TH EUROPEAN STRUCTURAL DESIGN ROTORCRAFT FORUM Publications Partner CONFERENCE

SOUTHAMPTON / 2-5 SEPTEMBER 2014 QUEEN’S UNIVERSITY BELFAST / 7 - 9 OCTOBER 2014 The European Rotorcraft Future aircraft will be complex, Forum is one of the premier requiring multi-disciplinary events in the rotorcraft design approaches and community’s calendar, solutions in a distributed bringing together design environment. The manufacturers, research Royal Aeronautical Society’s centres, academia,operators 4th Aircraft Structural and regulatory agencies Design Conference will to discuss advances in address the challenges facing research, development, the designers of the next design,manufacturing, testing generation of aircraft. and operation of rotorcraft. For more information and to view the full programme please visit our website. www.erf2014.com www.aerosociety.com/events

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