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Ecological Site R048AY451UT Mountain Stony Loam (Browse)

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Ecological Site R048AY451UT Mountain Stony Loam (Browse) Natural Resources Conservation Service Ecological site R048AY451UT Mountain Stony Loam (Browse) Accessed: 10/01/2021 General information Figure 1. Mapped extent Areas shown in blue indicate the maximum mapped extent of this ecological site. Other ecological sites likely occur within the highlighted areas. It is also possible for this ecological site to occur outside of highlighted areas if detailed soil survey has not been completed or recently updated. Classification relationships Modal Soil: Tosca GR-SL, 25-40% — loamy-skeletal, mixed Typic Calciborolls Table 1. Dominant plant species Tree Not specified Shrub (1) Amelanchier utahensis (2) Cercocarpus montanus Herbaceous Not specified Physiographic features Mountain Slopes, Plateau Shoulder Slopes and Summits Table 2. Representative physiographic features Landforms (1) Mountai n slope (2) Plateau Elevation 2,103–2,713 m Slope 4–50% Aspect N, SE Climatic features Average annual precipitation is 16 to 20 inches. Approximately 55 percent occurs as rain from May through October. On the average, November through June are the driest months and July through October are the wettest months. Cool temperatures and length of growing season are important environmental factors in this site. In average years, plants begin growth around April 20 and end growth around September 30. Table 3. Representative climatic features Frost-free period (average) 90 days Freeze-free period (average) 0 days Precipitation total (average) 508 mm Influencing water features Soil features The soil is very deep and well-drained. They formed in colluvium and residuum derived mainly from mixed sedimentary parent materials. Permeability is moderate to moderately slow and runoff is moderate to rapid. Available water capacity is 4 to 10 inches and water supplying capacity is 8 to 14 inches. Table 4. Representative soil features Drainage class Well drained Permeability class Moderate to moderately slow Soil depth 152 cm Ecological dynamics As this site deteriorates due to grazing pressure, perennial grasses, and palatable shrubs may decrease while less palatable shrubs and forbs may increase. This ecosystem appears to be a fire dependent community. In the absence of fire it may (at least in higher elevations) progress to a climatic climax of Douglas fir. Further study may in fact, show that this is a fire disclimax of mountain stony loam (Douglas fir). State and transition model Ecosystem states 1. Reference State State 1 submodel, plant communities 1.1. Reference State State 1 Reference State Community 1.1 Reference State The dominant aspect of this site is Utah serviceberry, and birchleaf mountainmahogany. The potential plant community by air-dry weight is composed of approximately 20 percent perennial grasses, 10 percent forbs, and 70 percent shrubs. Table 5. Annual production by plant type Low Representative Value High Plant Type (Kg/Hectare) (Kg/Hectare) (Kg/Hectare) Shrub/Vine 667 981 1216 Grass/Grasslike 191 280 347 Forb 95 140 174 Total 953 1401 1737 Table 6. Ground cover Tree foliar cover 0% Shrub/vine/liana foliar cover 49-51% Grass/grasslike foliar cover 14-16% Forb foliar cover 4-6% Non-vascular plants 0% Biological crusts 0% Litter 0% Surface fragments >0.25" and <=3" 0% Surface fragments >3" 0% Bedrock 0% Water 0% Bare ground 0% Table 7. Canopy structure (% cover) Grass/ Height Above Ground (M) Tree Shrub/Vine Grasslike Forb <0.15 – – – – >0.15 <= 0.3 – – – 4-6% >0.3 <= 0.6 – – 14-16% – >0.6 <= 1.4 – – – – >1.4 <= 4 – 49-51% – – >4 <= 12 – – – – >12 <= 24 – – – – >24 <= 37 – – – – >37 – – – – Additional community tables Table 8. Community 1.1 plant community composition Annual Production Foliar Cover Group Common Name Symbol Scientific Name (Kg/Hectare) (%) Shrub/Vine Shrub/Vine 0 Dominant Shrubs 656–1020 alderleaf mountain CEMO2 Cercocarpus montanus 219–291 – mahogany Utah serviceberry AMUT Amelanchier utahensis 219–291 – mountain big sagebrush ARTRV Artemisia tridentata ssp. 73–146 – vaseyana antelope bitterbrush PUTR2 Purshia tridentata 73–146 – mountain snowberry SYOR2 Symphoricarpos oreophilus 73–146 – 3 Sub-Dominant Shrubs 117–291 Shrub (>.5m) 2SHRUB Shrub (>.5m) 44–73 – yellow rabbitbrush CHVI8 Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus 15–44 – creeping barberry MARE11 Mahonia repens 15–44 – plains pricklypear OPPO Opuntia polyacantha 15–44 – wild crab apple PERA4 Peraphyllum ramosissimum 15–44 – Gambel oak QUGA Quercus gambelii 15–44 – Grass/Grasslike 0 Dominant Grasses 175–291 needle and thread HECO26 Hesperostipa comata 44–73 – saline wildrye LESAS Leymus salinus ssp. salinus 44–73 – western wheatgrass PASM Pascopyrum smithii 44–73 – muttongrass POFE Poa fendleriana 44–73 – 1 Sub-Dominant Grasses 233–437 Grass, annual 2GA Grass, annual 44–73 – Grass, perennial 2GP Grass, perennial 44–73 – Indian ricegrass ACHY Achnatherum hymenoides 15–29 – Letterman's needlegrass ACLE9 Achnatherum lettermanii 15–29 – blue grama BOGR2 Bouteloua gracilis 15–29 – California brome BRCA5 Bromus carinatus 15–29 – Ross' sedge CARO5 Carex rossii 15–29 – squirreltail ELEL5 Elymus elymoides 15–29 – slender wheatgrass ELTR7 Elymus trachycaulus 15–29 – prairie Junegrass KOMA Koeleria macrantha 15–29 – Sandberg bluegrass POSE Poa secunda 15–29 – bluebunch wheatgrass PSSP6 Pseudoroegneria spicata 15–29 – Forb 2 Sub-Dominant Forbs 379–1311 Forb, annual 2FA Forb, annual 44–219 – Forb, perennial 2FP Forb, perennial 44–219 – common yarrow ACMI2 Achillea millefolium 15–44 – littleleaf pussytoes ANMI3 Antennaria microphylla 15–44 – looseflower milkvetch ASTE5 Astragalus tenellus 15–44 – arrowleaf balsamroot BASA3 Balsamorhiza sagittata 15–44 – Wyoming Indian paintbrush CALI4 Castilleja linariifolia 15–44 – bastard toadflax COUM Comandra umbellata 15–44 – twolobe larkspur DENU2 Delphinium nuttallianum 15–44 – shaggy fleabane ERPU2 Erigeron pumilus 15–44 – sulphur-flower buckwheat ERUM Eriogonum umbellatum 15–44 – Nevada pea LALA3 Lathyrus lanszwertii 15–44 – narrowleaf stoneseed LIIN2 Lithospermum incisum 15–44 – tansy dogshade LIPI2 Limnosciadium pinnatum 15–44 – tailcup lupine LUCAC3 Lupinus caudatus ssp. caudatus 15–44 – hoary tansyaster MACA2 Machaeranthera canescens 15–44 – tufted evening primrose OECA10 Oenothera caespitosa 15–44 – Parry's goldenrod ORPA3 Oreochrysum parryi 15–44 – lobeleaf groundsel PAMU11 Packera multilobata 15–44 – Rocky Mountain PEST2 Penstemon strictus 15–44 – penstemon longleaf phlox PHLO2 Phlox longifolia 15–44 – scarlet globemallow SPCO Sphaeralcea coccinea 15–44 – Animal community This site provides proper grazing for cattle and sheep during summer, and fall. This site provides food and cover for many species of wildlife. Wildlife species using this site include sage grouse, rabbit, coyote, mule deer, and elk. Hydrological functions The soil series in this site are in hydrologic group b and the hydrologic curve number is 61 when the vegetation is in good condition. Recreational uses This site offers color and aesthetic appeal during the growing season. Recreation values include hiking and hunting. Wood products None, except for wood for campfires. Contributors Garth W. Leishman, Lars Rassmussen Rangeland health reference sheet Interpreting Indicators of Rangeland Health is a qualitative assessment protocol used to determine ecosystem condition based on benchmark characteristics described in the Reference Sheet. A suite of 17 (or more) indicators are typically considered in an assessment. The ecological site(s) representative of an assessment location must be known prior to applying the protocol and must be verified based on soils and climate. Current plant community cannot be used to identify the ecological site. Author(s)/participant(s) Contact for lead author Date 10/01/2021 Approved by Approval date Composition (Indicators 10 and 12) based on Annual Production Indicators 1. Number and extent of rills: Some rills present. Rill development may increase following large storm events, but should begin to heal during the following growing season. Frost heaving will accelerate recovery. Rill development may increase when run inflow enters site from other sites that produce large amounts of runoff (i.e. steeper sites, slickrock, rock outcrop). 2. Presence of water flow patterns: Water flow patterns will be short (2-5’) and meandering; interrupted by plants and exposed rocks. Some evidence of erosion or deposition associated with flow patterns. Where slopes exceed 5%, water flow patterns may be longer (5–10’). 3. Number and height of erosional pedestals or terracettes: Plants may have small pedestals (1-3”) where they are adjacent to water flow patterns, but without exposed roots. Terracettes should be few and stable. Terracettes should be small (1-3”) and show little sign of active erosion. Some plants may appear to have a pedestal but rather than be formed by erosion, they are the result of litter and soil accumulating at plant bases, forming the appearance of a pedestal. 4. Bare ground from Ecological Site Description or other studies (rock, litter, lichen, moss, plant canopy are not bare ground): 20-30% bare ground (soil with no protection from raindrop impact). Very few if any bare spaces of greater than 1 square foot. In general, bare ground increases as production decreases. As species composition of shrubs relative to grasses increases, bare ground is likely to increase. Poorly developed biological soil crust that is susceptible to erosion from raindrop impact should be recorded as bare ground. 5. Number of gullies and erosion associated with gullies: None to very few. Gullies should show only minor signs
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