Project Reporttemplate

Final Report Project Code 2011SF06

Identification of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Suitable for Cultivation and Inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes for the State of Uttrakhand

Submitted to State Medicinal Plants Board (SMPB) Uttarakhand, Dehradun Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Principal Investigator Dr. Syed Arif Wali

Project Team Mr. Anirban Ganguly, Mr.Siddharth Edake, Mr. B.S. Negi, Dr. G. R. Gargya, Mr. Bhupal Singh, Ms. Arpna Arora

Photo credit Cover Page: Chamomile, Mint, Lemon Grass, Sarpagandha, Satawari, Kutki Shri. S.K.Singh, CCF (Research), Haldwani Damask Rose Mr. Nirpendra Chauhan, Centre for Aromatic Plants, Uttrakhand Atees, Tagar, Kuth Dr. Umeshkumar Tiwari- FRLHT, Bangalore *Credit for inside photos: Mentioned in each respective photograph

© The Energy and Resources Institute 2013 For more information Dr Syed Arif Wali, Fellow Tel. 2468 2100 or 2468 2111 TERI, Darbari Seth Block E-mail [email protected] IHC Complex, Lodhi Road Fax 2468 2144 or 2468 2145 New Delhi – 110 003 Web www.teriin.org India India +91 • Delhi (0)11

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Table of Contents Acknowledgments ...... v Abbreviation and Acronyms ...... vii Introduction ...... 1 Objectives of the study ...... 1 Tasks ...... 1 Methodology ...... 1 Review of secondary information ...... 2 Develop criteria for prioritization of MAPs ...... 2 Market survey ...... 3 Validation in the field ...... 4 Expert Consultation ...... 6 Economic analysis ...... 13 Approach ...... 14 Methodology ...... 14 Findings of the study ...... 14 Review of secondary information ...... 14 Market Survey Analysis and prioritization of species ...... 17 List of MAPs selected for cultivation and afforestation/agroforestry ...... 22 Economic analysis ...... 39 Sources of supply...... 41 Training workshop ...... 41 Conclusion ...... 41 Suggestions for promoting cultivation ...... 42 Overall Limitations of MAPs Sector ...... 44 Limitations of the Study ...... 45 Recommendations ...... 45 Way Forward ...... 45 Suggested roadmap and time frame to achieve the objectives of the study ...... 47 References ...... 47 Annexure 1 Survey format to collect information on plant materials / extracts used by traders/ suppliers/ Industries using plant based raw materials in their establishment ...... 51 Annexure 2 Study format for collecting information from cultivators of MAPs ...... 55 Annexure 3 List of industries contacted for the market survey ...... 63 Annexure 4 List of traders/ suppliers contacted for the market survey ...... 71 Annexure 5 Survyed farmers cultivating MAP in Uttara Khand State ...... 75

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Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Annexure 6 Market Demand (MT) of Medicinal and Aromatic herbs, tree, shrub and climber species ...... 79 Annexure 8: Details of various Aromatic Plants Economics obtained from CAP (Centre for Aromatic Plant), Selaqui, Dehradun ...... 86 Annexure 9: Details of various Aromatic Plants Economics obtained from FFDC (Fragrance and Flavour Development Centre), Kannauj...... 87 Annexure 10 a: Demask Rose Economics obtained from IHBT, Palampur (Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur), Himachal Pradesh...... 89 Annexure 10 b: BCR of some important plant as per the details obtained from CAP, Selaqui, Dehradun ...... 89 Annexure 11: Yield per hectare of MAPs Species...... 91 Annexure 12: Cost of Cultivation of MAPs Species ...... 93 Annexure 14: Selected MAPs and Subsidy provided by State and Central Government for Cultivation ...... 99 Annexure 15: Consultation meetings with experts ...... 101 Annexure 16: Field Interactions with Traders and Farmers ...... 107 Annexure 17: Farms Fields of selected medicinal and aromatic Plant Species ...... 115

List of Tables Table 1 Stakeholders for the market survey and the locations of the survey ...... 3 Table 2 List of villages selected for primary survey in Garhwal region ...... 5 Table 3 List of villages selected for primary survey in Kumaon region ...... 6 Table 4 List of Experts consulted for identification of MAP‟s ...... 7 Table 5 List of 26 Prioritized species for cultivation in Uttrakhand state by Govt. of Uttrakhand ...... 16 Table 6 List of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Species submitted to experts ...... 18 Table 7 Experts Recommendation for Cultivation ...... 23 Table 8 Selected species for cultivation on the basis of different criteria ...... 26 Table 9 Different expert‟s recommendation for Afforestation/Agroforestry ...... 29 Table 10 Selected Medicinal Plants for Afforestation/Agroforestry ...... 31 Table 11 List of plants which shows the potential for cultivation ...... 33 Table 12 List of plants which shows the potential for Afforestation /Agroforestry ...... 35 Table 13 Ecological Zone wise recommended and potential species of MAPs ...... 37 Table 14 Economic Analysis of selected Medicinal Herbs for cultivation ...... 40 Figure 2 Benefit cost ratio of the Medicinal plant species ...... 40 Table 15 Economic Analysis of selected Aromatic Herbs for cultivation ...... 40 Table 16 Selected 10 Species for manual Preparation as per TOR ...... 45 Table 17 Suggested 5 species for manual preparation by Review committee ...... 46

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Acknowledgments

We are thankful to the project authorities of Uttrakhand State Medicinal Plant Board (SMPB) for awarding us the consultancy for Identification of MAPs suitable for cultivation and inclusion in afforestation and income generation programme. We are particularly grateful to Mr. R. C. Sharma, Chief Executive Officer, SMPB, Uttarakhand and Dr.Rakesh Shah (IFS), Chairman, State Biodiversity Board, Uttrakhand for their continuous support during the conduct of this study. We thank Dr. R. B. S. Rawat, PCCF, and Uttarakhand Forest department for providing valuable suggestions throughout the study. We thank Dr. S. Farooq, President, Himalaya Drug Company, Dehradun, Dr. S. K. Patra, President and CEO, Mr.Pratesh Panwar, Production Manager, Mr. K.K. Mishra, Senior Manager, PatanjaliAyurved Ltd, Haridwar, Dr. Baba, CEO, Dabur India Limited, New Delhi, Dr.Asad Mueed, Director, Hamdard (Wakf) Laboratories, New Delhi, Dr.Sudhakar Agarwal, Director, EnvinBioceuticalsPvt. Ltd, Saharanpur, Dr.Amit Agarwal, Director, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd; Bangalore We are extremely grateful to Mr. N.S. Chauhan, Scientist In charge, CAP, Selaqui, Dr. R.K. Srivastava, Head, Biotech and IPFC, FFDC, Kannauj, Dr. A.K. Singh, CIMAP, Lucknow, Dr. S.K. Chandola (IFS), Managing Director, Uttarakhand Forest Development Cooperation, Dehradun, Sh. S.K Singh (IFS), CCF (Research), Haldwani, Dr. H.B. Naithani, Scientist (Retd.), FRI, Dehradun, Dr. A.K. Badoni, Secretary, and Dr. Kiran Badoni, Society for Himalayan Environmental Research, Dehradun, Dr. Bupendra Singh Adhikari, Scientist E, WII, Dehradun, Dr. M.C. Nautiyal, Head, High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre, Srinagar, Dr. Vijay Prasad Bhatt, Scientist, HRDI, Gopeshwar, Uttrakhand, Dr R.P. Kala, Rtd DFO, Dehradun, Dr. R.R. Rao, CSIR Emeritus Scientist for shortlisting the prioritized species for Uttrakhand. We are extremely thankful to Experts from FRLHT, Balgalore, Dr. D. K. Ved, (IFS) Advisor, Dr. Abdul Kareem, Assistant Director, FRLHT and National Project Manager, UNDP-GEF Project, Govt of India, Dr.Vanugopalan Nair, Assistant Director, Dr.Umeshkumar Tiwari, Senior Research Fellow, Dr. K. Ravi Kumar, Assistant Director for their unstinting support in providing overall guidance and suggestions from time to time. We also would like to thank Dr. J.S. Rawat, IUCN, New Delhi, Country Head and Former Director HRDI, Dr. A. K. Panday, Scientist F and Head NWFP Division, Tropical Forest Research Institute (TFRI), Jabalpur, Dr Promode Kant, Former Addl. PCCF and Director, Institute of Green Economy, New Delhi, Prof. Mohd. Anis, Chairman Department of Botany, AMU, Aligarh, Prof. Wazahat Husain, (Plant Taxonomist), AMU, Aligarh Dr. Ramesh Chandra Uniyal, Project Consultant, for their expert advice for selecting MAPs and kind cooperation throughout the study. We are obliged to Mr. M.M Joshi, Distinguished Fellow, TERI, New Delhi, Mr. A.S. Negi, Former Addl. PCCF, Uttarakhand, Chief Wild Life Warden and presently Consultant of TERI, Mr Arvind Rana, Field Manager, TERI Mukteshwar and Mr. Narayan Singh, Project Manager, TERI Mukteshwar for their technical inputs during the conduct of the study as well as for providing valuable comments and suggestions during the review of the report. We extend our thanks to the Mr. M. S. Gusain, Project Coordinator and Dr. Pankaj Shukla, Finance Officer, SMPB in providing continuous support

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

We are indebted to all the industrialists, traders and growers for their valuable inputs and their active participation during interaction. Special thanks are due to Dr. Prodipto Ghosh (IAS), Director, Earth Science and Climate Change, TERI for his support and encouragement.

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Abbreviation and Acronyms

Abbreviation Description and Acronyms

A Ayurveda

AYUSH Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa Rigpa and Homoeopathy, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India (Formerly Department of ISM &H)

B Beverages

BCR Benefit Cost Ratio

C Cosmetics

CAMP Conservation Assessment and Management Prioritization

CAP Centre for Aromatic Plants, Selaqui, Dehradun

CERPA Centre for Research, Planning & Action, New Delhi

CIMAP Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

CR Critically Endangered

Cu Culinary

EN Endangered

F Folk

FFDC Fragrance and Flavor Development Centre, Kannauj

FRI Forest Research Institute, Dehradun

FRLHT Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Tradition, Bengaluru

FS Food Supplements

GEF Global Environment Facility

GIZ Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (German Society for International Cooperation)

GoI Govt of India

H Homoeopathy hac Hectare

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Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Abbreviation Description and Acronyms

HAPPRC High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University

HD High Demand

HRDI Herbal Research Development Institute, Gopeshwar

IHBT Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP

IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature, New Delhi

I-AIM Institute of Ayurveda & Integrative Medicine, Bengaluru

Kg Kilogram

LD Low Demand lit liter

MAPs Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

MD Moderate Demand

MOEF Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi

MoRD Ministry of Rural Development

MT Metric Tonnes

NAEB National Afforestation and Eco-Development Board

NMPB National Medicinal Plant Board, New Delhi

NT Near Threatened

NWFP Non Wood Forest Produce

O Oils

P Perfumery

Ph Pharmaceutical

QPM Quality Planting Material

R&D Research and Development

RL Red List

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Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Abbreviation Description and Acronyms

S Siddha

SMPB State Medicinal Plant Board, Uttrakhand

T Tibetan

TERI The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

TFRI Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh

U Unani

UFDC Uttrakhand Forest Development Corporation

UNDP United Nations Development Programme, New Delhi

VU Vulnerable

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Identification of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Introduction The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) has been awarded a project titled „Identification of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs) suitable for cultivation and inclusion in afforestation and income generation programmes of NAEB, MoRD and state agencies‟. The project is a component of the GoI, UNDP-GEF Project “Mainstreaming conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plant diversity in three Indian states”. The UNDP-GEF project is implemented in the state of Uttarakhand, Arunachal Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. The project aims to mainstream long-term conservation, sustainable and equitable use of medicinal plant diversity into forest management policy and practice at the national, state and local level. TERI has been awarded the component, “Identification of MAPs suitable for cultivation and inclusion in afforestation and income generating programmes for the state of Uttarakhand.”

Objectives of the study The objectives of the study awarded to TERI was to identify approximately 5-6 species each of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs) suitable for cultivation & inclusion in afforestation programmes and income generation programmes. The overall goal of study was to identify MAPs suitable to be promoted on a large scale for cultivation and afforestation programmes to augment livelihood of the communities.

Tasks The tasks assigned to TERI were as follows: 1. Develop criteria for prioritization of MAPs for cultivation and afforestation programs. 2. Prepare state-wise priority lists of potential species for cultivation and afforestation from primary and secondary sources (5-6 species of medicinal plants and 5-6 species of aromatic plants) for commercial cultivation for the state, based on market study and comparative returns to the growers of the state in different geographical zones (alpine, temperate and sub-tropical) of Uttarakhand. 3. Validate and finalise the priority lists through field/market surveys. 4. Collate from published sources cultivation/ plantation packages in respect of selected species, and bring out available packages in the form of a manual. 5. Training of concerned staff/ farmer groups.

Methodology The step-wise methodology that was adopted to conduct the study is discussed in detail as given below:

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Review of secondary information The foremost step followed for conducting the assignment was review and analysis of secondary information. For this, published and unpublished literatures available in the public domain viz. documents of client, scientific papers, articles, reports, books etc. were reviewed. Review of studies of similar nature carried out by different researchers was also done. Information on market analysis and comparative return to growers in the different regions of Uttarakhand was reviewed and analysed. This along with primary data collected from the field formed an important data source for conducting the economic analysis. In Uttarakhand, lot of organization and institutes are working on medicinal and aromatic plants. Some of them are well known for this sector. During our study, we have contacted these institutes and collected their published information. All the information is being used in this report. Develop criteria for prioritization of MAPs There were lot of discussion and arguments to select the criteria for prioritization of MAP‟s. Every criterion has its merits and limitations. After long discussion the broad criteria that were adopted to identify the prioritized list of MAPs suitable for cultivation and afforestation for the state of Uttarakhand were:  Profitability factor  Availability of planting material  Agro technology (published, reliable and tested)  Market demand /supply position and future projections  Scope for value addition / processing  Farmers acceptability  Utilization range (single or multisector)  History of cultivation  Crop suitability to State (in terms of agro-climatic conditions) Apart from above we also considered factors like:  Conservation status & Ecological factors  Technical support available in concerned organisations  Level of ease for cultivation and shelf life of produce  Infrastructure for producing planting material  Price fluctuation pattern  Yield and gestation period  Cost of cultivation  Government subsidy (Vetted by SMPB and NMPB)

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Market survey A market survey was conducted to determine the MAPs traded and were of trade importance for the state. For the purpose of the study two level market surveys were conducted  Regional market survey and  National market survey The regional market survey was conducted in the regional mandis (markets) at Rishikesh, Tanakpur, Ramnagar as well as Dehradun and Haridwar. Khari Baoli at Delhi was selected as a representative site for the national level trading centre for raw MAPs.

Selection of traders/ suppliers/ industries using plant based raw materials The following documents were referred for shortlisting the traders/suppliers and industries for the market survey.  List of Growers, Manufacturers, Exporters and Traders provided by the Uttarakhand Medicinal Plant Board (SMPB)  HRDI Farmers Bulletin Booklet titled „Herbal Uttaranchal: Present market Scenario‟ dated 2007.  List of Ayurveda/ Siddha/ Unani licenced manufacturing units provided by Department of Health, AYUSH, Uttarakhand  List of Allotted–Pharma City Selaqui provided by the State Infrastructure and Industrial Development Corporation of Uttarakhand Ltd  List of Growers Manufacturers Exporters and Traders available on the website of the National Medicinal Plant Board (NMPB)  List provided by CAP, Dehradun for Aromatic sector Thirty eight traders/ suppliers of MAPs were shortlisted for the regional and national level market survey. Other than traders, approximately sixty three industries using plant based raw materials located in Dehradun, Selaqui, Haridwar and Rishikesh, New Delhi were shortlisted for assessing raw material (plant based) demand in their units. Industries using plant based raw materials were another important stakeholder for our study. Table 1 provides brief information on the important stakeholders for the market survey and the locations were the surveys were conducted.

Table 1 Stakeholders for the market survey and the locations of the survey

Stakeholder Locations

Traders/ Suppliers Regional- Rishikesh, Ramnagar, Tanakpur, Dehradun, Haridwar,

National- Delhi

Industries Regional- Dehradun, Haridwar, Ramnagar, Saharanpur

National- Delhi

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Designing of questionnaires for collection of data A semi-structured questionnaire survey format (see Annexure 1) was designed to collect detailed information of plant materials / extracts used by industries/ traders/ suppliers in their establishment. The different information collected were  Information on the major medicinal plants / extracts used/ handled by each respondent  quantum of material used/ traded volume  place of procurement (% of the plant material procured from the state), reasons for procurement from other states  source (whether collected from wild/ cultivated or supplied by trader/ manufacturer/ supplier, part of the plant used/ traded

Discussion with traders/ suppliers Discussion with major traders/ suppliers in the major trading hubs of the regional marketing centres of Uttarakhand like Dehradun, Haridwar, Tanakpur and Ramnagar, was conducted to have an understanding of the major MAPs traded and of trade importance for the state. To have an understanding of the trading mechanism and important MAPs traded, Khari Baoli in Delhi was selected as a representative national trading centre for the purpose of the study. See Annexure 4 for the list of traders/ suppliers contacted for the market survey.

Discussion with industries Discussions with few selected industries using plant based raw materials were carried out to find out the demand of plant based raw materials used in their units. For this on-site visit, telephonic calls and email exchanges were carried out. Considering the nature of trade and use of raw MAPs and their extracts, the record of utilization of raw material by Ayurveda or Siddha or Unani Licensed manufacturing Units submitted to the Department of Health AYUSH under the mandated Drug and Cosmetic (First Amendment) Rules, 2008, was used to triangulate and validate information shared by the selected industries. Please see Annexure 3 for the list of industries selected for the study. Validation in the field To have an understanding of the ground realities and to have first-hand information on the different costs, benefits, problems, faced by farmers cultivating MAPs at the time of the study, a primary survey was conducted. A survey format (see Annexure 2) was specifically designed to collect information from the cultivators. For this 14 villages spread across three districts in Garhwal and 13 villages spread across three districts in Kumaon region were selected. The list of farmers registered for cultivation provided by HRDI, and list of cultivators from the NMPB website and further discussion with the master trainers of HRDI and CAP provided a base for selection of the villages for the market survey. Table 2 and 3 provides a list of villages selected for primary survey in the Garhwal and Kumaon region respectively. Broadly the region constitutes of 13 districts falling in two major administrative units viz., Garhwal (northwest portion) and Kumaon (southeast portion). Garhwal Division consists of 7 districts, i.e. Dehradun, Haridwar, Uttarkashi, Tehri, Pauri, Rudra Prayag and Chamoli

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

while remaining 6 districts viz., Pithoragarh, Bageshwar, Almora, Nainital, Champawat and Udham Singh Nagar fall in Kumaon division.

Figure 1 Uttarakhand and its districts

Table 2 List of villages selected for primary survey in Garhwal region

S. No. List of villages Block District

1 Bhandroli Kalsi Dehradun

2 VyasBhood Kalsi Dehradun

3 Dhakrani(Dehat) Vikasnagar Dehradun

4 Kharsali Naugaon Uttarkashi

5 Mirg Joshimath Chamoli

6 Naugaon Naugaon Uttarkashi

7 Nisari Naugaon Uttarkashi

8 Osala Mori Uttarakashi

9 Phali Ghaat Chamoli

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S. No. List of villages Block District

10 ParteetpurKalyanpur Vikasnagar Dehradun

11 Rainiwalli Joshimath Chamoli

12 Ramani Ghaat Chamoli

13 Rana Naugaon Uttarkashi

14 Saur Mori Uttarkashi

Table 3 List of villages selected for primary survey in Kumaon region

S. No. Name of village Block District

1 Ramari Kapkot Bageshwar

2 Supi Kapkot Bageshwar

3 Banbasa Champawat Champawat

4 Bastiya Champawat Champawat

5 BhaesaKhal Champawat Champawat

6 DhuraChaurakot Champawat Champawat

7 Ghigharukot Champawat Champawat

8 Gudhmi Champawat Champawat

9 Jaul Champawat Champawat

10 Managhare Kham Dhari Nainital

11 ShundarKhal Dhari Nainital

12 Kamaluwa Ganja Gaur Haldwani Nainital

13 Gulzarpur Kotabagh Nainital

Expert Consultation Discussions with the list of experts from various organizations and institutions were carried out so that the list of selected plants can be vetted and the list can be further filtered through consultation meetings.The list of experts who were consulted included scientists, academicians, policy makes, forest department officials and research scholars. The detailed list is provided in table 4.

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Table 4 List of Experts consulted for identification of MAP‟s

S/No Name Designation and Address with contact No and e-mail

1 Dr. R. B.S. Rawat, IFS Principal Chief Conservator of Forest,

85, Rajpur Road, Dehradun, Uttrakhand 0135-2746934

E.mail:[email protected]

2 Dr. Rakesh Shah, IFS Chairman, State Biodiversity Board, 108/Phase-II, Vasant Vihar,

Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand, India-248001

Telefax: 0135-2769886; Mobile: 09411112323 Email :[email protected]

3 Dr. S.K.Chandola, IFS Managing Director

Uttarakhand Forest Development Corporation Aranya Vikas Bhawan, 73, Nehru Road, Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand - INDIA, PIN 248001

Ph : 91-135-2657610 ; Mobile: 09412054439; Fax : 91-135-2655488

E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

4 Sh. S.K.Singh, IFS Chief Conservator of Forests (Research)

Haldwani, Nainital Mobile:09412076135

Email: [email protected]

5 Dr. H.B. Naithani Scientist (Retd.), Plant Taxonomist Forest Research Institute

Post New Forest

Dehradun (Uttarakhand) Ph. 0135-2224492; Mob #: 09411137876

E-mail: [email protected]

6 Mr. Nirpendra Chauhan Scientist Incharge Centre for Aromatic Plants

Industrial Estate-Selaqui- 248 197

Dehradun, Uttarkhand Telefax: 0135 2698305

Mobile: 09837006749

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S/No Name Designation and Address with contact No and e-mail

E.mail: [email protected],

7 Dr. D.K.Ved, IFS (Retd.) Advisor, Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions (FRLHT),

74/2 Jarakabande Kaval, P.O- Attur, Via – Yelahanka ,

Bengaluru – 560 064.

Tel: 080 2856 8007 E-mail: [email protected]

8 Dr. R. Raghavendra Rao CSIR Emeritus Scientist, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Allalasandra, GKVK PO, Bengaluru -560065 E.mail: [email protected], [email protected], Ph: 09448852356

9 Dr. Bupendra Singh Adhikari Scientist - E Wildlife Institute of India

Post Box # 18, Chandrabani

Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand Phone: 0135-2640111-115, Extn: 128 Mobile No: 09412056031 Email: [email protected]

10 Dr. Abdul Kareem Assistant Director and National Project Manager, UNDP-GEF Project, Govt of India Center for Conservation of Natural Resources Institute of Ayurveda & Integrative Medicine (I-AIM) 74/2. Jaraka Bande Kaval, via Yelahanka Bengaluru - 560106 Email: [email protected]

11 Prof. M.C. Nautiyal Director

High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre (HAPPRC) Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University

Srinagar District - Pauri Garhwal

(Uttarakhand) India – 246174 Telephone : 01346-252143 (o)

12 Dr. A.K.Badoni Secretary, Society for Himalayan Environmental Research (SHER), Lane 3, Turner Road, Dehradun-248002, Uttarakhand

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S/No Name Designation and Address with contact No and e-mail

Phone: 0135 2644202

Email:[email protected]

13 Dr. Kiran Badoni Society for Himalayan Environmental Research (SHER), Lane 3, Turner Road, Dehradun-248002, Uttarakhand

Mobile: 08006058905 Email: [email protected]

14 Dr. S. Farooq President

The Himalaya Drug Company, Dehardun. E. mail: [email protected]

Mobile: 09837686102 (PA), Fax: 91-135-2640264

15 Dr. Asad Mueed DIRECTOR, HAMDARD (WAKF) LABORATORIES Hamdard Building, 2a/3, Asaf Ali Road,

New Delhi-100002,

Ph: 91-011-23239801, 23239802, 23239803 E-mail: [email protected]

16 Dr. N.B. Brindavanam (Dr. DGM, Bioresource Division Baba) Dabur India Limited. Ph. 9810705066

E-mail: [email protected]

17 Dr. S.K. Patra President and CEO Patanjali Ayurved Ltd & Patanjali Food and Herbal Park (P) Ltd.

Padartha, Haridwar-249404, UK;

Ph. 91 1334 286470, Mobile: 09811332388; Fax 286471

E. mail: [email protected]

18 Dr. Amit Agarwal Director,

Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru E.mail: [email protected]

19 Dr. Sudhakar Agarwal Director,

ENVIN BIOCEUTICALS PVT. LTD P.B. No. 203, Sharda Nagar, Saharanpur, Saharanpur - 247001, Uttar Pradesh, India

E.mail. [email protected]

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S/No Name Designation and Address with contact No and e-mail

20 Dr. Sunil Sah Scientist C

Centre for Aromatic Plants Industrial Estate-Selaqui- 248 197

Dehradun, Uttarkhand

Mobile: 09411110736 E.mail: [email protected]

21 Mr. Rakesh Kumar Yadav Scientist B

Centre for Aromatic Plants Industrial Estate-Selaqui- 248 197

Dehradun, Uttarkhand

Mobile: 07351002026 E.mail: [email protected]

22 Dr. R. C. Sundriyal Former Director, HRDI

Scientist, G.B. Pant institute of Himalayan and Development, Kosi, Almora

23 Dr. R.P.Kala DFO (Rtd), 3/120, Indira Enclave, Harbanswala

Mobile : 09837424419 Email:[email protected]

24 Dr. S. N.Venugopalan Nair Assistant Director Center for Conservation of Natural Resources Institute of Ayurveda & Integrative Medicine (I-AIM) 74/2. Jaraka Bande Kaval, via Yelahanka Bengaluru - 560106 Email: [email protected]

25 Dr. K. Ravikumar Assistant Director Center for Conservation of Natural Resources Institute of Ayurveda & Integrative Medicine (I-AIM) 74/2. Jaraka Bande Kaval, via Yelahanka Bengaluru - 560106 Email: [email protected]

26 Dr. J. S. Rawat IUCN Head, Anand Lok, New Delhi and Former Director , HRDI, Gopashwar

27 Dr. A. K. Panday Scientist F and Head NWFP Division, Tropical Forest research Institute, Jabalpur (MP). E.mail: [email protected]

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S/No Name Designation and Address with contact No and e-mail

28 Prof Mohammad Anis Chairman, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh E. mail: [email protected], [email protected], Mobile: 09837305566

Ex member of Unani Pharmacopoeia Committee, Ministry of 29 Prof Wazahat Husain Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Ex Member of Ayurveda Siddha, Unani Technical Advisory Board (ASUTAB), Ex member of Governing Body CCRUM,, Ministry of Health and Prof & Chairman (Retired), Botany Department AMU Aligarh, E mail: [email protected]; Ph. 09412593485 30 Dr. Pramode Kant, IFS (Retd.) Former Addl. PCCF (Tamil Nadu) & Director, Institute of Green Economy, New Delhi, Phone No: 09873437021, Email: [email protected]

31 Dr. R. K. Singh Head, Biotec and IPFC

FFDC (Fragrance and Flavour Development Centre),

Min of MSME, Govt of India, Kannauj-209726 E.mail: [email protected]

32 Dr. Vijay Prasad Bhatt Scientist, HRDI, Gopeshwar, Uttrakhand

Mobile: 09412082003; E.mail: [email protected]

33 Dr. Gopi Chand In charge and Head of Agronomy Division, IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh.

Mobile: 09805537625 E.mail: [email protected]

34 Dr. Ramesh Srivastava Scientist, FFDC, Kannouj, UP,

Phone: 08004743355

35 Mr. Naveen Kumar Sharma Commercial Executive

Goodcare Pharma Pvt. Ltd

B-1, Sara Industrial Estate, Chhotarampur, Seilaqui, Dehradun, Uttarakhand-248197,

Ph. Off. : (0315) 2698595

E. mail: [email protected]

36 Mr. M.S. Gusain Project Coordinator,

Govt. of India, UNDP-GEF Project

State Medicinal Plants Board, Uttarakhand

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S/No Name Designation and Address with contact No and e-mail

Post Office: New Forest

94, Vasant Vihar, Phase-II Dehradun (Uttarkhand)-248 006

TELEFAX : +91-135-2769918

37 Dr. Ramesh Chandra Uniyal Project consultant, #D/3/10, Platinum City,

New HMT Road, Yeshwanthpur,

Bangalore-560022, Karnataka E. mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Mobile: 9900983814, 9811403814

38 Dr. Umeshkumar Tiwari Senior Research Fellow, Center for Conservation of Natural Resources Institute of Ayurveda & Integrative Medicine (I-AIM) 74/2. Jaraka Bande Kaval, via Yelahanka Bengaluru – 560106, Ph: 09411313351

E.mail:[email protected], [email protected]

39 Dr. Mayaram Uniyal Formal advisor to the Chief Minister of Uttarakhand Presently Director, Maharshi Ayurved Products

SEZ, Noida, Uttar Pradesh

40 Mr. K.K. Mishra Senior Manager/Head, Public Relations

Patanjali Ayurved Ltd & Patanjali Food and Herbal Park (P) Ltd.

Padartha, Haridwar-249404, Uttarakhand; Ph. 911334 265370

E.mail. [email protected]

41 Mr. Pratesh Panwar (Mantri) Production Manager Patanjali Ayurved Ltd & Patanjali Food and Herbal Park (P) Ltd.

Padartha, Haridwar-249404, Uttarakhand;

Ph. 8449449111 E.mail. [email protected]

42 HRDI Gopeshwar, Uttrakhand

43 CIMAP Regional Centre, Bageshwar, Uttrakhand

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S/No Name Designation and Address with contact No and e-mail

44 CIMAP Lucknow

45 IIIM Regional Centre, Jammu, J & K

46 GIZ Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit ( German Society for International Cooperation) Hotel Indralok, Rajpur Road, Dehradun

47 CAP Centre for Aromatic Plants

Industrial Estate-Selaqui- 248 197

Dehradun, Uttarkhand

48 IHBT Herbal Research Development Institute, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh

49 FRLHT Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Tradition Centre for Conservation of Natural Resources Institute of Ayurveda & Integrative Medicine (I-AIM) 74/2. Jaraka Bande Kaval, via Yelahanka Bengaluru - 560106

50 TFRI Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh)

51 FRI Forest Research Institute, Dehradun

52 IUCN Anand Lok, New Delhi

53 FFDC Fragrance & Flavour Development Centre, Kannaouj, UP

54 Bhesaj Vikas Ikai EC Road, Dehardun, Uttarakhand

55 Divisional Forest Officers Mussoorie, Bageshwar, Badrinath, Upper Yamuna, Tons and Chakrata forest divisions.

Stakeholder consultation A stakeholder consultation was conducted at the Shri Hari Krishi Kutir Udhyog Avam Grameen Prayatan Pradarshni at Munsyari, Pithoragarh District, Uttarakhand to present the preliminary findings of the study and get feedback from the stakeholders. The participants included farmers from the neighbouring villages, representatives from CAP, HRDI and Bhesaj Sangh. Economic analysis Economic analysis for most of the prioritized species for Uttarakhand was done. For some species economic analysis could not be carried due to lack of data. The approach and methodology adapted for the economic analysis is briefed below:

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Approach The net return to the cultivator has been used as one of the criteria for prioritization of the medicinal plant species. Cultivators/ collectors typically receive low returns as compared to the final market price due to significant mark-ups in the trading route, and the unorganized and diffuse modes of marketing. This results in unsustainable extraction patterns and/or low incentives for cultivation. It is therefore important to assess the economic returns to cultivators for the set of species that have been shortlisted based on demand by end users. The net returns for selected medicinal plant species have been calculated based on estimates of market prices and the costs of cultivation. Since a majority of the species have a gestation period of 10 years or less, a time horizon of 10 years has been used for benefit-cost calculations as a general principle. It is possible that there would be multiple cultivation cycles during this time frame; the analysis includes all benefits accruing during the 10 year time horizon irrespective of the number of cycles so that results can be meaningfully compared across species. Methodology The economic analysis has been carried out with the following broad steps: Step 1: The gross returns are calculated based on input cost estimates and the market price estimates suitably adjusted for trade margins, wherever necessary. The time trends for prices have been computed for selected species; however no significant trends were observed, and all values are therefore reported in current year prices. The yields are converted to annual figures, taking into account the number of harvests in a year in case of multiple harvests. It is assumed that there is no change in the annual yield as reported in published literature or as observed in the field. Step 2: The input costs are based on available published literature, validated in several cases by primary surveys. The costs have been adjusted for inflation wherever applicable. For such adjustment, the Consumer Price Index for Agricultural and Rural Labourers is used. The costs are classified into fixed and recurring, and based on an analysis of costs for annual, biennial and perennial species, 55-65% of total costs have been booked as recurring costs in the analysis. Step 3: The benefit streams over 10 years have been computed, since a majority of the selected species yield benefits over this period. The average gestation period of the selected species is less than 3 years and hence the assumed time horizon appears reasonable. Besides, it is reasonable to assume that the decision to cultivate a specific species is based on expected returns over the short run. Step 4: Undiscounted and discounted (@ 6%) benefit streams are then projected and benefit- cost ratios calculated.

Findings of the study Review of secondary information Uttarakhand a predominantly hilly state lying in the Himalayan foothills has abundant biological resources. The varying altitudinal ranges ranging from the subtropical to the alpine ranges with varying climatic conditions has made the forest resources of state rich in biological diversity including medicinal and aromatic plants.

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Globally the use of MAPs has gained importance due to renewed interest in alternative therapy/ remedies and their limited side effects as compared to their modern counterparts. Rapid growth in demand for plant based raw materials for manufacturing food flavours, fragrances, perfumes, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and related products has also resulted in greater demand of MAPs. With soaring demand of plants having medicinal and aromatic properties, availability of these species has been impacted in their natural habitats. It is estimated that more than 350 plant species are estimated to be vulnerable and threatened in Uttarakhand, 161 being rare and threatened ones. CAMP workshop was held during May 2003 at Shimla to assess the threat status of prioritized medicinal plants of Uttarakhand. During this process 60 species were assigned the Red List (RL) status of near threatened (NT) and above. Out of these 60 species, 16 species have a global RL status as these are endemic to the Himalayan region. 7 species have been assigned Critically Endangered (CR) status, 18 species are Endangered (EN), 23 species are Vulnerable (VU) and 12 species are Near Threatened (NT). 18 of these Red Listed medicinal plant species have been recorded in high volume trade, as per the national level trade study. Aconitum heterophyllum, Nardostachys grandiflora and Picrorhiza kurroa are the highest priority for the state as these are in high volume trade in addition to their Critically Endangered status. Habitat degradation, lack of sustainable harvesting, unscientific harvesting practices, illegal exploitation and over exploitation to meet the demands of illegal trade are some of the reasons for the dwindling population of these species in the forests of Uttarakhand. In such scenario, ex-situ production or cultivation of MAPs offer hopes to curb over extraction, reduce pressure on forests by enabling the economically important species to grow undisturbed in their natural habitats, ensure regular supply for trade and conserve the biodiversity of the region. Research studies carried out by different scholars on the economics of cultivation of MAPs also show promising results. Though the gestation period of most of the medicinal plants is long the final return is high as compared with traditional food crop (Mittal 2008). The Central Government through the Ministries of Health and Family Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, National Horticulture Mission, Department of Science and Technology and others has been steadily trying to give a strong push for an herbal movement in the country andUttarakhand has been a fore runner in it. Two separate institutions under the Department of Horticulture has been established to promote the cultivation of MAPs- the Herbal Research Development Institute (HRDI) at Mandal in Chamoli district to promote and expand the cultivation of medicinal plants and the Centre for Aromatic Plants (CAP) at Selaqui in Dehradun for Aromatic Plants. The State Medicinal Plant Board was established in 2001 for overall co-ordination and development of the herbal sector in the state. The Uttarakhand Forest Development Corporation (UFDC) is assisting in the sustainable collection and marketing of medicinal plants from the wild and the Bhesaj Vikas Ikai (District Development Unit) for capacity building and marketing of cultivated medicinal plants.UFDC hosts an auction periodically at Rishikesh, Ramagar and Tanakpur. However on account of poor participation of buyers these market auctions have so far failed to deliver desired results. HRDI has also been hosting regular individual buyer-seller meets. In 2000, National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB) was established to coordinate all matter related to Medicinal Plants in India. NMPB published list of 32 medicinal plants which were prioritised for cultivation in India. In 2003, the State Government of Uttarakhand took a

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

formal decision to promote herbal cultivation in the State. As a part of this policy decision, the Govt. of Uttarakhand prioritized 26 plant species for mass scale cultivation. Subsidy for cultivation of the prioritized species was promoted to boost the process of inducting an herbal movement in the State (Annx 12). The prioritized species for cultivation are:

Table 5 List of 26 Prioritized species for cultivation in Uttrakhand state by Govt. of

Uttrakhand

S.No. Botanical Name Common S.No. Botanical Name Common name name

1 Swertia chirayata Chiraita 14 Allium stracheyi Faran

2 Asparagus racemosus Satawari 15 Chrysanthemum Pyrethrum cinerariaefolium

3 Centella asiatica Mandookpar 16 Rubia cordifolia Manjith ni

4 Picrorhiza kurroa Kutki 17 Coleus barbatus Pattar chur

5 Nardostachys Jatamansi 18 Rosmarinus officinalis Rosemary grandiflora

6 Valeriana jatamansi Tagar 19 Pelargonium graveolens Geranium Jones

7 Amomum subulatum Badi Ilaichi 20 Stevia rebaudiana Stevia

8 Aconitum Atees 21 Gloriosa superba Kalihari heterophyllum

9 Saussurea costus Kuth 22 Silybum marianum Silybum

10 Carum carvi Kala Zira 23 Piper longum Pippali

11 Matricaria chamomill Chamomile 24 Bacopa monnieri Brahmi a

12 Cymbopogon citratus Lemon grass 25 Ammi majus Ammi majus

13 Podophyllum Ban kakri 26 Digitalis lanata Tilpushpi hexandrum

In 2003, Centre for Aromatic Plants was also established by State Government to focus on Aromatic plants cultivation and value addition. CAP have also promoted some aromatic species for cultivation in state of Uttarakhand. Their list includes – Lemon grass, Chamomile, Damask Rose, Mint, Geranium, Rosemary, Pachauli, Citronella, etc. Review of literature on similar studies by different researchers is summarized below. Bisht and Badoni (2009) identified twelve species that were important commercial cultivation and

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

conservation for the district of Uttarkashi. These species were Meetha Vish (Aconitum balfourii), Atees (Aconitum heterophyllum), Gokhru (Tribulus terrestis), Kakrasinghi (Pistacia intergerrina), Berberis (Berberis aristata), Guggul (Tanacetum dolicophyllum), Gubankh (Angelica archangelica), Chirayata (Swertia chirayata) and Ashvagandha (Withania somnifera). Rawat and Vashisth (2012) were shortlisted 32 species suitable for cultivation in the Bhabhar region of Garhwal Himalayas, Uttarakhand. These species are Ratti (Abrus precatorious), Atibalaa (Abutilon indicum), Apmarga (Achyranthes aspera), Vasaka (Adhathoda zeylanica), Bel (Aegle marmelos), Kumara (Aloe barbadensis), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Punarnava (Boehavia diffusa), Semal (Bombax malbarichum), Jal Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri), Palash (Butea monosperma), Amaltas (Cassia fistula), Bargad (Ficus bengalensis), Jamun (Eugenia jambolana), Karu (Holarrhena antidysentrica), Daikan (Melia azedarach), Lajalu (Mimosa pudica), Arandi (Ricinus communis), Kantakari (Solanum surattense), Giloy ( Tinospora cordifolia), Siwain (Vitex negundo) and Ashwagandha (Withania sonniferra). Phondani et.al. (2011) were shortlisted the five species viz. Rosemarinus officinalis, Asparagus racemosus, Ocimum basilium, Valeriana jatamansi and Matricaria chamomilla as high commercial value plants for western Himalayas by conducting a series of participatory rural appraisals with farmers, villagers and traders. FRLHT Bangalore in 2008 conducted survey for “Demand and supply of medicinal plants in India”. It was found that following species primarily coming from Himalayan states are under cultivation in the Himalayan states - Inula racemosa (Pushkarmool), Saussurea costus (Kuth), Picrorhiza kurroa (Kutki), Aconitum heterophyllum (Atees), Valeriana jatamansi (Tagar), Since many “lists of priorities” have been prepared and published by different organisations, it is important to review the prioritized species for cultivation, considering that the 26 species were prioritized in 2006. Also there is no doubt that promotion cultivation of MAPs on a large scale would be successful only if it caters to the market demand. Market Survey Analysis and prioritization of species The prioritization of species suitable for cultivation and afforestation programme for the state of Uttarakhand was done by analysing data collected from the market survey. The broad steps used for the analysis of the market survey data is discussed below.  The first step was prioritization of species traded in the market and also used by herbal based industries in Uttarakhand  The criteria used for prioritization for the two major stakeholders (traders and herbal industries) were as follows: o The number of industries using each of the species and the average annual consumption by each of the industry. o The average annual traded volume for each species for survey with the trader‟s at major mandis in Uttarakhand viz; Dehradun, Haridwar, Tankpur and Ramnagar. From the market survey it was found that approximately 523 species of MAP‟s were traded. This includes all MAP‟s traded by the selected traders/suppliers and industries selected for the study. Further review of the trade data showed that some species were insignificant and

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

hence removed. Remaining approximately 100 species were discussed with experts and species that were not procured from Uttarakhand and not feasible for cultivation in the state were identified. Those species were also removed to bring down the list of cultivable and marketable MAP species to approximately 85 including Dasmool and Ashtverg species. All Dasmool and Ashtaverg spp hold good market including local use, important for soil and biodiversity conservation (Table - 6).

Table 6 List of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Species submitted to experts S.No. Botanical Name Trade name Traded Parts Ecological suitability Afforestation/ Cultivation

1 Aconitum balfourii Meedha Vish Tuber Alpine Cultivation

2 Aconitum heterophyllum Atees Root (Tuber) Sub-Alpine to Alpine Cultivation

3 Acorus calamus Buch Rhizome Sub Tropical Cultivation 4 Allium stracheyi Jammu Faran Leaves and Sub-Alpine-Alpine Cultivation Inflorescence (Cold Desert)

5 Amomum subulatum Badi ilaichi Fruit Temperate Cultivation

6 Arnebia euchroma Balchadi Root Sub-Alpine Cultivation 7 Arnebia benthamii Lalgadi/ Root Sub-Alpine Cultivation Balchadi 8 Asparagus racemosus Satawari Root Sub Tropical Cultivation 9 Bauhinia variegata Kachnar Flower Sub Tropical- Afforestation buds/flower/bark/ Temperate stem/ leaves/seed/root 10 Berberis aristata Daru Haldi Root/Wood Temperate Afforestation

11 Boswellia serrata Kunduru/Salai Gum Sub Tropical Afforestation

12 Bunium persicum Himachali Kala Seed Temperate (Cold Cultivation Zira Desert) 13 Callicarpa macrophylla Priyangu Phool Flowers buds Sub Tropical Afforestation

14 Carum carvi Kala Zira Fruit Sub-Alpine to Alpine Cultivation (Cold Desert) 15 Celastrus paniculatus Malkagni/ Seeds and seed oil Sub Tropical Afforestation Jyotismati 16 Centella asiatica Mandukparni Whole Plant Sub Tropical- Cultivation Temperate 17 Cinnamomum tamala Tejpat Leaves/Bark Temperate Afforestation

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S.No. Botanical Name Trade name Traded Parts Ecological suitability Afforestation/ Cultivation

18 Crataeva religiosa Varun Chhal Bark and root Sub Tropical Afforestation

19 Cupressus torulusa Surai Leaves Temperate Afforestation

20 Cymbopogon citratus Lemon Grass Leaves Sub Tropical Cultivation

21 Dactylorhiza hatagirea Salam Bulbous Root Temperate to sub- Cultivation Panja/Hatajari Alpine

22 Dioscorea deltoidea Genthi Fruit Sub-alpine Afforestation 23 Embelia tsjeriam-cottam Vayvidang Seed Temperate Afforestation

24 Emblica officinalis Amla Fruit Sub-Tropical Afforestation 25 Gentiana kurroo Karru Root Temperate Cultivation

26 Hedychium spicatum Kapoor Kachri Rhizome Temperate Cultivation

27 Inula racemosa Pushkarmool Root Sub-alpine (Cold Cultivation/20 Desert) 0-500 28 Juniperus macropoda Dhup Leaves Temperate-Aub Afforestation Alpine (Cold Desert) 29 Matricaria chamomilla German Flowers, Essential Sub-Alpine to Alpine Cultivation Chamomile oil (Cold Desert)

30 Mentha arvensis Japanese Mint Leaves Subtropical to Cultivation Temperate 31 Mentha piperita Peppermint Pepermint oil Sub Tropical Cultivation

32 Moringa oleifera Sahjan/ Seed, oil Sub Tropical Afforestation Drumsticks 33 Myrica esculenta Kaiphal Bark/Fruit Temperate Afforestation

34 Nardostachys grandiflora Jatamansi Root Temperate- Sub- Cultivation Alpine 35 Ocimum sanctum Kali Tulsi Whole Plant Sub Tropical Cultivation

36 Ocimum basilicum Common Basil Whole herb Sub Tropical- Cultivation Temperate 37 Paederia scandens Ghand Prasarni Leaves Sub Tropical Afforestation

38 Paris polyphylla Satwa Whole Plant/Root Temperate Afforestation

39 Picrorhiza kurroa Kutki Dry stolon/ Root Temperate- Sub- Cultivation Alpine

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S.No. Botanical Name Trade name Traded Parts Ecological suitability Afforestation/ Cultivation

40 Pleurospermum Chippi/ Root Sub-Alpine-Alpine Cultivation angelicoides Gandrayan (Cold Desert)

41 Premna serratifolia Agnimontha/Bak Root/Bark Sub Tropical Fit for ercha Cultivation 42 Prunus armeniaca Wild Apricot Fruits Temperate Cultivation

43 Pterocarpus marsupium Bejasal Heart wood Sub-tropical Afforestation/ 500-1000 44 Pueraria tuberosa Vidarikand Tuber Sub Tropical Fit for Cultivation 45 Rauvolfia serpentina Sarpagandha Root, leaves Sub Tropical Cultivation

46 Rheum emodi Revandchini Roots Sub-Alpine to Alpine Cultivation

47 Rhododendron arboretum Buransh Flower Temperate Afforestation

48 Rosa damascena Damask Rose Flower Temperate Cultivation

49 Rubia cordifolia Manjith Root Temperate Afforestation 50 Santalum album Chandan Heartwood Sub-tropical Afforestation

51 Sapindus mukorossi Ritha Fruit Sub Tropical - Afforestation Temperate 52 Saussurea costus Kuth Root Temperate to Sub- Cultivation Alpine (Cold Desert) 53 Silybum marianum Milk thistle Seed Sub-Tropical Cultivation

54 Skimmia laureola Kadarpati Leaves Temperate Afforestation

55 Stephania glabra Ginjaru Root Sub-tropical Afforestation 56 Swertia chirayita Chiraita Whole Plant Temperate Cultivation

57 Symplocos racemosa Lodhra, Lodh Bark Temperate Afforestation

58 Tagetes patula French Marigold Flower Oil Sub Tropical- Cultivation Temperate 59 Taxus baccata Talispatra Bark, leaves Sub-Alpine to Alpine Afforestation (Thuner) 60 Terminalia bellirica Bahera Fruit Sub Tropical Afforestation 61 Terminalia chebula Harad Fruit Sub Tropical Afforestation 62 Tinospora cordifolia Giloy Stem (Climber) Sub Tropical Afforestation

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S.No. Botanical Name Trade name Traded Parts Ecological suitability Afforestation/ Cultivation

63 Trilidium govanianum Naag Chhatri Whole Plant/Root Temperate Afforestation (Chhota satwa) 64 Valeriana jatamansi Tagar Rhizome with root Temperate Cultivation

65 Vitex negundo Nirgundi Leaves,roots shrub Sub Tropical Afforestation and fruits

66 Woodfordia fruticosa Dhai Phool Flower/Leves/Bark Sub Tropical Afforestation

67 Zanthoxylum armatum Timuru Seed Subtropical to Afforestation Temperate Dasmool (Vrihatmool -Tree Spp)

1 Aegle marmelos Bael Root Sub-tropical Afforestation

2 Gmelina arborea Gamhar Root Sub-tropical Afforestation

3 Oroxylum indicum Syonak Root Sub-tropical Afforestation

4 Premna latifolia Arni Root Sub-tropical Afforestation

5 Stereospermum Padal Bark/Root Sub-Tropical Afforestation suaveolens

Dasmool (Leghumool -Shrub Spp)

1 Desmodium gangetium Sal parni Root Sub-Tropical Afforestation

2 Solanum indicum Brihatti Root Sub-Tropical Afforestation

3 Solanum surattense Kantkari Root Sub-Tropical Afforestation

4 Tribulus terristris Gohru Root Sub-Tropical Afforestation

5 Uraria picta Prisnaparni Root Sub-Tropical Afforestation/ Cultivation

Ashtaverg (Herb Spp)

1 Microstylis mucifera Jivak Root Temperate Afforestation

2 Microstylis Rhishbhak Root Temperate Afforestation lylindrostachya

3 Habenaria intermedia Riddi Root Temperate to Sub- Afforestation Alpine

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S.No. Botanical Name Trade name Traded Parts Ecological suitability Afforestation/ Cultivation

4 Habenaria edgeworthi Vriddhi Root Temperate to Sub- Afforestation Alpine

5 Polygonatum Meda Root Temperate to Sub- Cultivation verticillatum Alpine

6 Polygonatum cirrhifolium Meha Meda Root Temperate to Sub- Cultivation Alpine

7 Fritillaria roylei Kakoli Root Temperate to Sub- Cultivation Alpine

8 Lilium polyphyllum Kshir kakoli Root Temperate to Sub- Cultivation Alpine

List of MAPs selected for cultivation and afforestation/agroforestry MAPs ranked on the basis of different criteria (Ref page 2) were presented to different experts in the State which were either recommended by SMPB or by other organisations. The experts have suggested species for cultivation and afforestation/agroforestry on the basis of their experience. The highest percentage of suggested MAPs were futher assessed for selection of 10 species for cultivation and 10 species for afforestation/agroforestry based on future market projection, utilization range (single or multisector) and other important cretaria. Each expert‟s inputs linked with identified cretaria are put in one tabulated format (Table no 8 and 10). On the basis of expert‟s suggestions we have prepared three lists for i) medicinal, ii) aromatic and iii) afforestation/agroforestry. I. List of medicinal plants for cultivation (agroclimatic zone wise) II. List of Aromatic plants for cultivation and III. List of trees/undershrub/Climbers/etc. for afforestation and agroforestry

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Table 7 Experts Recommendation for Cultivation

Name of Experts

S. Botanical Name Vegeta- Common

No. tion Type Name

HRDI HRDI

r. N. Chauhan N. r.

FRLHT FRLHT

No of Recommendations of No Bhatt Dr. V.P (Himalya) .Dr Farooq Kala Dr. RC Nautiyal C. Dr. M. Badoni K. Dr. A. M Dr. Adikari Nathani K. Dr. S. Shaha Dr. Rakesh Chandola Dr. S.K. Singh K. Dr. S. Rawat Dr. J.S. Panda K. Dr. A. Dr. Uniyal 26 Rao R Dr. R. NMPB Khant Promode Dr Anis M. Prof

20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

1 Rheum australe Herb Ravandchini 5 * * * * *

2 Swertia chirayata Herb Chiraita 10 * * * * * * * * * *

3 Asparagus racemosus Shrub Satawari 14 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * (Climber)

4 Centella asiatica Herb Mandookpar 7 * * * * * * * ni

5 Picrorhiza kurroa Herb Kutki 20 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

6 Acorus calamus Herb Buch 4 * * * *

7 Nardostachys Herb Jatamansi 11 * * * * * * * * * * *

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Name of Experts

S. Botanical Name Vegeta- Common

No. tion Type Name

HRDI HRDI

r. N. Chauhan N. r.

FRLHT FRLHT

grandiflora

8 Ocimum basilicum Herb Kali Tulsi 3 * * *

9 Valeriana jatamansi Herb Tagar 14 * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

10 Amomum subulatum Herb Badi Ilaichi 6 * * * * * *

11 Hedychium spicatum Herb Kapoor 6 * * * * * * Kachri

12 Mentha arvensis Herb Japanise 8 * * * * * * * * Mint

13 Aconitum Herb Atees 18 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * heterophyllum

14 Rauvolfia serpentina Herb Sarpagandha 17 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

15 Gentiana kurroo Herb Karu 6 * * * * * *

16 Saussurea costus Herb Kuth 18 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Name of Experts

S. Botanical Name Vegeta- Common

No. tion Type Name

HRDI HRDI

r. N. Chauhan N. r.

FRLHT FRLHT

17 Silybum marianum Herb Milk thistle 2 * *

18 Carum carvi Herb Kala Zira 10 * * * * * * * * * *

19 Matricaria Herb Chamomile 12 * * * * * * * * * * * *

chamomilla

20 Aconitum balfourii Herb Vastnabh 11 * * * * * * * * * * *

21 Polygonatum cirrhifo Herb Mahameda 5 * * * * * lium

22 Cymbopogon citratus Herb Leman grass 13 * * * * * * * * * * * * *

23 Lilium polyphyllum Herb Kakoli 2 * *

24 Rosa damascena Shrub Demask 8 * * * * * * * * Rose

Note: Apart from above experts, teri has also consulted with expert of CIMAP, Lucknow, FFDC, Kannauj, IHBT, Palampur, IIIM, Jammu, J&K and NRC- MAP, Anand, Gujarat for their expert advice on Aromatic plants particularly Rosa damascene, Cymbopogon citratus, Matricaria chamomilla and Mentha sp

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Table 8 Selected species for cultivation on the basis of different criteria (a) Medicinal Plants, (b) Aromatic Plants

Species Agro- Trade/annum Market Profitability Planting Utility Range and Acceptability Agro- Conservation Overall %age of Name technology Potential to Farmers Material Value Addition among climatic Status in Experts (In MT) availability and Future (Y/N) Availability Scope farmers / and State & recommendation Projections (Y/N) History of Ecological Collection

cultivation Factors category

a) Medicinal Plants

Kuth Yes – Well 100-200 Good Yes Yes A, F, FS, O, Ph, S,T,U Yes – long Suited for _ 90% documented history of sub-alpine Growth Value addition is & practiced cultivation to rate 8.9% possible for essential temperate oil region

Kutki Yes – Well 200-500 Good and Yes Yes A,F,FS,O,Ph,S,T,U Yes – long Suited for CR 100% documented Growth history of sub-alpine Scope for value Complete & practiced rate 12.9% cultivation region addition in terms of ban on drying and sorting collection

Atees Yes – Well 200-500 Excellent Yes Yes A,F,H,S,U Yes – long Suited for CR 90% documented and history of sub-alpine Drying and grading is Complete & practiced Growth cultivation region being done at farmers ban on rate 18.4% level collection

Tagar Yes – Well 100-200 Excellent Yes Yes A,C,F,FS,O Yes – it is Suited for VU 70% practiced and picking up temperate Proper drying and Complete constantly now region grading required ban on

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

cultivation Factors category

in demand collection

Sarpgandha Yes – Well 200-500 Excellent Yes Yes A,F,FS,H,Ph,S,T,U Yes – long Suited for VU 85% documented and history of sub- Grading and proper Complete & practiced Growth cultivation tropical drying is required ban on rate 11.6% region collection

Satavari Yes – Well 2000-5000 Good and Yes Yes A,F,FS,S,T,U Yes – long Suited for _ 70% documented Growth history of sub- Value addition is Under & Practiced rate 15.1% cultivation tropical required sustainable region collection b) Aromatic Plants

Lemongrass Yes – Well 1250 Excellent Yes Yes A,C,F,FS,O,P,Ph,S,U Yes – long Suited for _ 75% documented and history of sub- Value addition is & practiced growth cultivation tropical being done at farmers rate 7.5% region level

Chamomile Yes – Well 76 Good and Yes Yes C, Ph, O, P Yes – long Suited for _ 70. 7% documented growth history of temperate Value addition is & Practiced rate 7.5% cultivation region possible

Damask Yes – Well 1625 Good and Yes Yes A,C,F,FS,H,O,P,Ph,S,U Yes – it is Suited for _ 85.7%

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

cultivation Factors category

Rose documented growth Value addition is picking up Sub- Open for & practiced rate 9.17% being done at farmers now alpine- collection level temperate region

Mint Yes – Well 33.6 Oil in Excellent Yes Yes A,B,Cu,F,FS,O,Ph, Yes – long Suited for _ 75% documented UK and history of sub- Value addition is Open for & Practiced (CAP)/30,000 demand is cultivation tropical being done at local collection MT (FFDC) growing region level

Source: Annual Demand of Medicinal Herbs- FRLHT: Demand and Supply of Medicinal Plants in India. Annual Demand of Aromatic Herbs: GIZ – Domestic Market Study for Selected Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Utility range – A: Ayurveda, B: Beverages, C: Cosmetics, Cu: Culinary, F: Folk, FS: Food Supplements, H: Homoeopathy, O: Oils, P: Perfumery, Ph: Pharmaceutical, S: Siddha, T: Tibetan, U: Unani Conservation Status: CR-Critically Endangered, VU-Vulnerable. Annual Market potential – CERPA, 2002

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Table 9 Different expert‟s recommendation for Afforestation/Agroforestry

S. No. Botanical Name Common Name of the Experts

name

HRDI

Rawat

NMPB NMPB

Prioritized Prioritized

FRLHT

(IUCN)

RP Kala RP

Dr. Uniyal

Dr. Farooq

Dr. Adikari

Prof M. Anis M. Prof

Dr. R. R. Rao R. R.Dr.

Dr. J.S. Rawat Rawat Dr. J.S.

Dr. V. P. Bhatt P. Dr. V.

PCCF, Dr. RBS RBS Dr. PCCF, Singh K. S. Dr.

Mr. N.Chauhan Mr.

Dr. A. K. Badoni Dr. A.

Dr. A. K. Panday K. Dr. A.

Dr. S. K. Natha K. S. Dr.

No of Recommendation of No

Dr. Rakesh Shaha Rakesh Dr.

Dr. S.K. S.K. Chandola Dr.

Dr. M. C. Nautiyal M. Dr.C. Dr Promode Khant DrPromode

21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

1 Emblica officinalis Amla 4 * * * *

2 Cedrus deodara Devdaru 3 * * *

3 Taxus baccata Talispatra 9 * * * * * * * *

4 Terminalia chebula Harad 17 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

5 Boswellia serrata Salai 4 * * * *

6 Terminalia bellirica Behera 13 * * * * * * * * * * * * *

7 Cinnamomum tamala Tajpat 13 * * * * * * * * * * * * *

8 Embelia tsjeriam- Bi -Vidang 8 * * * * * * * * cottam

9 Berberis aristata Daru Haldi 12 * * * * * * * * * * * *

10 Tinospora cordifolia Giloy 14 * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

11 Pistacia integerrima Kakra 3 * * * Singi

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S. No. Botanical Name Common Name of the Experts

name

HRDI

Rawat

NMPB NMPB

Prioritized Prioritized

FRLHT

(IUCN)

RP Kala RP

Dr. Uniyal

Dr. Farooq

Dr. Adikari

Prof M. Anis M. Prof

Dr. R. R. Rao R. R.Dr.

Dr. J.S. Rawat Rawat Dr. J.S.

Dr. V. P. Bhatt P. Dr. V.

PCCF, Dr. RBS RBS Dr. PCCF, Singh K. S. Dr.

Mr. N.Chauhan Mr.

Dr. A. K. Badoni Dr. A.

Dr. A. K. Panday K. Dr. A.

Dr. S. K. Natha K. S. Dr.

No of Recommendation of No

Dr. Rakesh Shaha Rakesh Dr.

Dr. S.K. S.K. Chandola Dr.

Dr. M. C. Nautiyal M. Dr.C. Dr Promode Khant DrPromode

12 Oroxylum indicum Sona 9 * * * * * * * * *

13 Celastrus paniculatus Mal- 6 * * * * * * kangni 14 Stereospermum Padal 6 * * * * * * suaveolens

15 Paederia scandens Gand 3 * * * Prasarni 16 Zanthoxylum armatum Timuru 14 * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

17 Myrica esculenta Kaiphal 12 * * * * * * * * * * * *

18 Sapindusm mukorossi Ritha 6 * * * * * *

19 Moringa oleifera Sahjan 5 * * * * *

20 Santalum album Chandan 2 * *

21 Pueraria tuberosa Vidarikand 4 * * * *

22 Premna serratifolia Arni 3 * * *

23 Juniperus sp Juniper 3 * * *

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Table 10 Selected Medicinal Plants for Afforestation/Agroforestry Common Scientific Name Trade/annum Future Plantation Utilizatio Conservat Ecological Propagation Acceptability % of Name In MT projection in the forest n Range ion status/ Suitability /Gestation among forest Expert /QPM Period based Recomm communities endation (Y/N) Giloy 32000-5000 HRD Yes/ Ay, Fo, Ban on Sub- Easy/1 year Yes 66.6 Tinospora cordifolia Available Ho, Si, Ti, Collection tropical Un Sona 1000-2000 HRD Yes Ay, Fo, Si, - Sub- Easy/3 year Yes 42.8 Oroxylum indicum Ti, Un tropical

Kaiphal <100 (however, LD Yes Ay, Fo, Si Temperate Easy/5 year Yes 57.1 Myrica esculenta Patanjali-2- 4MT and Hamdard-0.2 MT) Daru Haldi 500-1000 HRD Yes/ Ay, Fo, Si, VU/Ban Temperate Easy/3 year Yes 57.1 Berberis aristata Can be Ti, Un on arrange Collection Timuru -<100 MD Yes/ Ay, Si, Ti, VU/Ban Temperate Difficult/5 Yes 66.6 Zanthoxylum armatum (however, Can be Un on year Patanjali-70- arrange Collection 120, Dabur-60 and Major Mandies of UK 0.2 MT) Talispatra 100-200 HRD Yes/ Ay, Ho, CR/Ban on Sub-alpine Moderately Yes 42.8 Taxus baccata Can be Si, Ti, Un Collection difficult/5 made year

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Common Scientific Name Trade/annum Future Plantation Utilizatio Conservat Ecological Propagation Acceptability % of Name In MT projection in the forest n Range ion status/ Suitability /Gestation among forest Expert /QPM Period based Recomm communities endation (Y/N) available

Harad 5000-10000 HRD Yes/ Ay, Fo, Sustainabl Sub- Easy/7 year Yes/ long 80.95 Terminalia chebula Available Ho, Si, Ti, e tropical history even Un collection as agroforestry crop Behera 2000-5000 HRD Yes/ Ay, Fo, Si, Sustainabl Sub- Easy/7 year Yes/ long 61.9 Terminalia bellirica Available Un e tropical history even collection as agroforestry crop Ritha 200-500 HRD Yes/ Ay, Si, Ti, Easy Sub- Easy/4 year Yes/ long 28.57 Sapindusm mukorossi Available Un tropical history even as agroforestry crop Tejpat 500-1000 HRD Yes Ay, Fo, Sub- Easy/3 year Yes/ long 61.9 Cinnamomum tamala VU /Available Ho, Si, Ti, tropical- history even Un Sustainabl Temperate as e agroforestry collection crop

Source: Annual Demand- FRLHT: Demand and Supply of Medicinal Plants in India, HRD- High and Regular Demand, LD-Low Demand, MD-Moderate Demand. Utility range – A: Ayurveda, B: Beverages, C: Cosmetics, Cu: Culinary, F: Folk, FS: Food Supplements, H: Homoeopathy, O: Oils, P: Perfumery, Ph: Pharmaceutical, S: Siddha, T: Tibetan, U: Unani Conservation Status: CR-Critically Endangered, VU-Vulnerable

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Table 11 List of plants which shows the potential for cultivation This list includes name of the species which are having good potential for large scale cultivation but due to some factors they are not picking up. In some cases there is absence of constant or huge demand, sometimes tough competition by other states, lack of tested agronomical practices, non-availability of planting material, etc.

S. No. Botanical Name Common Name Remarks

1 Nardostachys Jatamansi Although species is critically endangered and very grandiflora important plant for ASU system, unfortunately its cultivation is not economically viable as it is difficult to cultivate, agronomical practises needs to be tested and furthermore planting material is not available easily.

2 Aconitum balfourii Meetha Vish Lack of constant market demand and on the same time lack of planting material is hindering the cultivation prospects. It is very poisonous.

3 Swertia chirayata Chiraita Cultivation is difficult. Planting material is not available. Lots of species under genus Swertia found in Uttarakhand; so very difficult to identify the relevant species. Moreover, good population is found in wild in North East

4 Carum carvi Kala Zira It is already growing in higher Himalayas in sufficient quantity. Current produce seems to be sufficient for existing demand. Howerver, extraction of caraway oil can be a value added product.

5 Bunium persicum Himachali Kala High demand. It is already growing in Hemachal Pradesh Zira in large scale In year 2003, Geranium was grown commercially under 6 Pelargonium Geranium the ‘Geranium BIG PUSH PLAN’ by Govt of Uttrakhand odorantissimum however due to low yield and withering of the crops during rainy season, this species was not economically viable and not beneficial to the farmers.

7 Hedychium spicatum Kapoor Kachri Not in great demand and wild population are available across the state. Needs more market study before focussing on its cultivation. Planting material is not readily available.

8 Rheum australe Ravandchini Not much used in the medicines and demand is also moderate.

9 Inula racemosa Pushkarmool This plant species is grown in cold climate of Himachal Pradesh and the state of Jammu and Kashmir. However, due to high demand of apples and other high altitude vegetables from these states, production and supply of Pushkarmool is low. On the other hand, this species has been successfully planted and grown in parts of Chamoli

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S. No. Botanical Name Common Name Remarks

and Pithoragarh in Uttarakhand. One plant (crop) after a time span of two years can yield 1.5 grams of roots. These roots are used extensively in preparation of Chyavanprash. Hence looking at the high demand of Pushakarmool it’s important to include this species in the list of important medicinal plants of Uttarakhand

10 Paris polyphylla Satwa Rhizomes contain sugar and 2 glucosides, that is, aparidine and apsristapnin. It is useful in the treatment of heart diseases, asthma andbronchitis. Rhizomes are used as anthelmintic and tonic by local inhabitants of Garhwal, Hence, can be promoted its cultivation.

11 Trilidium govanianum Naag Chhatri It is also contain sugar and 2 glucosides, that is, aparidine (Chhota Satwa) and apsristapnin. Rhizomes are used in the treatment of dysentery by local inhabitants of Garhwal. Impotant plant - can be promoted.

12 Acorus calamus Buch State has limited marshy land, which is required for the species cultivation. Produce is also coming in large scale from other states. Can be taken up for cultivation in limited area to meet local industrial demand within in state is being promoted by forest department also.

13 Amomum subulatum Badi Ilaichi Tough competition from other states and needs more scientific studies. Presently very less area is under cultivation and can be promoted. This is shade loving (60- 75%) and moisture loving plant.

14 Allium stracheyi Jammu Faran Jammu Faran has been brought under cultivation by the Bhotiyas of the Niti valley for a long time (1960s) as a kitchen garden crop. Villagers of the Niti and Mana valleys of Chamoli District and villagers of Milam, Darma and Byans valleys of Pithoragarh District cultivate this species for their own consumption.

15 Pleurospermum Chippi/Gandray This plant species is mostly grown by Bhotiya angeliodes ad communities in high alpine areas of Chamoli, Bageshwar and Pithoragarh. The roots are used in preparation of various spices as well as used in case of stomach ache which is the medicinal use of the plant. In the local markets, the roots are sold off at Rs 10-20 per 10 grams of the weight. Hence its important to include this species in the list of important medicinal plants of Uttarakhand

16 Dactylorhiza hatagirea Salam panja Difficult to cultivate and planting material is not available Agro techniques not standardized.

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Table 12 List of plants which shows the potential for Afforestation /Agroforestry This list includes name of the species which are having good potential for large scale afforestation but due to some factors they are not picking up. In some cases there is absence of constant or huge demand, sometimes tough competition by other states, lack of tested agronomical practices, non-availability of planting material, etc.

S.No. Botanical Names Common Remarks Names

1 Celastrus paniculatus Mal- kangni Difficult to grow/fruting 3-5year. Moderate demand. (Jyotismati) Long utilization range. Its black oil even seed used as memory enhancer for old people.

2 Moringa oleifera Sahjan Common and Important but population on decline. Gestation period 4 years. Long utilization range, QPM available in small quantity. Low demand.

3 Embelia tsjeriam-cottam Bi -Vidang Very important, possesses several beneficial properties. High market Demand. Planting material not available. Its propagation is moderately difficult. Gestation period 5 years. Long Utilization range

4 Dioscorea deltoidea Genthi Important climber. The juice of the root tuber is taken in the evening in the treatment of roundworm. It is also used to alleviate constipation. These are used as contraceptives and in the treatment of various disorders of the genitary organs as well as in a host of other diseases such as asthma and arthritis. The roots of this species contain an average of 4.8% diosgenin.

5 Rubia cordifolia Manjith Low market demand, long time period for the crop to mature and low productivity are the reasons why Manjishtha is not economically viable and cannot be commercially grown.

6 Stephania glabra Ginjaru Ginjaru is potential climbers for their important curative properties and increasing market demand.

7 Pueraria tuberosa Vidarikand Potential climbers for their important curative properties and increasing market demand.

8 Rhododendron Arboretum Buransh State forrest tree and very important, conservation is required.

9 Pterocarpus marsupium Bejasal Very important tree. The heart wood is used as an astringent and in the treatment of inflammation and diabetes. Bejasal is the only herbal product ever found to regenerate beta cells that produce insulin in the pancreas. It is also available in powder form which is made from the bark of the tree.

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S.No. Botanical Names Common Remarks Names

10 Skimmia laureola Kadarpati Important shrub. The leaves are used in the treatment of smallpox. The smoke produced by burning them is said to purify the air. Leaves - cooked. Used as a condiment. The strongly aromatic leaves are used in curries or as flavouring for other foods. The flowers are dioecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but only one sex is to be found on any one plant so both male and female plants must be grown if seed is required). The plant is not self-fertile

11 Santalum album Chandan Chandan is being grown successfully and commercially in the Uttarakhand valley for many years now. Due to its medicinal and aromatic properties and high market demand it’s important to include this species in the list of important aromatic plants of Uttarakhand

12 Juniperus macropoda Dhup This is a slow growing species of cold desert (sub alpine to alpine). Breeding cycle very long. But

important tree and used internal in kidney diseases; as medical bath in joint pains. Juniper twigs and needles are very important for fumigation. People will walk with pans full of glowing charcoal through their houses in the morning and sprinkle needles over the coals. This produces a very aromatic smoke which is believed to clean the atmosphere, ward off diseases. Conservation required.

13 Emblica officinalis Amla A very important tree for livehood generation of forest based communities. It has long utilization range.

14 *Stereospermum Padal (Dasmool) Harvesting not allowed from wild. High market suaveolens demand. In agroforestry flashing roots can be harvested after 2 years

Note: *It is also need to consider all Dasmool and Ashtaverg Spp under conservation program as these spp hold good market including local use, important for soil and biodiversity conservation. (See table 6)

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Table 13 Ecological Zone wise recommended and potential species of MAPs Order of priority is just indicative and actual priority depends on local site, edaphic factors and economic considerations. Most of the MAP species shown in the table are classified according to their suitability condition. However, these species can be cultivated in marginally higher and lower altitude. The list of ecological zone wise potential and recommended species in order of priority are given below and remarks of recommended and potential MAPs species for cultivation and afforestation/agroforestry were kept against each MAP species in the bracket.

A) Ecological Zone wise Aromatic Plant Species in order of priority for Cultivation

Sub-tropical (up to 1500 m) Temperate (1500 m to 2500 m) Sub-alpine (2500 and above) (Lower altitude) (Middle altitude) (High altitude)

Priority Aromatic species Priority Aromatic species Priority Aromatic species

I Mint I Chamomile I Demask Rose (Recommended) (Recommended) (Recommended)

II Lemon Grass II Geranium (Potential) II Kala Zira (Potential) (Recommended)

B) Ecological Zone wise Medicinal Plant Species in order of priority for Cultivation

Sub-tropical (up to 1500 m) Temperate (1500 m to 2500 m) Sub-alpine (2500 and above) (Lower altitude) (Middle altitude) (High altitude)

Priority Medicinal species Priority Medicinal species Priority Medicinal species

I Sarpagandha I Kuth I Kutki (Recommended) (Recommended) (Recommended)

II Satavari II Tagar II Kuth (Recommended) (Recommended) (Recommended)

III Buch (Potential) III Himachali Kala Zira III Atees (Recommended) (Potential)

IV Jammu Faran VI Himachali Kala Zira ((Potential) (Potential)

V Badi Ilachi V Jammu Faran (Potential) (Potential)

VI Pushkarmool (Potential)

VII Chippi/Gandrayan (Potential)

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

C) Ecological Zone wise Aromatic Tree Species in order of priority for Agro-forestry

Sub-tropical Temperate Sub-alpine to tree line (up to 1500 m) (1500 m to 2500 m) (2500 and above) (Lower altitude) (Middle altitude) (High altitude)

Priority Tree species Priority Tree species Priority Tree species

I Tejpat (Recommended) I Tejpat (Recommended)

II Chandan (Potential)

D) Ecological Zone wise Medicinal Tree/Shrub/Climber Species in order of priority for Afforestation

Sub-tropical Temperate Sub-alpine to tree line (up to 1500 m) (1500 m to 2500 m) (2500 and above) (Lower altitude) (Middle altitude) (High altitude)

A) Tree Species

Priority Tree species Priority Tree species Priority Tree species

I Tejpat (also I Tejpat (also I Talispatra (Thuner) Recommended for Recommended for (Recommended) Afforestation) Afforestation)

II Ritha (Recommended for II Kaphal II Juniperus (Dhup) Agroforestry also) (Recommended) (Potential)- upto Alpine

III Harar (Recommended) III Buransh (Potential)

IV Behra (Recommended)

V Amla (Potential)

VI Beeja sal (Potential)

B) Shrub Species

Priority Shrub species Priority Shrub species Priority Shrub species

I Bi-Vidang (Potential) I Timuru I Kedarpati (Recommended) (Potential)

II Daru Haldi - II Skimmia Recommended (Potential) (Although harvesting is banned from wild

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Sub-tropical Temperate Sub-alpine to tree line (up to 1500 m) (1500 m to 2500 m) (2500 and above) (Lower altitude) (Middle altitude) (High altitude) however being an important species need to be conserved. Hence, Recommended)

C) Climber Species

Priority Climber species Priority Climber species Priority Climber species

I Giloy (Recommended) I Manjith (Potential) I Genthi (Potential)

II Vidarikand (Potential)

III Ginjaru (Potential)

Economic analysis Benefit - Cost Rato (BCR) for the prioritised species has been calculated based on the following formula:

Where Bt and Ct refer to the benefit and cost in year t, r is the discount rate and T is the time horizon of analysis. The BCR is the ratio of the Present Value of Benefits realised and costs incurred in each year within the time horizon. The following table shows the result of analysis of the 10 selected species. The analysis is based on a time horizon of 10 years and a discount rate of 6%. In the case of agroforestry crop, the analysis is based on a time horizon of 15 years to account for the longer rotation period of these trees. BCR of some other important species were also analysed (Annx 9b). BCR is based on the figures obtained from CAP, HRDI, IHBT, FFDC and farmer‟s feedback (Annx 7, 8, 9, 10, 11).

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Table 14 Economic Analysis of selected Medicinal Herbs for cultivation

S.No. Botanical name Common Name Part used BCR Dry Root 5.02 1 Saussurea costus Kuth 4.06 2 Aconitum heterophyllum Atees Dry Root 3.29 3 Picrorhiza kurroa Kutki Dry Root 3.06 4 Asparagus racemosus Satawari Dry Root 2.64 5 Rauvolfia serpentina Sarpagandha Dry Root 2.29 6 Valeriana jatamansi Tagar Dry Root

5.02

4.06

3.29 3.06 2.64 2.29

Kuth Atis Kutki Satawari Sarpagandha Tagar (Dry Root) (Dry Root) (Dry Root) (Dry Root) (Dry Root) (Dry Root)

Figure 2 Benefit cost ratio of the Medicinal plant species

Table 15 Economic Analysis of selected Aromatic Herbs for cultivation

S.No. Botanical name Common Name Part Used BCR Oil 8.62 1(a) Rosa damascena Demask Rose Rose Water 5.43 1(b) Rosa damascena Demask Rose

Oil 4.53 2 Mentha arvensis Japanese Mint

Dry Flower 4.47 3 Matricaria chamomilla Chamomile

Oil 2.47 4 Cymbopogon citratus Lemon grass

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

8.62

5.42 4.53 4.47 2.47

Demask Rose Demask Rose Japanese Mint Chamomile (Dry Lemon grass (Oil (Rose Water) (Oil) Flower) (Oil)

Figure 3 Benefit cost ratio of the aromatic plant species Sources of supply The respondents informed that supply of traded MAPs was sourced from different states across the country. The supply of a particular species was done from several states in the country, depending on their availability. Hence, for a particular species the respondents were not able to identify the exact location (state) from where they procured. This was also because the raw material was passed through several hands before finally reaching them. Training workshop TERI presented a lecture to two batches of cultivators in the Farmers training workshop organized by CAP at Selaqui, Dehradun from 19- 21 December 2012. The training workshop was organized by CAP to train farmers on the prioritized MAPs. The list of pharmaceutical industries, growers, traders and suppliers visited during the study was also shared with the cultivators.

Conclusion There is a growing demand of consumers worldwide for herbal and natural products to meet both the healthcare needs and dietary supplements, which has opened up new opportunities for the medical plant based industries. However, this market propelled demand has created tremendous pressure on the natural resource. More than 90% of the species used in trade continued to be sourced from the wild of which 2/3rd are harvested by destructive means to meet ever-increasing pharmaceutical requirements, which led to threat natural regeneration and at times leads several plants on the verge of extinction, like in Uttarakhand 60 medicinal plants are listed under different category of threat. There is a need to look into the sustainable harvest of the medicinal plants as well as conserve these resources in natural habitats. To make the raw material available to industries there is a need to go for large scale cultivation of MAPs. Uttarakhand is unique in way of different agroclimatic zone and different types of forests and wide range of biodiversity. Selection of proper species for cultivation is very crucial for overall development of the medicinal plant sector in the state. Under this study after rigorous field surveys and interaction with experts we have finalised six medicinal and four aromatic plants for cultivation in different altitudes. Likewise species for afforestation and agro-forestry was also finalised after

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

consultation with experts and forest department officials. We hope these species can change the scenario of Uttarakhand medicinal plants scenario in coming years.

Suggestions for promoting cultivation The development of medicinal and aromatic plant species have many comparative advantages in the state, therefore the sector needs due weightage for its role in rural area development. The state provides suitable microclimate for development of MAP species at all elevations. The state has huge advantage to promote high altitude medicinal and aromatic plants because of considerable area under such habitat. Selecting an herb for cultivation is not an easy task when accumulated literature remains clueless about the selection and preference of economically cultivable medicinal plants. In view of increasing global popularity of herbal products, cultivation of medicinal plants to ensure constant supply can be an important alternative source of economy in the state. But there is a need to generate awareness on various aspects of MAPs among the farmers and people of Uttarakhand. The lack of effective marketing infrastructure and post‐harvest techniques (collection of the farm produce, transportation to warehouse, storage, processing and packaging) and limited credit facility available to farmers are the major hurdles. In addition, there is a lack of availability and accessibility to MAPs inputs and the knowledge / information about suitable and remunerative crops. Domestication and cultivation of some important medicinal plants used in traditional as well as modern therapies is beset with the problems of poor seedling establishment while the poor seed set in nature affects the yield in others. The range of active constituents and essential oil components differ with altitudinal and geographical changes in most medicinal and aromatic plants. Therefore, species-specific measures are needed ensuring simultaneously both conservation as well as sustainability in raw material production. To increase production and productivity it is important to spread the cluster approach and facilitate low-cost processing. Forest Corperation has made 3-4 mandis where auctions of MAPs take place. There is need to take appropriate measures for improving productivity and production of herbal and medicinal plants and their trade in the state. Medicinal and aromatic plants can be a strong option for diversification provided proper linkages with the market can be developed. Cultivation of medicinal plants in the State has failed to pick up due to non-availability of quality planting material, information gaps on agro-techniques, exploitative market mechanisms, etc. Some of the suggestions to improve the cultivation are – Necessity of minimum support price (MSP) for Cultivated MAPs, Selection, Breeding and Standardization of Agro-techniques for Priority Species, market assurance to cultivators, research & development for making high yielding varieties, etc. Quality requirement of the raw material(s) With the tremendous increase in the global use of medicinal plants, several concerns regarding the efficacy and safety of the herbal medicines have also been raised. Hence it has become necessary to standardize the efficacy and safety measures so as to ensure supply of medicinal plant materials with good quality. To address this, the first Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Committee was constituted in 1962 under the Chairmanship of Col. Sir Ram Nath Chopra. The Committee was reconstituted in 1972 under the Chairmanship of Prof. A.N.Namjoshi to continue the work of compilation of the Ayurvedic Formulary of India as a pre-requisite for undertaking the work of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. The Part I of

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India consists of Vol-I, II, III, IV and V comprising respectively 80, 78, 100, 68 and 92 monographs prescribing standards for Ayurvedic single drugs of plant origin. The monograph gives limits under assay, for any one constituent or group of constituents like total alkaloids or total volatile oils. In the case of water soluble or alcohol soluble extractives a minimum lower limit has been given. For impurities like Ash, Acid insoluble Ash etc, a maximum upper limit has been given. Following information has been collected from different volumes of API, published by Government of India so far.

S. No. Trade name Foreign Total Ash Acid- Alcohol- Water- Constituents matter (Not more insoluble soluble soluble than) ash extractive extractive (Not more (Not more than) (Not less (Not less than) than) than)

1 Satawari 1% 5% 0.50% 10% 45% Sugar, Glycosides, (yallow) Saponin and Sitosterol

2 Sarpagandha 2% 8% 1% 4% 10% Rauwolfia contains indole alkaloids, such as reserpinine, serpentinine and ajmalicine

3 Kutki 2% 7% 1% 10% 20% Glucoside (Picrorhizin).

4 Tagar 2% 12% 10% 30% 19% Essential oil

5 Atees 2% 4% 1% 6% 24% Alkaloids (atisine, dihydroatisine, hetisined and heteratisine).

6 Kuth 2% 4% 1% 12% 20% Essential oil, alkaloid (saussurine) and bitter resin

7 Lemon grass 2% 14% 4% 2% 7% Essential oil containing Citral as major constituent

8 Damaskrose 2% 7.50% 1% 15% 24% Essential Oil

Note: Lemongrass and Chamomile has not been covered under published monographs.

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Policy for buy-back with the industry Policy for buy-back facilitation or tie-up with the industry to mitigate the problem of the farmers in marketing of their produce of MAPs – (a) SMPB should take proactive role in facilitating the marketing linkages for farmers of state. Industry running in state should be encouraged to take the produce directly from farmers on mutually agreed price and quality terms. There should be a tripartite agreement between cultivator-buyer and SMPB. Regular Buyer-Seller meet should be organized by SMPB to facilitate the agreements between farmers and companies. Efforts should also be made to invite out of state industry to take cultivated material from farmers (group).

(b) CAP is buying aromatic oils from the registered farmers on fixed price and this arrangement is going well since last many years. Medicinal plants should also be purchased by designated departments / office (either HRDI or Bhesaj Sangh) on pre-fixed price after assessing the quality of produce. For this SMPB should declare the minimum support price (MSP) for cultivated medicinal plants. Revolving funds should be available with purchasing organization and funds to be utilized for purchase of raw material from registered farmers in State. Hands on training Extension work related to transfer of technology should be carried out by organizations which have presence in State like HRDI, CAP, HAPPRC, CSIR-CIMAP, GBP Agriculture University and some selected NGOs. Funding for this can be generated from NMPB schemes. Each institutes/organization can take/choose some districts for providing hands on training to farmers. Accordingly funds could be divided among these institutes. These organizations may be asked to submit the proposal for same to SMPB/NMPB. Some selected NGOs who are actively engaged in cultivation and extension activities should also be included after proper scrutiny of their activities and past experience.

Overall Limitations of MAPs Sector So far, there has been no organised management of medicinal plants in Uttarakhand. Unscientific extraction, over exploitation, lack of replenishment efforts and virtually, non- existent of marketing management are some of the factors threatening the survival of a large number of medicinal plants in the State. The occurrence of medicinal plant species in Uttarakhand is highly diverse in nature. There is lack of training on identification, collection, storage, value addition, nursery and cultivation techniques. This has led to a significant knowledge gap on medicinal plants. A number of institutions and departments are working in this field separately and independently without much interaction among them. This is responsible for duplicity in research work and research without focused attention with a clear-cut agenda. The system of commercial exploitation (through collection from natural habitat) of medicinal plants and its marketing has been the responsibility of various organisations from time to time, but still, not a single effective system has been developed over the years. The principal constraint is financial. States need to allocate more funds to sector. Infrastructure needs to be good enough.

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Limitations of the Study Traders surveyed in this report were sometimes reluctant to discuss and share trade information with the surveyor who they thought were outsiders. MAP trade still works under a partially unorganised environment where disclosure of quantity of sales in precise figures is not always done. In this situation, precise estimation of the economics of MAP trade becomes somewhat difficult.

Recommendations 1. The species that have been finally selected are based on fulfilment of all criteria (Agro-techniques, QPM, Agro-climate, Economic return and future projection, Utilization Range, Social acceptance, Processing and export potential etc). 2. It is recommended medicinal plant species like Kutki, Atees, Tagar and Sarpaganda, Satawari be taken as mix crop along with other vegetables. Looking into the demand and uses of these species is highly suggested for cultivation. 3. The scope for Kuth is high. The climatic conditions of Uttrakhand suit its cultivation. 4. In the form of value added products, the potential of Damask Rose is very high. Development of extraction technology will help the item to be more viable in export market. 5. The scope for Chamomile lies in value addition as oil. The climatic conditions of Uttrakhand suit its cultivation. It is recommended with value addition. Export market is available. 6. Lemon grass can fetch a better market with value addition in the form of oil and its allied products. 7. Mint is a widely accepted crop and farmers are very familier with this crop. There is a need to promote as it fetches good retun. 8. Checking of undocumented import is essential for the successful cultivation of MAP for cultivation. 9. Some other species have also found to be potential namely; Jatamansi, Salam Panja, Chiraita, Meetha Vish which require immediate attention for R&D.

Way Forward The 10 selected MAP species for cultivation and 10 selected species for afforestation/agroforestry have been approved by Review Committee on 13th September, 2013 under the Chairmanship of Dr. Rakesh Shah, Chairman, Uttarakhand Biodiversity Board. The manual of selected 10 species will be prepared as enlisted below. Information will be collated from published sources, and comprehensive documentation in the form of a manual will be prepared

Table 16 Selected 10 Species for manual Preparation as per TOR

S.No. Botanical name Common Name

1 Saussurea costus Kuth

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S.No. Botanical name Common Name

2 Picrorhiza kurroa Kutki

3 Valeriana jatamansi Tagar

4 Aconitum heterophyllum Atees

5 Asparagus racemosus Satawari

6 Rauvolfia serpentina Sarpagandha

7 Mentha arvensis Japanese Mint

8 Rosa damascene Rose

9 Cymbopogon citratus Lemon grass

10 Matricaria chamomilla Chamomile

Further, review committee has also been advised to add five more species as enlisted below for preparation of plantation/cultivation pakages in the form of manual for future use.

Table 17 Suggested 5 species for manual preparation by Review committee

S.No. Botanical name Common Name

1 Skimmia laureola Kadar pathi

2 Paris polyphylla Satwa

3 Trilidium govanianum Chhota satwa

4 Pterocarpus marsupium Bejasal

5 Hedychium spicatum Kapoor Kachri

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Suggested roadmap and time frame to achieve the objectives of the study

Year wise Time frame Road Map 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Field trials at different zones and fine tuning of developed packages

Finalization of package and training to farmers

Training on MAPs cultivation

Areas and Farmers identification for cultivation under cluster approach

Value addition and processing training

Product development

Branding and Marketing

Note: The details in the above table are for medicinal plants.

References 1. Bisht N S, Gera M, Sultan Z, Gusain M.S. Status of collection, cultivation and marketing of medicinal and aromatic plants in Pithoragarh, Uttaranchal.Indian Forester 2005, 131(3): 346‐357. 2. Bisht N.S., Rawat R B S, Singh C J , Gusain M S. ENVIS Forestry Bulletin, Vol.7, No.2; YEAR‐2007: STATUS OF COLLECTORS, CULTIVATORS AND MARKETING OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN UTTARAKHAND: Forest Research Institute, Dehradun 3. Chauhan, NS (2006). Scope of commercialization of MAP‟s. Science tech. Earthquake, July 2006 4. CHEMEXCIL, 49th Annual report, 2011-12 5. CIMAP. Mentha arvensis. Available at http://203.190.147.122/ruraltech/Mentha.aspx 6. Chandola S 2005. Some rare and imperfectly known medicinal plant species of Uttaranchal. Indian Forester 131 (3). 341-345. 7. Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine: A Hand Book of Common Remedies in Unani System of Medicine, New Delhi, 1986. 8. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES): Annual Report 2007

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

9. GIZ 2012. Domestic market study for selected medicinal and aromatic plants. 10. Herbal Uttaranchal, Present market scenario. HRDI farmers information bulletin, 2003 11. HRDI 2007. Medicinal and aromatic plants 12. Handa S S , Kaul M K. Supplement to Cultivation and Utilization Medicinal Plants. 1996. R.R.L Jammu Tawi (Golorisa superb P. 213‐222/ Indian Aconite 247‐253/ Picrorrhiza kurroa P.333‐348). 13. Handa S.S., Kaul M.K. Suppliment to Cultivation and Utilization of Aromatic Plants. 1997. R.R.L Jammu Tawi. (Cympogon nardus Cultivation P.85‐105/ Damask Rose Cultivation P.195‐212/ Matricaria chamomila cultivation P.241‐253/ Stats of Essential oil Bearing Plants in Uttrakhand, P.485‐503) 14. Kala C P. Commercial exploitation and conservation status of high value medicinal plants across the borderline of India and Nepal in Pithoragarh. Indian Forester 2003, 129(1). 80‐84. 15. Kala C. K., Dhyani P.P., Sajwan B. S. Developing the medicinal plants sector in northern India: challenges and opportunities. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2006, Vol‐2, 1‐15. Availabale from:http://www.ethnobiomed.com/content/2/1/32. 16. Lokesh G B 2004. Sweet flag (Acorus calamus)-Cultivation and Economics aspects. Natural Product radiance 2004; 3(1). 17. NeDFi. Handbook on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, NeDFi 18. NMPB 2008. Agro-techniques of selected medicinal plants- Volume 1. National Medicinal Plants Board, Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, 2008. Pp. 131 19. NMPB 2009. Agro-techniques of selected medicinal plants- Volume 2. National Medicinal Plants Board, Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, 2009. Pp. 147 20. Narain Singh Chauhan N S. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Himachal Pradesh, Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi,1999, pp 632 21. Naithani, B.D. Flora of India Series 3. Flora of Chamoli. BSI New Delhi, Two Vol.1984 pp .800, 22. Phondani P C, Vikram S negi, Bhatt I D, Maikhuri R K, Kothyari B P 2011. Promotion of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Cultivation for Improving Livelihood Security: A Case Study from West Himalaya, India. International Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 245-252, December 2011 23. Rawat R and Vashistha D P 2011. Shortlisting of cultivable herbal plants in the Bhabhar region of the Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India. International Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants ISSN 2249-4340 24. Rawat M S and Upadhyay M. ENVIS Forestry Bulletin, Vol.7, No.2; 2007: COLLECTION AND MARKETING OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN UTTARAKHAND, Herbal Research and Development Institute, Gopeshwar

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

25. P.C. Phondani, V. S. (2001). Promotion of medicinal and aromatic plants cultivation for improving livelihood security: A case study of west Himalaya, India, 245-252. 26. Personal Communication through email from SMPB, Uttarakhand on 8 December 2012. 27. P.Vashistha, R. R. (May 2011). Shortlisting of cultivable herbal plant in the Bhabhar region of Garwal Himalayas, Uttarakhand, 23-27. 28. PLANTS IN MUNSIYARI, PITHORAGARH: A CASE STUDY FROM UTTARAKHAND, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun 29. Surabhi Mittal, G. T. (July 2008). Development strategy for the hill districts of Uttarakhand. 30. Surabhi M, Tripathi G, and Sethi D 2008. Development Strategy for the Hill Districts of Uttarakhand. Working paper no. 217. Indian Council for Research on International Economics Relations, 2008. 31. Sharma Ravindra 2004. Agro techniques of medicinal plants 32. Shah Rakesh. Nature‟s Medicinal Plants of Uttaranchal (Herbs, Grasses and Ferns) Two Volumes, Gyanodaya Prakashan, Nainital, 2003 33. Sultan Z, Gusain M S, Singh C J, Bisht N S. ENVIS Forestry Bulletin VOLUME‐6, 2006; CULTIVATION AND MARKETING OF HIGH ALTITUDE MEDICINAL 34. Sarin Y. K. Medicinal plant raw materials for Indian drug and pharmaceutical industry I. An appraisal of resources. Indian Forester 2003, 129(1) 3‐24. 35. Sundriyal. R.C. Medicinal plant cultivation and conservation in the Himalaya. An agenda for action, Indian Forester 2005 131(3) 410‐424. 36. Samant S S, Dhar U, Palni L M S. Medicinal Plants of Indian Himalaya: Diversity Distribution Potential Values. Almora: G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, 1998 37. Tyagi D K 2005. Pharma Forestry. A Field Guide to Medicinal Plants. Published by Atlantic Publishers & Distributers. Pp. 259 38. Uniyal R.C., 2000, Cultivation of medicinal plants- source book. Published by WWf New Delhi. 39. Uniyal, RC (2013): Medicinal Plant conservation and sustainable utilization strategy for Uttarakhand State. First draft report submitted to State. 40. Uniyal S K, Awasthi A , Rawat G S. Current status and distribution of commercially exploited medicinal and aromatic plants in upper Gori valley, Kumaon Himalaya, Uttaranchal 41. Uttarakhand Herbal Expo- 2007. Souveneir. Published by Uttaranchal Forest Development Corporation, Dehradun 42. Ved D. K., Goraya G. S. Demand and Supply of Medicinal Plants in India; Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore, 2008, pp216. Published by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun.

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Annexure 1 Survey format to collect information on plant materials / extracts used by traders/ suppliers/ Industries using plant based raw materials in their establishment D D M M Y E A R

2 0 1 2 Date

1. Company Name

Contact Person

Email Tel/Mobile

Nature of Business Pharmaceutical Retail Spa / health Commission agent

Exporter Importer Extractor Dealer

Other (specify)

Address

Web page

Annual Turn Over 1-50 Lakhs 51-100 Lakhs 101-150 Lakhs 150 Lakhs & Above

Year of Establishment of business ______Major Products

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Details of major plants (medicinal and aromatic) used in your establishment

Volume procured Source of procurement Main reason for procurement from other (Last two years) state (Mark √ to the appropriate answer)

S. Trade Name / Local

N. Name

11 12

- -

states

% %

Less Less

Better

Others

quality

(Specify (Specify

2010 2011

(specify) (specify)

districts)

Lowcost

Priceof procurement

productive

availability

Other Uttarakhand

Any contract farming initiated for supply of raw materials for your establishment (Yes / No) Circle appropriate answer Would you be interested to engage in contract farming with local farmers in the state of Uttarakhand (Yes / No) Circle appropriate answer

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S. Trade Name / Local From whom is it procured (Mark √ Part of the plant used (Mark √ to the appropriate Which form is it Source of plant material N. Name to the appropriate answer) answer) procured (Mark (Mark √ to the √ to the appropriate answer) appropriate

answer)

Farmer Mandi(name it) VanNigam Middleman Others (specify) Root Stem Leaves Flower Bark Fruit Wholeplant Others (specify) Dry Fresh Others (specify) (forest) Wild Cultivated Both Don’t Know

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Annexure 2 Study format for collecting information from cultivators of MAPs

Rainfall______

Altitude______

Major natural vegetation (MAPs)______

1. Village

______Block______

2. District

______Panchayat______

3. Full Name of the Cultivator

______

4. Community______

______

5. Total land holding (Nali)

______

6. Area under Medicinal & Aromatic (MAP) plants

(Nali)______

7. Major Agricultural

crops______

______

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

8. Since when MAP cultivation

practiced______

9. Do you grow MAP as a single crop or as a mixed crop with other agriculture crops? (Write S – single crop, M- mixed cropping)

10. Information on MAPs cultivated in the current year (2011-2012)

Irrigation No of Name of the Cropping Month (Write I- Part of the Sl. Method of Month of irrigations species (Local/ period of Irrigated Plant of trade No. cultivation* Harvesting required Trade Name) (months) Sowing and R- importance in a year rainfed

*Cultivation method (1-direct seed sowing, 2- rhizome 3-cuttings 4- nursery grown saplings 5- others specify)

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

11. Input cost for each species per crop

Seed/ planting Fertilizer Labour details Name Area material Irrigati Transpor Tot Sl. of the under on cost tation al No. species the crop if any cost Total Family Hired cost Wage Qty Cost Qty Cost labour labour Labour rate (days) (days) (days)

12. Yield and Price information (for the last three years)

Total Yield (Kg/ Nali) Where is Selling Price per crop (Rs/Kg) Sl. Name of the the crop No. species 2012 2011 2010 sold# 2012 2011 2010

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Total Yield (Kg/ Nali) Where is Selling Price per crop (Rs/Kg) Sl. Name of the the crop No. species 2012 2011 2010 sold# 2012 2011 2010

#1= Local market; 2 = Local trader; 3= BhesajSangh; 4= Forest Corporation 5= others 13. Market information a. Nearest Market

______

b. Distance to the market

______

14. Information on subsidy wherever applicable

Crop wise Name of the Sl. Amount Subsidy insurance facility species (Local/ Any other information No. of Loan information (if Yes, indicate Trade Name) the rate/ nail)

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Crop wise Name of the Sl. Amount Subsidy insurance facility species (Local/ Any other information No. of Loan information (if Yes, indicate Trade Name) the rate/ nail)

15. Do you do any value addition to the MAPs grown in your field? If yes, please provide details.

S. Name of the species (Local/ Trade Specify kind of value addition done by the No. Name) farmer

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

16. Value addition infrastructure

Kind of Input costs Price of Sl. infrastructure produce after Labour Labour No. set up Electricity Packaging value addition family Hired cost material (days) (days)

17. Opportunity cost – If you would not have grown MAPs in your land, what else would you have done with your land?

18. Issuing authority for permit for cultivating MAPs

19. Who and what motivate you for adopting MAP cultivation?

20. Contract farming i. Are you into contract farming? If yes, specify the agency?

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

ii. Support under contract farming (tick √ for the relevant answer)

Name of Seed/ Transport Subsidy Loan Support Crop Total the sapling/ to the price insurance buy species cuttings market back

21. Reasons for adopting MAP cultivation?

22. Which species of MAPs cultivated earlier which is not cultivated now

23. Reason for not cultivating them now

24. Please name the traders to whom you sell your MAP produce?

25. Any problem/ suggestion

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Checklist for discussion with farmers participating in cluster farming  No. of farmers  Name of species cultivated  Information on training received  Membership fees if any  How is marketing done?  Any other information  Land ceiling rate

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Annexure 3 List of industries contacted for the market survey

S. Name of the Industry Address Contact Telephone Fax No. Person & Designation

1 Jindal Research Labs Plot No. 1, Nand Nagar Director 05947- 05947-275983 Ltd. Industrial Estate, 226182,8958515945,9 Mahuakheraganj, 837070533 Kashipur, U S Nagar, Uttarakhand 244713

2 SFC Foods Pvt. Ltd. Sector C3, Plot No. 12, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand

3 Bharat Bhaishaiya Mandir Marg Turner 0135-2640792 0135-2640909 Shala Pvt. Ltd. Clement Town, Dehradun 248002

4 Jagdamba Ayurvedic E-65,66, Industrial Area, Pharmacy Haridwar, Uttarakhand

5 Adarsh Ayurvedic Daksh Road, Kankhal, Director, 01334-246660 Pharmacy Haridwar 249408, Ayurved & Uttarakhand Unani Services

6 Herbal Concepts Plot No.2, Sector 1, The Director, 01334-235009 Health Care Pvt. Ltd. Industrial Area, SIDCUL, Uttarakhand Haridwar 249403, Ayurvedic & Uttarakhand Unani Services, Dehradun

7 Anamika Herbals Plot No. 17, Sector 16- Dr Puja 9411501678/ 212119 / b.I.I.E. (BHEL), SIDCUL, Bhardwaj, 9837133147 Haridwar 249 403 Director/Drug Controller, Ayurvedic and Unani Sewain, Dehradun

8 Swadeshi Ayurvedic Arya Nagar Jwalpur, 01334-325426 Pharmacy Haridwar 249 403, Uttaranchal

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S. Name of the Industry Address Contact Telephone Fax No. Person & Designation

9 Dabur India Ltd. Plot No.4, Sector-2, IIE, 05944-398500 Pantnagar Diss., U.S Nagar, Uttarkhand- 263146,

10 Harsoria Herbal Care 132, Village Aurenjebput, 09219662979 Teh : Rooke, Distt. Haridwar, U.K-247667

11 Natural Remedies Pvt. 5B, Veerasandra 080-40209999 080-40209817 Ltd. Industrial Area, 19 KM Stone, Hosur Road, Electronic City, Bangalore - 560 100.

12 Peethambra Ayurved Sodhi Farm, Village 05947-270032 05947-270032 Bhawan Ltd. Server Khera, Tehsil Kashipur, Dist. Udham Singh Nagar, (U.K), Pin.244714

13 Eastern Healthcare Plot No.7, Sector-6A, IIE 01334-239501-02 01334-239503 SIDCUL, Haridwar, Uttrakhand, Pin-249403

14 Jagdamba Ayurvedic E-65,66, Industrial Area, Pharmacy Haridwar, Uttarkhand

15 Magikle Pharma Pvt Plot No. 26, Sector 6B, 01334-239206 01334-239205 Ltd SIDCUL, Haridwar, Uttarakhand - 249403

16 Ruchi Soya Industries Khasra No. 92-93, Dr. D.K. 0133 291166, 67, 68 Ltd. Makhanpur, Bhagwanpur Srivastava, Sr. P.O, Roorkee - 247661, Manager Haridwar, Uttarakhand

17 Eastern Health Care Plot No. 7, Sector 6A, IIE 01334 239501-02 01334 239503 SIDCUL, Haridwar, Uttarakhand - 249403

18 Maxcure Drugs & Plot No. 13, Sector - 6A, 01334 325982, 84-86, 01334 239219 Pharmaceuticals Ltd. I.I.E, SIDCUL, Ranipur, 239220-24 Haridwar - 249 403

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S. Name of the Industry Address Contact Telephone Fax No. Person & Designation

19 Jan Kalyan Ayurveda E-7, Industrial Area, 01334 225425 Pharmacy Haridwar, Uttarakhand

20 Vagbhatt E-7-A, Industrial Area, 01334-226833 01334-226302 Pharmaceuticals Haridwar, Uttarakhand

21 Divya Pharmacy C/o Prabhat Herbals Pvt. 01334-265857, 01334-265859 Ltd., D-20, Industrial 322755 Area, Haridwar

22 Akums Drugs & Plot No. 47, Sec. 6A, IIE, Dr S K Thakur 01334-239947 01334-239950 Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Sidcul Ranipur Haridwar Ltd (U.K.)

23 Franklin Lab (India) KH. No-139, Makhanpur, 01332-232581 01332-232583 Herbals Bhagwanpur, Haridwar

24 Patanjali Ayurved Patanjali Food & Herbal Sundup 9359180508 Limited (Unit-III) Park, Laksar Road, Parashar, Padartha, Haridwar Technical Expert

25 S B L (Pvt) Limited S B L (Pvt) Limited, 2 0120-28955293 Commercial Complex, Shrestha Vihar, Delhi- 110092

26 Shantikunj Pharmacy Shantikunj Pharmacy, Dr R P Pandey 01334-260602 01334-260866 Gayatrikunj, Haripurkala, Dehradun-249411

27 Himalik Herbs India Himalik Herbs India, 0135-2485548 0135-2485548 Haripur Kalan, Motichoor, via Raiwala, Dist. Dehradun

28 Amritdhara Pharmacy Amritdhara Pharmacy Pvt Ms Neeta 0135-2743602, - 0135-2744329 Pvt Ltd Ltd, 97-A Rajpur Road, Singha, 2744329 Dehradun-248001 Executive Director

29 Sun India Pharmacy Sun India Pharmacy Pvt Mr V N Yadav Pvt Ltd Ltd, Plot No. 4, Sec.-3, IIE, SIDCUL, Pantnagar, Rudrapur - 263 153

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S. Name of the Industry Address Contact Telephone Fax No. Person & Designation

30 Shree Balaji Agro Shree Balaji Agro Pharma, Mr Anand 93368 57635/34 Pharma Plot No. 83, Sec.-7, IIE, Swarup Pantnagar - 263 153

31 Sri Sri Ayurveda Sri Sri Ayurveda, Plot No. 9917100279 13, 14 Sigaddi Growth Centre, Kotdwar - 246 149

32 Rainbow Passion Rainbow Passion, D-16, 17 Authorized 099358 32296 Sigddi Growth Center, Signatory Kotdwar

33 Kanti Diabetic Care Kanti Diabetic Care 0135-2431305 0135-2431503 Centre Centre, 1 Sadanand Marg, Rishikesh, Dehra Dun - 249 201

34 Jaikiran Herbals Jaikiran Herbals, 43-44 Authorized 01334-239549 011-27552780 IIDC, SIDCUL, Haridwar Signatory - 249 403

35 Jaikiran Herbals S F C Foods Pvt Ltd, Sec. Authorized 3, Plot No. 12, Pantnagar Signatory

36 Good care Pharma Good care Pharma (Pvt) Authorized 0135-2698595 (Pvt) Ltd, B-1 Sara Industrial Signatory Estate, Rampur, Selaqui, Dehradun - 248 197

37 Arogya Formulations 76, Sec. 6, SIDCUL, 01334-239155 P. Ltd Haridwar (U.K.) - 249403

38 Magikle Pharma Pvt. Plot No. 26, Sector 6b, 1334239206 1334239205 Ltd Sidcul Haridwar, Uttarakhand - 249403

39 Shiv India Plot no. 12-15 M/E Pipli Satish Kumar Pharmaceuticals Laksar, Haridwar, - 9897770065 Uttarakhand - 247663

40 M/s Padmavati F-52, Old Industrial Area, Babuulal Jain 01334-220151, 01334-220150 Pharmaceuticals Haridwar, Uttarakhand - 645375 249401

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S. Name of the Industry Address Contact Telephone Fax No. Person & Designation

41 Anamika Herbals Plot no. 17 sector 6-B. IIE Seema 9411501678; 212119, (B.H.E.L) SIDCUL, Aggarwal 9837133147 Haridwar, (U.A) - 249403

42 Herbal Concepts Plot No. 2, Sector 1, 01334-234405 01334-235009 Health Care Pvt. Ltd Industrial Area, SIDCUL, Haridwar, Uttarakhand - 249403

43 Patanjali Ayurved Ltd. Maharshi Dayandand 01334-241274 01334-241259 Unit- II Gram, Besides Divya Nursery Near Patanjali Yogpeeth, Bahadaraad, Roorkee Road, Hrd.

44 Eli Pharmaceuticals Kh. No. 255, Vill. Sisona, 01332-235137, 01332- 235327 Bhagwanpur, Haridwar 235327

45 Rahat Herbal Khasra No. 750, Vill. 9219400660 247667 Industries Kishanpur, Roorkee, Haridwar

46 Patanjali Ayurved D- 38, Old Industrial Area 01334-325019 01334-265370 Limited Haridwar

47 Dr. S. Farooq, The Himalaya Drug 0135-2640233 0135-2640264 President Company, Dehardun. E. mail: [email protected]

Fax: 91-135-2640264

48 Divya Pharmachy A-1, Industrial Area, 01334-265857, 01334-265859 Haridwar 322755

49 Baba Kali Kambli Swargaashram Trust Wala Ayurvedic Aashodiyla,Pauri Gharwal

50 M/s Chaturbhuj Plot No:- 84 & 85, Sec.- Pharmaceuticals 6A, IIE, Sidcul, Haridwar

51 M/s Chaturbhuj Plot No.- 77, Sec.-6A, IIE, Pharmaceuticals Co. SIDCUL, Haridwar

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S. Name of the Industry Address Contact Telephone Fax No. Person & Designation

52 Shahnaz Ayurvedicn Khasra No. -65, Shiv Roorkee Ganga Industrial Estate,Roorkee, Dist. Haridwar

53 M/s Himalaya Kharkhari Haridwar Pharmacy

54 Deshrakshak Kankhal, Haridwar Aushdhalaya Ltd.

55 Plant Herbs B-4 Sara, Industrial Estate Lifesciences Pvt. Ltd Chota Rampur, Salequi, Dehradun

56 Bharat Bhaishajya Mandir Marg Turner 0135-2640909 Shala Pvt. Ltd. Clement Town, Dehradun 248002

57 Prabhat Herbals (P) D-20, Industrial Area, 9837766671/72 Ltd. Haridwar, Uttarakhand

58 Emami Ltd. Plot no. -40/41 Sector 5, IIE, Sidcul, Pantnagar

59 Hamdard (WAKF) Hamdard Building, 2A/3 Laboratories Asaf Ali Road

New Delhi 110 002 Ph: 91-11- 23239801/23239802/232398 03

Email: [email protected] om

60 Dr. N.B. Brindavanam Dabur India Limited. (Dr. Baba), DGM, Ph. 9810705066 Bioresource Division E-mail: [email protected]

61 Green Remedies Nirmal Gram Nakronda, 9412057959 Ayurvedic Medicine Gularghati Road,

Dehradun

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S. Name of the Industry Address Contact Telephone Fax No. Person & Designation

62 Dr.Sudhakar ENVIN BIOCEUTICALS Agarwal,, Director PVT. LTD

P.B. No. 203, Sharda Nagar, Saharanpur, Saharanpur - 247001, Uttar Pradesh, India E.mail. [email protected]

63 Dr. Amit Agarwal, Natural Remedies Pvt. Director Ltd., Bangalore

E.mail: [email protected]

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Annexure 4 List of traders/ suppliers contacted for the market survey

S. Trader/ Supplier Contact Address Tel/Fax Email No. Name Person

1 Delhi Kirana House Mr Ahmad 6670, Khari Baoli, 23968082 Delhi 6

2 National Oil & Mr Gaurav 2012, Kucha Chelan, 42680743 Chemicals Khari Baoli, Delhi-6

3 Indo Herbs Pharma Mr Rahul 80, Gandhi Gali, 23960784/9 [email protected] Kapoor Fatehpuri, Delhi - 6 810365202

4 Shri Vinod Kr Vinod Kr 80, Gandhi Gali, 9582199915 Verma Verma Fatehpuri, Delhi - 6

5 Nakul Enterprises Anirudh 1886, Kucha Chelan, 9350103346 mailmeanirudhgupta@redffima

Gupta Khari Baoli, Delhi - 6 il.com

6 Vijay Sons Monu 483, Katra Eashwar 9868426202 [email protected] Bhavan, Khari Baoli, Delhi - 6

7 Radhika Anil Kumar 536, Katra Eashwar 9811167763 Enterprises Bhavan, Khari Baoli, Delhi - 6

8 Capital Traders Shahabuddin 1343, Tilak Bazar, 23925504 Khari Baoli, Dehi - 6

9 Bhai Pardhan Singh Charanjeet 533, Katra Eashwar 9810116605, & Sons Singh Bhavan, Khari Baoli, 23934777 Delhi - 6

10 Ameya Enterprise Vipin 51/16, 1st Floor, New 9213712828 Aggarwal Market, Katra Medgram, Khari Baoli, Delhi - 6

11 Rakesh Trading Co R Goel 330, Katra Hussain 23962097 Bux, Khari Baoli, Delhi - 6

12 Central Herbal Hakim Mohd 2564, Tilak Bazar, 23977583 Export (New Yameen Khari Baoli, Delhi - 6 Kirana Store)

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S. Trader/ Supplier Contact Address Tel/Fax Email No. Name Person

13 Global Herbs Vikas Gaba 47, 3rd Floor, New 9868062796 [email protected], Katra Ishwar Bhavan, [email protected] Khari Baoli, Delhi - 6

14 Asia Trading Md. Zeeshan 6699, Khari Baoli 23935132 Company Main Road, Delhi - 6

15 Anmol Trading Manmohan 1053, Gandhi Gali, Company Fatehpuri, Delhi-6

16 Bhagwandas & Nakul 2006, 1st Floor, Kucha 011- Sons Chelan, Khari Baoli, 22511160 Delhi-6

17 Natural Herbs Radheshyam 73/40, Ishwar Market, 011- Gandhi Gali, 23975938 Fatehpuri, Delhi-6

18 Krishna Trading Fatehchand 2217 to Company 2220, 2nd Floor, Gali Hingabeg, Tilak Bazar, Delhi-6

19 Arjandas & sons Sardar 476, Khari Baoli, Arjandas Delhi-6

20 Atar Singh & Sons Ajit Singh F-6, Shraddhanand 011- Market, GB Road, 23931134 Delhi-6

21 Shiv Deep Deepesh 330, Katra Hussain 011- Gupta Bux, Khari Baoli, 23979565; Delhi - 6 9312223182

22 Saico Healthcare Paramjit 2802/440, Bara Bazar, 011- Pvt. Ltd. Singh Kashmere Gate, 41504332, Delhi-6 23911532; 9212066713

23 Anant Overseas Rohit Gupta 2- Gopal Bhawan, 011- Gali Batashan, 23925901; Ramdev Market, 8860069005, Khari Baoli, Delhi-6 9810518144

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S. Trader/ Supplier Contact Address Tel/Fax Email No. Name Person

24 Jugal Kishore Mool Deepal Gupta 281, Katra Pedan, 011- Chand Tilak Bazar, Khari 23930504, Baoli, Delhi-6 23980504; 9810121491

25 Verdure Herbals Vaneet Seth 70, 1st Floor, Gandhi 011- Gali, Fatehpuri, 23942793; Delhi-6 9891995058

26 Greenfield Mr. Chand 1st Floor, Premier 0135- [email protected] Naturals Kant Rawat Auto Sales Building, 2665186 Shastri Nagar, Haridwar Road, Dehradun- 248005

27 National Seed Mr. Swaran 21, Gangotri Enclave, 0135- Corporation Singh Opp. HCL 2626339 compound, Niranjanpur, Dehradun- 248001

28 Arya Vastu Mr. Mayank 46-Dispensary Road, Tel: 0135- Bhandar V Arya Dehradun-248001 2654884; [email protected] Uttarakhand (India) Fax: 0135- m 2714693

29 Bharat Drugs 50, Moti Bazar, 0135- Company Dehradun- 2657890 248001

30 M/s Shri Laxmi Mr Kamal Shop No. 14, Devpura 9897014397, [email protected] Trading Company Sharma Ashram, Devpura 9719171690,

Chowk, Haridwar 9758948579

31 M/s Prashant Dr Arun 24, Shiv Pura, 9368759011, Trading Co. Malhotra Kankhal, Haridwar- 9319023928 249408

32 Vyas Mr Ashish Plot No. 77, Sec.-6A, 01334- [email protected]

Pharmaceuticals Pandit I.I.E., SIDCUL, 239845, m Haridwar 9411111086

33 Herbal Automation Mr Vijay Hanuman Garhi, 01334- [email protected] Gupta Kankhal, Haridwar 200233, 9412074986,

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S. Trader/ Supplier Contact Address Tel/Fax Email No. Name Person

9412904529

34 Deshrakshak Kanhal, Haridwar- 01334- [email protected] Aushdhalaya 249 408 245877, Limited 01334- 243833, fax- 01334- 245866

35 A S Sharda Mr Subhash Nehru Marg, 05943- [email protected] Enterprises Sharda, Mr Tanakpur-262309 265133 (O), Atul K -265044 (R), Sharda 9897737133, 9897638133

36 Agarwal Trading Shri Kewal G B Panth Marg, 05943- Co. Singh Ward No. 1, 265014, Tanakpur, Dist. 265137, Champawat - 262309 9897729684 (RK), 9760129611 (NK)

37 Himalayan Mr Chandra Mohanpur Tankpur, 05943- Medicinal Herb Shekhar Main Bazar, 265205 Centre Tanakpur

38 Ratan Herbal Vijay G.B. Pant Marg, 5943- Agarwal Tanakpur, 265061, Champawat District, 265461, Pin-262309 0989760506 1

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Annexure 5 Survyed farmers cultivating MAP in Uttara Khand State

S.No Name of farmer Village Contract Dist Region MAP species no cultivating

1 Pradeep singh S/o Pralad Sour 9411500044 Uttarkashi Garhwal Kuth, Atis Singh

2 Jaspal Singh S/O Jagmohan Rana Uttarkashi Garhwal Rose Singh

3 Lakshman Singh S/O Balbir Oshla Uttarkashi Garhwal Kuth Singh

4 Lakshman Singh S/O Balbir Oshla Uttarkashi Garhwal Atees Singh

5 Lakshman Singh S/O Balbir Oshla Uttarkashi Garhwal Meetha Singh

6 Upendra Singh S/O Jeet Pal Sour 7579157380 Uttarkashi Garhwal Kuth Singh

8 Ranjor SinghS/o Amar Singh Rana Uttarkashi Garhwal Atis

9 Jayendra Singh S/O Lakhi Kharsali 7895503308 Uttarkashi Garhwal Meetha,Kutki, Singh Kuth

10 Saidhar SinghS/o Abdal Sinh Oshala 9410776111 Uttarkashi Garhwal Kuth,Meetha bish

11 Sadu Ram S/O Udami Ram Naugaon Uttarkashi Garhwal Badi Elachi

12 Janaar Singh S/O Gulab Singh Nishani Uttarkashi Garhwal Meetha

13 Chandra Singh S/o Meharban Raini Walli 01389- Chamoli Garhwal Kuth Singh 219066

14 Kundan Singh S/O Sher Singh Raini Walli Chamoli Garhwal Rosemary

15 Umrao Singh S/O Diwan Merag 7895172717 Chamoli Garhwal Kala jeera Singh

16 Mathura Pd S/O Chandramani Phali 7895098937 Chamoli Garhwal Satawar,Giloi Tripati

17 Jawahar Lal mendoli S/O Lila Phali 01372- Chamoli Garhwal Ashawagandha, Nand 265252 Kapoor kachari, Bach, Tulsi Tejpath,Stevia

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S.No Name of farmer Village Contract Dist Region MAP species no cultivating

18 Mohan singh S/O Kundan Ramni Chamoli Garhwal Kuth singh

19 Mohan singh S/O Kundan Ramni Chamoli Garhwal Kutki singh

20 Ganga Singh S/O Pratap Singh Ghat Chamoli Garhwal Kutki

21 Ganga Singh S/O Pratap Singh Ghat Chamoli Garhwal Faran

22 Chandra Singh S/o Meharban Raini walli 01389- Gopeswhar Garhwal Kuth Singh 219066

23 Rai SinghS/o Bana Singh Raini walli Gopeswhar Garhwal Rose marry

24 Mehtab Singh S/o Ait Singh Raini walli Gopeswhar Garhwal Choru

25 Kait Singh S/o Ait Singh Raini walli Gopeswhar Garhwal Kutki; kuth,Dolu, Charu

26 Lal singhS/oBakhatar Sinh Ramani Gopeswhar Garhwal Kutki,Kuth, Kalajeera,Phard,

27 Jhabar singhS/O Fate Singh Ramani Gopeswhar Garhwal Khutki

28 Vishwambar Negi S/O Jeet Bhadogi 9627520174 Dehra dun Garhwal Lemon grass Singh

29 Gita Ram Joshi S/O Shiv Ram Byasbhood 9456177702 Dehra dun Garhwal Lemon grass

30 Rakesh Kumar Rohila S/O Dhakrani Dehra dun Garhwal Lemongrass Jyoti Pd

31 Maya Ram S/O Kali Ram Prateetpur 7351304761 Dehra dun Garhwal Lemongrass

32 Maya Ram S/O Kali Ram Prateetpur Dehra dun Garhwal Chamomile

33 Shri. Mahendra Singh, Ambadi 992752080 Dehra dun Garhwal Chomile

34 Shri. Surya Prakash Harbat pur 9412147702 Dehra dun Garhwal Lemon grass Bahuguna,

35 Shri. Surya Prakash Haipur 9412147702 Dehra dun Garhwal Tulsi etc Bahuguna,

36 Shri. Risipal Saini, Prateetpur 9690634748 Dehra dun Garhwal Lemon grass

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S.No Name of farmer Village Contract Dist Region MAP species no cultivating

37 Shri. Risipal Saini, V Prateetpur 9690634748 Dehra dun Garhwal Japani mint

38 Dr. Ramesh Kasawa, Babugar 8449043903 Dehra dun Garhwal Chamomile Enfield grant

39 Shri. Ranveer Singh Rawat, Kotla nahan 9410186391 Dehra dun Garhwal Lemon grass

40 Shri. Subhas Sharma, Ambadi 9411512238 Dehra dun Garhwal Lemon grass

41 Shri. Jeet singh Negi, Bhadogi 9627520174 Dehra dun Garhwal Lemon grass

42 Shri. Surat Singh, Jadi 9997961308 Dehra dun Garhwal Demusk rose

43 Sunder Singh Kuthal Pondha 9411768287 Dehra dun Garhwal Lemon grass

44 Lal Singh Thakur Supi 9627365121 Bageshwar Kumaun Kutki

45 Balwant Singh Supi 9627696633 Bageshwar Kumaun Kutki , Kuth

46 Prema Takuli Supi Bageshwar Kumaun Kutki , Kuth

47 Charan Singh Thakuli Supi 8954430080 Bageshwar Kumaun Kutki , Kuth

48 Durga Devi Ramari Bageshwar Kumaun Tejpath

49 Nirmala Devi Ramari Bageshwar Kumaun Tejpath

50 Tara Ramari Bageshwar Kumaun Tejpath

51 Balwant Singh Guljarpur Bageshwar Kumaun Tejpath

52 Chanchal Singh Koranga Jaulkarthar Bageshwar Kumaun Rose marry

53 Jaidev Tiwari Jaulkarthar Champawat Kumaun Tejpath

54 Lila Dhar Jaulkarthar 9627789582 Champawat Kumaun Tejpath

55 Permanad Kolony Jaul Van katiya 9536505156 Champawat Kumaun Tejpath tok)

56 Rajendra Singh Bhandari Gudmi Champawat Kumaun Tejpath Garikhot

57 Shyam Sunder Singh Dighari Garighot Champawat Kumaun Satawar,

58 Uttam Singh Gowari Garighot Champawat Kumaun Satawar,

59 Madan Singh Maher Garighot Champawat Kumaun Satawar,

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S.No Name of farmer Village Contract Dist Region MAP species no cultivating

60 Deb Singh Bhesa jhala Champawat Kumaun Satawar,

61 Jagdish Chandra Kakri Pachpakaria Champawat Kumaun Satawar,

62 Girish Chandra Joshi Tanakpur, 9758522952 Champawat Kumaun Satawar, Mohanpur

63 Kailash Singh Bisht s/o Trilok Kamluwaganja 9411594356 Nainital Kumaun Rosemary, Singh Bisht Thyme,Rose, Textus, Chamomile

64 Pradeep Kumar Aggarwal Bhanot 9837162262 Nainital Kumaun Lemon grass,Critomella

65 Hari Singh Rawal Sunderkhal 9411343387 Nainital Kumaun Sarpagandha

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Annexure 6 Market Demand (MT) of Medicinal and Aromatic herbs, tree, shrub and climber species

S.No. Botanical Name Price Range No oIndustries Himalaya, Hamdard Patanjali, Dabur, Envin Natural Av. Annual Quantity contacted for Dehradun Delhi Haridwar New (MT/annum), Remedies consumption used/annu (Rs. Per Kg) Market Demand Delhi Saharanpur (MT/annum), of other m (Major Bangalore contacted Mandies industries of UK)

1 Emblica officinalis 50-80 59 High & 16.42 150-300 185 300 300 276.82 844.27 Regular (Dry)/260(Fresh) Demand

2 Terminalia chebula 25-40 61 High & 16.53 150-200 285 80 83 10.39 35.69 Regular Demand

3 Boswellia serrata 45-65 5 - 2.71 - - - - 13.03 65.14

4 Terminalia bellirica 12-18. 38 High & 4.27 150-200 150 50 95 6.44 28.04 Regular Demand

5 Symplocos racemosa 30-45 25 - 0.19 100 38 10 8 0.94 6.66

6 Asparagus racemosus 350-480 44 High & 1.72 180-250 100 22 70 5.09 Regular Demand

7 Cinnamomum tamala 40-70 35 - 1.63 150-400 - - - 1.22 6.16

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

8 Embelia tsjeriam-cottam 160-200 32 - - 25-40 30 35 3 5.83 21.79

9 Berberis aristata 15-25 42 - 3.82 50-100 20 10 1.35 0.72

10 Tinospora cordifolia 16-30 35 High & 6.01 200-400 125 95 40 11.68 0.96 Regular Demand

11 Tagetes patula 4000 1 ------0.05 0.05

12 Centella asiatica 55-100 - - 3.63 150-250 16 - 20

13 Picrorhiza kurroa 450-650 31 - 0.008 60-90 4 8 3 2.14 0.47

14 Acorus calamus Karvi Bach- 33 - 0.111 Karvi 20 25 16 3.44 0.26 130-180, Bach-250- Methi Bach- 300, 650-1200 Methi Bach-100- 150

15 Ocimum sanctum 40-50 30 High & 6.1 40-60 5 80 350 1.17 5.94 Regular Demand

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

16 Nardostachys grandiflora 400-500 32 - 2.51 30-50 3 - - 1.06

17 Swertia chirayita 350-450 23 - 0.21 50-80 18 - - 1.24

18 Ocimum basilicum 15-35 3 - - 30-40 150 - 2.41 3.63

19 Oroxylum indicum 30-50 10 ------29.50 77.16

20 Valeriana Jatamansi 125-250 22 - - 25-40 8 - - 1.09

21 Amomum subulatum 650-1000 21 - 2.71 80-150 - - - 0.85 5.07

22 Pueraria tuberosa 30-50 25 - 0.3 - 130 10 2 2.81 9.53

23 Vitex negundo 10-20. 21 - 0.17 20-40 1 - 8 1.28 6.39

24 Hedychium spicatum small-200, 7 - - 2-5. 7 16 15 0.64 1.58 large-50

25 Mentha arvensis 25 7 - 3.43 - - - - 1.45 4.18

26 Celastrus paniculatus 250 14 - - - - 1 4.35 11.83

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

27 Aconitum heterophyllum 4000-5000 20 - 0.008 5-10. 1 - - 0.21 0.08

28 Rauvolfia serpentina 250 13 - 1.073 45-60 3 - - 0.04 0.07

29 Premna serratifolia 15-25 2 - 0.31 30-50 80 - - 24.41 48.83

30 Gentiana kurroo 250 4 ------3.78

31 Woodfordia fruticosa 50-70 10 High & - 30-40 130 25 10 11.69 29.83 Regular Demand

32 Crataeva religiosa 50-70 12 - - 10-15. - - 16 0.65 3.65

33 Bauhinia variegata 13-15 12 - 6.05 20-30 - - - 0.77 2.89

34 Urarea picta 41628 11 - - 20-30 82 - - 5.91 0.12

35 Stereospermum 10-12. 4 - 0.1 - 88 - - 17.72 28.94 suaveolens

36 Paederia scandens 15-25 11 - - - 11 - - 0.71 2.75

37 Saussurea costus 125-150 10 - 2.09 40-80. 12 - - 0.49

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

38 Silybum marianum 250-300 ------

39 Carum carvi 45-70 9 - 5.86 40-60. - - 0.38 0.89

40 Zanthoxylum armatum 90-130. 9 - 2.23 70-120. 60 - - 0.24

41 Matricaria chamomilla 300 1 - 1.68 - - - - 0.04

42 Rheum emodi 45-60 7 - 1.93 9-15. 3 - 0.99

43 Taxus baccata - 0.2 5-10 - - 2

44 Myrica esculenta - 0.17 2-4 - - -

45 Sapindus mukorossi 30-70 6 - 1.15 130-500 20 - 0.08 0.29

46 Mentha piperita 1800 6 ------0.00 0.00

47 Callicarpa macrophylla 140-170 5 - - 15-25 4 - - 1.91 3.08

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

48 Dactylorhiza hatagirea 4500-6000 - 0.42 - - - -

49 Aconitum balfourii 65-100 4 - - 10-15. 1 - - 5.15

50 Arnebia euchroma 18-50 - - - 18 - -

51 Moringa oleifera 125 2 ------0.00

52 Polygonatum cirrhifolium 70-120 2 - - 25-35 - - - 0.09

53 Cymbopogon citratus 12-20. 3 - - 30-50 - - 1 (Oil) 3.97 5.79

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Annexure 7: Volumetric Trend Projection of selected MAP in India from Year 2010-2014 (GIZ Report on “Domestic Market Study for selected medicinal and aromatic plants”) Unit-Tonnes

S. No. Plant species Part used 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Average annual increment of last four years (%)

1 Satawari Dry Root 1419.47 1566.53 (10) 1728.82 (22) 1907.93 (34) 2105.60 (48) 12.10

2 Sarpagandha Dry Root 363.7 381.89 (5) 400.98 (10) 421.02 (16) 442.07 (22) 5.40

3 Kutki Dry Root 672.41 722.84 (7) 777.05 (16) 835.32 (24) 897.97 (34) 8.40

4 Tagar Dry Root 806.81 849.01 (5) 894.09 (11) 941.56 (17) 991.55 (23) 5.70

5 Atees Dry Root 56.45 58.28 (3) 60.17 (7) 62.05 (10) 64.07 (13) 3.40

6 Kuth Dry Root 715.51 774.25 (8) 837.82 (17) 906.61 (27) 981.04 (37) 9.30

7 Lemon grass Leaf 1344.29 1337.61 (0) 1437.93 (7) 1545.77 (15) 1661.70 (24) 5.90

8 Damaskrose Dry Flower 1774.56 1937.52 ((9) 2114.90 (19) 2308.84 (30) 2520.56 (42) 10.50

9 Chemomile Dry Flower 511.77 538.29 (5) 566.12 (11) 595.39 (16) 626.17 (22) 5.60

Note: The demand of each plant species product will increase as per the average annual increment of last four years. Projection of Japanese mint not available. Values in parenthesis refer to the percentage increment with respect to the year 2010.

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Annexure 8: Details of various Aromatic Plants Economics obtained from CAP (Centre for Aromatic Plant), Selaqui, Dehradun

Trade Total Input Yield/ha Price(Rs.) Annual/B Economic Gestation No of Distillation Estimated name Cost/ha iannual Life ( in period (in Harvest/ input Annual (without Biomass Rose oil/hac Biomass/Kg oil/ lt Month/year) Month) year cost(process Trade/annu including (Leaves OR Water ( in lt) (Leaves/Flo ing cost) m of column 13) Flower)/hac (in (lt/hac wer) Uttarakhand Kg ) (in MT)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Japanese 61828 20,000 herb - 200 - 1400 Annual 4 m 4 1 10,000 (Rs 33.6 oil Mint 50/100 kg herb)

German 66500 1000 dry flower - - 300 dry - Annual 6 m 6 1 - 2.55 flower Chamomile flower

Lemon 275750 40,000 herb - 125- - 750 Perennial 5 y 4 3 or 4 20,000 (Rs 5.13 oil Grass 200 50/100 kg herb)

Damask 276997 3000 flower 1,500 0.9 100/lt rose 6 lac. Perennial 12 y 36 1 10,000 (Rs 3.54 rose Rose water 350/100 kg water flower)

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Annexure 9: Details of various Aromatic Plants Economics obtained from FFDC (Fragrance and Flavour Development Centre), Kannauj.

Trade Total Input Yield/ha Price Annual/ Economic Gest-ation No of Distillati Estimated name Cultivation Biannual Life period Harvest on input Annual Cost/Ha cost Trade/annum (in Months) (Months) MT) Leaves/ Flower/ha Rose oil/hac Leaves/ Flower/ Rose oil/ lt hac (in c (in Kg ) Water ( in lt) hac (in hac (in Water Kg ) (lt/hac) Kg ) Kg ) (lt/hac)

Japanese 50,000 18-20 180-200 950 Annual 5 2 2 1000 30,000 Mint ton perbatch/t on

German 45,000 2000-3000 3-4 kg Rs. 150- 40,000 Annual 3 1 Multiple 5000/batc 0.1-0.2 Chamomile kg dried 200/kg h/500 kg

Lemon 40,000 20-22 200-210 750 Perennial 4 2 4-5 in a 1000/batc 750-900 Grass ton year h/ton

Damask 85,000 5000-8000 300-500 08-1 kg Rs. 50- Rs 200- 5,00,000 Perennial 25 9 Multiple 500/batch/ 0.1-0.2 Rose 100 500/lit 100 kg flower

Source: Dr. Ramesh Srivastava, Scientist, FFDC, Kannouj, UP, Phone: 08004743355

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Annexure 10 a: Demask Rose Economics obtained from IHBT, Palampur (Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur), Himachal Pradesh.

Damask Rose Yield/hac Price (Rs)

Ol 0.28-0.35% 5.5 lk

Rose Water 2500-3000 lt 300

Flower 2500-3000 Kg 80-100

Note: 26-32 Qt Deamsk rose flower= 1 lt oil Source: Dr. Gopichand, Incharge and Head of Agronomy and Extention Division, IHBT

Annexure 10 b: BCR of some important plant as per the details obtained from CAP, Selaqui, Dehradun

Economic Analysis of Aromatic Tree Species for Agro-forestry

S.No. Botanical name Common Name Part Used BCR

1 Santalum album Chandan Oil 13.9

(Potential)

2 Cinnamomum tamala Tejpat Oil 4.1

(Recommended)

Economic Analysis of Aromatic plants for Cultivation

S.No. Botanical name Common Name Part Used BCR

1 Pelargonium odorantissimum Geranium Oil 3.54

(Potential)

2 Carum carvi Kala Zira Oil (Caraway) 3.66 (Potential)

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Annexure 11: Yield per hectare of MAPs Species

S.No. Trade name Product Price Economic Gestation Yield (Kg/Lt)/Hac Source used Life period B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B15

1 Chemomile Dry Flower 300 0.6 0.6 1000 CAP

2 Japanese mint Oil 650 0.4 0.4 200 CAP

3 Satawari (yallow) Dry Root 250 1.5 1.5 2500 HDRI

4 Sarpagandha Dry Root 250 1.5 1.5 2500 HDRI

5 Kutki Dry Root 600 2.5 2.5 1250 HDRI

6 Tagar Dry Root 200 2.5 2.5 2500 HDRI

7 Atees Dry Root 5000 2.5 2.5 200 HDRI

8 Kuth Dry Root 150 2.5 2.5 4000 HDRI

9 Geranium Oil 12000 3 1 25 25 25 CAP

10 Kala Zira Oil 4500 3 1 25 40 40 CAP

11 Tajpat Oil 1700 30 4 120 CAP

12 Lemon grass Oil 750 5 0.4 125 200 225 200 175 CAP

13 Damaskrose Oil 500,000 10 1 0.34 0.749 1.02 1.19 1.19 CAP

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S.No. Trade name Product Price Economic Gestation Yield (Kg/Lt)/Hac Source used Life period B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B15

13 Damaskrose Rose Water 150 10 1 884 1947.4 2652 3094 3094 CAP

14 Chandan Heart wood 3000 15 15 10800 CAP

Source: Satawari- Mr Viran dra Singh Rana (Farmer), Janapath, Almora, Sarpagandha- HRDI, Kutki- Mr. Mohan Singh (Farmer), Pithoragarh, Munsiyari, Tagar- Dr. VP Bhatt, HRDI, Gopeshwar, Atis- Mr. Mohan Singh (Farmer), pithoragarh, Munsiyari /Mr. Pralad Singh Nitwal (Farmer), Kuth- Mr. Ganga Singh (Farmer), pithoragarh, Munsiyari /Mr. Pralad Singh Nitwal (Farmer) through HRDI. Lemongrass, Damask Rose, Japanese mint, Chemomile, Tajpat, Geranium, Kala Zira, Chandan from CAP, Selaqui, Dehradun. B1= Benefit in the first year like wise….

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Annexure 12: Cost of Cultivation of MAPs Species

S.No. Trade name C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 Source

1 Chemomile 66500 CAP

2 Japanese 61828 CAP mint

3 Satawari 75000 125000 HDRI (yallow)

4 Sarpagandha 190000 35000 HDRI

5 Kutki 135000 25000 50000 HDRI

6 Tagar 135000 25000 40000 HDRI

7 Atees 61250 50000 75000 HDRI

8 Kuth 25000 25000 50000 HDRI

9 Geranium 130673 59584 59584 CAP

10 Kala Zira 51726 35737 39937 CAP

11 Lemon grass 72038 53937 57375 48700 43700 CAP

12 Damaskrose 66735 40970 51988 57888 59416 CAP

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S.No. Trade name C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 Source

13 Tajpat 75706 7706.2 7706 38156 38156 38156 38156 38156 38156 38156 CAP

14 Chandan 128047 52647 59947 54947 53447 45947 46447 46447 45047 45947 36447 31447 31447 21447 1111837 CAP

Source: Satawari- Mr Viran dra Singh Rana (Farmer), Janapath, Almora, Sarpagandha- HRDI, Kutki- Mr. Mohan Singh (Farmer), Pithoragarh, Munsiyari, Tagar- Dr. VP Bhatt, HRDI, Gopeshwar, Atis- Mr. Mohan Singh (Farmer), pithoragarh, Munsiyari /Mr. Pralad Singh Nitwal (Farmer), Kuth- Mr. Ganga Singh (Farmer), pithoragarh, Munsiyari /Mr. Pralad Singh Nitwal (Farmer), through HRDI. Lemongrass, Damask Rose, Japanese mint, Chemomile, Tajpat, Geranium, Kala Zira, Chandan from CAP, Selaqui, Dehradun. C1= Cost incurred in the first year like wise….

Annexure 13 Input cost of MAP Input cost of Aromatic plants for one year Unit (Rs./ha)

S. No. Trade name Sapling Labor Inputs Maintenance Total input cost of (FYM etc) cultivation

1 Chamomile- 1,10,000 plant (Cost of seed 2000 to 3000/kg as 700 gm to 1 kg seed 2000 to 21,000 20,000 5,500 49500 are required for raising the nursery for one hectare) 3000

2 Japanese mint -5-6 qt/hac 10,000 24,000 20,000 7,800 61828

Source: CAP, 2013

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Input cost of Aromatic plants for five years Unit (Rs./ha)

S. No. Species Crop Sapling Labor Inputs Maintenance Total input cost of Cycle (FYM cultivation etc)

1 Lemongrass Year 1 13750 35000 13288 10000 72038

3500-4400 slip/bigha, it means 55000 slips/ha. In UK 1 ha= 12.5 Year 2 38937 - 15000 53937 bigha)

Year 3 38937 3438 15000 57375

Year 4 38700 - 10000 48700

Year 5 38700 - 5000 43700

Total 13750 190274 16726 55000 275750

2 Damask Rose (2500 plants/ha) Year 1 3750 42985 16000 4000 66735

Year 2 750 35820 400 4000 40970

Year 3 0 45988 0 6000 51988

Year 4 0 49888 0 8000 57888

Year 5 59416 0 0 59416

Total 4500 234097 20000 22000 276997

Source: CAP, 2013

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Input cost of Aromatic plants for two years Unit (Rs./ha)

S.No. Species Crop Cycle Sapling Labor Inputs Maintenance Total input cost of cultivation (FYM etc)

1 Satawari (Rs 1/plant & 27500 plants/ha) Year 1 27500 21500 16000 10000 75000

Year 2 0 110000 0 15000 125000

Total 27500 131500 16000 250000 200000

2 Sarpagandha Year 1 1,10,000 50000 20000 10000 190000

(Rs 1/plant & 1,10,000 plants/ha) Year 2 0 35000 0 0 35000

Total 110000 85000 20000 10000 225000

Source: HRDI, 2013

Medicinal Plants - > 2.5 year crop cycle Unit (Rs./ha)

S.No. Species Crop Sapling Labor Inputs Maintenance Total input cost of cultivation Cycle (FYM etc)

1 Kutki Year 1 1,3750 91250 20000 10000 135000 (Rs 1/plant & 1,10,000 plants/ha) Year 2 20000 0 2000 25000

Year 3 50000 0 0 50000

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S.No. Species Crop Sapling Labor Inputs Maintenance Total input cost of cultivation Cycle (FYM etc)

Total 13,750 14,12,50 20,000 12,000 210000

2 Tagar Year 1 1,10,000 5000 2000 135000

(Rs 1/plant & 1,10,000 plants/ha) Year 2 25000 0 0 25000

Year 3 40000 0 0 40000

Total 1,10,000 65000 5000 2000 200000

3 Atees (Rs 1/plant & 1,10,000 plants/ha) Year 1 1,10,000 30,000 20,000 15,000 175000

Year 2 36,000 10,000 10,000 50000

Year 3 65,000 10,000 75000

Total 1,10,000 101,000 30,000 35,000 186250

4 Kuth Year 1 1,3750 11,200 15,000 10,000 50000

(0.50 piece /plant & 1,10,000 plants/ha) Year 2 5,000 25,000 30000

Year 3 65,000 5,000 70000

Total 1,3750 76,200 15,000 40,000 100000

Source: HRDI, 2013

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Annexure 14: Selected MAPs and Subsidy provided by State and Central Government for Cultivation

Govt. Subsidy for selected Medicinal Plants

S.No. Botanical name Common Name State Government NMPB (%) (%)

1 Asparagus racemosus Satawari 50 20

2 Rauvolfia serpentina Sarpagandha 50 50

3 Valeriana jatamansi Tagar 50 50

4 Saussurea costus Kuth 50 75

5 Picrorhiza kurroa Kutki 50 75

6 Aconitum heterophyllum Atees 50 75

Govt. Subsidy for selected Aromatic Plants

S.No. Botanical name Common Name State Government NMPB (%) (%)

1 Cymbopogon citratus Leman grass 50 -

2 Mentha arvensis Japanese Mint 50 -

3 Rosa damascena Damask Rose 50 -

4 Matricaria chamomilla Chamomile 50 -

Govt. Subsidy other Potential Species

S.No. Botanical name Common Name State Government NMPB (%) (%)

1 Terminalia chebula Harad - 20

2 Tinospora cordifolia Giloy - 20

3 Terminalia bellirica Behera - 20

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

S.No. Botanical name Common Name State Government NMPB (%) (%)

4 Oroxylum indicum Sona - -

5 Celastrus paniculatus Mal- kangni - -

6 Stereospermum suaveolens Padal - -

7 Sapindusm mukorossi Ritha - -

9 Moringa oleifera Sahjan - -

10 Cinnamomum tamala Tajpat - 50

11 Myrica esculenta Kaiphal - -

12 Berberis aristata Daru Haldi - 50

13 Embelia tsjeriam-cottam Bi -Vidang -

14 Zanthoxylum armatum Timuru - 50

15 Taxus baccata Talispatra - 50

Rheum - 50

16 Dactylorhiza hatagirea Hatajadi/Damask - 50 Salanpanja

17 Carum carvi Kala jeera 50 --

18 Santalum album Chandan - 75

19 Emblica officinalis Amla 50

Source: HRDI publication and NMPB Publication

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Annexure 15: Consultation meetings with experts

Photo 1 TERI Team visited PCCF office for consultation meeting with Dr. RBS Rawat, PCCF, Uttrakhand

Photo 2 TERI’s Consultation meeting with Dr. Rakesh Shah, Chairman, State Biodiversity Board, Uttrakhand

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Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Photo 3 Consultation meeting with Dr. S.K. Chandola, Managing Director, UFDC, Deharadun and Sh. S.K. Singh, CCF, Haldwani alongwith TERI team

Photo 4 TERI Team visited FRI for consultation meeting with Dr. H.B. Naithani, Scientist and Plant Taxonomist, FRI, Dehradun

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Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Photo 5 TERI Team visited CAP for consultation meeting with Mr. Nirpendra Chauhan, Scientist Incharge, CAP, Selaqui, Dehradun

Photo 6 TERI’s consultation meeting with Dr. A.K. Badoni, Secretary, Society for Himalayan Environmental Research, Dehradun

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Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Photo 7 TERI Team visited WII for consultation meeting with Dr. B.S. Adhikari, Scientist E, Wildlife Institute of India (WII), Dehradun

Photo 8 Review meeting with Mr. S.K. Sharma, CEO, SMPB, Mr. N.S. Chauhan, Mr. M.S. Gusain and Dr. R.C. Uniyal with TERI Team

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Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Photo 9 Dr. Syed Arif Wali, Fellow, TERI given presentation on 19th June 2013 at FRLHT, Bangalore for shortlisting of MAPs with Experts of FRLHT- Dr. D.K. Ved, (Rtd. IFS), Advisor, FRLHT, Dr. R.R. Rao, CSIR Emeritus Scientist, Dr. U.K.Tiwari, Dr. R.C. Uniyal , and Dr. Abdul Kareem, Assistant Director, FRLHT

Photo 10 TERI’s consultation meeting with Dr. S. Farooq, President, Himalaya Drug Company, Dehradun

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Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Photo 11 TERI’s consultation meeting with Dr. S. K. Patra, President & CEO, Patanjali Ayurved Ltd, Haridwar

Photo 12 TERI’s consultation meeting with Mr. Mukul Tripathi, Production Incharge, Patanjali Ayurved Ltd, Haridwar

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Annexure 16: Field Interactions with Traders and Farmers

Photo 13 TERI’s Interaction with Trader at Khari Baoli, New Delhi

Photo 14 TERI team visited at Patanjali Harbal Raw Material Godown with Mr. Pratesh Panwar, Production Manager and Mr. K.K. Mishra, Senior Manager, Patanjali Ayurved Ltd, Haridwar

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Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Photo 15 TERI participated in Stakeholders Meet held on 5th November 2012 on MAPs at Munsyari, Pithoraghar, Uttarakhand

Photo 16 Farmer - Mr. Ganga Singh – Ramani village, Ghaat Block, District Chamoli, Garhwal Region - Kuth, Kutki

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Photo 17 Farmer- Mr Chandan Singh, Rainiwalli village, Ghaat Block, Chamoli District, Garhwal Region - Jammu Faran

Photo 18 Farmer-Geeta Ram Byas, Bhood village , Dehradun District , Kalsi Block, Garhwal Region, Lemon grass and Demask Rose

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Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Photo 19 Farmer: Mr. Kundan Singh, Rainiwalli village, Ghaat Block, Chamoli District, Garhwal Region - Jammu Faran

Photo 20 Farmer: Mr. Jeet Singh Negi- Bhadogi village, Kalsi Block, District Dehradun, Garhwal Region- Lemon grass

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Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Photo 21 Farmer: Mr. Lal Singh, Ramani village, Block Ghaat, Chamoli District, Garhwal Region- Kuth and Kutki

Photo 22 Farmer: Ms. Veena Devi, Sour village, Uttrakashi, Garhwal Region Cleaning of Kala Zira

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Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Photo 23 Farmer – Mr. Pradeep Singh, Sour village, Uttrakashi District, Garhwal Region- Kuth, Kutki, Atees, Meetha Vish, Pushkermool

Photo 24 Farmer: Mr. Mathura Prashad, Phali village, Ghaat Block, Chamoli Distict, Garhwal Region –Tejpat and plantation nursery

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Photo 25 Farmer’s Field: Mr. Shri Surat Singh, Jadi Village, Chakrata Block, District Dehradun, Garhwal region- Damask Rose Farmer

Photo 26 Farmer: Mr. Ranveer Singh Rawat, Village Kotlanahan, Sahespur Block, Dehradun Distict- Lemon Grass

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Annexure 17: Farms Fields of selected medicinal and aromatic Plant Species

Photo 27 Kutki - Photo credit Dr. V.P. Bhatt; Uses: Digestive, jaundice, stomach ache, constipation, burning sensation, skin diseases, cough, asthma, fever

Photo 28 Kuth- photo credit- Shri S. K. Singh; Uses: Chronic and foul ulcers, leprosy, leucoderma, cough, digestive complaints

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Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Photo 29 Atees- Photo credit Dr. V.P. Bhatt; Uses: Fever, jaundice, liver tonic, diarrhea, dysentery, stomach disorders

Photo 30 Sarpagandha- photo credit- Shri S. K. Singh; Uses: Hypertention, fever, woulds and colic, insomnia, epilepsy, giddiness

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Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Photo 31 Tagar- photo credit- Shri S. K. Singh; Uses: Epilepsy, hysteria, hypochondriasis, nervous unrest, and skin diseases.

Photo 32 Satawari - photo credit- Shri S. K. Singh; Uses: Treatment of gastric ulcers, dyspepsia, as a galactogogue and nervous disorders

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Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Photo 33 Demask Rose: copyright: "Centre for Aromatic Plants, Selaqui, Dehradun; Uses: High grade perfumery, cosmetics, food and pharmaceutical industries, aroma therapy.

Photo 34 Japanees Mint- photo credit- Shri S. K. Singh; Uses: Confectionary, cosmetics, cough & cold, food industries

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Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Photo 35 Camomile - photo credit- Shri S. K. Singh ; Uses: High grade perfumery, herbal tea, cosmetics and aroma therapy

Photo 36 Lamon Grass - photo credit- Shri S. K. Singh; Uses: Herbal tea, perfume, cosmetics, soap, vitamin A, aroma therapy.

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Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes for the State of

Urrrakhand

This study is the part of “Mainstreaming Conservation and Sustainable Use of Medicinal Plants in Three Indian States” of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of India supported by the Global Environment Facility (GEF). The project is being implemented in

Arunachal Pradesh, Chattisgarh and Uttrakhand by the State Medicinal Plants Boards (SMPB) along with the State Forest Departments and State Biodiversity Boards. Foundation for Revitalization of local Heath Tradition, (FRLHT), Bangalore, provides technical facilitation to the

project.

The project aims to mainstream long-term conservation, sustainable and equitable use of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant (MAP) diversity into

forest management policy and practice at the national, state and local level.

TERI has been awarded the component, “Identification of MAPs suitable for cultivation and inclusion in afforestation and income generating programmes for the state of Uttarakhand.” Current policy goals in India‟s natural resource sector focus on balancing

conservation with local livelihood needs. The Forestry and Biodiversity Group at TERI attempts to support these goals through a mix of

research, training, and dissemination activities targated at policy- makers, implementers, and local communities.

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