Just to clarify, you do *not* do References Cited Bibliography pages for the Essay assignments.

However, you *do* need to do in-text citations. That means giving the author and year (and page number *only* when A) citing the textbook or B) giving a direct quotation). If you give a direct quotation, it would look like this:

A world view, as defined by Geertz, is "blah blah blah) (1976:6). (I made up the page number in this case and did not put Geertz in the in-text citation because I already gave his name in the sentence. You could do the same sentence by saying: "A world view is "blah blah blah" (Geertz 1976:6).

If you paraphrase (put in your own words), it is usually fine to just put author and year (Ex., Geertz 1976) at the beginning or end of the section where you use information from that source. So, for example, you could have a paragraph like this:

Geertz (1976) says blah blah blah (no direct quotations, all in your own words). Furthermore, he explains ethos refers to blah blah blah. Bohannan's (1966) story of trying to tell the Tiv the story of Hamlet highlights how different world views can be. She encounters blah blah blah.

The point is that I as the reader should always be able to tell where you got your information. But remember, if you cite the textbook in an Essay assignment, you must give the page number regardless of quotation or paraphrasing just so I know exactly where you got that information in such a large source.

In-text citation for ALL assignments (Research Paper sections and Essays) follow Current Anthropology citation style. You can find many examples of how to do this in the Syllabus Appendix, in the examples of Research Paper sections in the Research Paper folder on the Learning Web (you should look at those anyway to help when writing your own Research Paper sections!), and in the examples given in the Research Paper Citations Word document in the Research Paper folder on the Learning Web. If you have further questions about in-text citations (or References Cited format for the Research Paper sections), you can *first* look at the Citation Style Guide (the official Current Anthropology style guide) in the Research Paper folder on the Learning Web; if you cannot find what you need there or in the other examples, feel free to ask me.

Example with published articles and books:

Several scholars have addressed the dilemma proposed by Anthony Giddens (1990, 1991) by investigating ways in which working and middle-class white Americans are attempting to revalorize and re-mark their white identities in response to globalization; a process often involving the appropriation of elements of Others’ identities and traditions. Phillip Deloria (1998) observes that white Americans who find their own, unmarked racial or European ethnic identities devalued or uninteresting have historically run relatively low risks in choosing to construct alternative identities, and are therefore free to adopt a strategy of “playing Indian” by appropriating elements of Others’ ethnic identities. Joanne Bosse (2008) and Donnalee Dox (2006) similarly describe how white middle-class Americans who perceive their own ethnic identities and practices as inauthentic or uninteresting selectively appropriate and incorporate Latin or Middle Eastern elements into their refashioned ethnic identities, while Aaron Fox (2004) demonstrates ways in which such Americans may reconfigure new folk artistic meanings and expressions of whiteness. Additionally, Mary Waters (1990:152) asserts such Americans are more drawn to appropriating “living” (non-white) ethnicities, rather than “diluted” or “antiquated” ones when seeking to modify their ethnic identities.

References Cited

Bosse, Joanna. 2008. "Salsa Dance and the Transformation of Style: An Ethnographic Study of Movement and Meaning in a Cross-Cultural Context." Dance Research Journal 40(1):45-64.

Deloria, Philip. 1998. Playing Indian. New Haven, CT: Yale University.

Dox, Donnalee. 2006. Dancing Around Orientalism. TDR: The Drama Review 50(4):52-71.

Fox, Aaron A. 2004. Real Country: Music and Language in Working-Class Culture. Durham, NC: Duke University.

Giddens, Anthony. 1990. The Consequences of Modernity. Stanford, CA: Stanford University.

—. 1991. Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age. Cambridge: Polity.

Waters, Mary C. 1990. Ethnic Options: Choosing Identities in America. Berkeley: University of California.

Example with web sources:

The Awen symbol is often shown as three radiating lines with a dot or acorn on top of each ray within one or three circles. It is the primary emblem of OBOD Druidism, appearing on the website’s banner (Druidry.org). It is also sold as jewelry, such as pendants (Bonewits and Bonewits 2009), and may be included in a Grove or congregation’s name, such as the Awen Grove (Solaren 2009). Philip Carr-Gomm defines the term Awen as the Welsh word for “inspiration,” which he interprets as “the gift or blessing of the gods generally, or the goddess Cerridwen, Patroness of the Bards, specifically” (2002:175). Drawing from Welsh mythology and the writings of the mason and Welsh fraudster, Iolo Morganwg’s, about the symbol, OBOD Druidess Katinka Broc’h says the symbol originates in Welsh folklore, relates to the “secret name of God,” and refers to “inspiration and soul as well” (Bro’ch 2010; see also Serenwen 2010).

References Cited

Note that I cite Druidry.org but don’t include it here because it is a banner throughout the website.

Bonewits, Isaac and Phaedra Bonewits. 2009. Our Blatant Hucksterism Page. http://www.neopagan.net/Money.html#Jewelry-Ad. (Here the date of the webpage’s last update was given, thus I use that and not the date of access.)

Broc’h, Katinka. 2010. The Awen. http://www.druidry.org/obod/druid-path/awen.html (accessed November 12, 2010). (Here the date of the webpage post was not given, thus I use the date of access.)

Carr-Gomm, Philip. 2002. Druid Mysteries: Ancient Wisdom for the 21st Century. London: Rider.

Serenwen. 2010. Coelbren Ar Beirdd. http://www.druidry.org/obod/lore/coelbren/coelbren.html (accessed October 25, 2010). (Here the date of the webpage was not given, thus I use the date of access.)

Solaren. 2009. A Pilgrimage Complete, Solstice and the Druid Gathering. http://druidshearth.wordpress.com/2009/07/03/a-pilgrimage/. (Here the date of the blog post was given, thus I use that and not the date of access.)