Mineral Composition of Edible Momordica Cymbalaria Fenzl Maruti D

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Mineral Composition of Edible Momordica Cymbalaria Fenzl Maruti D Vol 11, Issue 4 , April/ 2020 ISSN NO: 0377-9254 MINERAL COMPOSITION OF EDIBLE MOMORDICA CYMBALARIA FENZL MARUTI D. SATPUTE1, NAVNATH M. PISE2* AND DATTATRAY K. GAIKWAD3 1Associate Professor, Botany Department, K.B.P. Mahavidyalaya Pandharpur, Maharashtra, India - 403 304 2 Assistant Professor, Botany Department, Veer Wajekar ASC College, Phunde, Navi Mumbai, India – 400 007 3 Professor, Botany Department, Shivaji University Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India - 416 004. Abstract - The fruit extract of tuber, stem, contain higher level of Calcium and Iron, content of leaves, fruits and seeds of Momordica this species is two times higher than that of M. cymbalaria Fenzl were analyzed for mineral charantia. Its versatile utility as a nutritious composition by inductively coupled plasma vegetable, folk medicine and functional food atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The ingredient prompted us to undertake the study on this mineral concentrations were ranges, as N, 0.72- multipurpose plant. 3.64; P, 0.18-0.31; K, 3.7-5.0, Ca, 5.65-50.0; Mg, The feasible alternative is to explore additional 2.35-4.76; Na, 1-12.5 and S, 13.45-20.96 sources of food and minimize the load on production (gm/100gm dry weight), Fe, 2.14-4.32; Zn, 1.2- of conventional food plants. The plant is disease 4.03; Mn, 2.99-6.0; Cu, Mo, 13-85.87 and B, 5.6- resistant and its fruits have medicinal value. The plant 19.8 (ppm dry weight). Mineral composition of is used as hypoglycemic, antidiabetic and hypo- M. cymbalaria was found relatively higher as lipidemic (Rao et al., 2001). Its crude fiber decreases compared to the other vegetables, and it is in the absorption of cholesterol form the gut. It delays concurrence with the recent macrobiotic the digestion and conversion of starch in to sugars. recommendation for western countries. Hence Such attribute would be desirable for diabetic patients Bioprospecting of this wild vegetable as food (Gopalan et al., 1993).The present study will helps supplement improves the nutritive value of the to improve knowledge regarding their nutraceutical human diet. properties. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Keywords - Minerals, Momordica cymbalaria 2.1. SAMPLE COLLECTION and Nutrition All the samples have been collected from different places along western Maharashtra particularly 1. INTRODUCTION Solapur district India. The collection was made Momordica cymbalaria Fenzl. belongs to family after rainy season from above mentioned locations Cucurbitaceae and locally known as Kadvanchi in October 2015. (Marathi). It is perennial climber prominent only 2.2. Mineral analysis - (Inductively Coupled during the Monsoon season and originating in Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, ICP-AES) tropical regions of South East Asia and South Indian Samples were brought to the laboratory and states i.e. Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka washed thoroughly with tap water to remove besides Madhyapradesh and Maharashtra. The plant attached epiphytes and adhered dirt particles if any is climbing annual or perennial herb with slender, and dried in the shade. The material was kept in scandent, branched, striate stem and tuberous root. the oven at 110°C for 12 h, pulverized in the The fruits are used as vegetables and pickles by local grinder and sieved through a screen with an inhabitants and are sold in market as wild fruit aperture of 0.5 mm. This powdered material was vegetable during August to November months. It has kept in airtight plastic bottles at room temperature been used in various Asian traditional medicine until analysis. Samples were subjected to acid systems for a long time. The plant is traditionally digestion and analyzed according to the procedure used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and as an described by Farias, et al (2002). Mineralogical antiovulatory agent (Jeyadevi et al., 2012). According analysis was carried out using inductively coupled to Gopalan et al. (1993) the fruits of M. cymbalaria www. jespublication.com Page No:943 Vol 11, Issue 4 , April/ 2020 ISSN NO: 0377-9254 plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES, Zn 4.03± 2.5±0. 3.08± 2.24± 1.2±0 Perkin–Elmer, Optima 2000). All determinations (pp 0.72 03 0.01 0.21 were performed in triplicate and data represented m)Mn 6±1.0 3.74± 4.62± 3.37± 2.99±0 on dry weight basis as mean values} standard (pp 2 0.04 0.03 0.32 .06 m)Hg ND ND ND 4.54± 4.97±0 deviation. (pp 1.01 .01 m)Cu 2.35± 1.41± 1.74± 1.27± 1.13±0 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (pp 1.05 0 0 0 As ND 5.31± 6.95± ND ND Among the analyzed minerals K, 3.7-5.0, Ca, 5.65- m) (pp 0.07 0.08 50.0; Mg, 2.35-4.76 were found to be highest m)Ni ND 1.9±0 2.3±0. 1.1± ND content than the other elements while heavy metals (pp 01 were lower in levels (Table 1). In the tuber sample m)Cd ND 1.14± 1.26± ND ND showed highest sulphur content (15.26 gm/100 g d (pp 0 0.1 Mo 22.54 13±1. 19.41 13.26 85.87± wt), with least concentration of Pb (0.08 mg/100 g m) (pp ±2.01 04 ±0.4 ±1.0 0.52 d wt). The vegetative parts of M. cymbalaria m)B 7.08± 5.6±0. 10.51 13.74 19.8±0 exhibits good source of macro elements i.e. (pp 0.04 9 ±0.06 ±0.91 .04 sulphur, calcium, magnesium, potassium and m)Tot 65.07 56.89 68.98 68.93 140.49 al ±1.1 ±0.88 ±.0.48 ±0.89 ±0.78 sodium. Similar results were reported in ND* below the detection limit. Chlorophytum comosum root tubers, Portulaca Mean values of triplicate determination oleracia and Eulophia ochreata (Aberoumand, ±standard deviation. 2011). M. cymbalaria fruit with seeds also showed good source of macroelements (Ca, S, Mg, Na, K) The value of calcium and phosphorous M. and micro elements (Mo, Mn, Fe, Zn), overall Cymbalarias varied from 5.65 % (seeds) to 50 % approximately similar observations were reported (leaves) for calcium and from 0.16 % (leaves) to in Momordica dioicia fruit (Aberoumand, 2011). 0.31 % (seeds) for phosphorous. Calcium and The values of sodium in the plants varies from 1 phosphorous are associated with each other for (tuber) to 12.25% (leaves) while that of potassium growth and maintenance of bones, teeth and varies from 1.2 (leaves) to 5% (tuber). The ratio of muscles (Okaka et al., 2006). The calcium level in sodium to potassium is less than 1; therefore the leaves studied compared favourably with the consumption of the plants would reduce high blood values reported in some green leafy vegetables pressure disease because Na:K is less than one as consumed in Nigeria and some wild edible leaves recommended by FND (2002). grown in Eastern Amatolia, Turkey (Ladan et al., Table 1. Macro, micro and trace elements of 1996).The phosphorous content was higher than M.cymbalaria determined by ICP-AES that of Ipomeae batatas reported by Antia et al., Min Tube Stem Leave Fruit Seed (2006).Therefore, M. Cymbalaria is a good sources eral r s Na 1±0.0 1.25± 12.5± 8.5±0. 7.5±0. of calcium and phosphorous which aids intestinal (%) 2 0.75 1.25 75 08 absorption because the ratio of Ca: P close to unity K 5±0.0 3.70± 1.2±0. 5±0.3 4.07±0 (Gull-Guerrero et al., 1998). Magnesium content (%) 6 0.05 41 1 .22 varies from 2.35% (seeds) to 4.76% (tuber). These Ca 10.2± 28.85 50±0. 26.85 5.65±0 values are higher than the O.gratissimum, M. (%) 0.01 ±0.64 75 ±1.05 .46 Mg 4.76± 2.93± 3.63± 2.64± 2.35±0 scandens, L. guineensis, M. Scandens and Xylopia (%) 0.05 1.02 1.05 0.41 .06 aethiopia (Fagbohun et al., 2011 and Abolaji et al., Tot 20.96 36.73 67.33 42.99 19.57± 2007). Magnesium is a composition of chlorophyll al ±2.01 ±3.04 ±3.05 ±1.95 1.02 and it is an important content in connection with N 0.72± 0.84± 1.8±0. 0.72± 3.64±0 (%) Ischemic heart disease and calcium metabolism in (%) 0.04 0.01 05 0 .01 P 0.27± 0.18± 0.16± 0.23± 0.31±0 bones (Ishida et al., 2000). (%) 0.02 0.05 0.04 0 Zinc content was reported from 2.1 PPM (seeds) to S 15.26 16±0. 13.45 20.96 14.86± 4.3 PPM (tuber). These are low when compared to (%) ±0.41 43 ±0.77 ±0.09 0.07 Pb 0.8±0. 2.6±0 ND 3.1±0. 2.38±0 the minerals reported by (Fagbohun et al., 2011 (pp 06 12 .01 and Elegbede, 1998). Zinc is involved in normal ND 0.4±0 1.2±0 m)Cr 1.7±0. 2±0.0 functioning of immune system (Ibrahim et al., (pp 01 7 2001) and is associated with protein metabolism. Fe 4.32± 2.67± 3.3±0. 2.4±0. 2.14±0 m) Iron values varies from 2.14 (seeds) to 4.32 (pp 0.81 0 02 04 .05 m) www. jespublication.com Page No:944 Vol 11, Issue 4 , April/ 2020 ISSN NO: 0377-9254 (tuber). These values are lower when compared to ACKNOWLEDGEMENT S the values of other green leafy vegetables as Authors are thankful to Dr.
Recommended publications
  • In Vitro Shoot Regeneration of Momordica Balsamina, an Important Medicinal and Nutritional Plant
    African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 10(70), pp. 15808-15812, 9 November, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB DOI: 10.5897/AJB10.2075 ISSN 1684–5315 © 2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper High frequency in vitro shoot regeneration of Momordica balsamina, an important medicinal and nutritional plant Gulab Singh Thakur1,4*, Rohit Sharma1, Bhagwan S. Sanodiya1,4, Mukeshwar Pandey3, Rakesh Baghel2, Astha Gupta1, GBKS Prasad4 and P. S. Bisen1,2,4 1Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, R&D Division, Tropilite Foods Pvt. Ltd., Davar Campus, Tansen Road, Gwalior-474002 (M.P.), India. 2Defense Research and Development Establishment (DRDE), Ministry of Defence, Govt. of India, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India. 3Xcelris Genomics Ltd., Old Premchand Nagar Road, Satyagrah Chhavani, Satellite, Ahmedabad 380054, India. 4School of Studies in Biotechnology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior (M.P.), India. Accepted 18 March, 2011 A protocol was developed for in vitro propagation by multiple shoot induction of Momordica balsamina (Cucurbitaceae), a climber with high medicinal and nutritional values. High frequencies of multiple shoot regeneration were achieved from auxillary bud of nodal explants. The bud explants were cultured on MS media supplemented with 1.0 mg/L benzyl amino purine (BAP) which stimulated proliferation of the bud meristems to form bud clusters having 6 to 8 co-efficient. The elongated shoots were sub- cultured for rooting on ½ MS media supplemented with 0.3 mg/L NAA and 0.2% activated charcoal. The plantlets raised in vitro were acclimatized in green house and successfully transplanted to natural condition with 70% survival. Direct organogenesis of explants and regeneration of M.
    [Show full text]
  • In Vivo Hypoglycemic Effect of Methanolic Fruit Extract of Momordica Charantia L
    In vivo hypoglycemic effect of methanolic fruit extract of Momordica charantia L Nkambo W1, *Anyama NG, Onegi B Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda Abstract Background: Momordica charantia L. is a medicinal plant commonly used in the management of diabetes mellitus. Objectives: We investigated the blood glucose lowering effect of the methanolic fruit extract of the Ugandan variety of M. charantia L. in alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. Methods: 500g of M. charantia powder were macerated in methanol and the extract administered to two groups of alloxan- induced diabetic rats. The first group received 125mg/kg, the second 375mg/kg and a third group 7mg/ kg of metformin. A fourth group received 1ml normal saline. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were measured at 0.5,1,2,3,5,8 and 12 hours and compared using one-way ANOVA. Results: There was an initial rise in FBG for 1 hour after administration of extracts followed by steep reductions. Significant reduction in FBG occurred at 2 hours for 125mg/kg of extract (-3.2%, 313±25.9 to 303±25.0mg/dL, p = 0.049), 375mg/ kg of extract (-3.9%, 356±19.7 to 342±20.3mg/dL, p = 0.001), and metformin (-2.6%, 344±21.7 to 335±21.1mg/dL, p = 0.003) when compared to normal saline. The maximum percentage reduction in FBG by both extracts occurred between 3 and 12 hours post dose. Conclusions: The methanolic fruit extract of M. charantia exhibits dose dependent hypoglycaemic activity in vivo.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review on Biological Attributes of Momordica Charantia
    Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering 2021; 9(1): 8-12 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/abb doi: 10.11648/j.abb.20210901.12 ISSN: 2330-4154 (Print); ISSN: 2330-4162 (Online) Review Article A Review on Biological Attributes of Momordica charantia Zermina Khalid 1, Syeda Mona Hassan 1, Shahzad Sharif Mughal 1, *, Syed Khurram Hassan 2, Huma Hassan 3 1Department of Chemistry, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan 2Institute of Quality and Technology Management, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan 3Department of Chemical Engineering, NFC Institute of Engineering and Fertilizer Research, Faisalabad, Pakistan Email address: *Corresponding author To cite this article: Zermina Khalid, Syeda Mona Hassan, Shahzad Sharif Mughal, Syed Khurram Hassan, Huma Hassan. A Review on Biological Attributes of Momordica charantia . Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering. Vol. 9, No. 1, 2021, pp. 8-12. doi: 10.11648/j.abb.20210901.12 Received : June 22, 2020; Accepted : November 2, 2020; Published : March 26, 2021 Abstract: Momordica charantia is an herbal climber grown in tropical and subtropical regions, belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family. M. charantia can be used as remedyagainst various diseases from ancient time. It has been used in various Asian traditional medicines for the treatment of cholera, bronchitis, anemia, blood diseases, ulcer, diarrhea, dysentery, gonorrhea rheumatism, gout, worms, colic, disease of liver and spleen, cancer and diabetes etc. The main constituents of M. charantia are triterpene, protein, steroid, alkaloid, inorganic, lipid, and phenolic compounds, which are responsible for biological and pharmacological activities including anti-diabetic, anti-cancerous and anti-tumorous, anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-helmintic, antimalarial, anti-ulcerative and immunomodulatory.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Significance of Spermoderm Pattern in Cucurbitaceae M. Ajmal
    Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 20(1): 61-65, 2013 (June) © 2013 Bangladesh Association of Plant Taxonomists TAXONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF SPERMODERM PATTERN IN CUCURBITACEAE 1 2 3 M. AJMAL ALI , FAHAD M.A. AL-HEMAID, ARUN K. PANDEY AND JOONGKU LEE Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia. Keywords: Cucurbitaceae; SEM; Spermoderm; Testa. Abstract Studies on spermoderm using scanning electron microscope (SEM) were undertaken in 12 taxa under 11 genera of the family Cucurbitaceae sampled from India, China and Korea. The spermoderm pattern in the studied taxa varies from rugulate, reticulate to colliculate type. The spermoderm shows rugulate type in Benincasa hispida and Sicyos angulatus; reticulate type in Citrullus colocynthis, Cucumis melo var. agrestis, Diplocyclos palmatus, Hemsleya longivillosa, Luffa echinata, Momordica charantia, M. cymbalaria, Schizopepon bryoniifolius, and Trichosanthes cucumerina; and colliculate type in Gynostemma laxiflorum. The present study clearly reveals that the testa features greatly varies across the genera which can be used as micromorphological markers for identification as well as character states for deducing relationship of the taxa within the family. Introduction Spermoderm refers to the pattern present on the seed coat of mature seeds. Seed characteristic, particularly exomorphic features as revealed by scanning electron microscopy, have been used by many workers in resolving taxonomic problems (Koul et al., 2000; Pandey and Ali, 2006) and evolutionary relationships (Kumar et al., 1999; Segarra and Mateu, 2001). Cucurbitaceae, with c. 800 species under 130 genera (Schaefer and Renner, 2011) are among the economically most important plant families (Kirtikar and Basu, 1975; Chakravarty, 1982; Ali and Pandey, 2006).
    [Show full text]
  • An Update Review on the Anthelmintic Activity of Bitter Gourd, Momordica Charantia Sutthaya Poolperm, Wannee Jiraungkoorskul1
    Pharmacogn. Rev. REVIEW ARTICLE A multifaceted peer reviewed journal in the field of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products www.phcogrev.com | www.phcog.net An Update Review on the Anthelmintic Activity of Bitter Gourd, Momordica charantia Sutthaya Poolperm, Wannee Jiraungkoorskul1 Mahidol University International College, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, 1Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand ABSTRACT Momordica charantia (Family: Cucurbitales), as known as bitter melon or gourd, is a daily consumption as food and traditional medicinal plant in Southeast Asia and Indo‑China. It has been shown to possess anticancer, antidepressant, antidiabetic, anti‑inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiobesity, antioxidant, and antiulcer properties. Its common phytochemical components include alkaloids, charantin, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolics, tannins, and terpenoids. This plant is rich in various saponins including momordicin, momordin, momordicoside, karavilagenin, karaviloside, and kuguacin, all of which have been reported to contribute to its remedial properties including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic infections. Based on established literature on the anthelmintic activity of M. charantia and possible mode of action, this review article has attempted to compile M. charantia could be further explored for the development of potential anthelmintic drug. Key words: Helminth, infection, Momordica charantia, plant, traditional medicine, worm ANTHELMINTIC PLANTS genus Momordica
    [Show full text]
  • GC-MS ANALYSIS of CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS in the METHANOLIC TUBER EXTRACT of MOMORDICA CYMBALARIA Hook
    Manikandan G et al. Int. Res. J. Pharm. 2019, 10 (1) INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY www.irjponline.com ISSN 2230 – 8407 Research Article GC-MS ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS IN THE METHANOLIC TUBER EXTRACT OF MOMORDICA CYMBALARIA Hook. F. Manikandan G, Pandiselvi P, Sobana N., Murugan M * Department of Botany, Sri KaliswariCollege, Sivakasi, Virudhunagar Dist, Tamil Nadu, India *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Article Received on: 24/10/18 Approved for publication: 04/01/19 DOI: 10.7897/2230-8407.100122 ABSTRACT The plant Momordica cymbalaria belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae. The Momordica genus found in the Indian states of Andhra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. The plant is traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, reumatism, ulcer, skin disease and diarrhea. It is used in the local folk medicine as an abortifacient and for the treatments of diabetes mellitus. In the present study, the powdered tuber of M. cymbalaria was successively extracted with Methanol through soxhlet apparatus. The GC-MS analysis has shown the presence of different chemical constituents in the methanolic tuber extract of M. cymbalaria. A total of 23 chemical constituents were identified in the methanolic tuber extract of M. cymbalaria. At (16.98) retention time 2,4,6-Cycloheptatrien-1-one, 3,5-bis-trimeth, Tetrasiloxane, decamethyl, and Methyltris (trimethylsiloxy) silane compound were found to be high (11.17%) and the lowest percentage (1.88%) was found to be Trimethyl (4-tert-butylphenoxy) silane, Silicic acid, diethyl bis (trimethylsilyl) ester and Cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl. The present study enhances the traditional usage of tuber of M.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogenetic Study of Luffa Tuberosa Roxb. (Cucurbitaceae)
    International Journal of Bioinformatics Research, ISSN: 0975–3087, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2010, pp-42-60 Molecular phylogenetic study of Luffa tuberosa Roxb. (Cucurbitaceae) based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA and its systematic implication Ajmal Ali M.1*, Karuppusamy S.2 and Fahad M. Al-Hemaid1 *1Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia, [email protected] 2Department of Botany, The Madura College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract- The phylogenetic position of long been debatable species Luffa tuberosa was inferred in the present study using ITS sequence of nuclear ribosomal DNA data. The study sampled a total number of 16 accessions which include five accessions of Luffa (under four species i.e. Luffa acutangula, L. cylindrica, L. aegyptiaca and L. tuberosa), nine accessions of Momordica (under eight species i.e. M. angustisepala, M. balsamina, M. cabraei, M. charantia, M. charantia subsp. macroloba, M. cissoides, M. cochinchinensis, M. dioica and M. foetida) and two accessions of Trichosanthes under two species (i.e. T. lepiniana and T. tricuspidata). The sequence data analysis clearly reveals nesting of Luffa tuberosa within the clade of Momordica, thus, we herein support the inclusion of Luffa tuberosa into the genus Momordica as M. tuberosa (Roxb.) Cogn. Key Words: Luffa tuberosa, Momordica, Cucurbitaceae, ITS, nuclear ribosomal DNA INTRODUCTION tendril-bearing vine grows up to 5 meter. It bears The genus Luffa Miller, belongs to Tribe Luffeae, simple, alternate leaves, 4-12 cm across, with 3-7 Subfamily Cucurbitioideae, Family Cucurbitaceae deeply separated lobes [1]. are distributed mainly in tropical regions of the The taxonomic position of Luffa aroused much world [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Antimicrobial Properties of Momordica Cymbalaria Hook. F
    Pharmacologyonline 3: 505-510 (2007) Swamy and Jayaveera Antimicrobial Properties of Momordica cymbalaria Hook. F * Vrushabendra Swamy BM, Jayaveera KN1 *Department of Pharmacology, Rural College of Pharmacy, D.S Road, Devanahalli, Bangalore, Karnataka, India 562 110. 1Department of Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University College of Engineering, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India 515 001. Summary Antimicrobial activity of the fruits of Momordica Cymbalaria Hook. F (Momordica tuberosa), were tested against different bacteria (including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Shigella sonnei, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungi (such as Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) by cup plate diffusion method. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of each active extract were determined. The results obtained showed strong activity of the methanolic extract of the fruits of plant against the bacteria and fungi used as test organisms. Keywords: Momordica Cymbalaria, Antimicrobial activity. MIC *Corresponding Author Vrushabendra Swamy B.M Department of Pharmacology, Rural College of Pharmacy, D.S Road, Devanahalli, Bangalore, Karnataka, India 562 110. Email: [email protected], [email protected] Mobile: 00 91 9959661915 505 Pharmacologyonline 3: 505-510 (2007) Swamy and Jayaveera Introduction Infectious diseases represent a critical problem to health and they are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. During the past several years, there has been an increasing incidence of bacterial and fungal infections due to a growth in immunocompramised population such as organ transplant recipients, cancer and HIV/AIDS patients. The changing pattern of clinical evaluation and regulatory requirements for merits and demerits of drugs will be highlighted for future challenges and advances in antimicrobial drug development.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships in the Order Cucurbitales and a New Classification of the Gourd Family (Cucurbitaceae)
    Schaefer & Renner • Phylogenetic relationships in Cucurbitales TAXON 60 (1) • February 2011: 122–138 TAXONOMY Phylogenetic relationships in the order Cucurbitales and a new classification of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae) Hanno Schaefer1 & Susanne S. Renner2 1 Harvard University, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, U.S.A. 2 University of Munich (LMU), Systematic Botany and Mycology, Menzinger Str. 67, 80638 Munich, Germany Author for correspondence: Hanno Schaefer, [email protected] Abstract We analysed phylogenetic relationships in the order Cucurbitales using 14 DNA regions from the three plant genomes: the mitochondrial nad1 b/c intron and matR gene, the nuclear ribosomal 18S, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, and 28S genes, and the plastid rbcL, matK, ndhF, atpB, trnL, trnL-trnF, rpl20-rps12, trnS-trnG and trnH-psbA genes, spacers, and introns. The dataset includes 664 ingroup species, representating all but two genera and over 25% of the ca. 2600 species in the order. Maximum likelihood analyses yielded mostly congruent topologies for the datasets from the three genomes. Relationships among the eight families of Cucurbitales were: (Apodanthaceae, Anisophylleaceae, (Cucurbitaceae, ((Coriariaceae, Corynocarpaceae), (Tetramelaceae, (Datiscaceae, Begoniaceae))))). Based on these molecular data and morphological data from the literature, we recircumscribe tribes and genera within Cucurbitaceae and present a more natural classification for this family. Our new system comprises 95 genera in 15 tribes, five of them new: Actinostemmateae, Indofevilleeae, Thladiantheae, Momordiceae, and Siraitieae. Formal naming requires 44 new combinations and two new names in Cucurbitaceae. Keywords Cucurbitoideae; Fevilleoideae; nomenclature; nuclear ribosomal ITS; systematics; tribal classification Supplementary Material Figures S1–S5 are available in the free Electronic Supplement to the online version of this article (http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax).
    [Show full text]
  • Momordica Charantia: a Natural Medicinal Plant
    GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020, 12(02), 129-135 Available online at GSC Online Press Directory GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences e-ISSN: 2581-3250, CODEN (USA): GBPSC2 Journal homepage: https://www.gsconlinepress.com/journals/gscbps (REVIEW ARTICLE) Momordica charantia: A natural medicinal plant Satya Vani Chekka * and Naresh Kumar Mantipelly Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University-Kakinada (JNTUK), India. Publication history: Received on 03 August 2020; revised on 11 August 2020; accepted on 13 August 2020 Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2020.12.2.0251 Abstract Natural products play an important role in the treatment of several diseases inflicted on mankind and in drug discovery procedures. Drugs synthesized from naturally available products are usually safe, cheap in cost, easily available and more effective than pure synthetic drugs in the treatment of several diseases. Bitter melon containing numerous bioactive compounds like saponins, alkaloids, polypeptides, minerals, vitamins, with the ability to fight against several disorders, i.e. diabetes mellitus, abdominal pain, tumor proliferation, cancer, kidney (stone), scabies and fever. The key constituent of BM called charantin, which is steroidal saponins, act like peptides and certain alkaloids that control sugar levels in blood. The medicinal properties of M.charantia are beneficial in regulating blood cholesterol to minimise cardiovascular disorders like atherosclerosis. There are several classes of secondary metabolites, such as tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids in the fresh and dried leaves extracts of Bitter melon with antimicrobial activity. This phytochemical composition of both the leaves reported antimicrobial activity against different bacteria, like Salmonella, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus and Streptococcus.
    [Show full text]
  • Revisiting the Status of Cultivated Plant Species Agrobiodiversity in India: an Overview ANURUDH K SINGH* 2924, Sector-23, Gurgaon, Haryana, India 122 017
    Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad 83 No. 1 March 2017 pp. 151-174 Printed in India. DOI: 10.16943/ptinsa/2016/v82/48406 Review Article Revisiting the Status of Cultivated Plant Species Agrobiodiversity in India: An Overview ANURUDH K SINGH* 2924, Sector-23, Gurgaon, Haryana, India 122 017 (Received on 14 March 2016; Revised on 20 May 2016; Accepted on 16 June 2016) A revisit to the literature on cultivated plant species agrobiodiversity in India revealed that the floristic diversity is represented by 17,926 species of angiosperm, while Indian agriculture cultivates 811 plant species and harbours more than 900 wild relatives of the cultivated plant species distributed over 10 (+ 1) biogeographic regions of the the country, significantly higher than commonly cited in the literature. Further, it revealed the role of Indian communities in domestication to cultivation of around 215 economically important plant species, and adaption of around 600 exotic crop species. Based on new evidence, several species require inclusion and others deletion, and many need further investigations to resolve the issue on country of their origin. Cultivation of crop species in diverse natural and man-made agroecological systems for centuries has generated a huge amount of genetic diversity in a large number of crop species, maintained by the farmers in the form of landraces or farmer’s varieties, and conserved as collections/accessions in the national agricultural research system. Keywords: Agrobiodiversity; Domestication; Cultivation; Genetic Diversity; Wild Relatives
    [Show full text]
  • Spectroscopic and Phytochemical Examination of Medicinal Plants in Rural Areas of Krishnankoil M
    International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-4S2, December 2019 Spectroscopic and Phytochemical Examination of Medicinal Plants in Rural Areas of Krishnankoil M. S. Revathy, K.Gurushankar, K. Rajeswari, Reginold Jebitta, D. Geetha, Naidu Dhanpal Jayram It is most important to create a good herbarium Abstract: Herbal medicines are part of our daily routine. material for taxonomic identification of the collected Usage of synthetic drugs provides instant relief but doesn’t give a species, and also cultivation, protection and assessment long term solution. Here we report few medicinal plants of of germplasm for future use, since amongst the most Indigofera Tinctoria, Momordica Cymbalaria, and Withania susceptible plant species in India, the most overexploited Somnifera that has been collected in Krishnankoil area of are the medicinal plants [4]. Virudhunagar district in Tamil Nadu. The identification of The main focus of this study is to motivate the biomolecules was investigated using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Charge transfer between bonding, antibonding, awareness of herbal medicine usage and give a clue of non-bonding was analyzed with UV-Vis spectroscopy along with functional group identification for designing drug’s measurement of absorption. Phytochemical testing was carried efficacy against various diseases by identifying the out inorder to understand the important constituents in the chosen primary and secondary metabolites present in the various herbals. extracts of samples of medicinal plants taken in Krishnankoil and it was investigated by FTIR, UV, and Keywords : Indigofera Tinctoria, Momordica Cymbalaria, phytochemical studies. Withania Somnifera, FTIR, UV-Vis Spectroscopy. II. METHODOLOGY I. INTRODUCTION A.
    [Show full text]