Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics

Activity Report 2004 University of Colorado at Boulder

TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ------3 A Message from the Director------3 LASP: A Brief History ------3 LASP Appropriated Funding ------5 Research Support ------5 LASP Faculty------6 Visiting Scholars ------6 Research/Technical/Administrative Support Staff------7 2004 Graduates------8 Graduate Students------8 Undergraduate Students ------9 Faculty Research Interests ------9 Faculty Activities ------14 Faculty Honors/Awards ------18 Courses Taught by LASP Faculty ------18 Colloquia and Informal Talks ------19 Publications------22 Papers Presented at Scientific Meetings ------26 Sponsored Programs------33

Introduction

Please visit LASP's Website: http://lasp.colorado.edu for the latest developments at LASP plus many other interesting links.

A Message from the Director

LASP continues to grow and evolve. New scientific programs have been added and new staff members have joined the Lab. We can point with pride to the successful designing, building, and testing of new spacecraft instruments (as reported in these pages) and we can also report on scientific results from many ongoing projects. The combination of experiments, data analysis, and theoretical investigations provides for a remarkably complete scientific approach here at LASP. Based on our widely recognized engineering, mission operations, and information systems work and our science leadership, we believe that LASP is nearly unique in its abilities as a space research enterprise. In order to carry out the wide range of work undertaken by the Laboratory, it has been clear for some time that more office and laboratory space has been (and certainly will be) necessary. We have been supported by the University administration to help meet space needs. I am very pleased to report that the Chancellor and the Provost have helped to move aggressively toward meeting our office and laboratory space needs. We are now nearing completion of a new building adjacent to the present LASP Space Technology Building in the Research Park. This new facility, which will be ready for oc- cupancy on 30 November 2005, will provide new space comparable in area to the present LSTR building and should allow us to move smoothly to the next level of engineering, operations, and science that we have been striving for. There are many challenges that must be confronted as an organization grows. Adding new people and facilities while maintaining the traditional LASP culture is a top concern for all of us. I have ap- preciated the strong support and thoughtful advice in these matters both by the University administration and by our External Advisory Committee (chaired by Prof. L.A. Fisk). I have particularly ap- preciated the patience and good spirit of our tireless staff here at LASP. We express our appreciation to the University, to the local Boulder community, and to the national agencies for the continuing support that we receive. We look forward to working actively with the broad space research community in many new endeavors. Thank you to the students, staff, and faculty of LASP for all their hard work. Special thanks go to Ann Alfaro for her thorough and careful efforts in preparing this report. Daniel N. Baker

LASP: A Brief History

In 1946-47, a handful of American universities joined with the military and with industry to initi- ate the era of space exploration. The University of Colorado was one of those pioneering universities. The first experiments to be performed in space were lofted by sub-orbital rockets. A key obstacle to these first rocket flights was providing a stabilized platform for cameras and other experiments. With support from the Naval Research Center and the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory (now the Phillips Laboratory), the University of Colorado formed a research group called the Upper Air Labo- ratory (UAL) to solve this problem. Their solution — called the biaxial pointing platform — cleared the way for some of the first major scientific discoveries made in space. Researchers and engineers from the UAL flew experiments into space on over 50 rocket flights before Sputnik. By 1965, the UAL had grown substantially. Along with this growth came a new building on campus and a new name: the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics. The public is invited to tour our facility and to ob- serve the work that LASP does today.

4 LASP Appropriated Funding

During the period 1/1/2004 to 12/31/2004 LASP appropriated funding totaled $44M for support of 144 grants and contracts.

Research Support: 2004 Fiscal Year

Source of Funding Total Grant Dollars Federal Agencies: Department of Energy $2,706 Naval Research Laboratory $15,600 National Aeronautics and Space Administration $12,431,868 National Science Foundation $324,364 Non-Federal Agencies: Arizona State University $110,828 Ball Aerospace Systems Division $641,588 Boston University $812,000 Hampton University $26,715,238 Jet Propulsion Laboratory $1,239,966 Johns Hopkins University $215,000 Northrop Grumman $567,000 Science Systems and Applications, Inc. $19,396 Southwest Research Institute $185,000 Universities Space Research Association $75,000 University of California at Berkeley $688,927 University of Arizona $36,278 Washington University $241,113 Totals: $44,321,872

Daniel N. Baker Director

LASP Faculty

Laila Anderssen Mihály Horányi Peter Pilewskie Linnea M. Avallone Brian Hynek Cora E. Randall Frances Bagenal Bruce M. Jakosky Erik C. Richard Charles A. Barth Shri Kanekal E. Joshua Rigler Yi-Jin Su Caton Greg Kopp Gary J. Rottman (Ret.) Emily CoBabe-Ammann Kristopher Larsen David W. Rusch Joshua E. Colwell George M. Lawrence (Ret.) Theodore Sarris Peter Delamere Steven W. Lee Nicholas M. Schneider Erica Ellingson Xinlin Li Byron Smiley Scot Elkington William E. McClintock Jamison Smith Francis G. Eparvier Tom McCollom Martin Snow Robert Ergun Sara Martinez-Alonzo Miodrag Sremcevic Stefan Eriksson Michael Mellon A. Ian F. Stewart Larry W. Esposito Michael Mills Glen R. Stewart Janet C. Green Keiji Ohtsuki Gary E. Thomas (Ret.) Jerald W. Harder Robert T. Pappalardo Owen B. Toon Lynn Harvey Alexander Pavlov Robert Weigel Noel Hinners William Peterson Thomas N. Woods Zoltan Sternovsky

Visiting Scholars

Dr. Joseph Ajello, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California Dr. Antal Juhasz, Research Inst. for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Hungary Dr. Mark Lewis, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas Dr. Dolores Maravilla, Instituto de Geofisica, UNAM, Mexico Professor Kap-Soo Oh, Chungnam National Univ., Daejeon, South Korea Dr. Wayne Pryor, Central Arizona College, Arizona Camilla Saetre, University of Bergen, Norway

6 Research/Technical/Administrative Support Staff

Ann Alfaro Vanessa George Nicole Ramos Gregg Allison Judith (Dede) Gleason Thomas Reese Michael D. Anfinson Jeff Graw Dwight Reinhardt Judy Antman Ken Greist Randy Reukauf Richard Arnold Elizabeth Grogan Pat Ringrose Dennis L. Baker Bonnie Kae Grover Hans Rohner Susan Batiste Roger Gunderson Marissa Rusinek Helmut P. Bay Scott Gurst Timothy Ruske Christopher Belting Christine Hathaway Cynthia Russell Timothy Bendel Karl Heuerman Jill Ryan Robert P. Biro Caroline Himes Sean Ryan Laura Bloom Rose A. Hoag Judith A. Salazar Bryce Bolton Timothy Holden Patti Sicken Mary Bolton Bonnie W. Hotard Karen Simmons James S. Bowers Vaughn Hoxie John D. Smith Brian D. Boyle Andrew Hunt Thomas Sparn Shelley Bramer Curtis Iscaro Stephen Steg Catherine Brant Christian Jeppeson Kenneth Stevens Vanessa Briggs Edgar Johansson Gail Tate Nancy Brooks James Johnson Trenton Taylor Jeff Brown Alain J. Jouchoux Brian Templeman Patrick Brown David E. Judd Jane Thompson Chelsey Bryant Michelle Kelley Wayne Tighe Michael T. Callan Marjorie K. Klemp Susan Tower Zachary G. Castleman Barry Knapp Janet Tracy Tinapan Chanthawanich Richard Kohnert Matt Triplett Steve Chappell Jay Kominek Dale Troyer Matthew Chojnacki Bret Lamprecht Scott A. Tucker Wesley Cole Mark R. Lankton Karen B. Turk Lillian Connelly Sally Lasater Gregory Ucker Christopher Converse Ryan Lewis Douglas Vincent Pamela Crandall Jennifer Loper Tracy Vincent David Crotser Debra McCabe Pamela J. Wagner John Daspit Beth McGilvray Paul Weidmann Randal L. Davis Sherry McGlochlin Heather Weisacosky Kip W. Denhalter Michael McGrath James Westfall John Donnelly James Mack Neil White Sharon Dooley Melanie McKinney Kenneth Wiehe Michael Dorey Jack Marshall Ann Williams Virginia Drake Patrick Meagher Ann Windnagel Kathryn Eason Willie Mein Heather Reed Withnell Peter Elespuru Russell Meinzer Peter Withnell Steve Ericksen Hannah Meyer Donald Woodraska Brian Evans Nathaniel Miller Maria Woody Phillip L. Evans Jerel Moffatt Ed Wullschleger Jack Faber Steve P. Monk Alan Yehle Tawnya Ferbiak Aref Nammari Jason Young Tim Flaherty Brian Nuel Jennifer Young John Fontenla Sara Ohrtman Torsten Zorn Rodney Freeman John M. Padgett David Gathright Chris Pankratz Michael Gehmeyr Norman C. Perish

2004 Graduates

Amy Barr, Ph.D., Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences December 2004 “Convection in Ice I with non-Newtonian Rheology: Application to the Icy Galilean Satellites” Thesis Advisor: Frances Bagenal

Erika Barth, Ph.D., Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences December 2004 “Microphysical Modeling of Clouds in Titan’s Atmosphere ” Thesis Advisor: Larry W. Esposito

Corinne Krauss, Ph.D., Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences December 2004 "Electrical Discharges near the Surface of Mars: Laboratory Experiments and Numerical Modeling" Thesis Advisor: Mihaly Horanyi

Erin Joshua Rigler, Ph.D., Aerospace Engineering Sciences December 2004 "Predicting Radiation Belt Electron Flux with Adaptive Multi-Input Linear Filters" Thesis Advisor: Daniel N. Baker

Graduate Students

Austin Barker Anna Haugsjaa Katherine Nauert Charles Bardeen Gregory Holsclaw Tania Nowell Amy Barr David Hume Heather Passe Erika Barth David James Radu Popescu Todd Bradley Christian Jeppesen Manny Presicci Chelsey Bryant Amy Jordan Than Putzig Jeremy Carnahan Lars Kalnajs Licia Ray Phillip Chamberlin Bruce Kindel Erica Raine Steve Chappell Corinne Krauss Lonnie Riesberg Zane Crawford Nantawadee Kungsakawin Eric Schleicher Christopher Cully Lindsey Link Karen Schmidt Sean Davis Timothy Lloyd Sara Sheffler Nathan Farr Kevin McGouldrick Karie Michelle Shipley Anselm Fernandez Kevin McWilliams Cynthia Shaw Singleton Tiffany Finley Brian Madge Hanna Sizemore Brandi Gamblin Lansing Madry Andrew Steffl Jennifer Gannon Daniel Main Heather Tollerud Brennan Gantner Rebecca Matichuk Jennifer Uchida Damhnait Gleeson Patrick Meagher John Weiss Tyler J. Goudie Colin Mitchell Kaj Williams Alexa Halford Nate Murphy

8 Undergraduate Students

Keegan Amyx Jessica Harano Andrew Poppe Allyson Bieryla Aaron Hayden Emily Kramer Quinty Jerry Brown Andrew Jenkins Kathryn Rash Lottie Brown Matthew Kelly Tyler Redick Nicholas Bunch Ervin Krauss Zachary Rickert Jeremy Carnahan Otto Krauss Lauren Roemer Anthony Carosa Davis Lawry Alex Romanov Rhain Carpenter Kurt Lorhammer Matthew Route Scott L. Chamberlin Jennifer Lowell Patricia Rubi Marcus Choi Sharon Lutz Joshua Rubin Matthew Chojnack Kevin McWilliams Paul Ryan Patrick Clary Ben Marsh Molly Selting Matthew Colgan Danielle Massey Laura Shaner Pamme Crandall Patrick Meagher Patrick Smith Zane Crawford McCall Mullen Jordan Spatz Jane Crayton Michael Neeland Michelle Stempel Kimdao Dang John Neice Linda Te Janice Denard Jonathan Nikkel Edward Thiemann Nathan Doyle Kostas Pagratis Jane Thompson Jason Durrie Heather Passe Mark Trafton Loren Eason Curtis Paxton Dustin Trail Attila Elteto Brian Payne Thu Yen Tran Neal Evans Kolt Peightal Kelsey Urban Nathan Farber Giordin Perlman Cody Vaudrin Elizabeth Grogan Amy Pham Veronica Vertucci Jenny Guo Michael Phan Marcus Wojtkowiak Rachel Guryn William Pisano Andrew Hahn Radu Popescu

Faculty Research Interests

Linnea Avallone Experimental and theoretical studies of tropo- Daniel N. Baker spheric and stratospheric chemistry, particularly of Research in space instrument design and cali- halogens and related species. Analyzing measure- bration, space physics data analysis, and magneto- ments of chemical species to understand dynamical spheric modeling. Study of plasma physical and en- processes in the stratosphere and troposphere. De- ergetic particle phenomena in the magnetospheres velopment of instrumentation for autonomous in of Jupiter and Mercury, along with the plasma sheet situ measurements of trace species related to under- and magnetopause boundary regions of the Earth’s standing the lifetimes of anthropogenic pollutants. magnetosphere. Analysis of large data sets from [email protected] (303) 492-5913 spacecraft; involvement in missions to Earth’s deep magnetotail and comets; the study of solar wind- Frances Bagenal magnetospheric energy coupling; theoretical mod- Magnetic fields and plasma environments of eling of magnetotail instabilities. Study of magne- solar system objects–mainly Jupiter and the Sun, tosphere-atmosphere coupling; applying space but more recently, other planets, comets and aster- plasma physics to study of astrophysical systems. oids. Research to understand space weather and effects [email protected] (303) 492-2598 on human technology. Teaching of space physics

and public policy, as well as public outreach to analysis and theoretical modeling. Currently Co- space technology community and general public. Investigator on the Thermosphere- Ionosphere- [email protected] (303) 492-4509 Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite Solar EUV Experiment (SEE). Charles A. Barth [email protected], (303) 492-4546, Planetary ultraviolet spectroscopy; observation http://stripe.colorado.edu/~eparvier and theory of nitric oxide in the Earth's upper atmosphere; research on planetary atmospheres. Larry W. Esposito [email protected] (303) 492-7502 Observational and theoretical studies of planetary atmospheres and rings; chemistry and dynam- Joshua E. Colwell ics of the Venus clouds; waves in Saturn's rings; Origin and evolution of planetary rings, obser- numerical methods for radiation transfer. vational and theoretical studies of planetary rings, [email protected] (303) 492-7325 comets, and satellites including Earth’s moon. Im- pact processes on asteroids, satellites, and ring par- Jerald Harder ticles. Dynamics of dust in ring-satellite systems. Measurement and interpretation of solar spec- Dusty plasma dynamics. Thermal models of airless tral irradiance; Development of space-borne prism bodies. spectrometers. [email protected] (303) 492-6805 [email protected] (303) 492-1891

Scot Elkington Mihaly Horanyi Space physics theory and modeling, primarily Dusty space and laboratory plasmas. Electro- understanding energetic particle dynamics in dynamic processes and their role in the origin and the inner magnetosphere in the context of ra- evolution of the solar system. Comets, planetary dial diffusion and adiabatic transport proc- rings, plasma surface interactions at moons and as- esses within the radiation belts. Also working teroids. Aerosol charging, in situ and remote obser- on models of plasma sheet access of energetic vations of dust. particles to the inner magnetosphere through [email protected] (303) 492-6903 convection/substorm injection, development of physical space weather radiation belt mod- Bruce M. Jakosky els, and magnetohydrodynamic/particle simu- Teaching and research activities focus on un- lations. derstanding the nature of planetary surfaces and [email protected] (303) 735-0810 atmospheres and the possibility for the existence of life in the universe. Specific activities include Erica Ellingson teaching undergraduate and graduate courses, train- The study of the evolution of galaxies, galaxy ing graduate students, research and grant activity clusters, and quasars. Investigation of dark matter pertaining to planetary science and exobiology, in distant galaxy clusters, the evolution of the gal- leading the campus effort in astrobiology, exploring axies in these clusters, and the properties of the in- the nature of the interactions between science and tra-cluster gas. Observations with ground-based society, and outreach to the public. telescopes and use of several orbiting space obser- [email protected] (303) 492-8004 vatories, extensive computer analysis and model- Greg Kopp ing. Development and characterization of the [email protected] (303) 492-6610 SORCE, Glory, and NPOESS Total Irradiance Monitors for solar irradiance measurements. Solar Francis G. Eparvier physics. Electro-optical instrumentation and electri- Research interests include the aeronomy of the cal substitution radiometry. upper atmosphere, the effects of solar irradiance [email protected], 303-735-0934 and particle flux variability on the upper atmosphere, and the sources of that solar variability. Ap- George M. Lawrence proaches include rocket and satellite measurements Physical chemistry, laboratory spectroscopy, of the solar outputs and of the atmosphere, and data experiment design and analysis, signal condition-

ing, vacuum technology, IR detectors, UV detec- Michael Mills tors, imaging detectors, microchannel plates. Research has focused on stratospheric sulfate [email protected] (303) 492-5389 aerosol. The current research tool is a 2D microphysical model of the troposphere, stratosphere, Steven W. Lee and mesosphere. A primary goal has been to assess Development of computer techniques for the sources of the nonvolcanic stratospheric sulfate analysis and correlative study of multiple remote- layer, and understand anthropogenic contributions. sensing data sets; Digital image processing tech- Because of the role of aerosol in stratospheric niques; Physics of atmosphere/surface interactions; chemistry and radiative balance, this knowledge of Mechanisms and rates of eolian sediment transport; its sources is critical to understanding global Effects of topography on regional atmospheric cir- change. Recent efforts have attempted to under- culation; Educational outreach: incorporating stand discrepancies between observed and calcu- planetary science into K-12 curricula. lated aerosol mass at the top of the layer. Other [email protected] (303) 492-5348 work has examined the causes of observed particle nucleation in polar winter, the implications for Xinlin Li aerosol of recently measured photolysis rates for Space physics, data analysis and modeling. Es- H2SO4 and SO3, and volcanic aerosol as a poten- pecially interested in understanding the dynamics tial source for polar mesospheric clouds. of relativistic electrons in the magnetosphere: the [email protected] (303) 492-7767 source, loss, and transportation of these MeV electrons; also interested in charged particle injections Keiji Ohtsuki into inner magnetosphere during magnetic storms Theoretical studies of planet formation; origin and substorms, and magnetosphere-atmosphere and dynamical evolution of ring-satellite systems. coupling due to energetic particle precipitations. [email protected] (303) 492-0260 [email protected] (303) 492-3514 Cora E. Randall William E. McClintock Primary interests include atmospheric chemis- Observational Astrophysics - Ultraviolet ob- try and dynamics, mainly of the stratosphere, and servations of the outer atmospheres of cool stars secondarily of the mesosphere and troposphere. and the very local (d<20pc) interstellar medium. Work is experimental in nature, relying on data Ultraviolet Observations of Planetary Atmospheres. from remote sensing satellites. The emphasis is on Development of state-of-the-art instrumentation for ozone, NO2, and aerosol data from the Polar Ozone high resolution spectroscopy for the 900-2500/ and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) instrument as wavelength range. well as from the Stratosphere Aerosol and Gas Ex- [email protected] (303) 492-8407 periment (SAGE). Measurements from instruments on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite Michael Mellon (UARS) and the Solar Mesosphere Explorer (SME) The history of water on Mars, the martian per- are also used. Other interests include the spectros- mafrost, surface-atmosphere interactions and the copy of comets and laboratory polarization meas- martian climate. Periglacial geology and geophys- urements. ics on Earth and Mars. Use of ice-related geomor- [email protected] (303) 492-8208 phic features as an indicating of the distribution of subsurface ice. Antarctic analogs to martian geo- morphology. Laboratory research in transport proc- Gary J. Rottman esses in frozen soils, including gas diffusion and Accurately measure the solar spectral irradi- solute migration and the effects of water vapor, ice, ance (Principal Investigator on sounding rockets, and adsorbate on transport physics. Remote sensing UARS, EOS, SORCE, TSIM, and GLORY and Co- and thermophysical properties of planetary rego- Investigator on SME, TIMED, and SDO). Special liths, with specific emphasis on martian surface ma- emphasis is given to solar variability on all time terial. Planetary surface temperature behavior and scales and to comparisons of the solar irradiance geothermal heat flow. with the output of other late type stars. Past work [email protected] (303) 492-1711 has concentrated on the ultraviolet (λ<300) irradi-

ance, but emphasis has not extended to the visible this effort, and one research activity has been to and near-infrared. Application of ultraviolet spec- help coordinate the interaction of the two groups. troscopy and the development of new instrumenta- [email protected] 303-735-2143 tion for remote sensing. [email protected] (303) 492-8324 A. Ian F. Stewart The investigation by ultraviolet emissions of David W. Rusch the aeronomy of planetary and satellite atmos- The general fields of spectroscopy and aeron- pheres, cometary comae, and Io's plasma torus. omy, emphasizing the measurements of minor con- [email protected] (303) 492-4630 stituents and aerosols in planetary atmospheres such as nitric oxide and ozone and the physical and Glen R. Stewart chemical phenomena which determine their densi- Origin and evolution of the solar system, with ties and temporal variations. Research in the at- an emphasis on modeling the solid-body accretion mospheric sciences including stratospheric, meso- of the terrestrial planets and the solid cores of the spheric, and thermospheric data analysis and mod- giant planets. Accretion of the Moon after a giant eling. Application of the principles of molecular impact on the Earth. Modeling of satellite wakes and atomic spectroscopy in the measurement of ul- and spiral density waves in planetary rings. Nonlin- traviolet, visible, and near-infrared emission and ear dynamics of the three-body problem as applied absorption features to obtain understanding of at- to problems in solar system dynamics. mospheric phenomena. Current research involves [email protected] (303) 492-3737 the determination of atmospheric processes affect- ing ozone and the reevaluation of ozone trends Gary E. Thomas from long-term satellite measurements. Research concerning the middle atmosphere of [email protected] (303) 492-8627 Earth, in particular the mesosphere (50-100 km). Of http://lasp.colorado.edu/~rusch/dwr.html interest are noctilucent clouds which occur in the high-latitude summertime mesopause region, Nicholas M. Schneider around 83 km. These clouds were observed for five The physics of planetary magnetospheres, par- years by a CU LASP ultraviolet experiment on- ticularly the interactions between planetary plasmas board the LASP SME satellite, and more recently and the satellites of the outer planets. Extensive by instruments onboard the POAM II and UARS groundbased observations of the Jupiter/Io system, (Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite) spacecraft. especially imaging and spectroscopy of the Io at- In the last decade, interest involves global change mosphere and plasma torus. Program has been ex- in this region, possibly caused by anthropogenic panded to include Hubble Space Telescope obser- emissions and by climate changes in the tropo- vations. Designing and building of a spacecraft to sphere. Critical parameters studied are solar UV study the Jupiter/Io system. flux, water vapor, temperature and ozone which are [email protected] (303) 492-7672 being monitored by instruments onboard the UARS. [email protected] (303) 492-7022 Martin Snow http://lasp.colorado.edu/noctilucent_clouds Primary research interests include ultraviolet spectroscopy of stars and the sun and the interac- Owen B. Toon tion of comets with the solar wind. The SOLSTICE Theoretical studies of stratospheric aerosols; instruments on UARS and SORCE provide a investigations of volcanic aerosols and studies of wealth of information about solar activity in the polar stratospheric clouds; theoretical studies of 115-300 nm range on a variety of timescales, rang- tropospheric clouds, aerosols and radiative transfer; ing from minutes (solar flares) to decades (solar cy- experimental investigations of stratospheric and cle). Understanding the variation in the solar output tropospheric phenomena; theoretical investigations will lead to understanding its influence on the of planetary atmospheres. Earth. The interaction of comets with the solar wind [email protected] (303) 492-1534 is best studied using wide-field photography. Both amateur and professional astronomers contribute to

Robert Weigel [email protected] (303-492-2159) Dynamics and physics of solar wind/magnetosphere/ionosphere coupling. Modeling of high- Thomas N. Woods energy electrons in the magnetosphere. Models of Observational studies of the solar ultraviolet the dynamics of ground magnetic fields and their (UV) radiation, its variability, and its interaction time derivatives based on the solar wind state. Pre- with Earth's atmosphere. Principal investigator of diction of temporal fluctuations in ground magnetic NASA suborbital program to study the solar irradi- fields with high-dimensional nonlinear regression ance and thermospheric airglow. Principal investi- methods (neural networks). Low-dimensional gator of the Solar EUV Experiment (SEE) on the physics-based models of geomagnetic storms and TIMED mission. Co-investigator of the Solar Stel- substorms. Characterization of the relaxation of lar Irradiance Comparison (SOLSTICE) experiment ionospheric currents after passage of solar wind dis- currently making solar UV irradiance measure- turbance. Studies of short-time scale geomagnetic ments on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite fluctuations and characterization of their probability (UARS) and planned for the Earth Observing Sys- distribution functions. Statistical and empirical tem (EOS) missions. model development for space weather prediction. [email protected] (303) 492-4224 Decision Theory applied to space weather forecasting problems.

FACULTY ACTIVITIES

Air Force Technical Applications Center (AFTAC) Satellite Review Panel Baker, Daniel (Chair)

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Jakosky, Bruce (Member, Program on Dialogue on Science, Ethics, and Religion Advisory Committee)

American Geophysical Union (AGU) Avallone, Linnea (Member Atmospheric Chemistry Section, Atmospheric Chemistry Technical Committee) Avallone, Linnea (Member Sullivan Award Committee) Baker, Daniel (Chair, Nominations Committee) Baker, Daniel (Convenor, Special Sessions) Baker, Daniel (Chair, Electronic Publications Review Panel) Baker, Daniel (President, Space Physics and Aeronomy Section) Ergun, Robert (Member, Press and Public Affairs Committee) Ergun, Robert (Chair, Session “Polar Magnetospheres of Jupiter and Earth, Fall AGU meeting) Esposito, Larry (Main organizer and Chair of Organizing Committee, Chapman Conference on Venus Explo- ration) Li, Xinlin (Member, Student paper evaluation committee)

Association of American Universities (AAU) Esposito, Larry (Member, Science Working Group)

Astrobiology Science and Technology in Exploration Program (ASTEP) Jakosky, Bruce (Co-Convenor, Principal Investigator’s Workshop)

Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences Department (APS) Ergun, Robert (Member of Executive Committee) Ergun, Robert (Peer Teaching Evaluator) Ergun, Robert (Member, Faculty Search Committee) Ergun, Robert (Member, Undergraduate Committee) Pappalardo, Robert (Department Representative, CU Geophysics Ph.D. Program) Pappalardo, Robert (Member, Admissions committee) Pappalardo, Robert (Member, Fiske Planetarium hiring Committee) 13

Pappalardo, Robert (Member, Course fees committee)

Boulder Matrix Space Advisory Group Baker, Daniel (Chair)

CLUSTER Science Working Team Baker, Daniel (Member)

Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) Esposito, Larry (Main Scientific Organizer, COSPAR 34 : Planetary Atmospheres)

Conference on Space Weather Baker, Daniel (Member, Organizing Committee)

Department of Energy Programs in Atmospheric Science Toon, Owen B. (Member)

Dissertation/Thesis Advisor/Committee Member Avallone, Linnea Baker, Daniel Ergun, Robert Li, Xinlin Pappalardo, Robert Toon, Owen B.

Editorial Board Member Avallone, Linnea (Associate Editor, Journal of Geophysical Research – Atmospheres) Baker, Daniel (Associate Editor – Journal of Space Weather) Jakosky, Bruce (Astrobiology) Jakosky, Bruce (International Journal of Astrobiology) Pappalardo, Robert (Associate Editor, Geophysical Research Letters) Pappalardo, Robert (Guest Co-Editor, Special Issue of Journal of Structural Geology)

Education and Public Outreach Woods, Thomas (Boulder Valley School District; Math in Science Lecture) Woods, Tom (Assisted with LSTB tours) Woods, Tom (Science Fair Judge)

Electronic Geophysical Year Steering Committee Baker, Daniel (Chair)

International Assoc. for Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Baker, Daniel (U.S. National Delegate) Baker, Daniel (Chair, IGY+ 50 Task Force)

International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) Baker, Daniel (Member, IGY+50 Advisory Committee) Baker, Daniel (U.S. Representative)

International Heliophysical Year Planning Group Baker, Daniel (Co-Chair)

International Space Science Institute Working Group Baker, Daniel (Member)

International Space Weather Conference Baker, Daniel (Member, Organizing Committee)

Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP)

Avallone, Linnea (Member, Education and Public Outreach Committee) Baker, Daniel (Chair, Business Committee) Baker, Daniel (Chair, Executive Committee) CoBabe-Ammann, Emily (Member, Executive Committee) Colwell, Josh (Member, Executive Committee) Davis, Randal (Member, Executive Committee) Esposito, Larry (Member, Executive Committee) Esposito, Larry (Member, Merit Evaluation Committee) Himes, Caroline (Member, Executive Committee) Horanyi, Mihaly (Member, Executive Committee) Horanyi, Mihaly (Member, Library Committee) Jakosky, Bruce (Member, Executive Committee) Li, Xinlin (Member, Executive Committee) Li, Xinlin (Member, Graduate Student Curriculum Committee) Li, Xinlin (Member, Education and Public Outreach Committee) Li, Xinlin (Member, Weigel Promotion Committee) Li, Xinlin (Member, Ericksson Promotion Committee) McClintock, William (Member, Executive Committee) McGrath, Michael (Member, Executive Committee) Randall, Cora (Member, Executive Committee) Rottman, Gary (Member, Executive Committee) Rottman, Gary (Chair, Project Steering Committee) Stewart, Ian (Member, Executive Committee) Woods, Tom (Member, Project Steering Committee) Woods, Tom (Member, Executive Committee) Woods, Tom (Editor, SORCE book published as special issue of Solar Physics) Woods, Tom (Science Supervisor LASP Solar Group)

Mars Astrobiology Science and Technology Workshop Jakosky, Bruce (Convenor)

Mars Global Surveyor Project Science Group Jakosky, Bruce (Member)

Mars Odyssey Project Science Group Jakosky, Bruce (Member)

Mars Sample Return Science Steering Group Jakosky, Bruce (Member)

MESSENGER/Mercury Orbiter Science Working Team Baker, Daniel

National Academy of Science (NSF) Baker, Daniel (Chair, NAS/NC Committee on Solar and Space Physics (CSSP)) Baker, Daniel (Member, Space Studies Board)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Baker, Daniel (Chair, Living With a Star MOWG) Baker, Daniel (Advisor, Sun-Earth Connections Roadmap Committee) Baker, Daniel (Member, Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission Study Team) Esposito, Larry (Member, NASA Nuclear Systems Initiative Science Definition Team) Horanyi, Mihaly (Member, Micro-Gravity Fluids Science Review Panel) Jakosky, Bruce (Chair Astrobiology Institute Lunar Astrobiology Working Group) Jakosky, Bruce (Chair, Mars Aeronomy Working Group) Jakosky, Bruce (Chair, Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group) Jakosky, Bruce (Member, Mars Science Laboratory Planetary Protection Working Group) Jakosky, Bruce, (Convenor and Session Chair, Astrobiology Institute Workshop on Subsurface Life) Li, Xinlin (Team Member, Science and Technology Study and Definition Team) Pappalardo, Robert (Member, Science Definition Team) 15

Pappalardo, Robert (Member, Solar System Exploration Subcommittee) Pappalardo, Robert (Member, Local Organizing Committee, NASA Astrobiology institute) Toon, Owen B. (Member, Aura Validation Activities Organizing Committee) Toon, Owen B. (Member, Tropical clouds Mission Organizing Committee) Woods, Tom (Member, LWS Climate Review Panel) Woods, Tom (Member UARS, TIMED, SORCE, and SCO science working groups) Woods, Tom (Chair/Main organizer for Solar XUV Irradiance and FUV Airglow Validation Workshop)

National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Avallone, Linnea (Member: Upper Troposphere/Lower Stratosphere Initiative Progressive Science Cam- paign Committee)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Baker, Daniel (Member, Strategic Planning Group)

National Science Foundation Baker, Daniel (Member, Advisory Panel on Faculty Development)

Panel on Nonlinear Modeling in Geophysics Baker, Daniel (Member)

Physics Department Comps Committee Horanyi, Mihaly (Chair)

Physics Department Undergraduate Committee Horanyi, Mihaly (Member)

Planetary Society Advisory Board Jakosky, Bruce, (Member)

Polar Science Working Team Baker, Daniel (Member)

Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Science (PAOS) Toon, Owen B. (Director)

Reviewer of Manuscripts, Grants, or Creative Work Avallone, Linnea (External expert reviewer: Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility Observational Study (BRAVO) Avallone, Linnea (Review panelist: National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Re- search Traineeship (IGERT) program Avallone, Linnea (Reviewer of proposals for creation of research centers (Helmholtz (Germany) Associa- tion of National Research Centers) Avallone, Linnea (Proposals: National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs) Ergun, Robert (Manuscripts: Journal of Geophysical Research, Physics of Plasmas, Geophysical Research Letters) Ergun, Robert (Proposals: NASA, NSF) Esposito, Larry (Manuscripts: Journal of Geophysical Research and Icarus) Horanyi, Mihaly (Icarus, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space, National Academy of Sciences, Nature, Physics of Plasmas) Horanyi, Mihaly (Proposals: NSF, DOE, and NASA) Jakosky, Bruce (Manuscripts: Icarus, Science) Jakosky, Bruce (Proposals: NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts) Jakosky, Bruce (Proposals: NASA Mars Fundamental Research Program)

Jakosky, Bruce (Proposals: NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program) Li, Xinlin (Proposals: NASA and NSF) Li, Xinlin (Manuscripts: Journal of Geophysical Research, Geophysical Research Letters, Advanced Plasma Physics, and Earth, Planets, and Space) Pappalardo, Robert (Manuscripts: Icarus and Journal of Geophysical Research – Planets) Pappalardo, Robert (Proposals: NASA) Pilewskie, Peter (Proposals: NASA Earth Science Enterprise, and NSF) Sternovsky, Zoltan (Manuscripts: Physics of Plasmas, Physical Review Letters, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, and Vacuum) Woods, Tom (J. Geophys. Res., Solar Phys., and Adv. Space Res.) Woods, Tom (Proposals: NASA, NOAA)

SAMPEX Science Working Team Daniel Baker (Member)

Space Physics Research Lab (U. of Michigan) Baker, Daniel (Member, Review Committee)

Universities Space Research Association (USRA) Baker, Daniel (Member, Astronomy and Space Physics Council) Baker, Daniel (Member, Council of Institutes) Baker, Daniel (Representative, Council of Institutes) Jakosky, Bruce (Member, Lunar and Planetary Institute Science Council) Jakosky, Bruce (Member, NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts Science Council)

University of Colorado Aerospace Engineering Sciences (AES) Department Baker, Daniel (Member, External Advisory Board) Li, Xinlin (Member, Graduate Committee on Curriculum) Li, Xinlin (Member, AES/LASP Cooperation Committee)

University of Colorado Baker, Daniel (Deputy Director, Center for Limb Atmospheric Sounding) Baker, Daniel (Member, Chancellor’s Federal Relations Advisory Committee) Baker, Daniel (Member, Graduate School/Institute Directors Group) Baker, Daniel (Member, Vision 2010: University without Walls Committee) Toon, Owen B. (Core Faculty Member, Environmental Studies Program)

FACULTY HONORS/AWARDS

National Academy of Science (NAS) Baker, Daniel (Chosen National Associate)

Courses Taught by LASP Faculty Spring 2004 Linnea Avallone ATOC 4800-5000 Critical issues in climate and policy Linnea Avallone ATOC 6020 Group meeting/Journal Club Daniel N. Baker ASTR 5300 Intro to Magnetospheres Robert Ergun ASTR 1110 Intro to Astronomy: Solar System Larry Esposito ASTR/ATOC 3720 Planets and their atmospheres Xinlin Li ASEN 4010 Intro to Space Dynamics

Robert Pappalardo ASTR 1010-001 Intro to the Solar System Owen B. Toon ATOC 6020 Seminar on aerosols

Fall 2004

Robert Ergun ASTR 1030 Accelerated general astronomy: Solar system Mihaly Horanyi PHYS 3310 Principles of Electricity and Magnet- ism I Mihaly Horanyi PHYS 3320 Principles of Electricity and Magnet- ism II Bruce M. Jakosky GEOL 5830/ASTR 5830/PAOS 5830 Astrobiology Xinlin Li ASEN 2002 Thermal Dynamics / Aerodynamics Robert Pappalardo ASTR 1110-002 Intro to the Solar System Robert Pappalardo ASTR 5835 Planetary Science Seminar: Saturn Sys- tem Peter Pilewskie ATOC/ASTR 5560 Radiative Processes in Planetary At- mospheres Owen B. Toon ATOC 6020 Seminar on aerosols Owen B. Toon ATOC 5810 Planetary Atmospheres

Colloquia and Informal Talks* Spring 2004

Sandra Baldauf, Univ. of York, UK, The tree of Juan Fontenla, CU/LASP, Modeling the Solar life; new discoveries about relationships among Atmosphere eukaryotes James Garvin, NASA/HQ, Discovering the new Amy C. Barr, CU/LASP, Convective Instability Mars with SPIRIT and OPPORTUNITY in Ice I: Application to Callisto and Ganymede Janet Green, CU/LASP, The Earth's Radiation Corey Cohn, Stony Brook University, Pyrite- Belts: Scientific Questions and Societal Im- generated radicals and the destruction of nu- pacts cleic acids Kevin Hand, Stanford Univ., The surface radia- Peter Colarco, U. MD/NASA Goddard Space tion chemistry of Europa and implications for a Flight Center, A Combined Use of Satellite habitable ocean Data and Transport Models to Understand the Jerry Harder, CU/LASP, Solar Spectral Vari- Composition and Distribution of Climatically ability as Measured by the SORCE SIM In- Important Aerosols strument Matthew DeLand, Science Systems and Applica- Noel Hinners, CU/LASP, Humans to the Moon tions, Inc. (SSAI), SBUV/2 Observations of and Mars: The dream revived Solar Variability and Atmospheric Response Bryan Hynek, CU/LASP, Martian water on the David DesMarais, NASA/AMES, The Mars Ex- brain ploration Rovers unveil new horizons for astro- Diego Janches, CU/CIRES, Micrometeors in the biology Upper Atmosphere Studied Using Big Radars Charles Delwiche, U. of Maryland, Key events in Bruce Jakosky, LASP/Astrobiology/Geo-logical the evolution of eukaryotic phototrophs Sciences, Life Elsewhere, Science and Religion Andrea Ghez, UCLA, Unveiling a supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy.

David Johnson, NASA Langley Research Center, Benjamin Weiss, MIT, Records of ancient Mar- Dehydration of the upper troposphere: What tian magnetic fields, climate and life in can we learn from isotope ratios? ALH84001. Dave Johnston, University of Maryland, Isotopic John Wise, GE-Panemetrics, Calibration of the fingerprints of sulfur metabolisms: using the GOES solar EUV detector at the Brookhaven minor isotopes to distinguish between process NSLS Nicole King, Univ. of California/Berkeley, Ani- mal origins: our unicellular ancestry Fall 2004 Doug Kinnison, NCAR, Introduction to the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) Daniel Baker, CU/LASP, Space Environment Alex Klimas, NASA/GSFC, Mean-Field Self- Effects of the Solar Events of October- Organized Criticality in a Driven Current Sheet November 2003 Model John Bally, Dept. of Astrophysical & Planetary Greg Kopp, CU / LASP, The Total Irradiance Sciences, Center for Astrophysics & Space Monitor: What's in a Part Per Million? Astronomy, & Center for Astrobiology, Gentry Lee, NASA/JPL, The exploration of Small is Beautiful: Survival of Protoplane- Mars: past and present tary Disks in Hazardous Star Forming Envi- Xinlin Li, CU/LASP, The predictability of the ronments magnetosphere and space weather. Phillip B. Chilson, CIRES / CU, Atmospheric Ken Mankoff, Honeybee Robotics, Rock Abra- Radar Imaging: Theory and Applications sion Tool (RAT) onboard the MER rovers Carol Cleland, CU/Philosophy/Astrobiology, Victoria Meadows, JPL/Caltech, Exploring the Searching for extraterrestrial life without a living cosmos: The Spitzer Space Telescope definition of 'life' Joshua Colwell, CU/LASP, Cassini UVIS Obser- Terry Onsager, NOAA/SEC, Radiation Belt Elec- vations of Saturn's Rings trons - Where do They Come From and Where do They go? Geoffrey A. Dorn, BP Center for Visualization, University of Colorado, Applications of Peter Pilewskie, NASA Ames Research Center, Visualization and Virtual Reality in Research Solar Radiation, Clouds, and Climate: A Multi- and Engineering Spectral View from Airborne and Satellite Ob- Larry Esposito, CU/LASP, Cassini UVIS Obser- servations vations Show an Active Saturn System Cora Randall, CU/LASP, Occultation Science: Bruce Jakosky, CU/LASP, Geological Sciences, A Rising Star? and Center for Astrobiology, Liquid water Erik C. Richard, NOAA Aeronomy Labora- and the biological potential of Mars tory/CIRES, The Development and Use of Air- Brian R. Johnson, Ball Aerospace, New Sensor craft In-situ Diode Laser Instruments for At- Technologies for Measuring CO and CO2 mospheric Research: From Trace Gases to from Space Aerosols Bill Kurth, U. of Iowa, Physics/Astronomy Dept., Theodore Sarris, CU / LASP, Energetic Particle Results from the Radio and Plasma Wave Injections in the Earth's Magnetosphere Science experiment on Cassini - Radio emis- Roger Summons, MIT, Organic biosignatures: sions from Saturn Earthly biomarkers, analytical approaches, old Charles Lineweaver, Australian National Univer- rocks and meteorites sity, The Galactic Habitable Zone and the Mark Tyra, Univ. of Maryland, Terrestrial altera- Age Distribution of Complex Life in the tion of CM chondritic carbonate Milky Way Joe Vellinga, Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Jerry Lumpe, Computational Physics, Inc., Re- Stardust - Close Encounter with a Comet mote Sensing of Earth's Atmosphere by Ab- sorptive Occultation 19

Thomas McCollom, Center for Astrobiology, Ian Stewart, CU/LASP, Titan Observed by Cas- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Phys- sini-UVIS or Your Face is Familiar - Don't I ics, Iron-oxidizing bacteria: Inhabitants of the Know You From Somewhere? deep subsurface biosphere, early Earth, and Melissa G. Trainer, Chemistry/Biochemis- Mars? try/CIRES, Organic Aerosols in Planetary At- Stephen J. Mojzsis, CU/Geological Sciences, Cen- mospheres: Titan and the Early Earth ter for Astrobiology, Renaming the Hadean: A James White, INSTAAR/CU, Humans and Climate progress report from the Mission to Really Change: Latest News From Ice Cores Early Earth Mike Yarus, Dept. of MCD Biology & Center for Alexander Pavlov, CU/LASP, Mass-Extinctions Astrobiology, Origin(s?) of the Genetic Code and Severe Glaciations due to Changes in the Leslie Young, SwRI, Observing Pluto's Post- Galactic Environment Perihelion Atmosphere Pilewskie, P.A., Measuring aerosol, cloud, and surface radiative properties and effects during the *Boldfaced names indicate members of LASP Fac- NEAQS-ITCT 2004 field campaign ulty or Staff. Cora Randall, CU/LASP, Stratospheric Effects of Energetic Particle Precipitation in 2003-2004 Ralf Srama, MPIK Heidelberg, Germany, Dust Measurements With Cassini

Publications Ackerman, et al., The impact of humidity above Baker, D.N., R.S. Weigel, E.J. Rigler, R.L. stratiform clouds on indirect aerosol climate McPherron, D. Vassiliadis, C.N. Arge, G.L. forcing, Nature, 432, 1014-1017, 2004. Siscoe, and H.E. Spence, Sun-to- Andersson, L., W.K. Peterson, and K.M. McBride, magnetosphere modeling: CISM forecast Dynamic Coordinates for Auroral Ion Outflow, model development using linked empirical J. Geophys. Res., 109, A08201, 10.1029/ models, J. Atmos. and Solar-Terr. Physics, 66, 2004JA010424, 2004. 1491-1497, 2004. Bagenal, F, T. Downing, and W. McKinnon, Eds., Baker, D.N., Reply, Eos, 85, NO. 32, 302, 2004. Jupiter: The Planet, Satellites and Magneto- Baker, D.N., S.G. Kanekal, and J.B. Blake, Charac- sphere, Cambridge University Press, 2004. terizing the Earth’s Outer Van Allen zone us- Bagenal, F., Timothy Dowling, and William ing the Radiation Belt Content (RBC) Index, McKinnon, Chapter 1 - Introduction, in Jupiter: Space Weather, 2, S02003, doi:10.1029/ The Planet, Satellites and Magnetosphere, Fran 2003SW000026, 2004. Bagenal, Timothy Dowling, William McKin- Baker, D.N., S.G. Kanekal, X. Li, S.P. Monk, J. non (eds), Cambridge University Press, 2004. Goldstein, and J.L. Burch, An Extreme Distor- Baker, D.N., Balancing science and exploration, tion of the Van Allen Belt Arising from the Space News,13, 2004. ‘Hallow’en’ Solar Storm in 2003, Nature, 432, Baker, D.N., C. Barton, A. Rodger, B. Fraser, B. 878-881, 2004. Thompson, and V. Papitashvili, Moving be- Baker, D.N., Specifying and Forecasting Space yond the IGY: The electronic Geophysical Weather Threats to Human Technology, in Ef- Year (eGY) Concept, Eos, AGU, 85, No. 11, fects of Space Weather on Technology Infra- 105-109, 2004. structure, 1-25, (I.A. Daglis, ed.), Kluwer, Baker, D.N., C.A. Barth, and S.M. Bailey, End of 2004. SNOE or new beginning?, Space News Inter- Barnum, B.H., et al., Forecasting dust storms using national, May 17, 2004. the CARMS-dust model and MM5 weather Baker, D.N., King receives 2004 Edward A. Flinn data, Environmental Modeling and Software, Award, Eos, 85, No. 26, 251, doi: 19(2), 129-140, 2004. 10.1029/2004EO260005, 2004.

Barr, A.C., S. Zhong, and R.T. Pappalardo, Con- Caplinger, and M. Ravine, The Thermal Emis- vective instability in ice I with non-Newtonian sion Imaging System (THEMIS) for the Mars rheology: Application to the Galilean satellites, 2001 Odyssey mission, Space Science Rev., J. Geophys. Res., 109, E12008, doi: 10.1029 110, 85-130, 2004. JE002296, 2004. Crotser, D. A., T. N. Woods, F. G. Eparvier, G. Barth, C.A., and S.M. Bailey, Comparison of a Ucker, R. A. Kohnert, G. D. Berthiaume, and thermospheric photochemical model with Stu- D. M. Weitz, SDO-EVE Multiple EUV Grating dent Nitric Oxide Explorer (SNOE) observa- Spectrograph (MEGS) optical design, SPIE tions of nitric oxide, J. Geophys. Res., 109, Proceedings, 5563, 182-194, 2004. doi: 10.1029/2003JA010277, 2004. Daglis, I.A., D.N. Baker, J.G. Kappenman, M. Barth, C.A., D.N. Baker, and S.M. Bailey, Seasonal Panasyuk, and E.J. Daly, Effects of space variation of auroral electron precipitation, weather on technology infrastructure, Space Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L04809, doi: Weather, 2, S02004, doi:10.1029/2003SW 10.1029/2003GL018892, 2004. 000044, 2004. Barth, E.L and O.B. Toon, Properties of Methane Delamere, P.A., A. Steffl, and F. Bagenal, Model- Clouds on titan: Results from Microphysical ing Temporal Variability of Plasma Conditions Modeling, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L13106, in the Io Torus during the Cassini Era, J. Geo- 10.1029/ 2004GL0119771, 2004. phys. Res., 109, A10216, 10.1029/ 2003 Bennet, J., S. Shostak, and B. Jakosky, Life in the JA010354, 2004. Universe (non-majors textbook in astrobiol- Delamere, P.A., and F. Bagenal, Pluto’s kinetic in- ogy), Addison-Wesley, San Francisco, 2004. teraction with the solar wind, Geophys. Res. Brain, D.A., The bow shocks and upstream waves Lett., 31, L04807, 2004. of Venus and Mars, Adv. Space Res., 33, Drake, M.J. and B.M. Jakosky, Narrow horizons in 1913-1919, 2004. astrobiology, Nature, 415, 733-734, 2004. Brooks, S. M., L. W. Esposito, M. R. Showalter, Eastes, R., S. Bailey, B. Bowman, F. Marcos, J. and H. B. Throop. 2004. The size distribution Wise, and T. Woods, The correspondence be- of Jupiter's main ring from Galileo imaging tween thermospheric neutral densities and and spectroscopy. Icarus, 170, 35-37, 2004. broadband measurements of the total solar soft Brooks, S.D., et al., Polar stratospheric clouds dur- X-ray flux, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L19804, ing SOLVE/THESEO: Comparison of lidar doi: 10.1029/2004GL020801, 2004. observations with in situ measurements, J. Elkington, S.R., M.J. Wiltberger, A.A. Chan, and Geophys. Res., 109, 10.1029/2003JD003463, D.N. Baker, The Center for Integrated space- 2004. weather Modeling (CISM), and physical mod- Burns, J.A., et al., Jupiter's Ring-Moon System, els of the geospace radiation environment, J. Chapter 11 - Introduction, in Jupiter: The Atmos. and Solar-Terr. Physics, 66, 1371- Planet, Satellites and Magnetosphere, Fran Ba- 1387, 2004. genal, Timothy Dowling, William McKinnon Ergun, R.E., Auroral particle acceleration by strong (eds), Cambridge University Press, 2004. double layers: The upward current region, J. Chamberlin, P. C., T. N. Woods, and F. G. Geophys. Res., 109, 10.1029/2004JA010545, Eparvier, Rocket Extreme ultraviolet Grating 2004. Spectrograph (EGS): calibrations and results of Eriksson, S, S. R. Elkington, T. D. Phan, S. M. the solar irradiance on February 8, 2002, SPIE Petrinec, H. Reme, M. W. Dunlop, M. Wilt- Proceedings, 5538, 31-42, 2004. berger, A. Balogh, R. E. Ergun, and M. Andre, Chaston, C.C., R.E. Ergun, et al., Auroral ion ac- Global control of merging by the IMF: Cluster celeration in dispersive Alfven waves, J. Geo- observations of dawnside flank magnetopause phys. Res., 109, A04205, doi: 10.1029/2003 reconnection, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A12203, JA010053, 2004. doi:10.1029/2003JA010346, 2004. Chaston, C.C., R.E. Ergun, et al., Electron and Ion Eriksson, S., M. Øieroset, D.N. Baker, C. Mouikis, acceleration in the unstable auroral ionosphere, A. Vaivads, M.W. Dunlop, H. Rème, R.E. Er- Physica Scripta, T107, 213, 2004. gun, and A. Balogh, Walén and Slow-Mode Christensen, P.R., B.M. Jakosky, H.H. Kieffer, Shock Analyses in the Near-Earth Magnetotail M.C. Malin, H.Y. McSween, Jr., K. Nealson, in Connection with a Substorm Onset on 27 G.L. Mehall, S.H. Silverman, S. Ferry, M. 21

August 2001, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A10212, man and W.J. Kaufmann III, eds.), W.H. Free- 10.1029/ 2004JA010534, 2004. man and Co., NY, 2004. Esposito, L. W., et al., The Cassini Ultraviolet Im- Jakosky, B.M., What’s missing from undergraduate aging Spectrograph investigation, Space Sci. education? (letter), Science, 304, 1904-5, 2004. Rev., 115, 299-361, 2004. Jensen, E., D. Starr, and O.B. Toon, Mission inves- Esposito, L.W., Jupiter's Ring-Moon System, in Ju- tigates tropical cirrus clouds, EOS Trans., 85, piter: The Planet, Satellites and Magneto- AGU, 45, 2004. sphere, Bagenal, F, T. Downing, and W. Juhasz, A., M. Horanyi, Seasonal variations in Sat- McKinnon, Eds., Cambridge University Press, urn's E ring, Geophys. Res. Lett. 31, L19703, 2004. 2004. Fontenla, J.M, J. Harder, G. Rottman, T. Woods, G. Kivelson, M.G., F. Bagenal, W.S. Kurth, F. M. M. Lawrence, and S. Davis, The Signature of Neubauer, C. Paranicas, and J. Saur, Chapter Solar Activity in the Infrared Spectral Irradi- 21 - Magnetospheric Interactions with Satel- ance, ApJ. Letters, 605, No. 1, 2004. lites, in Jupiter: The Planet, Satellites and Gao, R.S., et al., Evidence that nitric acid increases Magnetosphere, Fran Bagenal, Timothy Dowl- relative humidity in low-temperature cirrus ing, William McKinnon (eds), Cambridge Uni- clouds, Science, 303, 516-520, 2004. versity Press, 2004. Greeley, R., C. Chyba, J.W. Head, T. McCord, Klimas, A.M., V.M. Uritsky, D. Vassiliadis, and W.B. McKinnon, and R.T. Pappalardo, Geol- D.N. Baker, Reconnection and scale-free ava- ogy and geophysics of Europa, in Jupiter: The lanche in a driven current-sheet model, J. Geo- Planet, Satellites and magnetosphere, (eds: F. phys. Res., 109, A02218, doi: 10.1029/2003 Bagenal et al)., Cambridge University Press, JA010036, 2004. 2004. Krueger, H., M. Horanyi, S. Krivov and A. Graps, Green J. C., T. G. Onsager, T. P. O'Brien, and D. N. Jovian Dust: Streams, Clouds and Rings, in Ju- Baker, Testing loss mechanisms capable of piter: The Planet, Satellites and Magneto- rapidly depleting relativistic electron flux in sphere, Fran Bagenal, Timothy Dowling, Wil- the Earth's outer radiation belt, J. Geophys. liam McKinnon (eds), Cambridge University Res., 109, A12211, doi:10.1029/2004JA Press, 2004. 010579, 2004. Li, X., and M. Temerin, Real-time solar wind data Green, J.C., and M.G. Kivelson, Relativistic elec- from ACE make accurate forecasts of magnetic trons in the outer radiation belt: differentiating storms a reality, ACE News #86, 11/15/2004. between acceleration mechanisms, J. Geophys. Li, X., Variations of 0.7-6.0 MeV electrons at geo- Res., 109, doi: 10.1029/2003JA010153, 2004. synchronous orbit as a function of solar wind, Hallar, A.G., L.M. Avallone; R.L. Herman, B.E. Space Weather, The International Journal of Anderson, and A.J. Heymsfield, Measurements Research and Application, 2, No. 3, S03006 of Ice Water Content in Tropopause Region 10.1029/2003SW000017, 2004. Arctic Cirrus During the SAGE III Ozone Loss Lopez, R.E., D.N. Baker, and J.H. Allen, Sun un- and Validation Experiment (SOLVE), J. Geo- leashes Halloween Storm, Eos, 85, No. 11, phys. Res., 109, D17203, 10.1029/2003JD 105-108, 2004. 004348, 2004. Malin, M. C., J.F. Bell III, W. Calvin, R.T. Clancy, Horanyi, M., T. Hartquist, O. Havnes, D.A. R.M. Haberle, P.B. James, S.W. Lee, P.C. Mendis. G.E. Morfill, Dusty plasma effects in Thomas, M.A. Caplinger, The Mars Color Saturn's magnetosphere, Rev. Geophys., 42, Imager (MARCI) on the Mars Climate Orbiter, RG4002, doi:10.1029/2004RG000151, 2004 J. Geophys. Res., 106, 17651-17672, 2004. Horanyi, M., T. W. Hartquist, O. Havnes, D. A. Mitchell, C.J., J.E. Colwell, M. Horanyi, Dust cap- Mendis, and G. E. Morfill, Dusty plasma ef- ture by the Saturnian magnetosphere, IEEE fects in Saturn's magnetosphere, Rev. Geo- Trans. Plasma Science, 32, 598-600, 2004. phys., 42, RG4002, doi:10.1029/2004 Mitchell, C.J., J.E. Colwell, M. Horanyi, Dust cap- RG000151, 2004. ture by the Saturnian magnetosphere, IEEE Jakosky, B.M. and M.T. Mellon, Water on Mars Trans. Plasma Science, 32, No. 2, 598-600, Physics Today, 57, 71-76, 2004. 2004. Jakosky, B.M., The exploration of Mars, guest es- say in Universe, 7th ed., p. 286, (R.A. Freed-

Newman, D.L., et al., Reduced Vlasov simulations Robertson, D.S., M.C. McKenna, O.B. Toon, S. in higher dimensions, Comp. Phys. Comm., Hope, and J.A. Lillegraven, Survival in the first 164, 122, 2004. hours of the Cenezoic, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., Nimmo, F., R.T. Pappalardo, and C. Bader, Furrow 116, 760-768, 2004. flexure and heat flux on Ganymede, Geophys. Robertson, S., and Z. Sternovsky, Reduction of Res. Lett., 31, L19701, doi:10.1029/2004 asymmetry transport in the annular Penning GL020763, 2004. trap, Phys. Plasmas, 11, 1753-1756, 2004. Ohtsuki, K., A. Takahashi, and M. Sano, On the Robertson, S., B. Smiley, M. Horanyi, Z. Ster- Isotopic Fractionation of Terrestrial Xenon by novsky, J. Gumbel and J. Stegman, Rocket- Gravitational Separation Inside Porous borne probes for charged ionospheric aerosol Planetesimals with Size Distribution, Geo- particles, IEEE Trans. Plasma Science, 32, chemical Journal, 38, 455-460, 2004. 716-723, 2004. Ohtsuki, K., Formulation and Analytic Calculation Rottman, G.J., L. Floyd, and R. Viereck, Measure- for the Spin Angular Momentum of a Moonlet ment of the solar ultraviolet irradiance, Solar due to Inelastic Collisions of Ring Particles, Variability and Its Effect on the Earth's At- Earth Planets Space, 56, 909-919, 2004. mosphere and Climate System, ed. J. Pap, et Ohtsuki, K., On the Rotation of a Moonlet Embed- al., AGU Monograph 141, doi: 10.1029/ ded in Planetary Rings, Icarus, 172, 432-445, 141GM10, 2004. 2004. Saetre, C., J. Stadsnes, H. Nesse, A. Aksnes, S.M. Onsager, T. G., A. A. Chan, Y. Fei, S. R. Elking- Petrinec, C.A. Barth, D.N. Baker, and R.R. ton, The radial gradient of relativistic electrons Vondrak, Energetic electron precipitation and at geosynchronous orbit, J. Geophys. Res., 109, the NO abundance in the upper atmosphere – A A05221, doi:10.1029/2003JA010368, 2004. direct comparison during a geomagnetic storm, Pappalardo, R.T., and A.C. Barr, Origin of domes J. Geophys. Res., 109, doi: 10-1029/ on Europa: The role of thermal induced com- 2004JA010485, 2004. positional buoyancy, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, Sarris, T., and X. Li, Test-particle simulation of the L01701, doi: 10.1029/2003GL019202, 2004. injection region of energetic particles associ- Pappalardo, R.T., G.C. Collins, J.W. Head, P. ated with substorms, Proc. 7th International Helfenstein, T. McCord, J.M. Moore, L.M. Conference on Substorms, ISSN 0782-6079, Prockter, P.M. Schenk, and J. Spencer, Geol- 228-231, 2004. ogy of Ganymede, in Jupiter: The Planet, Satel- Schenk, P.M., and R.T. Pappalardo, Topographic lites and Magnetosphere, Fran Bagenal, Timo- variations in chaos on Europa: Implications for thy Dowling, William McKinnon (eds), Cam- diapiric formation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, bridge University Press, 2004. L16703, doi: 10.1029/2004GL019978, 2004. Pappalardo, R.T., Jupiter’s water worlds, Astron- Siscoe, G.L., W.J. Hughes, H.E. Spence, D.N. omy, 32 (1), 34-41, 2004. Baker, and R.W. Weigel, Roles of Empirical Pelkey, S.M., B.M. Jakosky, and P.R. Christensen, Modeling within CISM, J. Atmos. and Solar- Surficial properties in Gale Crater, Mars, from Terr. Physics, 66, 1481-1489, 2004. Mars Odyssey THEMIS data, Icarus, 167, 244- Snow, M., et al., Comet Hyakutake (C/1996 B2): 270, 2004. Spectacular disconnection event and the latitu- Pilewskie, P.A., Airborne measurements of areal dinal structure of the solar wind, Planet. and spectral surface albedo over different sea and Space Sci., 52, 313-323, 2004. land surfaces, J. Geophys. Res., 109 (D8), Spence, H., D.N. Baker, T. Guild, C.-L. Huang, G. 2004. Siscoe, and R. Weigel, CISM metrics plan and Pilewskie, P.A., Spectral absorption of solar radia- initial validation results, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. tion by aerosols during ACE-Asia, J. Geophys. Phys., 66, 1499-1507, 2004. Res., 109 (D19), 2004. Steffl, A.J., A.I.F. Stewart, and F. Bagenal, Cassini Rigler, E.J., D.N. Baker, R.S. Weigel, D. Vassili- UVIS observations of the Io Plasma Torus. I. adis, A.J. Klimas, Adaptive Linear Prediction Initial Results, Icarus, 172, 78-90, 2004. of Radiation Belt Electrons Using the Kalman Steffl, A.J., F. Bagenal, and A.I.F. Stewart, Cassini Filter, Space Weather, 2, doi:10.1029/2003 UVIS Observations of the Io Plasma Torus. II. SW000036, 2004. Radial Variations, Icarus, 172, 91-103, 2004.

Sternovsky, Z., and S. Robertson, Langmuir probe 31, L17S08, doi: 10.1029/2004GLO19859, interpretation for plasma with secondary elec- 2004. trons from the wall, Phys. Plasmas, 11, 3610, Trainer, M., et al., Haze aerosols in the atmosphere 2004. of early Earth: Manna from Heaven?, Astrobi- Sternovsky, Z., K. Downum and S. Robertson, ology, 4, 409-419, 2004. Numerical solutions to a kinetic model for the Vassiliadis, D., A.J. Klimas, S.F. Fung, D.N. Baker, plasma-sheath problem with charge exchange R.S. Weigel, and S. Kanekal, Structure and dy- collisions of ions, Phys. Rev., E, 70, 026408, namics of the electron radiation belts: Implica- 2004. tions for space weather modeling and forecast- Sternovsky, Z., M. Lampe, and S. Robertson, Orbit- ing, Effects of Space Weather on Technology ing ins in the Debye shielding cloud around Infrastructure, 43-64, (I.A. Daglis, ed.), Klu- dust particles in weakly collisional plasmas, wer, 2004. IEEE, Trans. Plasma Sci., 32, 632, 2004. Vassiliadis, D., R.S. Weigel, S.G. Kanekal, D.N. Sternovsky, Z., R.H. Holzworth, M. Horanyi, S.R. Baker, and A.J. Klimas, Probing the solar Robertson, Potential distribution around sound- wind-inner magnetosphere coupling: Valida- ing rockets in mesospheric layers with charged tion of relativistic electron flux models, J. At- aerosol particles, Geophys. Res. Lett., Vol. 31, mos. and Solar-Terr. Physics, 66, 1399-1409, No. 22, L22101, 10.1029/2004GL0209492004, 2004. 2004. Viereck, R. A., L. E. Floyd, P. C. Crane, T. N. Su, Y.-J, et al., Modeling of field-aligned electron Woods, B. G. Knapp, G. Rottman, M. Weber, bursts by dispersive Alfven waves in the day- L. C. Puga, G. de Toma, and M. T. DeLand, A side auroral region, J. Geophys. Res., 109, doi: composite Mg II index from 1978 to 2003, 10.1029/2003JA010344, 2004. Space Weather, 2, S10005, doi: 10.1029/ Thomas, N., F. Bagenal, T.W. Hill, and J.K. Wil- 2004SW000084, 2004. son, Chapter 23 - The Io Neutral Clouds and Weigel, R.S., and D.N. Baker, Probability distribu- Plasma Torus, in Jupiter: The Planet, Satellites tion invariance of 1-minute auroral-zone geo- and Magnetosphere, Fran Bagenal, Timothy magnetic field fluctuations, Geophys. Res. Dowling, William McKinnon (eds), Cambridge Lett., 30, 23, 2193, 2004. University Press, 2004. Weigel, R.S., D.N. Baker, D. Vassiliadis, and E.J. Thomas. G.E., Are Noctilucent Clouds Harbingers Rigler, Predictability of geomagnetic meas- of Global Change in the Middle Atmosphere?, urements based on solar wind conditions, Accepted for Publication: Advances in Space IEEE, Transactions on Plasma Science, 32, 4, Research, 2004. 2004. Thuillier, G., L. Floyd, T. N. Woods, R. Cebula, E. Woods, T.N., et al., Solar extreme ultraviolet and Hilsenrath, M. Hersé, and D. Labs, Solar irra- X-ray irradiance variations, Geophys. Monogr. diance reference spectra for two solar active 141, doi: 10.1029/141GM11, 2004. levels, Adv. Space Res., 34, 256-261, 2004. Woods, T.N., et al., Solar Irradiance Variability Thuillier, G., T. N. Woods, L. E. Floyd, R. Cebula, During the October 2003 Solar Storm period, M. Hersé, and D. Labs, Reference solar spectra Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, doi: 10.1029/ during solar cycle 22, in Solar Variability and 2004GL019571, 2004. Its Effect on Climate, eds. J. Pap, C. Fröhlich, Zong, Q.-G., T.A. Fritz, S.Y. Fu, D.N. Baker, et al., H. Hudson, J. Kuhn, J. McCormack, G. North, Cluster observations of earthward flowing W. Sprig, and S. T. Wu, Geophys. Monograph plasmoid in the tail, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, Series, 141, Wash. DC, pp. 171-194, 2004. L18803, doi: 10.1029/2004GL020692, 2004. Trainer, M., et al., Chemical composition of Titan’s haze: Are PAHs present?, Geophys. Res. Lett.,

Papers Presented at Scientific Meetings

24 Avallone, L.M., In-situ measurements of halogen Baker, D.N., Cluster observations of magneto- oxides at high latitude surface sites, NASA spheric substorms in the mid-tail region, In- Ames Earth Science seminar, 3 June 2004. vited Seminar, U. of Maryland, College Park, 1 Avallone, L.M., Measurements from in-service air- June 2004. craft: What are the possibilities? Proceedings Baker, D.N., Comparative magnetosphere studies of the SOFIA Upper Deck Science Workshop, using the JMEX program, NASA Headquarters NASA Ames Research Center, 22-23 June presentation, 2 November 2004. 2004. Baker, D.N., Electron lifetimes in the slot region Avallone, L.M., Ozone chemistry in the High- and inner zone during late 2003, GEM Work- Latitude Boundary layer, Crary Technical Lec- shop, Snowmass Village, CO, 20-25 June ture Series, McMurdo, Antarctica, 27 October 2004. 2004. Baker, D.N., Empirical and Forecast Modeling, Avallone, L.M., Stratospheric Ozone Depletion, CISM Site Visit, Boston University, Boston, McMurdo Sunday night Science Lecture Se- MA, 25 May 2004. ries, 10 October 2004. Baker, D.N., Energetic particle measurement results Bagenal, F., D.N. Baker, A. Charo, Space science in the Cluster program, Cluster Science work- budgets and the Exploration Vision, Office of shop, U. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 28 Science and Technology Policy briefing, New September 2004. Executive Office Building Washington, DC, 27 Baker, D.N., From Explorer I to the Exploration October 2004. Vision: Space Weather and the Space Envi- Bagenal, F., J.L. Burch, D.N. Baker, A. Charo, ronment, Invited lecture, Van Allen Day Sym- Space physics and the NASA Exploration vi- posium, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 9 sion, Briefing to U.S. Congress staff, Capitol October 2004. Hill, Washington, DC, 27 October 2004. Baker, D.N., Impacts of space weather on space- Bailey, S., T. Woods, E. Rodgers, S. Solomon, and craft, Space Weather Week, Space Environ- F. Eparvier, Observations of the solar soft X- ment Center, NOAA, Boulder, CO 13-16 ray irradiance by the Student Nitric Oxide Ex- April, 2004. plorer (SNOE), COSPAR-TIGER Symposium, Baker, D.N., J.C. Green, H.W. Kroehl, E. Kihn, and C1.2-0003-04, INVITED, 2004. The VIRBO Team, A virtual radiation belt ob- Bailey, S.N., C.A. Barth, D.N. Baker, E.M. Rod- servatory: Looking forward to the electronic gers, and J. Yonker, The observed response of geophysical year, COSPAR, 35th Scientific As- the lower thermosphere to solar energetic in- sembly, Paris, France, 18-25 July, 2004. puts, Living With a Star Meeting, Boulder, Baker, D.N., LASP and the Solar Dynamics Obser- CO, March 2004. vatory program, SDO Team Meeting, Boulder, Baker, D.N. and W.E. McClintock, Exploring Mer- CO 28 June 2004. cury’s surface-exosphere-space system during Baker, D.N., LASP Ground-breaking Ceremony the MESSENGER Mission, COSPAR, 35th Remarks, U. of Colorado, Boulder, 12 May Scientific Assembly, Paris, France, 18-25 July, 2004. 2004. Baker, D.N., N. Farr, J. Green, S. Monk, and T. Baker, D.N., Acceleration and distortion of the Fritz, CLUSTER measurements of energetic outer radiation belt during the Halloween 2003 electron bursts in the context of global mul- storms, GEM Workshop, Snowmass Village, tispacecraft observations: The telescope- CO, 20-25 June 2004. microscope combination, Fall AGU Meeting, Baker, D.N., and H.E. Spence, Inner magneto- San Francisco, CA, 13-17 December 2004. sphere variations during the October 2003 Baker, D.N., Present plans and future directions for storm, Invited talk, Yosemite 2004 Conference, the CSSP, Committee on Solar and Space Yosemite National Park, CA, 6 February 2004. Physics, National Academy of Sciences, Wash- Baker, D.N., Cluster measurements of space plas- ington, DC, 28 October 2004. mas in the context of global in situ and remote Baker, D.N., Present status and future challenges of sensing observations: The telescope- modeling the Sun-Earth end-to-end system, microscope combination, COSPAR, 35th Scien- Challenges to Modeling the Sun-Earth System, tific Assembly, Paris, France, 18-25 July, Huntsville, AL, 18-22 October, 2004. 2004.

Baker, D.N., S. Kanekal, J. Blake, and J. Allen, Ra- Baker, D.N., The Living With a Star MOWG Per- diation Belt responses to the solar storms of spective, SECAS Meeting, NASA HQ, October-November 2003, Spring AGU Meet- Washington, DC, 10 March 2004. ing, Montreal, Canada, May 2004. Baker, D.N., The October-November 2003 Solar Baker, D.N., S.G. Kanekal, J.B. Blake, and J.H. Al- Storms and Their Effects on Spacecraft, Air len, Radiation belt responses to the solar Force Technical Applications Center, Cocoa storms of October-November 2003 and the ef- Beach, FL, 25 February 2004. fects on satellite operation, Western Pacific Baker, D.N., The Science Operation Center (SOC) Geophysics Meeting, Honolulu, HI, 16-20 for the MMS mission, MMS Site Visit Brief- August, 2004. ing, Southwest Research Institute, San Anto- Baker, D.N., S.G. Kanekal, J.B. Blake, and J.H. Al- nio, TX, 30 November 2004. len, Radiation belt responses to the solar Baker, D.N., The Solar and Space Physics Re- storms of October-November 2003, Spring sponse to the NASA Exploration Vision, Space AGU Meeting, Montreal, Canada, 17-21 May Studies Board Presentation, National Academy 2004. of Sciences, Irvine, CA, 18 November 2004. Baker, D.N., S.P. Monk, S.G. Kanekal, X. Li, J. Baker, D.N., The Space Physics Program Overview Goldstein, and J.L. Burch, Acceleration and for the LWS/MOWG, NASA HQ, Washington, extreme distortion within the Van Allen radia- DC, 10 May 2004. tion belts during the “Halloween” solar storms Baker, D.N., The substorm growth phase; Relation- of 2004, Fall AGU Meeting, San Francisco, ships between Bursty Bulk Flows (BBFs), CA, 13-17 December 2004. pseudobreakups, and substorms, International Baker, D.N., SPA Overview, Spring AGU Meeting, Conference on Substorms-7, Helsinki, Finland, Montreal, Canada, 17-21 May 2004. 23 March, 2004. Baker, D.N., Space environment effects of the solar Baker, D.N., Update on the October-November events of October-November 2003, LASP Sci- 2003 Solar storm, Satellite Systems Review ence Seminar, U. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 7 Panel, Air Force Technical Applications Cen- October 2004. ter, Cocoa Beach, FL, 7 December 2004. Baker, D.N., Space weather: Space environmental Barnes, S., A. Peregoedova, D.N. Baker, and W.D. threats to human technology, Director’s Collo- Maier, Incongruent melting of monosulfide quium, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los solid solution and its implications for fractiona- Alamos, NM, 2 December 2004. tion of the platinum-group elements during Baker, D.N., Status of Knowledge Transfer and partial melting of the mantle, Spring AGU empirical modeling efforts in CISM, CISM All Meeting, Montreal, Canada, 17-21 May 2004. Hands Meeting, Boston, MA, 20 September Barton, C., D. Baker, B. Fraser, V. Papitashvili, A. 2004. Rodger, B. Thompson, J. Allen, B. Arora, D. Baker, D.N., The Earth’s Safe Zone Became Hot Kerridge, and Y. Kamide, The electronic Geo- Zone During Halloween 2003 Storms, NASA physical Year (eGY) 2007-2008, Spring AGU Space Science Update Presentation, Fall AGU Meeting, Montreal, Canada, 17-21 May 2004. Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 13-17 December Barton, Charles, D.N. Baker, and V. Papitashvili, 2004. IGY + 50, the IPY, and the electronic Geo- Baker, D.N., The eGY: Present status and future di- physical Year (eGY), Fall AGU Meeting, San rections, Electronic Geophysical Year Planning Francisco, CA, 13-17 December 2004. Meeting, Boulder, CO, 3 September 2004. Chamberlin, P., T. N. Woods, and F. G. Eparvier, Baker, D.N., The electronic Geophysical Year Flare Irradiance Spectral Model (FISM): a (eGY) Concept, Invited seminar, National model of solar vacuum ultraviolet irradiance Geophysical Data Center, NOAA Laboratories, over time scales from flares to solar cycles, Fall Boulder, CO, 21 January 2004. AGU Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 13-17 De- Baker, D.N., The electronic Geophysical Year, In- cember, 2004. ternational Heliospherical Year (IHY) Planning Elkington, S.R., M.J. Wiltberger, A.A. Chan, D.N. Workshop, National Solar Observatory, Sun- Baker, and Y. Fei, Investigation of the origin spot, NM, 21 April 2004. and characteristics of ULF waves driven by the solar wind, Fall AGU Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 13-17 December 2004.

Elkington, S.R., T.E. Sarris, D.N. Baker, Character- and J.A. Davies, Energetic electron morphol- istics of the march 31, 2001 substorm injection ogy in the central mid-tail plasma sheet, Spring front, Spring AGU Meeting, Montreal, Canada, AGU Meeting, Montreal, Canada, 17-21 May 17-21 May 2004. 2004. Eparvier, F. G., and T. N. Woods, Calibration of the Green, J.C., D.N. Baker, H.W. Kroehl, E.A. Kihn, solar EUV spectral irradiance instruments J.B. Blake, J.F. Fennell, G.D. Reeves, R.H.W. aboard the TIMED and SDO satellites, Friedel, S.F. Fung, R.E. McGuire, G.M. Ma- COSPAR-TIGER Symposium, C1.2-0007-04, son, S.G. Kanekal, E.J. Rigler, S.R. Elkington, INVITED, 2004. and R.S. Weigel, Vision for a Virtual Radiation Ergun, R.E., Characteristics of electron phase-space Belt Observatory (ViRBO), Space Weather holes observed by FAST, ISSI workshop on Week, Space Environment Center, NOAA, Nonlinear Plasma Waves, Bern, Switzerland, Boulder, CO 13-16 April, 2004. 2004. Green, J.C., D.N. Baker, H.W. Kroehl, E.A. Kihn, Ergun, R.E., Double layers, electron holes, and J.F. Fennell, J.B. Blake, G.D. Reeves, R.H. VLF saucers, Ringberg Workshop on Waves Friedel, R.E. McGuire, S.F. Fung, S.G. Ka- and Radiation in Geospace, Max Plank Insti- nekal, G.M. Mason, E.J. Rigler, R.S. Weigel, tute, Germany, 2004. and S.R. Elkington, Vision for a Virtual Radia- Ergun, R.E., et al., Auroral particle acceleration by tion Belt Observatory (VIRBO), Spring AGU strong double layers: The upward current re- Meeting, Montreal, Canada, 17-21 May 2004. gion, Winckler Symposium, U. of Minnesota, Grün, E., Srama, R., Rachev, M., Srowig, A., Har- Minneapolis, 2004. ris, D., Conlon, T., Auer, S., Horanyi, M., Ergun, R.E., et al., Auroral particle acceleration by Sternovsky, Z., and Amyx, K., Development of strong double layers: The upward current re- an Advanced Dust Telescope, DPS Meeting, gion, Spring AGU Meeting, Montreal, Canada, 2004. 17-21 May 2004. Halford, A.J., R.S. Weigel, and D.N. Baker, Sensi- Erikkson, S., M. Oieroset, D.N. Baker, C. Mouikis, tivity tests of the Temerin-Li Dst Model, Fall M.W. Dunlop, C. Cully, H. Reme, A. Balough, AGU Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 13-17 De- R.E. Ergun, and M. Andre, Walen analysis ap- cember 2004. plied to high-speed flows of the near-Earth Halford, Alexa, D.N. Baker, et al., A closer look at magnetotail in connection with substorms, In- the DST, GEM Workshop, Snowmass Village, ternational Conference on Substorms-7, Hel- CO, 20-25 June 2004. sinki, Finland, March, 2004. Harder, J., J. Fontenla, S. Davis, G. Rottman, T. Farr, N., D. Baker, S. Elkington, S. Monk, M. Wilt- Woods, and O. White, Solar irradiance varia- berger, T. Fritz, and J. Blake, Cluster meas- tions in the visible and infrared - observations urements in the context of global modeling and and model calculations, COSPAR-TIGER observations, Spring AGU Meeting, Montreal, Symposium, D2.1/C2.2/E3.1-0010-04, 2004. Canada, May 2004. Horanyi, M., Hartquist, T. W., Havnes, O., Mendis, Farr, N., D.N. Baker, S.R. Elkington, S. Monk, M. D. A., and Morfill, G. E., Dusty Plasma Effects Wiltberger, T.A. Fritz, and J.B. Blake, Cluster in Saturn's Rings, Fall AGU Meeting, San measurements in the context of global model- Francisco, CA, 13-17 December, 2004. ing and observations, Spring AGU Meeting, Horanyi, M., Z. Sternovsky, R. H. Holzworth and Montreal, Canada, 17-21 May 2004. S. Robertson, Potential distribution around Farr, N.L., D.N. Baker, J.C. Green, S.P. Monk, M.J. sounding rockets in mesospheric layers with Wiltberger, and T.A. Fritz, A multi-satellite charged aerosol particles, International Work- view of the recovery phase of substorms, Fall shop on Layered Phenomena in the Mesopause AGU Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 13-17 Region (LPMR), Cambridge, U.K., Sept. 15- December 2004. 18, 2004. Farr, Nathan, D.N. Baker, et al., A Multi-satellite Horanyi, Mihaly, Dust Plasma Interaction in Sat- view of substorms during the Cluster 2002 tail urn's Magnetosphere, Saturn Universe: Cassini season, GEM Workshop, Snowmass Village, Workshop, Capri, Italy, 2004 (Invited). CO, 20-25 June 2004. Horanyi, Mihaly, Dusty Plasma Effects on the sur- Friedel, R.H., S.P. Monk, M.G. Taylor, G.D. faces of the Moon and Mars, Fall AGU Meet- Reeves, D. Baker, P.W. Daly, M.W. Dunlop, 27

ing, San Francisco, CA, 13-17 December 2004 model, International Conference on Substorms- (Invited). 7, Helsinki, Finland, March 2004. Jakosky, B.M., and E. CoBabe-Ammann, Educat- Klimas, A., V. Uritsky, D. Vassiliadis, and D.N. ing and informing the public in astrobiology Baker, Susceptibility divergence at the mean- through educating and informing science jour- field SOC limit in a 2-D driven current-sheet nalists, Astrobiology Science Conf., model, Fall AGU Meeting, San Francisco, CA, NASA/Ames Res. Ctr., 2004. 13-17 December 2004. Jakosky, B.M., and M.T. Mellon, Mars ground ice: Li, X., CLUSTER observation and test-particle Stability at the present epoch at low and mid simulation of a substorm on Aug 27, 2001, latitudes and implications for astrobiology, As- THEMIS Team Meeting Space Sciences Lab, trobiology Science Conf., NASA/Ames Res. UC Berkeley, 18 December 2004. Ctr., 2004. Li, X., D.N. Baker, W. Peterson, and H. Singer, Jakosky, Bruce, Astrobiology, science, and relig- Simulation of energetic particle injections as- ion, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 4 Oc- sociated with a substorm on August 27, 2001, tober 2004. International Conference on Substorms-7, Hel- Jakosky, Bruce, Astrobiology, science, and relig- sinki, Finland, March, 2004. ion, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, 5 No- Li, X., Dst prediction and analysis for the GEM vember 2004. IMS challenge storms, Geospace Environment Jakosky, Bruce, Liquid water and the potential Modeling Workshop, Snowmass, CO, 21-25 habitability of Mars, Lamont-Doherty Earth June 2004. Observatory, 5 November 2004. Li, X., Dst prediction and radiation belt electron Jakosky, Bruce, Liquid water and the potential dynamics during lat Halloween storm 31sst habitability of Mars, Boston University, 19 October 2003, Geospace Environment Model- November 2004. ing Workshop, Snowmass, CO, 21-25 June Jakosky, Bruce, The habitability of Mars, Univ. of 2004. Arkansas, 8 March 2004. Li, X., Extreme solar wind conditions and extreme Jakosky, Bruce, Thermophysical properties of the response of the Earth’s magnetosphere, Fall MER landing sites on Mars, SouthWest Re- AGU Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 13-17 De- search Institute, Boulder, 17 February 2004. cember 2004. Jakosky, Bruce, Thermophysical properties of the Li, X., Magnetospheric responses to extreme solar MER landing sites on Mars, Carnegie Institu- wind conditions and Dst prediction for Octo- tion of Washington, 3 March 2004. ber-November, Spring AGU Meeting, Mont- Jakosky, G.M., Mars as the cornerstone in under- real, Canada, 17-21 May 2004. standing planetary habitability, American As- Li, X., Magnetospheric responses to extreme solar tronomical Soc., 2004 (Invited). wind conditions and prediction of the Dst in- Kamide, Y., D.N. Baker, B. Thompson, C. Barton, dex based on solar wind measurements, and E. Kihn, Looking forward to the electronic Huntsville 2004 Workshop, AL, 18-22 October Geophysical Year, Fall AGU Meeting, San 2004. Francisco, CA, 13-17 December 2004. Li, X., Parametric study of shock-induced transport Kanekal, S.G., R.S. Selesnick, D.N. Baker, and J.B. and energization of relativistic electrons in the Blake, Characterizing relativistic electrons flux magnetosphere, Asia Oceania Geosciences So- enhancement events using sensors onboard ciety, Singapore, 5-9 July 2004. SAMPEX and POLAR, Fall AGU Meeting, Li, X., Predicting radiation belt electron fluxes and San Francisco, CA, 13-17 December 2004. space weather implications, Spring AGU Meet- Kempf, S., Srama, R., Horányi, M., Burton, M., ing, Montreal, Canada, 17-21 May 2004. Moragas-Klostermeyer, G., Roy, M., and Grün, Li, X., Prediction of the Dst index using solar wind E., Stream Particles as Messengers from Sat- a the only input and the implication, Yosemite urn's Rings, Fall AGU Meeting, San Francisco, Workshop on Inner Magnetosphere Interac- CA, 13-17 December, 2004. tions, Yosemite National Park, CA, 3-6 Febru- Klimas, A., V. Uritsky, D. Vassiliadis, and D.N. ary 2004. Baker, Scale-free avalanching and a loading- Li, X., The evolution of dispersionless injection unloading cycle in a driven current-sheet boundary during substorms and its association with sawtooth events, Geospace Environment

Modeling Workshop, Snowmass, CO, 21-25 Qian, L., S. C. Solomon, R. G. Roble, F. A. Marcos, June 2004. and T. N. Woods, Modeling of thermospheric Li, X., The predictability of the Earth’s magneto- density variations using solar EUV measure- sphere and space weather implication, Chinese ments Spring AGU Meeting, Montreal, Can- Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 17 May 2004. ada, 17-21 May 2004. Li, X., The predictability of the magnetosphere and Rigler, E.J., D.N. Baker, and R.S. Weigel, Linear space weather, Asia Oceania Geosciences So- state-space-based predictions of radiation belt ciety, Singapore, 5-9 July 2004. electrons with the extended Kalman Filter, Li, X., The predictability of the magnetosphere and COSPAR, 35th Scientific Assembly, Paris, space weather, Korean Space Science Society France, 18-25 July, 2004. Fall Meeting, Jeju, 26-27 October 2004. Robertson, S., and Z. Sternovsky, particle and en- Li, X., Variations of radiation belt electrons as a ergy balance in low-density plasma discharges, function of solar wind: Their prediction and American Physical Society, Division of Plasma physical mechanisms, Asia Oceania Geo- Physics, Savannah, GA, 15-19 November sciences Society, Singapore, 5-9 July 2004. 2004. Lu, G., A. D. Richmond, D. S. Evans, J. U. Kozyra, Rottman, G., T. Woods, and W. McClintock, T. N. Woods, S. C. Solomon, and R. Skoug, SORCE Solar UV Irradiance Results, Global energy partition during superstorms, COSPAR-TIGER Symposium, C1.2-0002-04, Fall AGU Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 13-17 INVITED, 2004. December, 2004. Rottman, G., T. Woods, G. Kopp, W. McClintock, Mace, G., L. Avallone, et al., Comparison of in-situ M. Snow, J. Fontenla, and J. Harder, Irradiance cirrus cloud water path and optical depth observations of the October 28, 2003 X-17 measurements with MODIS retrievals, Pro- flare Spring AGU Meeting, Montreal, Canada, ceedings of SPIE International Asia-Pacific 17-21 May 2004. Symposium Remote Sensing of the Atmos- Russell, J.M., M.G. Mlynczak, C.J. Mertens, L.L. phere, Environment, and Space, November Gordley, R.H. Picard, J. Winick, P. Winter- 2004. steiner, R. Garcia, D.E. Siskind, M. Lopiz- Mason, G., and D.N. Baker, The SAMPEX Mis- Puertas, E.E. Remsberg, and D.N. Baker, sion, NASA HQ, Washington, DC, 27 May Hemispheric differences and evolution of the 2004. cold summer mesopause observed by the McClintock, W.E., and D.N. Baker, Exploring SABER experiment on the TIMED Satellite, Mercury’s surface-ionosphere-space environ- Fall AGU Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 13-17 ment system during the MESSENGER mis- December 2004. sion, Spring AGU Meeting, Montreal, Canada, Saetre, C., D.N. Baker, C.A. Barth, J. Stadsnes, N. 17-21 May 2004. Ostgaard, A. Aksnes, H. Nesse, and S. M. Mitchell, C. J., Colwell, J. E., and Horanyi, M., Petrinec, Direct comparisons of energetic elec- Tenuous Ring of Captured Dust at Saturn, Fall tron precipitation and nitric oxide in the upper AGU Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 13-17 De- atmosphere during geomagnetic storms, Fall cember, 2004. AGU Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 13-17 De- Mitchell, C. J., Colwell, J. E., and Horanyi, M., cember 2004. Tenuous Ring of Captured Dust at Saturn DPS Schmidtke, G., F. G. Eparvier, S. Solomon, W. K. Meeting, 2004. Tobiska, and T. N. Woods, Introduction to the Presicci, M.R., D.N. Baker, E.J. Rigler and R.S. TIGER (Thermospheric/Ionospheric Geo- Weigel, Electron flux prediction in the radia- spheric Research) Program, COSPAR-TIGER tion belt using autoregressive models with op- Symposium, C1.2-0001-04, 2004. tionally-estimated coefficients, GEM Work- Smiley, B., M. Rapp, T. A. Blix, S. Robertson, M. shop, Snowmass Village, CO, 20-25 June Horanyi, R. Latteck and J. Fiedler, The charge 2004. and size distribution of mesospheric aerosol Presicci, M.R., D.N. Baker, E.J. Rigler, and R.S. particles measured inside NLC and PMSE dur- Weigel, Electron flux prediction in the radia- ing MIDAS MacWAVE 2002, International tion belt via autoregressive models with solar Workshop on Layered Phenomena in the wind drivers, Fall AGU Meeting, San Fran- Mesopause Region (LPMR), Cambridge, U.K., cisco, CA, 13-17 December 2004. Sept. 15-18, 2004 29

Snow, M., W. McClintock, G. Rottman, and T. N. ternational Conference on Substorms-7, Hel- Woods, Solar flares in the UV from SORCE sinki, Finland, March, 2004. SOLSTICE, Spring AGU Meeting, Montreal, Tsurutani, B. T., D. L. Judge, A. R. Jones, F. L. Canada, 17-21 May 2004. Guarniere, G. A. Zambon, P. Gangopadhyay, Solomon, S. C., G. Lu, L. Aian, A. D. Richmond, M. Harmon, J. Nuttall, D. E. Shemansky, A. and T. N. Woods, Modeling the thermo- Mannucci, G. Iijima, G. Hajj, T. N. Woods, L. sphere/ionosphere response to large solar flares Floyd, R. R. Meier, J. Huba, S. C. Solomon, S. and geomagnetic storms Spring AGU Meeting, Mende, T. J. Immel, J. U. Kozyra, and J. Pap, Montreal, Canada, 17-21 May 2004. The extreme solar flares of October 28th and Spence, H.E., D.N. Baker, A. Burns, T. Guild, C. November 4th, 2003 and resultant extreme Huang, G. Siscoe, and R. Weigel, CISM met- ionospheric effects, Spring AGU Meeting, rics plan and initial model validation results, Montreal, Canada, 17-21 May 2004. Spring AGU Meeting, Montreal, Canada, 17- Vassiliadis, D., A.J. Klimas, D.N. Baker, and R.S. 21 May 2004. Weigel, Magnetospheric relativistic electron Spence, H.E., D.N. Baker, A. Burns, T. Guild, C.- response to solar wind and IMF: Dependence L. Huang, G. Siscoe, and R. Weigel, The Cen- on activity level, GEM Workshop, Snowmass ter for Integrated Space Weather Modeling Village, CO, 20-25 June 2004. Metrics Plan, Space Weather Week, Space En- Wang, X., R. Eastes, S. Bailey, C. Valladares, T. vironment Center, NOAA, Boulder, CO 13-16 Woods, Dependence of daytime equatorial April, 2004. electron densities on the solar soft x-ray flux, Sternovsky, Z., M. Horanyi, and S. Robertson, Spring AGU Meeting, Montreal, Canada, 17-21 Rocket-borne instrument to detect charged May 2004. smoke and cloud particles in the mesosphere, Weigel, R.S., and D.N. Baker, CISM Forecast International Workshop on Layered Phenom- Model, Space Weather Week, Space Environ- ena in the Mesopause Region (LPMR), Cam- ment Center, NOAA, Boulder, CO 13-16 bridge, U.K., Sept. 15-18, 2004. April, 2004. Sternovsky, Z., M. Horanyi, and S. Robertson, Weigel, R.S., and D.N. Baker, Geomagnetic vari- Rocket-borne instrument to detect charged ability around substorm onset, International smoke and cloud particles in the mesosphere, Conference on Substorms-7, Helsinki, Finland, Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of March, 2004. the American Physical Society, Savannah, Weigel, R.S., D.N. Baker, E.J. Rigler, and D. Vas- Nov. 15-19, 2004. siliadis, Evaluation of solar wind coupling to Sternovsky, Z., M. Horányi, and S. Robertson, surface magnetic fields, Spring AGU Meeting, Rocket-borne instrument to detect charged Montreal, Canada, 17-21 May 2004. smoke and cloud particles in the mesosphere, Weigel, R.S., M. Wiltberger, D. Vassiliadis, M. Fall AGU Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 13-17 Gehmeyr, and D.N. Baker, The CISM data ex- December, 2004. plorer and forecast model, GEM Workshop, Sternovsky, Z., R. H. Holzworth, M. Horányi and Snowmass Village, CO, 20-25 June 2004. S. Robertson, Potential distribution around Wheeler, P., and Z. Sternovsky, The solution of the sounding rockets in mesospheric layers with collisional plasma-sheath model in cylindrical charged aerosol particles, Fall AGU Meeting, geometry, American Physical Society, Division San Francisco, CA, 13-17 December, 2004. of Plasma Physics, Savannah, GA, 15-19 No- Sternovsky, Z., S. Robertson, and M. Horányi, vember 2004. Rocket-borne instrument to detect charged Woods, T. N. and F. G. Eparvier, Solar ultraviolet smoke and cloud particles in the mesospheric variability during the TIMED mission, region, 31st International Conference on COSPAR-TIGER Symposium, C1.2-0004-04, Plasma Science, Baltimore, MD, June 28-July 2004. 1, 2004. Woods, T. N., F. G. Eparvier, and P. Chamberlin, Taylor, M., R. Elphic, R. Friedel, G. Reeves, M. Solar ultraviolet variability during the TIMED Henderson, M. Thomsen, D.N. Baker, J. Birn, mission, Fall AGU Meeting, San Francisco, I. Rae, J. Slavin, and the Beam Team, A mac- CA, 13-17 December, 2004. roscopic/microscopic view of a substorm, In- Woods, T., Variability of the Solar XUV Irradiance from the SORCE XPS, SORCE Workshop:

Decadal Variability in the Sun and Climate, trieval algorithms for the retrieval of cirrus mi- Meredith, NH, 27-29 Oct 2004. crophysical properties using radar, lidar and Woods, T., Variation of the Bright Solar Lyman- radiometer observations applicable to satellite, Alpha Emission: Estimation of the UV De- airborne, and ground-based platforms, Pro- crease During the Maunder Minimum, SORCE ceedings of the 13th Conference on Satellite Workshop: Decadal Variability in the Sun and Meteorology and Oceanography, American Climate, Meredith, NH, 27-29 Oct 2004. Meteorological Society, Norfolk, VA, Septem- Yee, J., E. R. Talaat, J. U. Kozyra, L. J. Paxton, A. ber 2004. Christensen, J. M. Russell, M. G. Mlynczak, S. Zong, Q., T.A. Fritz, S. Fu, Z. Pu, D.N. Baker, H. Solomon, T. Killeen, G. Crowley, R. Heelis, C. Zhang, A. Lui, K. Blassmeier, A. Korth, P. H. Jackman, T. Woods, R. Roble, Q. Wu, J. Daly, A. Balogh, and H. Reme, Cluster obser- Thayer, J. Foster, C Hackert, Atmospheric ef- vations of earthward flowing plasmoid in the fects of the October-November 2003 storms, tail, Fall AGU Meeting, San Francisco, CA, Spring AGU Meeting, Montreal, Canada, 17-21 13-17 December 2004. May 2004. Zhang, Y., G.G. Mace, M. McGill, L. Avallone, and E. Weinstock, Formulation of a suite of re-