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EPS Body Worn Video (BWV) Pilot Project Has Involved Input and Support from Many EPS and External Stakeholders As Well As Other Policing Agencies

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EPS Body Worn Video (BWV) Pilot Project Has Involved Input and Support from Many EPS and External Stakeholders As Well As Other Policing Agencies Body Worn Video: Considering the Evidence Final Report of the Edmonton Police Service Body Worn Video Pilot Project June 2015 Acknowledgements The EPS Body Worn Video (BWV) Pilot Project has involved input and support from many EPS and external stakeholders as well as other policing agencies. The EPS BWV team gratefully acknowledges all contributions. A very special thank you is due to the sworn EPS members participating in the pilot by wearing the BWV devices during their policing duties. Each participating member also took part in an in-depth interview providing rich and vital data for the overall assessment of this technology. Particular thanks also to the EPS BWV project coordinator and researcher, Dr. Mary Stratton; Security Management Branch Director Peter Clissold and his technical team; the Body Worn Video Advisory Group; Corporate Communications; Legal Advisors Section; Professional Standards Branch; and the Tactics Training Unit. We appreciate the time of over 300 citizens who answered our public opinion survey and the sworn EPS members who completed the survey for non-BWV users. Many sworn and non-sworn members also took time to pass on articles they discovered about BWV. Thirteen police agencies in Canada and internationally contributed information to the Analytical Literature Review which appears as an appendix to this report. Every contribution has assisted the EPS BWV project team in bringing together rich data upon which this report is based. This project was partially funded through the Canadian Police Research Centre and continued under the Canadian Safety and Security Program, which is a federal program led by Defence Research and Development Canada’s Centre for Security Science, in partnership with Public Safety Canada. Thank you also to various BWV vendors for responses to our inquiries throughout this project. 1 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................ 5 1. OPERATIONAL FINDINGS ................................................................. 12 1.1. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 12 1.2. The BWV Devices ............................................................................................... 14 1.3. Systematic and Secure Data Management ......................................................... 24 1.4. BWV Audio-Video Quality ................................................................................... 27 1.5. Using BWV: EPS Pilot Members’ Experiences .................................................. 34 1.6. Using BWV: Opinions of Non-User EPS Members ............................................. 51 1.7. BWV and Complaints to EPS .............................................................................. 54 1.8. Use of Force at EPS ........................................................................................... 61 2. THE IMPACT OF BWV ON THE PUBLIC ............................................ 67 2.1. Aggression and Rudeness .................................................................................. 67 2.2. Citizen Compliance with Police ........................................................................... 70 2.3. Talking to Police .................................................................................................. 71 2.4. Public Objections to BWV Recording .................................................................. 72 3. BWV: LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS, THE COURTS AND CROWN PROSECUTORS .................................................................................. 74 3.1. BWV and the Courts: Members’ Experiences ..................................................... 77 3.2. Potential Disclosure Issues ................................................................................. 79 3.3. Unanswered Questions about the BWV and the Court Process ......................... 80 4. POLICY AND PROCEDURES FOR USING BWV ............................... 81 4.1. Development of Policy and Procedure for the EPS Pilot ..................................... 81 4.2. Procedural Issues and Questions from Operational Practice .............................. 82 5. BWV TRAINING: PLANNING AND RESOURCING............................. 85 5.1 Training and Development Issues ........................................................................ 86 5.2. Scope and Content of BWV Training .................................................................. 87 6. COSTS AND RESOURCES ................................................................. 91 7. REFERENCES ..................................................................................... 94 2 APPENDIX A: LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................... 98 A1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 100 A2. Sources and Review Approach ...................................................................... 100 A3. BWV – The Way of The Future? BWV ........................................................... 101 A4. Information or Evidence? Examining The Sources ......................................... 102 A5. The BWV Promise for Policing: Manufacturer’s Claims .................................. 104 A5.1 Technical Specifications .................................................................................... 104 A5.2 Operational Value .............................................................................................. 104 A6. BWV The Inevitability for Policing: Media Excitement ...................................... 99 A7: BWV and Policing: Testing and Operational Evidence .................................. 101 A7.1 Australia ............................................................................................................ 102 A7.2 Canada .............................................................................................................. 104 A7.3 United Kingdom ................................................................................................. 118 A7.4 United States ..................................................................................................... 126 A8. Legal Considerations ...................................................................................... 135 A9. Policy and Procedure Guidelines ................................................................... 137 A10. Summary of Analytical Conclusions ............................................................ 139 A11. Bibliography of References and Additional Sources ................................... 143 APPENDIX B: EPS BWV PRIVACY IMPACT ASSESSMENT .............. 156 APPENDIX C: EPS LEGAL OPINION ON BWV .................................... 166 APPENDIX D: BWV DETAILED METHODOLOGY ............................... 168 EPS Body Worn Video Pilot Project: Background .................................................... 169 Assessment and Evaluation Approach .................................................................... 169 In Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 180 APPENDIX E: TECHNICAL REVIEW .................................................. 182 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 183 Selection of BWV Technology for Testing ................................................................ 183 Device Functionality ................................................................................................. 189 Video Quality ............................................................................................................ 191 Data Management Software .................................................................................... 192 3 Security Considerations ........................................................................................... 199 Device Management: Hardware (RS3-SX) ............................................................. 201 Data Management: Storage .................................................................................... 204 Service and Maintenance ........................................................................................ 207 Power: Commercial, Emergency, Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) .................... 209 Resources ................................................................................................................ 209 Conclusions and Recommendations ........................................................................ 210 APPENDIX F: REPORT ON THE (CBRNE) EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS EXERCISE 2012 ................................................................................. 214 APPENDIX G: EPS BWV PILOT PROCEDURES ................................. 220 APPENDIX H: EPS BWV PILOT PUBLIC SURVEY SUMMARY ........... 229 APPENDIX I: GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................. 232 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction The Edmonton Police Service Body Worn Video (BWV) Pilot began in fall 2011 and finished in fall 2014. With funding support from the Centre for Security Science (Defence Research and Development Canada), the project’s purpose was to create a foundation of objective evidence to assist with future decisions about BWV. The pilot used a professionally designed series of quantitative and qualitative measures to assess BWV for technical performance, legal considerations
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