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Larix Sibirica a Jeho Ekologické Nároky Ve Vztahu K Moľnostem

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Larix Sibirica a Jeho Ekologické Nároky Ve Vztahu K Moľnostem Mendelova zem ědělská a lesnická univerzita v Brn ě Lesnická a d řeva řská fakulta Larix Sibirica a jeho ekologické nároky ve vztahu k možnostem revitalizace odlesn ěných ploch v severním Mongolsku Bakalá řská práce doc. Mgr. Jind řich Kynický, Ph.D. Marek Janoštík Vedoucí bakalá řské práce Autor práce Brno 2015 1 Zadání 2 Prohlášení: Prohlašuji, že jsem práci Larix Sibirica a jeho ekologické nároky ve vztahu k možnostem revitalizace odlesn ěných ploch v severním Mongolsku vypracoval samostatn ě a veškeré použité prameny a informace uvádím v seznamu použité literatury. Souhlasím, aby moje práce byla zve řejn ěna v souladu s § 47b zákona č. 111/1998 Sb., o vysokých školách ve zn ění pozd ějších p ředpis ů a v souladu s platnou Sm ěrnicí o zve řej ňování vysokoškolských záv ěre čných prací. Jsem si v ědom/a, že se na moji práci vztahuje zákon č. 121/2000 Sb., autorský zákon, a že Mendelova univerzita v Brn ě má právo na uzav ření licen ční smlouvy a užití této práce jako školního díla podle § 60 odst. 1 autorského zákona. Dále se zavazuji, že p řed sepsáním licen ční smlouvy o využití díla jinou osobou si vyžádám písemné stanovisko univerzity, že p ředm ětná licen ční smlouva není v rozporu s oprávn ěnými zájmy univerzity, a zavazuji se uhradit p řípadný p řísp ěvek na úhradu náklad ů spojených se vznikem díla, a to až do jejich skutečné výše. V Brn ě dne ………………. Podpis autora ……………….. Marek Janoštík 3 Pod ěkování: Tímto bych cht ěl tímto pod ěkovat vedoucímu mé bakalá řské práce, doc. Mgr. Jind řichu Kynickému Ph.D., za jeho četné rady a pomoc při tvorb ě této práce. Dále ing. Davidovi Ju řičkovi za spoustu užite čných rad a konzultace týkající se problematiky řešené v této práci. V neposlední řad ě bych cht ěl pod ěkovat své rodin ě a p řátel ům, ve kterých jsem vždy cítil oporu. 4 Abstrakt Jméno poslucha če: Marek Janoštík Název bakalá řské práce: Larix Sibirica a jeho ekologické nároky ve vztahu k možnostem revitalizace odlesn ěných ploch v severním Mongolsku Abstrakt: Tato práce se zabývá ekologickými nároky mod řínu sibi řského (Larix sibirica) a možností jeho využití jakožto revitaliza ční d řeviny na degradovaných plochách severního Mongolska v kontextu místních extrémních p řírodních podmínek. Za pomocí XRF spektrometrie byl zjišt ěn chemismus jednotlivých segment ů cílového území, který vypovídá nejen o stavu území, ale také o negativních vlivech na n ěj působících. XRF analýzou nebyly nalezeny žádné rizikové prvky, které by mohly mít negativní vliv přirozenou obnovu na zájmových lokalitách. Jako hlavní determinující faktor rozší ření i obnovy mod řínu nejen na zkoumaných lokalitách je dostate čné rozložení přístupných zásoby vody. Pro úsp ěšnou realizaci p řirozené i um ělé obnovy je d ůležité p řistupovat k aktivní ochran ě porost ů p řed jejich poškozováním. Klí čová slova: Larix sibirica, Mongolsko, XRF spektrometrie Abstract: This work deals with ecological requirements Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) and its possible use as a revitalizing trees on degraded areas of northern Mongolia in the context of local extreme natural conditions. Using XRF spectrometry revealed the chemistry of individual segments of the target area, which indicates not only the state of the territory, but also the negative influences acting on it. XRF analysis found no risk elements that could have a negative impact on the natural recovery of the localities of interest. As the main determining factor of the expansion and restoration of larch only at research sites is adequate distribution of available water supplies. For the successful implementation of both natural and artificial regeneration, it is important to look actively protecting the stands before their damage. 5 Keywords: Larix sibirica, Mongolia, XRF spektrometry Obsah 1. Úvod 8 2. Cíl práce ................................................................................................................................................ 9 3. Literární část ....................................................................................................................................... 10 3.1 Modřín sibiřský ............................................................................................................................. 10 3.1.1 Morfologie a fyziologie modřínu sibiřského ......................................................................... 10 3.1.2 Nároky na půdu ..................................................................................................................... 11 3.1.3 Nároky na světlo .................................................................................................................... 11 3.1.4 Nároky na vodu ..................................................................................................................... 12 3.1.5 Nároky na teplotu a klima ..................................................................................................... 12 3.1.6 Rozšíření Modřínu sibiřského ................................................................................................ 12 3.1.7 Klimatotipy modřínu sibiřského ............................................................................................ 14 3.1.8 Využití modřínu sibiřského .................................................................................................... 16 3.1.9 Škůdci na modřínu sibiřském ................................................................................................ 17 4. Charakteristika Mongolska ................................................................................................................. 18 4.1 Geografická charakteristika území Mongolska ............................................................................ 18 4.2 Geologická charakteristika území Mongolska .............................................................................. 19 4.3 Pedologická charakteristika území Mongolska ............................................................................ 20 4.4 Klimatická charakteristika Mongolska ......................................................................................... 24 4.5 Hydrosféra na území Mongolska ................................................................................................. 24 4.6 Lesy na území Mongolska ............................................................................................................ 25 4.6.1 Problémy Mongolského lesnictví .......................................................................................... 25 5. Charakteristika zkoumaného území ................................................................................................... 28 5.1 Oblast Gorkhi ............................................................................................................................... 28 5.1.1 Pedologická charakteristika vybraného území...................................................................... 28 5.1.2 Geologická charakteristika vybraného území ....................................................................... 29 5.1.3 Možnosti ohrožení ................................................................................................................ 30 5.2. Oblast Barun-Bayan a Dzun-Bayan ............................................................................................. 31 5.2.1 Pedologícká charakteristika vybraného území...................................................................... 32 5.2.2 Geologická charakteristika vybraného území ....................................................................... 32 5.2.3 Možnosti Ohrožení ................................................................................................................ 34 6. Metodika ............................................................................................................................................ 35 6.1 Výběr lokalit pro odběr vzorků ..................................................................................................... 35 6.2 Odběr vzorků a jejich zpracovnání ............................................................................................... 35 6 6.3 XRF analýza................................................................................................................................... 36 6.3.1 Princip fungování XRF analýzy ............................................................................................... 36 6.3.2 Faktory ovlivňující přesnost měření ...................................................................................... 37 6.4 způsob vyhodnocení vzorků ......................................................................................................... 39 7. Výsledky ............................................................................................................................................. 39 7.1 Rozbor chemismu jednotlivých částí zkoumaného území oblasti Goricho .................................. 39 7.2 Rozbor chemismu jednotlivých částí zkoumaného území oblasti Barun Bayan .......................... 42 7.3 Rozbor chemismu jednotlivých částí zkoumaného území oblasti Dzun Bayan ........................... 44 8. Diskuze ........................................................................................................................................... 47 9. Závěr ................................................................................................................................................... 51 10. Summary .........................................................................................................................................
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