February 2007

Geopolitical Status in

Qalqiliya

Governorate

Applied Research Institute- Jerusalem (ARIJ)

Prepared by The Settlements Monitoring and GIS Units Qalqiliya, 1970, 1997 & 2005

Following the Israeli Attack on Palestinian residential Territory in the 1948 war, in which Israel has exceeded its parameters as designated in the United Nations Security Council resolution 181, an agree- ment was signed later on, in 1949 to end the state of war between Israel and Arab countries nearby, of which, is a part of and hence it was known as the “1949 Armistice Agreement”, to which the 1949 Armistice Line, better known as the “Green Line” identify the marking line between areas under Israeli occupation and areas under Jordanian administration. The agreement states explicitly that the 1949 Armistice Line does not establish de jure (by law) recognized international boundaries. When the city of Qalqiliya came under the Israeli occupation in 1967, the Israeli Army issued a military order to wipe out Qalqiliya city and started a campaign to destroy it due to its proximity to Israeli controlled territory and thus, the Israeli Army destroyed more than 40% of the residential houses in 9 days. With the signing of the 1995 Oslo Accord between the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) and Israeli, the territory came under “A”,“B”&”C” classifi- cation, to which, Qalqiliya city came under the Palestinian National Authority jurisdiction. In 2003, the Israeli Army started its so-called security fence, better known as the Segregation Wall in the occupied Palestinian territory and accordingly, encircled Qalqiliya city from all side, restrict- ing its Palestinian residents’ movement in and out of the city, threatening its overall sustainability.

.The following maps 1،2 & 3 shows Qalqiliya city in the years 1970, 1997 & 2005

Map 1 Qalqiliya 1970 Geopolitical Status of Qalqiliya Governorate

1

Source: ARIJ Database Map 2 Qalqiliya 1997

Source: ARIJ Database Map 3 Qalqiliya 2005 Geopolitical Status of Qalqiliya Governorate

2

Source: ARIJ Database 3 Geopolitical Status of Qalqiliya Governorate oenet ec, hc trae te eiet’ ces o oenetl evcs hat, education, (health, services governmental to access residents’ infrastructure the security, etc) and the people will be once more under the direct occupation threaten of the Israeli Army. which Palestinian the beyond Wall reach, Segregation the of government west area built-up its of Dunums 560 than more have to enjoy full control and administrative jurisdiction over the land. More than that, Qalqiliya governorate stands still Israeli Army the where “C” in Area remain lands agricultural their of bulk the 90+%,), as (some “B” and classified were 44073 Km2) “A” in (126.753 Areas live Qalqiliya’sgovernorate of “A”, population Palestinian the of majority the dunums while and “C” Area Area 126753 while as “B”, classified Area were as of dunums (44.073 Km2) Km2) were classified (3.619 dunums 3619 governorate, Qalqiliya of case the In other. each from separated physically are which cantons, isolated security,into it land, turned and over Territory continues Palestinian Occupied control the Israel scattered full has “C”, but “B”, retains “A”, areas matters Israel of distribution jagged C, civil This resources. natural area and over people any In control security. over for full responsibility have sovereignty overriding have retained the to government B, area Palestinian assumed In a land. Authority Palestinian National that Palestinian time the first the marked and This control. complete “A”, areas as classified lands from withdrew Israeli Army divided into be control. varying levels of are designatedas “C”, which “B” and “A”, Areas Accordingly,the (PLO) and Israel, concluded Israel withdrawal from more areas of the West Bank and that occupied territory Organization Liberation Palestinian the between 1995 September in signed Interim Agreement II Oslo The Qalqiliya Under theOslo Accord Map 4belowshowsQalqiliya’s Governorate locationintheOccupiedPalestinian Territory. Source: ARIJ database2006 An Overview The IsraeliSegregation PlanintheOccupiedPalestinian Territory towers lined-up250metersapart. watch military with appendage partitions concrete high meters 8-12 of consists Wall Segregation the popula Line, sizeable Green the with with perimeter in-close areas and/or tion in case, other the In cameras. surveillance security with metal supplied fence electrified detection high meters wires, footprint 4-5 as well and as barbed tracks roads with military of reinforced trenches, area fences, an takes layered it double where complete; to as width in meters land 40-100 the to devastating lands, the Segregation Wall is a fence, which is more agriculture vast through cuts Wall Segregation the where areas in say to as determined is structure of the type the runs, Wall Segregation the the of where area nature characteristic the on Based Wall applies. Segregation term the cases both In used. 8-12 are of partitions Palestinian concrete meters in height or either in the other occupied case, multi line fences is the it territory, in territorial their mission complete to separation used Army Israeli structures the of by shapes two reflects it as obvious made Wall”be “Segregation should term the of tion explana an time, this At most settlements. Israeli the encapsulating of and resources thenatural ling control cities, and villages Palestinian the between contiguity territorial the undermining enclaves, in communities Palestinian isolating lands, agricultural fertile most the grabbing south to north from Bank it runs along and through the western part of the West as aquifers) (water resources natural with rich areas, land significant and sizeable substantial covers Zone between occupied West the Bank of segregation territory. terrains The western Israeli the Segregation along Zone Segregation unilateral of a establishing by launched territory Palestinian the and Israel government policy Israeli the its 2002, June In - - - - n etme 20, h Irei cuain Army Occupation Israeli the 2004, September In localities. Palestinian 42 and settlements Israeli 43 in cludes and Bank West the of 29.4% representing Km 1664 of area total a has zone This Sea. Dead the of Valleyshores Jordan the the and along lished a instead estab were checkpoints access controlled of system area, the of characteristics physical the to due their apply not did Wallsystem Segregation of Territory, terrains Bank West occupied eastern the the along Zone Eastern an Segregation created facto de has Israel parallel, In 59. isolated of number the Segregation the behind localities Palestinian Wallto increases it however, Bank; West the in population settlers’ Israeli ofthe (85%) 408,000 103 accommodating enclose settlements Israeli to continue will It area). Bank total West the of 9.8% (approximately land Palestinian km 555 it behind isolate will Wall Segregation Green the of Line (the 1949 Armistice Line). length) When complete, the total the of % (18.2 km 128 Wallon Segregation the run will route revised new The ) 5 map see 1/ Westtable the (see in Bank. km WallSegregation western the along km 703 for run will Wall the where plan, of Segregation Western the route revised 55 another yet and released government Bank West Israeli the 2006, 30, the On April localities. Israeli Palestinian in the population of settlers’ 83% accommodating settlements Israeli of 98 enclosed rest also It territory. the Bank West from the isolation for set was area) Bank km 576 completed, When Line). Armistice 1949 (the Line Only Green the on ran length) total the of (20.2% km 138 Bank. West the in km 683 for ran Wall the a published revised route government of the Western Segregation plan, Israeli where the 2005, 20, February On Palestinians. to inaccessible become the an additional 252 km on width prohibited. result, are a constructions As Palestinian in zone buffer meters Palestinian sideoftheSegregationZonewherenew a 150-200 creating averaging orders military issued 2 of Palestinian land (10% of the total Westtotal the of (10% land Palestinian of 2 of the West Bank (4.4 %) will However ARIJ Photo the , 2 of 2 - - ,

4 Geopolitical Status of Qalqiliya Governorate 5 Geopolitical Status of Qalqiliya Governorate Map5showstheoverallstatusofIsraeliSegregation Wall intheOccupiedPalestinian Table 1:Statusofthe Western Segregation Wall asof April 2006. Under Construction Planned sections Existing sections Status of Western Segregation Zone(Km) Total length Source: ARIJ database2006 Source: ARIJ database 2006 703 299 307 97 Percentage ofthetotal Wall length 13.8% 42.5% 43.7% 100% T erritory ...... instead oftheirdemolished residents until the timethey rebuildtheir housesover thefollowing twoyears. return to their town, which Israel reluctantly agreed to do and thus the Palestinians went back to live in tents by themembers ofthesecuritycouncil, thatcompelledIsrael toseizeitsoperation and lettheresidents Palestinian 850 houses out destroyed 2000 that Army existed Israeli in the the town at that thus, time. and The Israeli residents operation was largelyits criticized expel and ground the to Qalqiliya destroy to keen When the Israeli Army seized the West Bank and the Gaza Strip back in 1967 (the Six-Day War) Israel was Wall. Segregation Israeli the now and points check of kinds all bases, military roads, bypass settlements, building confisction, of governorates by Israeli activities; land devastated largely and suffered most the Green Line), which is why it ranks among lies almost on the 1949 Armistice line (the and governorates Palestinian of smallest the also is It 2006). (PCBS, inhabitants Palestinian 97,472 to home and dunums) the Km 174.445 of area an at has It Bank. lies West the of terrains northwestern Governorate Qalqiliya Qalqiliya Governorate water areainthe West Bank. km (0.685 dunums 685 Up to 221 dunums (0.221 km bined averageannualdischarge ofapproximately31MCM. com a with 62 is Zones Segregation western the by isolated springs water of number combined The is 134withacombinedaverageannualpumpingrateofapproximately44.1MCM. Zones Segregation the in population Palestinian the by utilized wells water of number combined The yield of507MCM/year. safe combined a with aquifers western and The northwestern Westernthe over lies Zone Segregation 172 MCM/year. (Jordan Eastern Valley)the over lies Zone Segregation Eastern The of yield safe a with aquifer water Water 37.7% ofthetotalforestareaandwithshrubsin West Bank. Segregation Zone and 110,274 dunums (110.3 km km (128.4 dunums 128,404 to Up Forests which constitute37.4%ofthetotalagriculturalareas West Bank. km (863.9 dunums 863,879 to addition in Zone km Segregation (189.1 dunums 189,001 to Up Agricultural Areas Palestinian Resources Isolated bytheSegregation Plan 2 ) in the Eastern Segregation Zone, which constitute 99% of the total inland total the of 99% constitute which Zone, Segregation Eastern the in ) 2 (174445 2 ) of inland water, areas are isolated in the Western Segregation Zone and 2 ) of forest areas and areas with shrubs are included in the Westernthe in included are shrubs with areas and areas forest of ) - 2 o arclua ln aes r ioae wti te Western the within isolated are areas land agricultural of ) 2 ) in the Eastern Segregation Zone, which constitute 2 ) within the Eastern Segregation Zone, Segregation Eastern the within ) -

6 Geopolitical Status of Qalqiliya Governorate 7 Geopolitical Status of Qalqiliya Governorate settlements or to turn these locations to locations these turn to or settlements existing of plans master the expand to Table 2:IsraeliSettlementsinQalqiliyaGovernorate. the Segregation Wall. by founded status road new the to alteration the Qalqiliya governorate to fit to go into execution phase in and around order in approval government Israeli the pending anticipated also roads bypass of Km 25.722 additional An governorate. the around and in Km 28.946 is which of share Qalqiliya’s Km: 795 to length in stretches that territory WestBank the throughout roads bypass of network a creating by Israel with consequently and other each with settlements established governments have also Israeli worked to link consecutive the the years, the Over table 3. see own, their of sites settlements new on theoutskirtsofIsraelisettlements, outposts Israeli Moreover,4 up set to managed settlers Israeli the 2005, and 1996 between period the during area of11888 dunums(11.888 Km an on settlers; Israeli 27,930 at today stand settlements these of hold total The lands. Palestinian seized and confiscated on established were settlements Israeli illegal 13 Governorate, Qalqiliya of of decades occupation Israeli 4 past the Over localities. surrounding the on and town Qalqilyia of lands surrounding the on With the Israeli occupation of Qalqilyia governorate in 1967, Israel imposed all kinds of building restrictions Israeli OccupationPracticesinQalqiliyaGovernorate 13 12 10 11 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Giv’at HaMerkaziz Alfei Menashe Immanuel Kedumim Zefon Jit Zamarot Zufin Karne Shomron Kedumim Shaare Tikva Ma’ale Shamron Neve Oramin

Israeli Settlement Tota l Source: ARIJ &Foundation forMiddleEastPeace 2004 2 ) almost7%ofthegovernoratearea,(ARIJdatabase,2005),seetable2. Date ofEstablishment 1980 1991 1981 1981 1982 1985 1990 1978 1983 1975 1982 0 0

Area-2005 (Dunums) 11888 2905 1045 1024 1289 1063 752 538 543 318 275 310 840 986 Population 2004 27930 5433 2585 1040 6170 5458 3010 3685 549 0 0 0 0 0 al 4 niae sm o te sal voain i Qliia oenrt bten h yas 2000-2006. years the between Governorate Qalqiliya in violations Israeli the of some indicates 4 Table outposts, erecting construction oftheSegregation Wall settlements, (map6showsQalqiliya’s Geopoliticalstatus). the now and expanding movement of freedom Palestinians’ on restrictions houses, severe imposing roads, bypass Palestinian expanding demolishing belligerent lands, their up confiscating Palestinian stepped agriculture, Territory, destroying Palestinian authorities Occupied Israeli the in the activities related Intifada, occupation aggressive (Al-Aqsa) and second the of years the During Table 3:IsraeliOutpostsinQalqiliyaGovernorate Map 6belowshowstheGeopoliticalstatusofQalqiliya’s Governorate 4 3 2 1 Table 4:IsraeliviolationsinQalqiliyaGovernorateduringtheyears2000-2006 Maale Shamron Kedumim Moshe Zar Karnei Shomron Closest Mother Settlement Total 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 Year Total Land Confiscated/ inDunums 14936 1060 4471 7750 565 890 200 0 Source: ARIJ Database2006 Source: ARIJ Database2006 Source: ARIJ Database 2006 No. ofstructures 28 20 1 4 3

Uprooted/ Isolated/ damaged Trees 28022 26261 17204 86511 1690 8315 5019 0 West MaaleShamron Outpost Name Ramot Gilad Havat Gilad Har Hemed Houses Demolished Inside MotherSettlement 16 57 17 16 7 0 0 1 Outpost Outpost Outpost Status

8 Geopolitical Status of Qalqiliya Governorate 9 Geopolitical Status of Qalqiliya Governorate hn sal cuid h Ws Bn ad the and Bank West the occupied Israel When The Settlements’ Plan Qalqiliya on governorate. attack methodical Israeli the the outline compromising following social The by residents. the to available livelihood pressures inflicting to economic parallel and from in to Qalqiliya intent the confiscated isolate with an scheme/s a became implement lands to on onset later which on of residents, establishment Qalqiliya’s settlements the sanction the to governorate started Israel when Qalqilyia is that 1970’s, of mid contain the in shape to started to plan Israel’s Qalqiliya Governorate Methodical Israeli Targeting of lc ot o te et ak n Qra Arba’ Qiryat and Bank West the settlements of Etzion south Gush bloc the of and part Bank central West Ma’ale the the bloc, in and bloc Jerusalem settlements Settlements East Adumim Illit of bloc in Modi’in settlements settlements the include Ariel Qalqiliya, which north; the the bloc, in along settlements border, which Bank West of Western the conflict, resolve Israeli to – obstacle Palestinian immense an peace the and of process dilemma the Green constitute the they part as straddle Line plan are Stars Seven which Sharon’s blocs, of settlements Palestin realities. Israeli these future imposed Today, new the possible under to state of and ian Bank, borders West the negotiate into set) boundary be (to political Israel’s etend the to of eastward Line shift Green a make Line and Armistice redefine to Line) Green (the the along blocs settlements large seven establish to scheme a around evolved which plan”, Stars “Seven the with up came Sharon Ariel time that at housing of minister Israeli the 1990, line, In establishing Armistice governorate withsettlements. the by Palestinian the swamped case along Qalqiliya’s in accomplished which ground settlements best the Israeli on are realities imposing that territory by identify so started Israel war.doing 1967 to the in United Israel Council by the occupied by security set marking Nation Line a Armistice Line), 1949 Green the (the with undermined task to a adopted aim it an 1967, in back Strip Gaza - ro t te ergto Wl, agricultural Wall, Segregation the to Prior governorate. the around and in checkpoints established the and movement on restrictions Israeli of because lands of agricultural kinds or workplaces their accessing all obstacles facing are who than of residents livelihood Qalqiliya’s the more to threat has serious but a caused relatives, it that adopted ties and social families the measures between weaken to Israeli security contributed implicitly under The which their of Palestinians’pretext. to all and lands, Qalqiliya restricting of agricultural out and at in movement aiming measures adopt to started Army Israeli the 2000, September in out broke Intifada Palestinian second the When pressure Economic and Social Inflicting a as set which Hebron city south of the West Bank (pop. 166,000+). settlers), Israeli continuous source of tension with the Palestinians of (400+ bloc livelihood. have 3000 nearly sought employmentin neigboringcountriesfor and district and city of Qalqiliya outside 4000- moved has holds some family of that sources heads 5000 revealed local that, governorate than the More from work. obstacles it existing make all to despite income; substitute of families a source as more agriculture on forcing rely to city, 45%) of (some the one-third in down business shut the to caused Qalqiliya’s has of residents power purchase deteriorating The 67%. of levels unprecedented to soar to Qalqiliya in unemployment caused has products agriculture of mobility for employment and purposes and/ or marketing movement on restrictions the and land confisca of tion the closures, the Wall, Segregation The the and Wall Segregation closures. the of because inside employment Israel the lost has district entire the from workers Qalqiliya city and an 8000 additional 15000 workers from some that especially lihood, their increased residents live their for source a as agriculture on dependency Wall, Segregation the Westmarkets. Withcountries neighboring and Bank to exported was produced the of much Qalqiliya’seconomy,as of 22% some represented productions - - Segregation Wall inQalqiliyaGovernorate. 62251 dunums (36%) of Qalqiliya’s lands are lost. The following table 5/ map 7 shows the status of some isolated, land the of areas other Israeli and areas settlements the lands, agricultural the between and outposts the ergto Wl i Qliia oenrt ws otd to routed was as well as it governorate behind settlements Israeli 13 the of all encompass Qalqiliya in Wall Segregation to permits issued Israeli access their agricultural using land so far. been On the have other hand, the who Israeli residents the to accessible become longer no will time in which it, behind lands agricultural and their of Farda much isolates and Abu Rasha) WadiAr ‘Arab Mansur, Tahseen ash Mahattat Ramadin Shamali, Ar ‘Arab ‘Atma, (‘ villages Palestinian Territory) Bank West the in length stretches Wall Governorate Qalqiliya kilometers 93.477 in along Wall Segregation The Qalqiliya andtheSegregation Wall Plan ...And nowtheIsraeliSegregation Wall Table 5:statusofIsraeliSegregation Wall inQalqiliyaGovernorate Range ofdepthinsidethe West BankfromtheGreenLine Of whichrunsontheGreenLine Of whichrunsonQalqiliya’s lands Total length Planned sections Existing sections Map 7showstheconstructionstatusofIsraeliSegregation Wall inQalqiliyaGovernorate Status oftheSegregation Wall inQalqiliyaGovernorate(Km) (13.3% of total Western Segregation Western total of (13.3% Source: ARIJ Database2006 Source: ARIJ Database 2006 irig hog 5 through piercing 49.372 Km 44.105 Km 0- 4.63Km 6.56 Km 86.917 Km(93%) 93.477 Km 10 Geopolitical Status of Qalqiliya Governorate 11 Geopolitical Status of Qalqiliya Governorate iliya Governorate. Segregation Wallthe behind isolated area of landcover Qalq landuse/ in the shows 6 table following The or lands; thereby jeopardize their livelihood and other vital social, health and educational services as well. homes their reach to want they Wallcase the in by segregated areas to movement their to comes time it when harsh a the have will areas and inside residential disrupted areas and isolated enclaves residential these own of residents in their The lands. to agricultural entrapped movement and be accesses their will on communities restrictions with Wall these Segregation of residents Palestinian The residents. Palestinian 87755 of population a with communities Palestinian 15 ghettoize will WallSegregation Km the (62.251 dunums 62251 isolating to addition In n adtm omng hi utvtdlnso hi w seilyta h emt ontinclude not do permits the that especially own their on lands cultivated their manage additional laborand/orequipments. to Furthermore, time permits. hard receive a will find families) the of eldest the issuance ofpermitsbytheIsraeliciviladministrationwillbeonseasonalbasis;hence,owners will (usually deed title ownership the in authenticated by the Israeli civil administration; this means that only Entrance to the isolated agricultural the lands is restricted only to those who owners are able to prove landownership who have their names listed Table 6:showslanduse/landcover ofisolatedareas inQalqiliyaGovernorate. Total Others Israeli Controlled Areas Palestinian Built-up Areas Open Space Forests Agricultural Lands Landuse/ landcover ofarea isolatedbehindtheSegregation Wall inQalqiliyaGovernorate Land Type Source: ARIJ Database2006 2 o Plsiin’ ad i Qliia governorate, Qalqiliya in lands Palestinians’ of ) Area inDunums 62251 10974 32147 6733 7607 4233 557 - capacity of1.9millioncubicmeters, whichwillnolonger beunderQalqiliya’ • Isolatewater resources;some18 wellsbehindtheSegregation threattomorelosses ofthenaturalresourcesandbiodiversity • Lossofopenspace which posesathreattothesustainabilityofurban andruralareasaswella behindthewall. • Manyarcheological andhistoricalsitesrelatedtoPalestiniancultural heritagewillbesegregated • The SegregationPlanisalteringthePalestiniannaturallandscape. duringmigrationseasons. • Distortwildlifecycleandcuts-off different kindsofanimalsfromtheirnaturalhabitatparticularly • Lossofgrazingareasandincreaseindesertification. • Diminish areas designated as natural reservations, forests, pastures, open spaces and recreation areas. sites. treatment wastewater and • Declineintheareasdesignatedforlandfills thesecommunitieswillbesubjecttoIsrealirestriction. geographicallydisconnectedandsegregatedenclavesand/orghettos,asmovementfrom to • The Segregation Wall willplacemanyPalestiniantownsandvillages(15 and1town)in theSegregation Wall andafterwhichbecame869people per1Km • Increaseurbanizationpressureandpopulationdensity, whichstoodat559peopleper1Km sidesofthe Wall. • The Segregation Wall iscutting-off socialrelationsbetweenPalestiniancitizenslivingoneither thesegregatedareasisdifficult. • HarshmeasuresareimposedonPalestinians’ mobilityandmovement;astransportationfromorto health,educationalandsocialservicesarelocated. • Thousands ofPalestiniancitizenswillhaveahardtimeaccessingthemainurbancenterswhere SocialImpacts • Increaseinlandpricesandshortageofinvestmentopportunities. • Unemploymentaswellpovertylevelsincreasedtounprecedentedlevels. • IsraelmaintainscontroloverPalestiniantradeandtourism. and mobility on marketing. imposed constraints the and Palestinianfarmersasaresultoflandconfiscation • The SegregationPlanhascausedseveredamagestothePalestinianagriculturalsectorand EconomicImpacts • The Planwillsevertheorganic tiesbetweenQalqiliya andotherPalestinianGovernorates. amongPalestinianswhowilllosetheirlivelihoods. • The Segregation Wall iscreatingnewdemographicfactsthatwillleadtoforcedinternalmigration than more with governorate 36%ofitsareacut-off toward Israel. the of balance demographic the • The Segregation Wall willredefine • The IsraeliSegregation Wall willredrawthepoliticalboundaryofQalqiliya’s governorate. PoliticalImpacts well asenvironmentalaspectsofPalestinians’ lives.Followingisasummaryofthesemajorimpacts. The constructionoftheSegregation Wall hasnegativeimpactsonthe,political,economical,socialas Major ImpactsoftheSegregation Wall PlaninQalqiliyaGovernorate Environmental Impacts . al ihattlana xrcin Wall, withatotalannualextraction 2 . s control. 2 before before

12 Geopolitical Status of Qalqiliya Governorate 13 Geopolitical Status of Qalqiliya Governorate Map 8belowshowstheIsraelisettlementsinQalqiliyaGovernorate. eteet i te oenrt, hc are Qalqiliya in which settlements Israeli the governorate, Furthermore, Israeli the 13 encompassed by the Segregation Wall. (see map 8). the in for security settlements provide to pretext the under razed were which lands, agricultural of dunums of thousands including lands of areas vast the completed, Segregation Once Wall will permits. encompass as to issued say confiscate Israeli out with residents to inaccessible are localities many West BankdistrictsasmovementonthebypassroadsisrestrictedbyIsraelicontrolledcheckpointsand the enclave. More than that, the city and the governorate is almost completely isolated from the rest of the the probably entrapped within an enclave where and the Israeli Army Wall holds the upper hand to decide who is Segregation to leave or enter the by targeted most to suffer its sequences. be It is the only governorate to have its main center (Qalqiliya city, pop.44.709 ) to governorates Palestinian the of Qalqiliya is the first Trapped andIsolated The GeopoliticalStatusofQalqiliyaGovernorate Israeli bypass roads numbers 55, 444, 446 and 474. and 446 444, 55, numbers roads bypass Israeli the through Israel Israeli established bypass road with system, of which the linked are governorate Source: ARIJ Database2006 - Map 9showsthedistributionofvariousIsraeliobstructions(checkpoints)inQalqiliyaGovernorate btutos salse b te sal Am t rsrc ad ofietemvmn f942Palestinian 97472 of movement the confine and restrict residents ofQalqilyia. to of types Army various Israeli and the number the by lists established table following obstructions The 9). map see ( Wall Segregation the with along comes earth which of all roadblocks, gates, iron roads cement secondary tunnels, gates, cubical agricultural and checkpoints manned same; mounds, the called are still but form their in varies checkpoints Israeli The Palestinian residents’ movement toward each other and to other areas in the West Bank, also affect their lives. to restrict their movement, as the Israeli checkpoints placed tactfully in core locations to separate and restrict Residents of the Qalqiliya governorate has more than one impediment in their life other than the Segregation Wall The Israeli Various Obstructions(checkpoints)inQalqiliya Governorate Table 7:showsdifferent kindsofIsreali obstructionsinQalqiliyaGovernorate. Total Observation Tower Agricultural gate Tunnel Road Block Checkpoints Road Gate Earth mound Type ofObstructions Source: ARIJ Database2006 Source: ARIJ Database2006 Number 44 24 2 3 2 2 3 8

14 Geopolitical Status of Qalqiliya Governorate 15 Geopolitical Status of Qalqiliya Governorate ces h arclua lns ee lo established, to also gates were lands agricultural agricultural and the access roads secondary gates iron the Several on village. Habla to city Qalqiliya 150 Bank on the tunnel” West dunums 2004, “Habla of lands owned inaugurated southern by 31, the residents Army of Habla, August to Israeli link and on Accordingly, central districts. to order the in residents access city Qalqiliya’s for site exit controlled a village Habla of make to decided Army Israeli the tactics, of change Israeli to due However, canton and separated it from in the rest of the West Bank. back a shape in village the Wallenclosed Segregation The to 2003. the started Wall where Segregation localities Israeli first the one and city Qalqiliya of south the to located village Palestinian a is Habla The Tunnel inHablavillage sltd ad ra f aqli governorate governorate. Qalqiliya in plans master settlement, the including Israeli Qalqilyia of areas the shows of 10 map 8/ table following area Wall.The Segrgation the behind land the within included isolated land are plans additional the master the that of areas out, pointed be should It settlements’the of standings current area. the to areas calculated is sites at 33215 Dnums; a expansion 64% (21327 Dnums) future aditional land with set tlements existing the for set area land actual the plans, master settlements’ the to lands. according of and dunums However, 11888 of area gover an Qalqiliya occupy in norate settlements Israeli the Today, Governorate Israeli settlements’ Master PlaninQalqiliya - - above ittheIsraelibypassroadnumber55. running and Westthe territory to Bank residents Qalqiliya’sHabla’slinking of tunnel picture a is Below Israel. inside access to bloc settlements Ariel of cluster settlements northern the of tlers set Israeli the by used 55 number road Israeli bypass an under constructed is tunnel the that, than Other tunnel. the build to option available lyia city and that Habla village presented the best Qalqi of residents to passage exit an available make to had Israelis the that shows ground on the facts not as did interest, Palestinians’ it the tunnel consider Habla construct to decided Why dig a tunnel? control Palestinians’ movement. all ofwhichoperatedbyIsraelisoldiersto Table 8:Master plansareas ofIsraelisettlements Total New settlement Zufin Alfei Menashe Shaare Tikva Oranit Zamarot Ma’ale Shamron Karne Shomron Neve Oramin Immanuel Jit Kedumim Giv’at HaMerkaziz Kedumim Zefon Settlement Name Source: ARIJ Database 2006

Surly, when the Israeli Army Area /Dunum 33215 15627 1524 2493 4578 1241 1921 1720 4111 - - ertr ivld Te or bsd t dcso o itrainl as icuig h Fourth the including laws, international on decision its based Council resolutions Security Nations Court United the and treaties rights human various Regulations, Hague The the Convention, Geneva Palestinian occupied invalid. the in State Israeli the territory of practices all marked and occupation, Israeli the is by which denied self-determination, the to right disrupts people’s Palestinian the which upholding by Wall, contiguity) and Segregation unity territorial the now and roads, etc bypass (settlements, 1967 confiscation, land trees, uprooting demolishing, houses from occupation Israeli the to related activities all Israeli and Wallthe decision Segregation landmark its in denounced (ICJ) Justice of holy Court to international access the and 2004, living July of places.In standard adequate an to right the education, to right the treatment, medical to laws; including the right to Self-Determination, the right to freedom of movement, the right to work, the right civilized and rights human code, humanitarian existing every virtually WallSegregation violates Israeli The The InternationalLegalStatusoftheIsraeliSegregation Wall Map 10showstheIsraelisettlementsinQalqiliyaGovernorate,includingmaster ICJruling on theSegregation Wall ofJuly9,2004 Israel andthePalestine LiberationOrganizationinthecontextof MiddleEastpeacepr of Government the between reached agreements the Noting void, and null are and validity legal no have Jerusalem East Occupied of composition demographic and status the change occupying Power,to the Israel, by taken actions Recalling that relevant United Nations resolutions affirming ، 242 ، 338 andothers. Source: ARIJ Database2006 plansareas ocess, 16 Geopolitical Status of Qalqiliya Governorate 17 Geopolitical Status of Qalqiliya Governorate efdfne o ‘tt o ncsiy cn o b ue a jsicto o iltn h ihso the Interim Agreement whichstatesthat: of rights an explicit violation of all peace agreements the signed between the Israelis and Palestinians and a breach to Oslo violating in Israel supporting building from the Segregation refrain for Wallmust states under any other circumstances. all Moreover, and the damages construction justification of the the for Segregation Walllandowners as those is compensate used be not can Palestinian people necessity’under international law and therefore of Israel must cease construction ‘state of the Segregation and or Self-defense’ ertre ocpe sne 97 ae o ea vldt ad osiue sros btuto to obstruction serious (1979) a 452 constituteUNSCR in and also Jerusalem,’including 1967, since occupied territories East’, Arab the in settlements of planning and construction validity Middle the legal Arab in other ‘ peace upon no and calls lasting which Palestinian and ‘[d]etermines have just the which comprehensive, in 1967 a (1979) settlements achieving establishing 446 since in UNSCR Israel occupied in of again territories practices reiterated and policy are the 242 that Resolution of principles The the and Jerusalem) East (including Bank West the of Gaza Strip. occupation years 40 Israel’s outlaws effectively ‘ for General calls which and 1967, of 242 resolutions Council Resolution UNSCR (1967): Security 242 resolution Council primarily Nations Resolutions, Assembly United Security numerous violates Nations (OPT) Territory United Palestinian the Occupied of light the in activities Israel’scolonization covenants international and rights in human laws, international (UNSC), expansion and construction Settlement resolutions. Nation’s United the with conform to made be Israel thus and end to will community’s international the of apathy time Israel’slong for Territory; Palestinian calls Occupied the in acts its for accountable Israel hold international legitimacy, laws and resolutions of the United Nations security Council; stresses the necessity to The Applied Research Institute-Jerusalem (ARIJ) emphasizes the imperativeness that Israel complies with the become will Governorate Bank Qalqiliya West in the Palestinian communitiestoexpandandthusjeopardizesustainabledevelopment. the for possibility communities of future any eliminate will rest that Palestinian roads and the Walls,settlements of complex the a in by surrounded continues, as Qalqiliya this in If lands governorates. Palestinian of tracts Segregation the large build to confiscating Wall,and plans isolating unilateral its with proceeding is Israel denunciation, international Despite Conclusion h wtdaa o al sal amd ocs rm ertre occupied territories from forces armed Israeli all of withdrawal the Gaza Strip pending the outcome of the permanent status negotiations” (Article XXXI, clause 7). clause XXXI, (Article negotiations” status permanent the of outcome the pending Strip Gaza the and WestBank the of status the change will that step any take or initiate shall side “Neither h Gvrmn ad epeo Ire t cae o a ugn ai, h establishment, the basis, urgent an on cease, to Israel of people and Government the i te 97 a. h resolution The war. 1967 the in ’ Previously issuedFactsheets otl, urel ad nul eot ad rsnain t interested the to roads, case-studies, bypass presentations outposts, are settlements, and Israeli outputs West and housedemolitions. the the in reports The including: status Segregation geopolitical Wall, landrazing, landexpropriation,treesuprooting,movementbarriers Gaza the maps. annual and about groups Bank and international and and regional, photos local, analyzing quarterly and aerial information hand monthly, images, first get to satellite inhabitance areas, and affected officials local future interviewing at the they on fieldwork activities conducting changes through these accomplished is of physical This impacts State. and Palestinian the the and data; landscape activities, Palestinian this the Israeli on analyzing induce on and information synthesizing reliable data; disseminating secondary and primary in collecting engage project related The State. Palestinian land future the viability, of their contiguity the territorial and clarifying borders to issues, and relation (OPT) in Israeli Territory negotiations the Palestinian status monitoring impacts on issues of final Occupied at the aims project in The activities Society. physical Study Arab the of in (LRC) part Centre Hebron, Research Land the partner, ARIJ’s with cooperation in implemented statehood’. Palestinian the Occupied Palestinian Territory and assessing their impacts on the viability of a future One of the project’s ARIJ is engaged in implementing is multilateral of co-ordination activities. the in facilitator a as serves thus and ideas and initiatives and regional and institutions international experts, donor ARIJ promotes an with environment conducive to the introduction and work of new land its as through issues Moreover, such resources. on water strategies policy and papers position of formulation necessary the research to and data current provides frequently it institute, as research capacity national a its In organizations. non-governmental and international institutions, local among co-operation greater advocate to community local the in role active an plays ARIJ natural resources. non-profit their over control greater through people a Palestinian the of Territoryself-reliance the and is (ARIJ) Jerusalem - Institute organization dedicatedtopromoting sustainabledevelopmentintheOccupiedPalestinian Research Applied the 1990, in Founded The Applied Research Institute-Jerusalem(ARIJ)

hs rjc i spotd y h Erpa Cmiso and Commission European the by supported is project This ‘Monitoring the Israeli activities in

18 Geopolitical Status of Qalqiliya Governorate 02 - 277 5781 SPA

For more information please visit the following websites: http://www.arij.org - http://www.lrcj.org http://www.poica.org

This factsheet is prepared as part of the project entitled “Monitoring Isreali Settlements Activities in the Occupied Palestinian Territory”, which is financially supported by the EU and SDC. However, the content of the report is the sole responsibility of ARIJ and in no way reflects those of the donors.