DOCSLIB.ORG

An Integrated Radionuclide, Bioluminescence, and Fluorescence Imaging Platform

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Integrated Radionuclide, Bioluminescence, and Fluorescence Imaging Platform U-SPECT-BioFluo: an integrated radionuclide, bioluminescence, and fluorescence imaging platform The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation van Oosterom, Matthias N, Rob Kreuger, Tessa Buckle, Wendy A Mahn, Anton Bunschoten, Lee Josephson, Fijs WB van Leeuwen, and Freek J Beekman. 2014. “U-SPECT-BioFluo: an integrated radionuclide, bioluminescence, and fluorescence imaging platform.” EJNMMI Research 4 (1): 56. doi:10.1186/s13550-014-0056-0. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13550-014-0056-0. Published Version doi:10.1186/s13550-014-0056-0 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:13454830 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA van Oosterom et al. EJNMMI Research 2014, 4:56 http://www.ejnmmires.com/content/4/1/56 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Open Access U-SPECT-BioFluo: an integrated radionuclide, bioluminescence, and fluorescence imaging platform Matthias N van Oosterom1,2, Rob Kreuger1*, Tessa Buckle2, Wendy A Mahn1, Anton Bunschoten2, Lee Josephson3, Fijs WB van Leeuwen2 and Freek J Beekman1,4,5 Abstract Background: In vivo bioluminescence, fluorescence, and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging provide complementary information about biological processes. However, to date these signatures are evaluated separately on individual preclinical systems. In this paper, we introduce a fully integrated bioluminescence-fluorescence-SPECT platform. Next to an optimization in logistics and image fusion, this integration can help improve understanding of the optical imaging (OI) results. Methods: An OI module was developed for a preclinical SPECT system (U-SPECT, MILabs, Utrecht, the Netherlands). The applicability of the module for bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging was evaluated in both a phantom and in an in vivo setting using mice implanted with a 4 T1-luc + tumor. A combination of a fluorescent dye and radioactive moiety was used to directly relate the optical images of the module to the SPECT findings. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) was compared to the localization of the fluorescence signal in the tumors. Results: Both the phantom and in vivo mouse studies showed that superficial fluorescence signals could be imaged accurately. The SPECT and bioluminescence images could be used to place the fluorescence findings in perspective, e.g. by showing tracer accumulation in non-target organs such as the liver and kidneys (SPECT) and giving a semi-quantitative read-out for tumor spread (bioluminescence). Conclusions: We developed a fully integrated multimodal platform that provides complementary registered imaging of bioluminescent, fluorescent, and SPECT signatures in a single scanning session with a single dose of anesthesia. In our view, integration of these modalities helps to improve data interpretation of optical findings in relation to radionuclide images. Keywords: Bioluminescence imaging; Fluorescence imaging; Multimodal molecular imaging; SPECT; Small animal; Nuclear medicine Background provide a means to generate a view into the in vivo situ- Studies of human disease in animal models often pro- ation [1,2]. vide an essential link between chemistry, fundamental SPECT and optical technologies are complementary in research at the molecular level, and the development/ terms of resolution, speed, quantitative accuracy, and evaluation of new diagnostic and therapeutic methods. tracer availability [3-5]. Independent of the source depth, Molecular imaging modalities such as single-photon emis- modern small animal SPECT systems can be used for sion computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission longitudinal and quantitative imaging studies of dynamic tomography (PET), bioluminescence, and fluorescence processes in small structures (resolution <0.25 mm) [6]. Alternatively, optical imaging provides a rapid and low- cost non-radioactive imaging and enables longitudinal * Correspondence: [email protected] 1Radiation, Detection and Medical Imaging, Delft University of Technology, studies of superficial lesions. The resolution of fluores- Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB, Delft, the Netherlands cence imaging also enables the (ex vivo) microscopic Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © 2014 van Oosterom et al.; licensee Springer. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. van Oosterom et al. EJNMMI Research 2014, 4:56 Page 2 of 11 http://www.ejnmmires.com/content/4/1/56 visualization of molecular/cellular processes [7]. Poten- for a dedicated small animal SPECT device (U-SPECT- tially, a vast amount of optical tracers from molecular II, MILabs B.V., Utrecht, the Netherlands) [21-24]. cell biology can be translated to in vivo use. Alternative to a use in combination with dedicated tracers, optical Methods imaging can also be used to detect transfected (tumor) Optical module for small animal SPECT cell lines that contain e.g. luciferase or one of the fluor- The prototype optical imaging (OI) module was fitted escent proteins [8], enabling the (longitudinal) monitor- onto the U-SPECT-II [21,22] installed at the LUMC ing of disease spread and progression in animal models. (Leiden, the Netherlands) as is shown in Figure 1. The The main disadvantages for optical techniques are the optical module consists of three main components: 1) a significant scatter and absorption of photons by tissue/ light tight ‘dark box’ ⑤, 2) a very sensitive CCD camera structures in the animal body. Fluorescence techniques ③, and 3) a bright light source ⑥. Details about these additionally suffer from tissue autofluorescence, result- components will be given in later paragraphs. The dark ing in an unwanted background signal. These negative box was designed in such a way that when the module is features can be partly overcome by using emissions in in ‘open’ position, the handling of the animals in the bed the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum, but unfortunately op- of the U-SPECT is not hampered. When the module is tical imaging cannot equal the detailed view and quanti- ‘closed’, the CCD camera on top of the box is shielded tative accuracy that SPECT provides at larger depths. from ambient light and can produce a total-body top- One of the great challenges today is to place these two view bioluminescent image of the animal via a mirror modalities in perspective and to determine the added ⑪. For photographic and fluorescence imaging, the ani- value of optical imaging within the field of nuclear medi- mal is illuminated by the light source via two optic fibers cine [9]. ④ entering the box and small mirrors ⑩ reflecting the When multimodal tracers with both a radioactive and light onto the bed ①. Excitation and emission light fil- fluorescent signature are used, a single tracer can pro- ters, well adapted to the spectral profile of the fluores- vide ‘best of both worlds’. Such tracers are reported with cent dye under study, can be added to the system. a peptide, monoclonal antibody, or nanoparticle basis For SPECT scans, the animal bed is moved by an XYZ [10-12]. Combined radioactive and fluorescence imaging stage into the U-SPECT ⑨ collimator. For the OI pos- has already provided added value in clinical surgical ition, the bed is held in the same position as used for guidance studies [13,14]. placing an animal in the bed (U-SPECT ‘bed eject pos- Next to the development of multimodal tracers that ition’). Alternatively, by mounting the OI module on a combine two signatures, SPECT and optical modalities separate ‘docking station’, it can also be used as an inde- can also be combined on a single device with a single pendent optical imaging device. The docking station al- user interface. In this way, logistics, including anesthesia, lows for parallel use of the SPECT and OI module. are simplified and may improve animal welfare. Because animal positioning is no longer an issue with respect to Dark box co-registration of the imaging results, the complemen- The dark box uses a rail system to slide over the table, tary value of the different modalities can be exploited to enabling animal placement. The sliding mechanism con- its full extent; e.g. bioluminescent tumor cell localization sists of a U-profile mounted on the box and rails ⑧ combined with tracer distribution imaging (fluorescence mounted on the table that contains the XYZ stage to and/or nuclear). move the bed mounted at the front side of the U- While other groups mainly focus on integrating SPECT. When the box slides to its closed position, it is nuclear imaging with three-dimensional (3D) fluo- lowered by about 1 cm. In this way, the U profiles lock rescence optical tomography (FOT) imaging [15-18] over the rails. Blackboard paint has been applied on the or fluorescence-mediated tomography (FMT) [19], we rails and the U-profile to ensure the light tightness in consider optical imaging, both bioluminescence and locked position. fluorescence, as intrinsically superficial technology, cur- To further block ambient light, all joints on the box rently most suitable for planar imaging. Today, planar have been sealed with Sikaflex-221 (Sika AG, Baar, Zug, imaging is applied in the far majority of optical imaging Switzerland) sealant. Blackboard paint is applied to the studies in preclinical research since optical tomography inside of the box to avoid light reflections. A black ABS- is still highly challenging due to the ill-posed nature of plastic insert ⑦ has been fitted to cover the entrance of optical data caused by strong light absorption and dif- the U-SPECT to prevent leakage of ambient light into fusion [20]. Therefore, we pursued integration of planar the dark box and to avoid reflections from the metallic optical imaging with SPECT.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Recent Advances in Multi-Modality Molecular Imaging of Small Animals
    8/3/2016 Recent Advances in Multi-modality Molecular Imaging of Small Animals Benjamin M. W. Tsui, Ph.D. Department of Radiology August 3, 2016 1 Outline Introduction Early developments of molecular imaging (MI) of small animals (SA) Development of multi-modality MI of SA – Instrumentation – Image reconstruction and processing methods Recent advances Comparing Biomedical Imaging Techniques US MRI X-ray CT SPECT PET OPTICAL Anatomical Yes Yes Yes No No No Functional Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Resolution Sub- Sub- Sub- <1 mm ~1 mm Sub- millimeter millimeter millimeter (0.6 – 0.3mm) micron Molecular No Good No Excellent Excellent Excellent Target Molecular targeting No Poor No Good Excellent Poor sensitivity Translational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 1 8/3/2016 Traditional Nuclear Medicine Imaging Techniques an important function imaging modality Activity labels tracer or biomarkers w/ radioisotope distribution administers radio-tracer into patient Gamma detects photon emissions using position- photons sensitive detectors Collimator Provides localization & biodistribution information of radiotracers - e.g., perfusion, potassium analog, monoclonal antibody Scintillation Clinical applications crystal Scintillation - e.g., cardiac and kidney functions, cancer Camera Positioning Photomultiplier detection, neurological disorders circuitry tube array EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (ECT) an important function imaging modality Nuclear imaging combined with computed tomography (Image reconstruction from multiple projections) Categories of ECT - PET
    [Show full text]
  • Preclinical SPECT Imaging Based on Compact Collimators and High Resolution Scintillation Detectors
    Preklinische SPECT-beeldvorming gebaseerd op compacte collimatoren en hogeresolutiescintillatiedetectoren Preclinical SPECT Imaging Based on Compact Collimators and High Resolution Scintillation Detectors Karel Deprez Promotoren: prof. dr. S. Vandenberghe, prof. dr. R. Van Holen Proefschrift ingediend tot het behalen van de graad van Doctor in de Ingenieurswetenschappen Vakgroep Elektronica en Informatiesystemen Voorzitter: prof. dr. ir. J. Van Campenhout Faculteit Ingenieurswetenschappen en Architectuur Academiejaar 2013 - 2014 ISBN 978-90-8578-672-6 NUR 954, 959 Wettelijk depot: D/2014/10.500/18 Department of Electronics and Information Systems Medical Image and Signal Processing (MEDISIP) Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Ghent University MEDISIP IBiTech Campus Heymans, Blok B De Pintelaan 185 9000 Ghent Belgium Promotors Prof. dr. Stefaan Vandenberghe Prof. dr. Roel Van Holen Board of examiners Prof. dr. ir. Patrick De Baets, Ghent University, chairman Dr. Michael Tytgat, Ghent University / CERN, secretary Prof. dr. Luc Van Hoorebeke, Ghent University Prof. dr. Dennis Schaart, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Prof. dr. Carlo Fiorini, Politecnico di Milano, Italy Dr. Samuel Espana˜ Palomares, Advanced Imaging Unit, Centro Nacional de Inves- tigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Spain Dr. Peter Bruyndonckx, Bruker MicroCT, Belgium This work was supported by the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) of the European Union through the SUBLIMA project (Grant Agreement No 241711) Acknowledgements The work presented in this dissertation started in 2008, shortly after the birth of my daughter, and was finished in early 2014. Before I started at the university I had been working for several years as a electronics design engineer at Barco and Gemidis. The first thing that struck me when I started at the university was the content of my work.
    [Show full text]
  • Imaging Technologies for Preclinical Models of Bone and Joint Disorders
    Tremoleda et al. EJNMMI Research 2011, 1:11 http://www.ejnmmires.com/content/1/1/11 REVIEW Open Access Imaging technologies for preclinical models of bone and joint disorders Jordi L Tremoleda1*, Magdy Khalil1, Luke L Gompels2, Marzena Wylezinska-Arridge1, Tonia Vincent2 and Willy Gsell1 Abstract Preclinical models for musculoskeletal disorders are critical for understanding the pathogenesis of bone and joint disorders in humans and the development of effective therapies. The assessment of these models primarily relies on morphological analysis which remains time consuming and costly, requiring large numbers of animals to be tested through different stages of the disease. The implementation of preclinical imaging represents a keystone in the refinement of animal models allowing longitudinal studies and enabling a powerful, non-invasive and clinically translatable way for monitoring disease progression in real time. Our aim is to highlight examples that demonstrate the advantages and limitations of different imaging modalities including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and optical imaging. All of which are in current use in preclinical skeletal research. MRI can provide high resolution of soft tissue structures, but imaging requires comparatively long acquisition times; hence, animals require long-term anaesthesia. CT is extensively used in bone and joint disorders providing excellent spatial resolution and good contrast for bone imaging. Despite its excellent structural assessment of mineralized structures, CT does not provide in vivo functional information of ongoing biological processes. Nuclear medicine is a very promising tool for investigating functional and molecular processes in vivo with new tracers becoming available as biomarkers.
    [Show full text]
  • Hybrid Gamma Camera Imaging: Translation from Bench to Bedside
    Hybrid Gamma Camera Imaging: Translation from Bench to Bedside A thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Aik Hao Ng MMed.Phys. Radiological Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine September 2017 Declaration I, Aik Hao Ng declare that the work presented in this thesis is my own original work based on the research undertaken during my PhD study period unless otherwise referenced or acknowledged. ii “Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance, you must keep moving.” - Albert Einstein Abstract There is increasing interest in the use of small field of view (SFOV) portable gamma cameras in medical imaging. A novel hybrid optical-gamma camera (HGC) has been developed through a collaboration between the Universities of Leicester and Nottingham. This system offers high resolution gamma and optical imaging and shows potential for use at the patient bedside, or in the operating theatre. The aim of this thesis was to translate the HGC technology from in vitro laboratory studies to clinical use in human subjects. Pilot studies were undertaken with the HGC as part of this thesis. Furthermore, efforts have been made to transform the HGC technologies into a new medical device, known as Nebuleye. Initial physical evaluation of the pre-production prototype camera was carried out as part of the device developmental process, highlighting some aspects of the design that require further modification. A complete and rigorous testing scheme to assess the pre-production prototype camera has been developed and successfully implemented. The newly introduced tests enabled the system uniformity, system sensitivity, detector head shielding leakage, optical-gamma image alignment and optical image quality of the hybrid camera to be assessed objectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Hu11b6 for Prostate Cancer Theranostics Oskar Vilhelmsson Timmermand1, Jörgen Elgqvist2, Kai A
    Theranostics 2019, Vol. 9, Issue 8 2129 Ivyspring International Publisher Theranostics 2019; 9(8): 2129-2142. doi: 10.7150/thno.31179 Research Paper Preclinical efficacy of hK2 targeted [177Lu]hu11B6 for prostate cancer theranostics Oskar Vilhelmsson Timmermand1, Jörgen Elgqvist2, Kai A. Beattie3, Anders Örbom1, Erik Larsson4, Sophie E. Eriksson1, Daniel L.J. Thorek5, Bradley J. Beattie6, Thuy A. Tran7,8, David Ulmert1,3,9*, Sven-Erik Strand1,4* 1. Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden 2. Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden 3. Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA 4. Division of Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden 5. Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63108, USA. 6. Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. 7. Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden 8. Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden 9. Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), CA, USA *Equal contribution Corresponding author: Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Barngatan 4, bottom floor, 221 85 Lund, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected] © Ivyspring International Publisher. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY-NC) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Mikael Peterson KAPPAN Inkl Omslag
    SPECT Imaging using Pinhole Collimation System Design and Simulation Studies for Pre-Clinical and Clinical Imaging Peterson, Mikael 2017 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Peterson, M. (2017). SPECT Imaging using Pinhole Collimation: System Design and Simulation Studies for Pre- Clinical and Clinical Imaging. Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Medical Radiation Physics. Total number of authors: 1 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 MIKAEL PETERSON SPECT ImagingSPECT using Pinhole Collimation SPECT Imaging using Pinhole Collimation System Design and Simulation Studies for Pre- Clinical and Clinical Imaging MIKAEL PETERSON FACULTY OF SCIENCE | LUND UNIVERSITY Faculty of Science Department of Medical Radiation Physics 533771 2017 ISBN 978-91-7753-377-1 ISBN 978-91-7753-378-8 789177 9 SPECT Imaging using Pinhole Collimation System Design and Simulation Studies for Pre- Clinical and Clinical Imaging Mikael Peterson DOCTORAL DISSERTATION by due permission of the Faculty of Science, Lund University, Sweden.
    [Show full text]
  • An Integrated Radionuclide, Bioluminescence, and Fluorescence
    van Oosterom et al. EJNMMI Research 2014, 4:56 http://www.ejnmmires.com/content/4/1/56 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Open Access U-SPECT-BioFluo: an integrated radionuclide, bioluminescence, and fluorescence imaging platform Matthias N van Oosterom1,2, Rob Kreuger1*, Tessa Buckle2, Wendy A Mahn1, Anton Bunschoten2, Lee Josephson3, Fijs WB van Leeuwen2 and Freek J Beekman1,4,5 Abstract Background: In vivo bioluminescence, fluorescence, and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging provide complementary information about biological processes. However, to date these signatures are evaluated separately on individual preclinical systems. In this paper, we introduce a fully integrated bioluminescence-fluorescence-SPECT platform. Next to an optimization in logistics and image fusion, this integration can help improve understanding of the optical imaging (OI) results. Methods: An OI module was developed for a preclinical SPECT system (U-SPECT, MILabs, Utrecht, the Netherlands). The applicability of the module for bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging was evaluated in both a phantom and in an in vivo setting using mice implanted with a 4 T1-luc + tumor. A combination of a fluorescent dye and radioactive moiety was used to directly relate the optical images of the module to the SPECT findings. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) was compared to the localization of the fluorescence signal in the tumors. Results: Both the phantom and in vivo mouse studies showed that superficial fluorescence signals could be imaged accurately. The SPECT and bioluminescence images could be used to place the fluorescence findings in perspective, e.g. by showing tracer accumulation in non-target organs such as the liver and kidneys (SPECT) and giving a semi-quantitative read-out for tumor spread (bioluminescence).
    [Show full text]
  • FDA UDI Bevezetés Anyscan SPECT Termékre
    FDA UDI bevezetés AnyScan SPECT termékre Cser Dániel 2018. október 16. FOUNDATION OF MEDISO 1990 Foundation of MEDISO 1998 MEDISO acquires the Nuclear Medicine department of Gamma Works, the dominant experts and employees of Gamma Works joined MEDISO 2000 Production of the first planar gamma cameras 2006 Production of the first MEDISO preclinical SPECT-CT 2007 Production of the first MEDISO human SPECT-CT 2008 Introduction of AnyScan® the first real triple-modality human SPECT/CT/PET of the world 2014 Beginning the development of nanoScan® multi-modality preclinical system’s PET/MRI module with 3T MRI 2 MEDISO SALES MEDISO SALES CHANNELS . Sales Department at MEDISO . Foreign distributors by contract . MEDISO Subsidiaries abroad Australia, New Zealand: Mediso Pacific Cammeray, NSW Australia Established in 2012 USA: MEDISO USA, Boston, Established in 2012 Germany: MEDISO GmbH, Munster, Established in 2005 GmbH, Munster Poland: MEDISO Polska, Łódz, Established in 1998 3 MEDISO WORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTION More than 1150 SPECT, planar cameras and Hybrid systems and 170 preclinical systems were distributed by MEDISO in 90 countries of the world: Europe Albania - Armenia - Austria - Belarus - Belgium - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Croatia - Czech Republic - Denmark – Finland - France - Germany - Greece - Hungary - Italy - Lithuania - Macedonia - Moldova - Montenegro - Netherlands – Norway - Poland Romania - Russia - Serbia - Slovakia - Spain - Sweden - Switzerland - Turkey - Ukraine - United Kingdom America Argentina - Bolivia - Brazil - Canada - Cuba
    [Show full text]
  • Studies Towards Purification of Auger Electron Emitter Er
    Studies towards purification of Auger electron emitter 165Er – a possible radiolanthanide for cancer treatment Master’s thesis Salla Tapio Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki 30 November 2018 Tiedekunta – Fakultet – Faculty Koulutusohjelma – Utbildningsprogram – Degree programme Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta Kemia Tekijä – Författare – Author Salla Tapio Työn nimi – Arbetets titel – Title Studies towards purification of Auger electron emitter 165Er – a possible radiolanthanide for cancer treatment Työn laji – Arbetets art – Level Aika – Datum – Month and year Sivumäärä – Sidoantal – Number of pages Pro Gradu -työ 11/2018 87 Tiivistelmä – Referat – Abstract Syöpä on maailmanlaajuisesti yksi yleisimmistä kuolinsyistä ja syöpäkuolemien määrän odotetaan yhä nousevan johtuen väestönkasvusta sekä elämäntavoista, jotka lisäävät syöpäriskiä. Vaikka useita hoitomuotoja on tarjolla, tarvitaan jatkuvasti uusia, entistä tehokkaampia vaihtoehtoja. Kohdennettu radionukliditerapia on sisäisen sädehoidon muoto, jossa sädehoito voidaan kohdistaa selektiivisesti syöpäsoluihin käyttäen radiolääkeaineita. Radiolääkeaineet ovat molekyylejä, jotka sisältävät sekä sädehoitoon sopivan radionuklidin että biomolekyyliosan, joka sitoutua syöpäsolun pinnan proteiineihin. Uusia tapoja tuottaa ja puhdistaa sisäiseen sädehoitoon sopivia radionuklideja tutkitaan jatkuvasti. Hoidon kohdentamiseen käytettävien biomolekyylien leimaamiseen tarvitaan kemiallisesti ja radionuklidisesti puhtaita radionuklidiprekursoreita. Radionuklideja tuotetaan usein
    [Show full text]
  • Performance Evaluation of Multipinhole SPECT Systems for Short Time Frames
    Performance evaluation of mul- tipinhole µSPECT systems for short time frames Georgios Vranas Master of Science Thesis MSc Biomedical Engineering Performance evaluation of multipinhole µSPECT systems for short time frames Georgios Vranas in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree Master of Science in Biomedical Engineering at Delft University of Technology, to be defended publicly on Monday November 27, 2017 at 10.00am Supervisor: Dr.ir. D.R. Schaart Thesis committee: Dr. ir. M.C. Goorden (TU Delft) Dr. ir. A.G. Denkova (TU Delft) Dr. M. Bernsen (Erasmus MC) Ir. M. Segbers (Erasmus MC) Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering (3mE) · Delft University of Technology Copyright c All rights reserved. Abstract Purpose: The need of image (frame) acquisitions within short time intervals is of major importance for preclinical SPECT imaging. The short frame times enable higher temporal resolution which is required in bio-distribution and pharmacokinetic studies where fast dynamic imaging is performed. The present study evaluates and compares the performance of two different preclinical multipinhole SPECT systems (NanoScan, VECTor) for short frames acquisitions. Procedure (Materials & Methods) Prior to the systems comparison, the comparison and selection of the best performing fast imaging mode provided by NanoScan system (Mediso) was performed. The fast imaging modes of this system provide acquisitions with 1,2 and 3 detector position around the animal bed. This comparison was performed by using uniform phantoms (syringes) and the rods of the NEMA NU4IQ phantom (frames: 6-30s). The down-sized version of NU4IQ phantom (SPECTIQ phantom) was used in this study to compare the performance of VECTor (MILabs) and NanoScan when performing acquisitions with short frame times (18s-600s, whole body scans).
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular SPECT Imaging: an Overview
    Int J Mol Imaging. 2011; 2011: 796025. PMCID: PMC3094893 Published online 2011 Apr 5. doi: 10.1155/2011/796025 Molecular SPECT Imaging: An Overview Magdy M. Khalil, 1 ,* Jordi L. Tremoleda, 1 Tamer B. Bayomy, 2 and Willy Gsell 1 1 Biological Imaging Centre, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK 2 Nuclear Medicine Section, Medical Imaging Department, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, P.O. Box 11757, Dammam 31463, Saudi Arabia *Magdy M. Khalil: [email protected] Academic Editor: Hiroshi Watabe Received 2010 Aug 1; Accepted 2011 Feb 5. Copyright © 2011 Magdy M. Khalil et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Go to: Go to: Molecular imaging has witnessed a tremendous change over the last decade. Growing interest and emphasis are placed on this specialized technology represented by developing new scanners, pharmaceutical drugs, diagnostic agents, new therapeutic regimens, and ultimately, significant improvement of patient health care. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) have their signature on paving the way to molecular diagnostics and personalized medicine. The former will be the topic of the current paper where the authors address the current position of the molecular SPECT imaging among other imaging techniques, describing strengths and weaknesses, differences between SPECT and PET, and focusing on different SPECT designs and detection systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Preclinical Imaging: an Essential Ally in Modern Biosciences
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Scientific Repository of the Polytechnic Institute of Porto Preclinical Imaging: an Essential Ally in Modern Biosciences Lı´dia Cunha • Ildiko Horvath • Sara Ferreira • Joana Lemos • Pedro Costa • Domingos Vieira • Da´niel S. Veres • Krisztia´n Szigeti • Teresa Summavielle • Domokos Ma´the´ • Luı´s F. Metello Abstract Translational research is changing the practice of modern medicine and the way in which health problems are approached and solved. The use of small-animal models in basic and preclinical sciences is a major keystone for these kinds of research and development strategies, representing a bridge between discoveries at the molecular level and clinical implementation in diagnostics and/or therapeutics. The development of high-resolution in vivo imaging technologies provides a unique opportunity for studying disease in real time, in a quantitative way, at the molecular level, along with the ability to repeatedly and non- invasively monitor disease progression or response to treatment. The greatest advantages of preclinical imaging techniques include the reduction of biological variability and the opportunity to acquire, in continuity, an impressive amount of unique information (without interfering with the biological process under study) in distinct forms, repeated or modulated as needed, along with the substantial reduction in the number of animals required for a particular study, fully complying with 3R (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) policies. The most suitable modalities for small-animal in vivo imaging applications are based on nuclear medicine techniques (essentially, positron emission tomography [PET] and single photon emission computed tomography [SPECT]), optical imaging (OI), computed tomography (CT), magnetic reso-nance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (MRSI), and ultrasound.
    [Show full text]