ARM West Antarctic Radiation Experiment (AWARE) Field Campaign Report
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T Antarctic Ce Sheet Itiative
race Publication 3115, Vol. 1 t Antarctic ce Sheet itiative :_,.me.-1: Science and ;mentation Plan iv-_J_ E -- --__o • E _-- rz " _ • _ _v_-- . "2-. .... E _ ____ __ _k - -- - ...... --rr r_--_.-- .... m-- _ £3._= --- - • ,r- ..... _ k • -- ..... __= ---- = ............ --_ m -- -- ..... Z Im .... r .... _,... ___ "--. 11 1"1 I' I i ¸ NASA Conference Publication 3115, Vol. 1 West Antarctic Ice Sheet Initiative Volume 1: Science and Implementation Plan Edited by Robert A. Bindschadler NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland Proceedings of a workshop cosponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C., and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C., and held at Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland October 16-18, 1990 IXl/_/X National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of Management Scientific and Technical Information Division 1991 CONTENTS Page Preface v Workshop Participants vi Acknowledgements vii Map viii 1. Executive Summary 1 2. Climatic Importance of Ice Sheets 4 3. Marine Ice Sheet Instability 5 4. The West Antarctic Ice Sheet Initiative 6 4.1 Goal and Objectives 6 4.2 A Multidisciplinary Project 7 4.3 Scientific Focus: A Single Goal 7 4.4 Geographic Focus: West Antarctica 7 4.5 Duration: A Phased Approach 8 5. Science Plan 10 5.1 Glaciology 10 5.1.1 Ice Dynamics 10 5.1.2 Ice Cores 16 5.2 Meteorology 19 5.3 Oceanography 23 5.4 Geology and Geophysics 27 5.4.1 Terrestrial Geology 27 5.4.2 Marine Geology and Geophysics 28 5.4.3 Subglacial Geology and Geophysics 30 6. -
The Ross Sea Dipole - Temperature, Snow Accumulation and Sea Ice Variability in the Ross Sea Region, Antarctica, Over the Past 2,700 Years
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2017-95 Manuscript under review for journal Clim. Past Discussion started: 1 August 2017 c Author(s) 2017. CC BY 4.0 License. The Ross Sea Dipole - Temperature, Snow Accumulation and Sea Ice Variability in the Ross Sea Region, Antarctica, over the Past 2,700 Years 5 RICE Community (Nancy A.N. Bertler1,2, Howard Conway3, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen4, Daniel B. Emanuelsson1,2, Mai Winstrup4, Paul T. Vallelonga4, James E. Lee5, Ed J. Brook5, Jeffrey P. Severinghaus6, Taylor J. Fudge3, Elizabeth D. Keller2, W. Troy Baisden2, Richard C.A. Hindmarsh7, Peter D. Neff8, Thomas Blunier4, Ross Edwards9, Paul A. Mayewski10, Sepp Kipfstuhl11, Christo Buizert5, Silvia Canessa2, Ruzica Dadic1, Helle 10 A. Kjær4, Andrei Kurbatov10, Dongqi Zhang12,13, Ed D. Waddington3, Giovanni Baccolo14, Thomas Beers10, Hannah J. Brightley1,2, Lionel Carter1, David Clemens-Sewall15, Viorela G. Ciobanu4, Barbara Delmonte14, Lukas Eling1,2, Aja A. Ellis16, Shruthi Ganesh17, Nicholas R. Golledge1,2, Skylar Haines10, Michael Handley10, Robert L. Hawley15, Chad M. Hogan18, Katelyn M. Johnson1,2, Elena Korotkikh10, Daniel P. Lowry1, Darcy Mandeno1, Robert M. McKay1, James A. Menking5, Timothy R. Naish1, 15 Caroline Noerling11, Agathe Ollive19, Anaïs Orsi20, Bernadette C. Proemse18, Alexander R. Pyne1, Rebecca L. Pyne2, James Renwick1, Reed P. Scherer21, Stefanie Semper22, M. Simonsen4, Sharon B. Sneed10, Eric J., Steig3, Andrea Tuohy23, Abhijith Ulayottil Venugopal1,2, Fernando Valero-Delgado11, Janani Venkatesh17, Feitang Wang24, Shimeng -
Office of Polar Programs
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SURFACE TRAVERSE CAPABILITIES IN ANTARCTICA COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION DRAFT (15 January 2004) FINAL (30 August 2004) National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, Virginia 22230 DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SURFACE TRAVERSE CAPABILITIES IN ANTARCTICA FINAL COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................1-1 1.1 Purpose.......................................................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Comprehensive Environmental Evaluation (CEE) Process .......................................................1-1 1.3 Document Organization .............................................................................................................1-2 2.0 BACKGROUND OF SURFACE TRAVERSES IN ANTARCTICA..................................2-1 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................2-1 2.2 Re-supply Traverses...................................................................................................................2-1 2.3 Scientific Traverses and Surface-Based Surveys .......................................................................2-5 3.0 ALTERNATIVES ....................................................................................................................3-1 -
Rapid Transport of Ash and Sulfate from the 2011 Puyehue-Cordón
PUBLICATIONS Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres RESEARCH ARTICLE Rapid transport of ash and sulfate from the 2011 10.1002/2017JD026893 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle (Chile) eruption Key Points: to West Antarctica • Ash and sulfate from the June 2011 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle eruption were Bess G. Koffman1,2 , Eleanor G. Dowd1 , Erich C. Osterberg1 , David G. Ferris1, deposited in West Antarctica 3 3 3,4 1 • Depositional phasing and duration Laura H. Hartman , Sarah D. Wheatley , Andrei V. Kurbatov , Gifford J. Wong , 5 6 3,4 4 suggest rapid transport through the Bradley R. Markle , Nelia W. Dunbar , Karl J. Kreutz , and Martin Yates troposphere • Ash/sulfate phasing, ash size 1Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA, 2Now at Department of Geology, Colby distributions, and geochemistry College, Waterville, Maine, USA, 3Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA, 4School of Earth and distinguish this midlatitude eruption Climate Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA, 5Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of from low- and high-latitude eruptions Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA, 6New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Socorro, New Mexico, USA Supporting Information: • Supporting Information S1 Abstract The Volcanic Explosivity Index 5 eruption of the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcanic complex (PCC) in central Chile, which began 4 June 2011, provides a rare opportunity to assess the rapid transport and Correspondence to: deposition of sulfate and ash from a midlatitude volcano to the Antarctic ice sheet. We present sulfate, B. G. Koffman, [email protected] microparticle concentrations of fine-grained (~5 μm diameter) tephra, and major oxide geochemistry, which document the depositional sequence of volcanic products from the PCC eruption in West Antarctic snow and shallow firn. -
Integrated Tephrochonology Copyedited
U.S. Geological Survey and The National Academies; USGS OFR-2007-xxxx, Extended Abstract.yyy, 1- Integrated tephrochronology of the West Antarctic region- Implications for a potential tephra record in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide Ice Core N.W. Dunbar,1 W.C. McIntosh,1 A.V. Kurbatov,2 and T.I Wilch 3 1NMGB/EES Department, New Mexico Tech, Socorro NM, 87801, USA ( [email protected] , [email protected] ) 2Climate Change Institute 303 Bryand Global Sciences Center, Orono, ME, 04469, USA ([email protected]) 3Department of Geological Sciences, Albion College, Albion MI, 49224, USA ( [email protected] ) Summary Mount Berlin and Mt. Takahe, two West Antarctica volcanic centers have produced a number of explosive, ashfall generating eruptions over the past 500,000 yrs. These eruptions dispersed volcanic ash over large areas of the West Antarctic ice sheet. Evidence of these eruptions is observed at two blue ice sites (Mt. Waesche and Mt. Moulton) as well as in the Siple Dome and Byrd (Palais et al., 1988) ice cores. Geochemical correlations between tephra sampled at the source volcanoes, at blue ice sites, and in the Siple Dome ice core suggest that at least some of the eruptions covered large areas of the ice sheet with a volcanic ash, and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating of volcanic material provides precise timing when these events occurred. Volcanic ash from some of these events expected to be found in the WAIS Divide ice core, providing chronology and inter-site correlation. Citation: Dunbar, N.W., McIntosh, W.C., Kurbatov, A., and T.I Wilch (2007), Integrated tephrochronology of the West Antarctic region- Implications for a potential tephra record in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide Ice Core, in Antarctica: A Keystone in a Changing World – Online Proceedings of the 10 th ISAES X, edited by A. -
Rapid Cenozoic Glaciation of Antarctica Induced by Declining
letters to nature 17. Huang, Y. et al. Logic gates and computation from assembled nanowire building blocks. Science 294, Early Cretaceous6, yet is thought to have remained mostly ice-free, 1313–1317 (2001). 18. Chen, C.-L. Elements of Optoelectronics and Fiber Optics (Irwin, Chicago, 1996). vegetated, and with mean annual temperatures well above freezing 4,7 19. Wang, J., Gudiksen, M. S., Duan, X., Cui, Y. & Lieber, C. M. Highly polarized photoluminescence and until the Eocene/Oligocene boundary . Evidence for cooling and polarization sensitive photodetectors from single indium phosphide nanowires. Science 293, the sudden growth of an East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) comes 1455–1457 (2001). from marine records (refs 1–3), in which the gradual cooling from 20. Bagnall, D. M., Ullrich, B., Sakai, H. & Segawa, Y. Micro-cavity lasing of optically excited CdS thin films at room temperature. J. Cryst. Growth. 214/215, 1015–1018 (2000). the presumably ice-free warmth of the Early Tertiary to the cold 21. Bagnell, D. M., Ullrich, B., Qiu, X. G., Segawa, Y. & Sakai, H. Microcavity lasing of optically excited ‘icehouse’ of the Late Cenozoic is punctuated by a sudden .1.0‰ cadmium sulphide thin films at room temperature. Opt. Lett. 24, 1278–1280 (1999). rise in benthic d18O values at ,34 million years (Myr). More direct 22. Huang, Y., Duan, X., Cui, Y. & Lieber, C. M. GaN nanowire nanodevices. Nano Lett. 2, 101–104 (2002). evidence of cooling and glaciation near the Eocene/Oligocene 8 23. Gudiksen, G. S., Lauhon, L. J., Wang, J., Smith, D. & Lieber, C. M. Growth of nanowire superlattice boundary is provided by drilling on the East Antarctic margin , structures for nanoscale photonics and electronics. -
2. Disc Resources
An early map of the world Resource D1 A map of the world drawn in 1570 shows ‘Terra Australis Nondum Cognita’ (the unknown south land). National Library of Australia Expeditions to Antarctica 1770 –1830 and 1910 –1913 Resource D2 Voyages to Antarctica 1770–1830 1772–75 1819–20 1820–21 Cook (Britain) Bransfield (Britain) Palmer (United States) ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ Resolution and Adventure Williams Hero 1819 1819–21 1820–21 Smith (Britain) ▼ Bellingshausen (Russia) Davis (United States) ▼ ▼ ▼ Williams Vostok and Mirnyi Cecilia 1822–24 Weddell (Britain) ▼ Jane and Beaufoy 1830–32 Biscoe (Britain) ★ ▼ Tula and Lively South Pole expeditions 1910–13 1910–12 1910–13 Amundsen (Norway) Scott (Britain) sledge ▼ ▼ ship ▼ Source: Both maps American Geographical Society Source: Major voyages to Antarctica during the 19th century Resource D3 Voyage leader Date Nationality Ships Most southerly Achievements latitude reached Bellingshausen 1819–21 Russian Vostok and Mirnyi 69˚53’S Circumnavigated Antarctica. Discovered Peter Iøy and Alexander Island. Charted the coast round South Georgia, the South Shetland Islands and the South Sandwich Islands. Made the earliest sighting of the Antarctic continent. Dumont d’Urville 1837–40 French Astrolabe and Zeelée 66°S Discovered Terre Adélie in 1840. The expedition made extensive natural history collections. Wilkes 1838–42 United States Vincennes and Followed the edge of the East Antarctic pack ice for 2400 km, 6 other vessels confirming the existence of the Antarctic continent. Ross 1839–43 British Erebus and Terror 78°17’S Discovered the Transantarctic Mountains, Ross Ice Shelf, Ross Island and the volcanoes Erebus and Terror. The expedition made comprehensive magnetic measurements and natural history collections. -
Mcmurdo STATION MODERNIZATION STUDY Building Shell & Fenestration Study
McMURDO STATION MODERNIZATION STUDY Building Shell & Fenestration Study April 29, 2016 Final Submittal MCMURDO STATION MODERNIZATION STUDY | APRIL 29, 2016 MCMURDO STATION MODERNIZATION STUDY | APRIL 29, 2016 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1: Overview PG. 7-51 Team Directory PG. 8 Project Description PG. 9 Methodology PG. 10-11 Design Criteria/Environmental Conditions PG. 12-20 (a) General Description (b) Environmental Conditions a. Wind b. Temp c. RH d. UV e. Duration of sunlight f. Air Contaminants (c) Graphic (d) Design Criteria a. Thermal b. Air Infiltration c. Moisture d. Structural e. Fire Safety f. Environmental Impact g. Corrosion/Degradation h. Durability i. Constructability j. Maintainability k. Aesthetics l. Mechanical System, Ventilation Performance and Indoor Air Quality implications m. Structural implications PG. 21-51 Benchmarking 3 Section 2: Technical Investigation and Research PG. 53-111 Envelope Components and Assemblies PG. 54-102 (a) Components a. Cladding b. Air Barrier c. Insulation d. Vapor Barrier e. Structural f. Interior Assembly (b) Assemblies a. Roofs b. Walls c. Floors Fenestration PG. 103-111 (a) Methodology (b) Window Components Research a. Window Frame b. Glazing c. Integration to skin (c) Door Components Research a. Door i. Types b. Glazing Section 3: Overall Recommendation PG. 113-141 Total Configured Assemblies PG. 114-141 (a) Roofs a. Good i. Description of priorities ii. Graphic b. Better i. Description of priorities ii. Graphic c. Best i. Description of priorities ii. Graphic 4 (b) Walls a. Good i. Description of priorities ii. Graphic b. Better i. Description of priorities ii. Graphic c. Best i. Description of priorities ii. -
Asynchronous Antarctic and Greenland Ice-Volume Contributions to the Last Interglacial Sea-Level Highstand
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12874-3 OPEN Asynchronous Antarctic and Greenland ice-volume contributions to the last interglacial sea-level highstand Eelco J. Rohling 1,2,7*, Fiona D. Hibbert 1,7*, Katharine M. Grant1, Eirik V. Galaasen 3, Nil Irvalı 3, Helga F. Kleiven 3, Gianluca Marino1,4, Ulysses Ninnemann3, Andrew P. Roberts1, Yair Rosenthal5, Hartmut Schulz6, Felicity H. Williams 1 & Jimin Yu 1 1234567890():,; The last interglacial (LIG; ~130 to ~118 thousand years ago, ka) was the last time global sea level rose well above the present level. Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) contributions were insufficient to explain the highstand, so that substantial Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) reduction is implied. However, the nature and drivers of GrIS and AIS reductions remain enigmatic, even though they may be critical for understanding future sea-level rise. Here we complement existing records with new data, and reveal that the LIG contained an AIS-derived highstand from ~129.5 to ~125 ka, a lowstand centred on 125–124 ka, and joint AIS + GrIS contributions from ~123.5 to ~118 ka. Moreover, a dual substructure within the first highstand suggests temporal variability in the AIS contributions. Implied rates of sea-level rise are high (up to several meters per century; m c−1), and lend credibility to high rates inferred by ice modelling under certain ice-shelf instability parameterisations. 1 Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. 2 Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK. 3 Department of Earth Science and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Allegaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway. -
West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide Ice Core Climate, Ice Sheet History, Cryobiology
QUARTERLY UPDATE August 2009 West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide Ice Core Climate, Ice Sheet History, Cryobiology 2009/2010 Field Operations Our main objectives for the coming field season are: 1) To ship ice from 680 to ~2,100 m to NICL 2) Recover core to a depth of 2,600 to 2,900 m The U.S. Antarctic Program will be establishing a multi year field camp at Byrd this season to support field operations around Pine Island Bay and elsewhere in West Antarctica. The camp at Byrd will complicate our logistics because the heavy equipment that will prepare the Byrd skiway will be flown to WAIS Divide and driven to Byrd, and a camp at Byrd will make for more competition for flights. But this is a much better plan than supporting those operations out of WAIS Divide, which would have increased the WAIS Divide population to 100 people. Other science activities at WAIS Divide this season include the following: CReSIS ground traverse to Pine Island Bay Flow dynamics of two Amundsen Sea glaciers: Thwaites and Pine Island. PI: Anandakrishnan Ocean-Ice Interaction in the Amundsen Sea sector of West Antarctica. PI: Joughin Space physics magnetometer. PI: Zesta Antarctic Automatic Weather Station Program. PI: Weidner Polar Experiment Network for Geospace Upper atmosphere Investigations. PI: Lessard Artist, paintings of ice and glacial features. PI: McKee IDDO is making several modifications to the drill that should increase the amount of core that can be recovered each time the drill is lowered into the hole, which will increase the amount of ice we can recover this season. -
Polar Ice Coring and IGY 1957-58 in This Issue
NEWSLETTER OF T H E N A T I O N A L I C E C O R E L ABORATORY — S CIE N C E M A N AGE M E N T O FFICE Vol. 3 Issue 1 • SPRING 2008 Polar Ice Coring and IGY 1957-58 In this issue . An Interview with Dr. Anthony J. “Tony” Gow Polar Ice Coring and IGY 1957-58 From the early 1950’s through the mid-1960’s, U.S. polar ice coring research was led by two U.S. Army An Interview with Dr. Tony Gow .... 1 Corps of Engineers research labs: the Snow, Ice, and Permafrost Research Establishment (SIPRE), and Upcoming Meetings ...................... 2 later, the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL). One of the high-priority research Greenland Science projects recommended by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences/National Committee for IGY 1957-58 and Education Week ..................... 3 was to deep core drill into polar ice sheets for scientific purposes. To this end, SIPRE was tasked with Ice Core Working Group developing and running the entire U.S. ice core drilling and research program. Following the successful Members ....................................... 3 pre-IGY pilot drilling trials at Site-2 NW Greenland in 1956 (305 m) and 1957 (411 m), the SIPRE WAIS Divide turned their attention to deep ice core drilling in Antarctica for IGY 1957-58. Dr. Anthony J. (Tony) Ice Core Update ............................ 5 Gow (CRREL, retired) was one of the scientists on the project. In March 2008, the NICL-SMO had Ice Cores and POLAR-PALOOZA the opportunity to sit down with Dr. -
GSA TODAY • Southeastern Section Meeting, P
Vol. 5, No. 1 January 1995 INSIDE • 1995 GeoVentures, p. 4 • Environmental Education, p. 9 GSA TODAY • Southeastern Section Meeting, p. 15 A Publication of the Geological Society of America • North-Central–South-Central Section Meeting, p. 18 Stability or Instability of Antarctic Ice Sheets During Warm Climates of the Pliocene? James P. Kennett Marine Science Institute and Department of Geological Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106 David A. Hodell Department of Geology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 ABSTRACT to the south from warmer, less nutrient- rich Subantarctic surface water. Up- During the Pliocene between welling of deep water in the circum- ~5 and 3 Ma, polar ice sheets were Antarctic links the mean chemical restricted to Antarctica, and climate composition of ocean deep water with was at times significantly warmer the atmosphere through gas exchange than now. Debate on whether the (Toggweiler and Sarmiento, 1985). Antarctic ice sheets and climate sys- The evolution of the Antarctic cryo- tem withstood this warmth with sphere-ocean system has profoundly relatively little change (stability influenced global climate, sea-level his- hypothesis) or whether much of the tory, Earth’s heat budget, atmospheric ice sheet disappeared (deglaciation composition and circulation, thermo- hypothesis) is ongoing. Paleoclimatic haline circulation, and the develop- data from high-latitude deep-sea sed- ment of Antarctic biota. iments strongly support the stability Given current concern about possi- hypothesis. Oxygen isotopic data ble global greenhouse warming, under- indicate that average sea-surface standing the history of the Antarctic temperatures in the Southern Ocean ocean-cryosphere system is important could not have increased by more for assessing future response of the Figure 1.