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The Flora of the Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia

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The Flora of the Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia Kinsia1(2): 155-193(1990) 155 The flora of the Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia T.E.H.Aolint andK.R. Newbev2' lwestem Austnlian Herba;o., o"p"*"nt of con."rv"tio,j"r,a L*d l,t"n"gon"nt, P.O Box 104.Como. Wesr€m Ausrralia 5152. Prcsentaddress:87 ClydesdaleStreel, Como,WestemAustralia6152. '?Cl-Weslem Australian Herbarium, Depanment ofConservation and l-and Management, P.O. Box 104.C-omo. Westem Au$alia 6152. Abstract Apliq T.E.H and Newbey, KR The flora ofdE Fitzgelald River Natimal Pa*, Westem Australia. Kingia 1@): 155-193 (1990). The rwned flora of the Fitzgerald River NatiorBl Pa* consisB of7 speciesoffems, ard 1100 species,15 rubspecies and 39 varieties offloweringplants. Ofthese,36 areendernic to rhe Parh 275 e lanic to rhe Elre Botanical Dislrid and 786 €ndernic to &e Soudr- West Botanical Province; 30 ofille sp€ciesare intoduced alieis. In all, E48 rara are endernic to dte State of Westem Australia while 283 ofthe native iaxa have dEir range of disEihrtion exteoding beyord dr Nulla6or rcgicn into eastem Ausmlia. In terms of species richness the Pad< has 0.47 taxa per krn'. The distribuion of plat taaa over dre main topogr4hical unis in dr Padq varia frorn 578 in de plains io 245 in ahecoastal drnes. Shlub ard snall uee life foms include 68 percent of the total nrmber of taxa *4rile geoph't€s and therophltes, between thern, make up a turther 16 percent. Introduction The Fitzgerald River National Park @ark) lies in the central south coastof Westem Australia, between the towns of Bremer Bay and Hopetoun along the coast and Jerramungup and Ravensthorpeinland (Figure 1). Threepapers have been prepared primarily on the vegetationand the flora of the Park. The first coversvegetation with backgound information on climate, geology, topography,andsoils (Aplin andNewbey 1990). This paper lists andcomments on namedplant taxa recordedup to 1980.The third paperlists additionalplant taxarecorded up to the startofthe biological surveyof the Park (July 1985),as well as unnamedtaxa and those with a high conservationvalue. This paperdeals with thefloristic elementsofthe Parkin termsof endemism,species diversity, life form and distribution. It is basedon a botanicalsurvey undertaken by staff membersof the Westem AustralianHerbarium in 1970,and on collectionsmade subsequently, mainly by Newbey(1979), in the course of a study of the vegelation of the cenral south coastal region. The phytogeographical regionsof WestemAustralia (Beard 1980) are shown on thelast page of ftis volume. Historical Background The first botanicalcollector to visit thearea occupied by thePark was W. Baxterin 1829.Later visitorswere J. Drummond(1847, 1848), J.S. Roe (1848)and G, Maxwell (1863). Sir William Hooker, thethen Director, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England, said of Drummond's1848 collection that he ' 'rarely had seenso great a numberof fine and remarkablespecies arive at any one time from one country" (Erickson1969). D..**d J.,t.,13' 1988 KingiaVol. I, No.2 (19m) Figure1. Map showinglocadon of FirzgeraldRiver NationalPa* During the first half of this centuryimportant collections were also madeby C. Andrews( I 903), C.A.tuner (195, 1931,1948),WE. Blackall (1925,1931) andtl Steedman(180, 1938).Since 1950, with the releaseof adjacentland for agdcultural development,and the subsequenteasier access to tlte Park, numerousbotanical collecting trips havebeen made to thePark by local andother botanists. Resultsand Discussion Floristic Data Namedplant taxa known to occur in the Park arelisted in Appendix 1, andvoucher specimens of most taxa havebeen lodged in the WesternAusEalian Herbarium (PERTI,. Nomenclaturefollows Green(1985) apart from two t?d.'ai'Agonis wtdulata is considereddistinctftom A. hypericifolla,and the T.E.H. Aplin & K.R. Newbey,The flora of rhe FirzgeraldRiver Narionalpart broadleafed form of ltrsiopietalumrosmarinifulium is retainedas var. tatifulium. collections and recordingsrepresent 7 speciesof fems,and 1100 species, 15 subspecies and 39 varieties offlowering plants. Thirty ofthe flowering plant speciesare inroduced. unnamedtaxa are dealt with by Newbev 0990). Endemism TheSouth-WestBotanicalhovince,in which thePalk is situated, conlains over 3600 plant species ofwhich2450, or68 percenrofrhe torai, are endemic to rheprovince(Marchant 1973). Hopper ( 1979) suggestedthat this figue couldbe ashigh as 75 to 80 percent.Hopper concluded that the existence of marine, edaphic or climatic barriers to migation since the Eocene effectively isolated most componentsof the south-westemflora from relatedgroups in eastemAustralia, and that this isolation hadbeen primarily responsible for themaintenance ofhigh specificendemism in theregion. There are 36 taxa, or 3 percent of the Park flora, endemic ro the park (Table l). The greater numbersoccur in the families Myrtaceae(9 taxa) and proteaceae(8) with lessernumbers in the Mimosaceae(4) , Goodeniaceae(3) , Rutaceae(2), Stylidiaceae (2), Epacridaceae( 1 ), Euphorbiaceae (1), Amaranthaceae(1), Solanaceae (1) Myoporaceae(1), Papilionaceae ( l), Chloanthaceae(l), and Lamiaceae(1). Thereare 7 86 taxa,or 68 percentof thePark flora, endemicto the s outh-west Botanicalprovincei of these275, or 24 percent of the Park flora, are endemicto tlre Eyre Botanical District (Table 1). Familieswhich have a largenumber of taxa,resfricted to thesouth-westBotanicalhovince, i.e 10 or more, are Cyperaceae,Restionaceae, Haemodoraceae, Olchidaceae, proteaceae, Droseraceae. Mimosaceae, Papilionaceae, Rutaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Sterculiaceae, Dilleniaceae, Thymelaeaceae,M)'rtaceae, Epacridaceae, Goodeniaceae, Stylidiaceae and Asteraceae (Table 1). The Elre Botanical District contains severalgenera each with 5 or more taxa endemic to the District(Table 2). A cacia,Eucalyptus,Banksia,Melaleuca,lzucopogonandHakea,eachwith l0 or more taxa,have the greatestnumber(Table 2). Whereaspuhenaea, B anksia and.Iasiopetalumhave the highestpercentage of endemictaxa followed,byAdenanthos, Grevillea and.Dryandra. Twenty-onegenera have 8 or moretaxa endemic to theSouth-West Bofanical hovince; of these Hakea,Boronia, Banksia, Dryandra, Verticordia, Hibbertia, Adenanthos, pultenaea, petrophile, Isopogon,lzucopogon,Drosera, Boronia, and Stylidiwnhave the highest percentage, followed by Acacia,Schoenus,Allocasuarina and, Lasiopetalum(Table2). The largestnumbers ofendemic taxa are found.in Acacia, Eucalyptus,Melaletcc, Haka andlzucopo gon, eachwilh over 20. The distribution of 375 taxa, or 32 percentof the park flora extendsbeyond the South-West Botanical Province;of these62 taxa,or 5 percentof thepark flora arerestricted to western Australia. Thus, 848 taxa,or 73 percentof thePark flora, areendemic to the Stateofwestem Australia, with the majority(786) or 93 percentofthose also endemic to theSouth-west Botanical province (Appendix l). Two hundredand eighty-three of the n atiye taxa,or 24 Wcent of tle park flora, extendsbeyond theNullarbor region into easternAustralia (Table 3). Thedisnibution of speciesoccuning outside of westem Australiawas based largely on Jessop( l9 84). Familiesin which over 60 percentofrecorded taxa are also native to eastern Australia, are ophioglossaceae,Dennstaedtiaceae, Adiantaceae, Aspleniaceae,Potamogetonaceae, Juncaginaceae, Centrolepidaceae, Juncaceae, Urticaceae, Santalaceae,Polygonaceae, Chenopodiaceae,Portulacaceae, Lauraceae, Crassulaceae. 158 KingiaVol. I, No.2 (1990) Oxalidaceae,Linaceae, Zygophyllaceae,Malvaceae, Clusiaceae, Apiaceae, Gentianaceae, Apocynaceae,Convolvulaceae, Boraginaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Plantaginaceae, Campanulaceae, and Asteraceae(Table 3). In many ofthese families represenBtionin the Parkmay be limited to one taxon only. Of the 36 taxa endemicto the Park, 24 areendemic to the topographicalunit of peaksand ridges, while a further5, foundin tiis unit,also occur elsewhere (Appendix 1). Theremaining 7 taxawhich do not occur in the peaks and ridges unit aro endemic to other topographical units within the Park boundarv. Table 1. The number and percentag€ of taxa recorded in the Park that are endemic to the south.west Bofanlcal Province, the Eyre Botanical District and the Park. Family sequence follows Grcen (198t No. (and %) of Pa* taxa endemic to No.oftaxa Family recorded in tie Park S.W.Bobnical Eyre Botanical ThePart Province Dislrict Ophioglossac€e 1 Adiantaceae 3 Dennstaedtiace3e I 2 Cupressaceae 4 3_(7sc., r- (2sE) Polamogetonaceae I Juncaginaceae 4 4 (155.) L ( 4q.) Cyperaceae 53 e (ava) 2 ( 4ca') Restionaceae 2t (91q") | ( 4C"\ Centrolepidaceae 6 2 (33E) Philydrac€ae 1 r 0007.) 5 '7 Das''pogonaceae l0 ('70%\ Xanrhorrhoeaceae I 1(tuMo) Phormiaceae 2 8 (50E) 3 (tgEa') Colchicacae 2 | (s|Ea) Haemodoraceae l3 n (92Ca) 3 (2350) H}?oxidaceae 2 1 (soEo) Iridaceae 5 4 (8ovo) i <nooo Orchidaceae 47 2s (s3q.) Casuarinaceae 9 E (89C") 2 (225.) Unicaceae 1 Proleaceae 115 ttt (96Eo) s (4sEo) i <rra Santalaceae 10 3 (30E) | (toEa) Olacaceae 2 2 (r@Ea) Loralrthaceae I I (1007,) - Polygonac€ae I Chenopodiaceae a | ( 4q.\ 4 (8050) | (mEo) | Qoq.) Gyrostemonaceae 2 2 (t@ca) 5 | (msa) Molluginaceae I | (tM%) Portula$cea€ 2 Ranunculaceae z | (soE) Lauraceae 4 | (25Eo) Brrssicaceae 3 Droseraceae t2 tr ( Eo\ Crassulaceae 3 Pittosporaceae 7 i rrtr.l 2 (29E) T.E.H. Aplin & K.R. Newbey,The flora of rhe FirzgeraldRiver NarionalPark 159 Table 1 (contlnued). The number atrd perceDtag€of taxa recorded ln the Park thaf are endemic lo th€ South. West Botanical Provincg the Eyr€ Botanical District and the Park. Fernily s€quence follows Green (19tt No, (and 7o) of Park taxa eDdemic to No,oftaxa Family recordedin
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