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A Companion to Gregory the Great Brill’S Companions to the Christian Tradition A Companion to Gregory the Great Brill’s Companions to the Christian Tradition A series of handbooks and reference works on the intellectual and religious life of Europe, 500–1800 Editor-in-Chief Christopher M. Bellitto (Kean University) VOLUME 47 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/bcct A Companion to Gregory the Great Edited by Bronwen Neil and Matthew Dal Santo LEIDEN • BOSTON 2013 Cover illustration: Pope Gregory I leading a rogatory procession past Castel Sant’Angelo, Rome. From Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry, MS 65, Musée Condé (Chantilly), fol. 71v. Used with permission of the Agence Photographique de la RMN et du Grand Palais. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A companion to Gregory the Great / edited by Bronwen Neil and Matthew Dal Santo. pages cm. — (Brill’s companions to the Christian tradition ; 47) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-25775-7 (hardback : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-25776-4 (e-book : alk. paper) 1. Gregory I, Pope, approximately 540–604. I. Neil, Bronwen. II. Dal Santo, Matthew. BR65.G56C65 2013 270.2092—dc23 2013027544 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. ISSN 1871-6377 ISBN 978-90-04-25775-7 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-25776-4 (e-book) Copyright 2013 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. To Robert Markus CONTENTS Contributors ..................................................................................................... xi Abbreviations ................................................................................................... xiii List of Figures ................................................................................................... xv Editors’ Preface ................................................................................................ xvii PART 1 THE LIFE AND CONTEXT OF GREGORY I 1. The Papacy in the Age of Gregory the Great ................................... 3 Bronwen Neil 2. Gregory’s Missions to the Barbarians ................................................. 29 Cristina Ricci 3. Gregory the Great, the Empire and the Emperor ........................... 57 Matthew Dal Santo 4. Gregory the Great and Monasticism ................................................... 83 Barbara Müller 5. Gregory and the Greek East ................................................................... 109 Phil Booth PART 2 GREGORy’S THEOLOGICAL VISION 6. The Theology of Gregory the Great: Christ, Salvation and the Church .................................................................................................. 135 Bernard Green 7. Gregory’s Eschatology .............................................................................. 157 Jane Baun viii contents 8. Gregory’s Moral Theology: Divine Providence and Human Responsibility ............................................................................................ 177 Carole Straw 9. Gregory’s Model of Spiritual Direction in the Liber Regulae Pastoralis .................................................................................................... 205 George E. Demacopoulos 10. Hagiography and the Cult of Saints ................................................... 225 Stephen Lake PART 3 LITERARY ASPECTS OF GREGORy’S WORKS 11. Gregory’s Literary Inheritance ............................................................. 249 John Moorhead 12. Gregory’s Exegesis: Old and New Ways of Approaching the Scriptural Text .......................................................................................... 269 Scott DeGregorio 13. A Cooperative Correspondence: The Letters of Gregory the Great ............................................................................................................ 291 Richard Matthew Pollard PART 4 RECEPTION 14. The Legacy of Gregory the Great in the Latin West ...................... 315 Constant J. Mews and Claire Renkin 15. Gregory the Great in the Byzantine Tradition ............................... 343 Andrew Louth 16. The Reception of Gregory in the Renaissance and Reformation ................................................................................................ 359 Ann Kuzdale contents ix Bibliography ..................................................................................................... 387 General Index ................................................................................................... 419 CONTRIBUTORS Dr Jane BAUN, University of Oxford Dr Philip BOOTH, Trinity College, Oxford Dr Matthew DAL SANTO, Trinity College, Cambridge Dr Scott DEGREGORIO, University of Michigan Dr George E. DEMACOPOULOS, Fordham University Dr Bernard GREEN, Campion Hall, Oxford Dr Ann KUZDALE, Chicago State University Dr Stephen LAKE, Independent Scholar Prof Andrew LOUTH, University of Durham Prof Constant J. MEWS, Monash University Prof John MOORHEAD, University of Queensland Prof Dr Barbara MÜLLER, University of Hamburg Dr Bronwen NEIL, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane Dr Richard M. POLLARD, University of British Columbia Dr Claire RENKIN, United Faculty of Theology, Melbourne Dr Cristina RICCI, University of Basel Prof Carole STRAW, Mount Holyoke College ABBREVIATIONS Ep. Epistola Epp. Epistolae l. line ll. lines n.d. no date n.p. no place n.s. new series Editions ACO Acta conciliorum oecumenicorum CCCM Corpus Christianorum continuatio medievalis CCSG Corpus Christianorum series graeca CCSL Corpus Christianorum series latina CSEL Corpus scriptorum ecclesiasticorum latinorum GCS Griechischen christlichen Schriftsteller GNO Gregorii Nysseni opera MGH Monumenta Germaniae historica AA Auctores antiquissimi Chron. Min. Chronica minora Epp. Epistolae SS Scriptores SSRL Scriptores rerum Langobardicarum et Italicarum SSRM Scriptores rerum Merovingicarum PG Patrologia graeca PL Patrologia latina SC Sources chrétiennes Works of Gregory Dial. Dialogorum libri IV de miraculis patrum italicorum (SC 251, 260, 265) HEv. Homiliae in Evangelia (CCSL 141) HEz. Homiliae in Hiezechielem (CCSL 142) xiv abbreviations Cant. In canticum canticorum (CCSL 144) I Reg. In I librum Regum (CCSL 144) Mor. Moralia in Iob (CCSL 143, 143A, 143B) Reg. Registrum epistolarum (CCSL 140 and 140A) RP Regula pastoralis (SC 381 and 382) Other Ancient/Medieval Works Augustine, De civ. Dei De civitate Dei Augustine, Enarr. in Ps. Enarrationes in Psalmos Gregory of Tours HF Historia Francorum HE Historia Ecclesiastica LP Liber Pontificalis LPR Liber Pontificalis ecclesiae Ravennatis Paul the Deacon HL Historia Langobardorum Reference Works RAC Realenzyklopädie für Antike und Christentum RE Realenzyklopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, ed. Pauly- Wissowa TRE Theologische Realenzyklopädie Other abbreviations of works as in Thesaurus Linguae Latinae. LIST OF FIGURES 1 St. Gallen, “Gregory the Great”, from the Hartker Antiphonal, St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 390, p. 13 c.990–1000 [photo used with permission] ............................................................... 340 2 Taddeo Gaddi, “The Supper in the House of the Pharisee”, detail from the Refectory, Santa Croce, Florence c.1330–40 [photo used with permission] ............................................................... 341 3 Israhel van Meckenhem, “Mass of St. Gregory”, engraving, 1480–90. London, British Museum [photo used with permission] ................................................................................................. 342 EDITORS’ PREFACE A companion to Gregory the Great should be wide-ranging and gather together the best of scholarship—old and new—on the subject in an interesting format. We have aimed to assemble a range of chapters that address the best of Gregorian scholarship over the past 200 years. The recent 1400-year anniversary in 2004 of Gregory’s death makes this all the more timely. The most obvious question for a volume like this to answer is: What made Gregory “great”? While the Middle Ages had no difficulty recognizing Gregory among its most authoritative points of reference, modern readers have not always found this question as easy to answer.1 As with any great figure, however, there are two sides to Gregory—the his- torical and the universal. This handbook hopes to capture Gregory’s “great- ness” from both of these angles: what made Gregory stand out among his contemporaries (as well as wherein he did not); and what is unique about Gregory’s contribution (preserved above all in his literary works) to the development of human thought and described human experience. The Historical Gregory Regarding the historical Gregory, recent scholarship has focused on ques- tions
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