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Federal Relief Programs in the 19Th Century: a Reassessment
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare Volume 19 Issue 3 September Article 8 September 1992 Federal Relief Programs in the 19th Century: A Reassessment Frank M. Loewenberg Bar-Ilan University, Israel Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/jssw Part of the Social History Commons, Social Work Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Loewenberg, Frank M. (1992) "Federal Relief Programs in the 19th Century: A Reassessment," The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare: Vol. 19 : Iss. 3 , Article 8. Available at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/jssw/vol19/iss3/8 This Article is brought to you by the Western Michigan University School of Social Work. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Federal Relief Programs in the 19th Century: A Reassessment FRANK M. LOEWENBERG Bar-Ilan University Israel School of Social Work The American model of the welfare state, incomplete as it may be, was not plucked out of thin air by the architects of the New Deal in the 1930s. Instead it is the product and logical evolution of a long histori- cal process. 19th century federal relief programsfor various population groups, including veterans, native Americans, merchant sailors, eman- cipated slaves, and residents of the District of Columbia, are examined in order to help better understand contemporary welfare developments. Many have argued that the federal government was not in- volved in social welfare matters prior to the 1930s - aside from two or three exceptions, such as the establishment of the Freed- man's Bureau in the years after the Civil War and the passage of various federal immigration laws that attempted to stem the flood of immigrants in the 1880s and 1890s. -
Definingromanticnationalism-Libre(1)
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Notes towards a definition of Romantic Nationalism Leerssen, J. Publication date 2013 Document Version Final published version Published in Romantik Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Leerssen, J. (2013). Notes towards a definition of Romantic Nationalism. Romantik, 2(1), 9- 35. http://ojs.statsbiblioteket.dk/index.php/rom/article/view/20191/17807 General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:30 Sep 2021 NOTES TOWARDS A DEFINITION Romantic OF ROMANTIC Nationalism NATIONALISM [ JOEP LEERSSEN ABSTR While the concept ‘Romantic nationalism’ is becoming widespread, its current usage tends to compound the vagueness inherent in its two constituent terms, Romanticism and na- tionalism. In order to come to a more focused understanding of the concept, this article A surveys a wide sample of Romantically inflected nationalist activities and practices, and CT nationalistically inflected cultural productions and reflections of Romantic vintage, drawn ] from various media (literature, music, the arts, critical and historical writing) and from dif- ferent countries. -
Georgetown's Historic Houses
VITUAL FIELD TRIPS – GEORGETOWN’S HISTORIC HOUSES Log Cabin This log cabin looks rather small and primitive to us today. But at the time it was built, it was really quite an advance for the gold‐seekers living in the area. The very first prospectors who arrived in the Georgetown region lived in tents. Then they built lean‐tos. Because of the Rocky Mountain's often harsh winters, the miners soon began to build cabins such as this one to protect themselves from the weather. Log cabin in Georgetown Photo: N/A More About This Topic Log cabins were a real advance for the miners. Still, few have survived into the 20th century. This cabin, which is on the banks of Clear Creek, is an exception. This cabin actually has several refinements. These include a second‐story, glass windows, and interior trim. Perhaps these things were the reasons this cabin has survived. It is not known exactly when the cabin was built. But clues suggest it was built before 1870. Historic Georgetown is now restoring the cabin. The Tucker‐Rutherford House James and Albert Tucker were brothers. They ran a grocery and mercantile business in Georgetown. It appears that they built this house in the 1870s or 1880s. Rather than living the house themselves, they rented it to miners and mill workers. Such workers usually moved more often than more well‐to‐do people. They also often rented the places where they lived. When this house was built, it had only two rooms. Another room was added in the 1890s. -
Eugène Delacroix the Artist Eugène Delacroix Born in Saint-Maurice-En-Chalencon, France 1798; Died in Paris, France 1863
Eugène Delacroix Horse Frightened by Lightning , 1824–1829 watercolor, white heightening, gum Arabic watercolor on paper, 94 x 126 in. Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest, Hungary Self-Portrait, c.1837 oil on canvas The Louvre, Paris The Artist Eugène Delacroix Born in Saint-Maurice-en-Chalencon, France 1798; died in Paris, France 1863 Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix was a French Romantic artist regarded from the outset of his career as the leader of the French Romantic School. Born in France in 1798, Delacroix was orphaned at the age of 16. In 1816 he began his formal art training, learning the neoclassical style of Jacques- Louis David. Delacroix’s first major painting, The Barque of Dante, was accepted into the Paris Salon in 1822, earning him national fame. He turned away from the neoclassical style, and became one of the best-known Romantic painters, favoring imaginative scenes from literature and historical events. Highly acclaimed works include Death of Sardanapalus and Liberty Leading the People , a painting inspired by France’s uprising against King Charles X in 1830. In 1832, Delacroix spent 6 months in North Africa, and created many paintings inspired by Arabic culture and the sun-drenched landscape. Delacroix continued to be very popular in his lifetime, exhibiting many works in the Paris salon, and receiving commissions to decorate important Parisian buildings. Delacroix died on August 13, 1863. Art Movement Romanticism The Romantic Movement was inspired in part by the ideas of Rousseau, who declared that “Man is born free, but is everywhere in chains!” Romanticism emerged from the desire for freedom – political freedom, freedom of thought, of feeling, of action, of worship, of speech, and of taste. -
Paris and London in Frances Burney's Novels
Transcending National Identity: Paris and London in Frances Burney’s Novels Marianna D’Ezio University for Foreigners of Perugia, Italy Synergies Royaume-Uni Royaume-Uni Summary: When British novelist Frances Burney decided to marry a penniless, French, not to mention Roman Catholic émigré in 1793, not even the strong 59-74 pp. opposition of her beloved father, the renowned musicologist Charles Burney, et could dissuade her. “Fanny” was forty-one years old and, despite wanting to Irlande become a dramatist, had already written several influential novels, including Evelina (1778) and Cecilia (1782). The central theme in Burney’s novels was n° 3 the portrayal and treatment of the heroines’ internal battles between the attraction of, and repulsion by London’s fashionable life, where consumption - 2010 was foremost and a vital part of everyday activities. London was the place where Burney grew up, began her literary career and refined her taste and acute critical attitude. Indeed, it was her contact with the most fashionable coteries of the time, primarily the Streatham circle, that introduced her to her literary mentor, Samuel Johnson. Burney’s parables on fashion and its effects on young women’s prospective ambitions may well be best represented by her lesser known novel, The Wanderer (1812). This novel witnessed a change in setting which mirrored that of the time: the appeal of London life in the 1790s had made way for smaller resorts such as Brighton, in addition to locations further afield, of which one was Paris. Her ability to perceive the transformation of “the city” from a mere urban setting into a modern, multicultural metropolis was made possible by her marriage to Alexandre Jean-Baptiste Piochard d’Arblay and her subsequent move to Paris. -
On Teaching the History of Nineteenth-Century Music
On Teaching the History of Nineteenth-Century Music Walter Frisch This essay is adapted from the author’s “Reflections on Teaching Nineteenth- Century Music,” in The Norton Guide to Teaching Music History, ed. C. Matthew Balensuela (New York: W. W Norton, 2019). The late author Ursula K. Le Guin once told an interviewer, “Don’t shove me into your pigeonhole, where I don’t fit, because I’m all over. My tentacles are coming out of the pigeonhole in all directions” (Wray 2018). If it could speak, nineteenth-century music might say the same ornery thing. We should listen—and resist forcing its composers, institutions, or works into rigid categories. At the same time, we have a responsibility to bring some order to what might seem an unmanageable segment of music history. For many instructors and students, all bets are off when it comes to the nineteenth century. There is no longer a clear consistency of musical “style.” Traditional generic boundaries get blurred, or sometimes erased. Berlioz calls his Roméo et Juliette a “dramatic symphony”; Chopin writes a Polonaise-Fantaisie. Smaller forms that had been marginal in earlier periods are elevated to unprecedented levels of sophistication by Schubert (lieder), Schumann (character pieces), and Liszt (etudes). Heightened national identity in many regions of the European continent resulted in musical characteristics which become more identifiable than any pan- geographic style in works by composers like Musorgsky or Smetana. At the college level, music of the nineteenth century is taught as part of music history surveys, music appreciation courses, or (more rarely these days) as a stand-alone course. -
Transcendentalism: a Critique of Today's World Through the Eyes Of
Transcendentalism: A Critique of Today’s World Through the Eyes of a Nineteenth Century Transcendentalist Throughout history, human thought has shaped the processes and actions that make up the world we live in today. It has been at the root of every war as well as every treaty and negotiation. Human thought has fueled hatred and acceptance, wrath and peace, and it has endured through history despite each attempt to repress it. There have been intellectual movements throughout history in which human thought has influenced society’s culture and how it approaches its members and problems. Two such time periods were the Enlightenment and the Second Great Awakening, the latter of which being when Transcendentalism first came to the forefront of human thought. Transcendentalism was a spiritual and philosophical movement that developed in the 1820s and 1830s with roots in Kantian philosophy and German Romanticism.1 This philosophy argued for individualism and each person’s ability to make sense of the Universe through their own Spirit and Reason. In today’s world, Transcendentalist thought is often overlooked and is rarely taught or practiced. Regardless, modern society reflects the one in which Transcendentalists lived in the sense that they have both been marked by technological revolutions and the current societal issues are products of those that Transcendentalists once fought against. It is for this reason that we must look at what Transcendentalism is and how Transcendentalists responded to their society and its problems so that we may begin to do the same within our own society. To do this, it is necessary to look at Ralph Waldo Emerson’s 1 History.com Editors, “Transcendentalism,” HISTORY, August 21, 2018, www.history.com/topics/19th-century/transcendentalism. -
“Let Us Not Desert One Another”: Women Writing Friendship and Community in the Long Eighteenth Century
“LET US NOT DESERT ONE ANOTHER”: WOMEN WRITING FRIENDSHIP AND COMMUNITY IN THE LONG EIGHTEENTH CENTURY By KADESH LAURIDSEN A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2014 © 2014 Kadesh Lauridsen To my son, who is my wonder and my world ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In my life, and in the completion of this work, I have been blessed with the support of a strong, vibrant community of women. My mothers—Pamela Foster, Lois Mills, and Frances Jackson—have demonstrated throughout my life the virtues of patience, compassion, and unconditional love. My sisters—Tamara Lauridsen, La-Titia Jackson, and Traci Klass—have been the cheerleaders, the waiting shoulders, and the outstretched hands I’ve needed along the way. My mentor, Judy Page, represents to me the epitome of a true feminist scholar—one whose engagement in empowering women reaches into her teaching, her writing, and her personal relationships. Words are inadequate to express my thanks for her contributions to my understanding of literature, history, gender, and our profession. Most of all, I thank her for giving so selflessly of her time. I owe the greatest debt of gratitude in the completion of this project to my dear friend, spiritual sister, and intellectual twin Randi Marie Addicott. Her encouragement, multiple readings, reviews, suggestions, and availability for impromptu brainstorming sessions have been indispensable. Randi Marie’s natural sympathy and witty charm embody the best that true women’s friendship has to offer. Our world is brighter because of the sunshine she brings to it. -
Tfs 1.1 2015
VOL.1 No .1, 2015 Inside this issue Cache in the attic Mary Dr Belinda Burwell’s discovery of several rare English women writers Knowles: in a family library collection in Pennsylvania artist, abolitionist and poet Natasha Duquette, former visiting fellow, investigates A fascinating find R BELINDA BURWELL is accustomed to Boarding School (1798), a fascinating cross Secret note discovered in one of our portraits rescuing wild animals. The Founder between an epistolary novel and a conduct book. D and Director of a busy wildlife refuge How a woman writer in Virginia, USA, Belinda spends much of her This surprise stash unearthed by Belinda once time caring for injured and sick animals and belonged to a cousin of her father, Isabella brought inoculation releasing them back into the wild once their Cameron van Lennep, known as Belle, who to England recovery is complete. This year though, her was a descendant of a grand plantation family in rescue work has taken an unexpected turn: Virginia. Belle had polio as a child and walked salvaging long-forgotten books. with two canes. She married Jonhkeer Eric van Lennep, Dutch nobility, and they settled in Belinda’s father, Charles Lee Burwell, a great New York City. Belle must have been a keen bibliophile, saved every family book ever given reader and book collector and, having no heirs, to him, amassing a collection of some 10,000 she left her collection of books to Belinda’s books. Now at age 97, he cannot enjoy them all father Charles. and so asked the family to look through them deciding which ones to keep and which should Belinda has generously offered to donate this find a better home elsewhere. -
Dracula by Bram Stoker
Dracula By Bram Stoker ENG113 Professor Harris Kyle Brady, Amanda Saxer Aurora Smith, Taylor Smith Juliet Stubblebine Vampires: A Background Vampire s • General Definition – Vampires (and werewolves) are among oldest creatures in mythology & exist universally • Mesopotamians, Hebrews, Ancient Greeks, Romans • Origins of Vampire Myth – Stems almost exclusively from 18th Century Slavic tales – Began as vague demon & explanation for eclipses •Causes – Almost everything! • Reasons Behind the Myths We Know and Love – Stake through the heart – Decapitation – Lack of reflection – Garlic – Crosses Relevant History Historical Events Jack the Second cholera Irish Potato Ripper Pandemic reaches Famine terrorizes British Isles (until 1852) London 1832 1845 1888 1837 1851 1895 Queen Victoria Napoleon III of France Oscar Wilde Rules (until 1901) becomes dictator convicted (until 1870) of sodomy Major Themes of the Era Age of Reforms Worker’s rights Age of Empire Public health acts Voter reform Women’s Rights Food/Drug Acts Several revolts in colonies Bankruptcy/ Wars to create colonies/ Insolvency Act prevent other countries Limits to death from colonizing penalty Crimean War, Second Trade Unions Opium War, Anglo- Judicial Reforms Persian War, etc. Age of Consent raised Greater religious freedom Age of Scientific Advances Industrial Revolution Trains Shift from Astronomical agrarian to Darwin/Evolution urban Photography Frequent New Elements outbreaks Medical of disease Dynamite Invented Telegraph Oceanography Telephone Motion Pictures The Underground -
Professionalism and the Market in 19Th-Century Europe
University of Kentucky UKnowledge Art & Visual Studies Presentations Art & Visual Studies 5-21-2015 Professionalism and the Market in 19th-Century Europe Robert Jensen University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits oy u. Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/art_present Part of the Art and Design Commons, Modern Art and Architecture Commons, and the Theory and Criticism Commons Repository Citation Jensen, Robert, "Professionalism and the Market in 19th-Century Europe" (2015). Art & Visual Studies Presentations. 2. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/art_present/2 This Presentation is brought to you for free and open access by the Art & Visual Studies at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Art & Visual Studies Presentations by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Professionalism and the Market in 19th-Century Europe Dr. Robert Jensen Director School of Art and Visual Studies 207 Fine Arts Bldg. University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, 40506 U.S.A. [email protected] Introduction As I was preparing my talk for this conference I happened to read an essay by a former colleague, Susan Waller, about a group of late self- portraits by the great academician Jean-Léon Gérôme. In her paper, Waller attempted to account for Gérôme’s significant preoccupation with self-portraiture in the late 1880s and early 1890s. She described these images as expressions of the -
Frances Burney: the "Mother of English Fiction"
Published on Great Writers Inspire (http://writersinspire.org) Home > Frances Burney: the "Mother of English Fiction" Frances Burney: the "Mother of English Fiction" By Kate O'Connor [1] Before there was Jane Austen or even the gleam in Mr. Bronte?s eye that would engender his three novelist daughters, there was Frances (Fanny) Burney, master of the novel of social courtship, and according to Virginia Woolf, ?the mother of English fiction.? Born in 1752, Burney grew up with her devout musician/writer father, a temperamental stepmother, six siblings, three stepsiblings, and a half-brother. She kept a fascinating diary [2] from the age of 16, rife with literary experimentation, and in 1778 published her first novel, Evelina, or, a Young Lady?s Entrance into the World [3]. Evelina was remarkable for several reasons: its quality (it gained the admiration of the Burney?s family friend Samuel Johnson); its having been written by a woman (her identity was discovered despite Burney?s extensive and hilarious mechanisms to disguise the novel?s authorship even from her father); and especially for its skilful portrayal of the voices of multiple characters. An epistolary novel, all letters present the first- person perspectives of a variety of characters regarding the trials and tribulations of Evelina, a young woman who grew up in the countryside now entering London society. Burney would go on to write many novels and plays, though her novels Cecilia [4] and Camilla [5] would achieve much more critical success than her dramatic works. Burney?s dramatic life belied the social niceties of her writings.