30 St Mary Axe London Swiss Re Tower , Kunst

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

30 St Mary Axe London Swiss Re Tower , Kunst Medien Elizaveta Petcheniouk 30 St Mary Axe London – “Swiss Re Tower” Ein Symbol der megalomanen Selbstdarstellung oder ein Meilenstein der Architektur? Studienarbeit Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Neue Formen............................................................................................................ 2 2. Entwicklung des Projekts......................................................................................... 2 3. Baubeschreibung...................................................................................................... 3 4. Stil - Epoche............................................................................................................. 6 5. Norman Fosters Beitrag........................................................................................... 7 6. Gebäudevergleich .................................................................................................... 9 7. Fazit ....................................................................................................................... 10 8. Glossar ................................................................................................................... 12 9. Abbildungsverzeichnis........................................................................................... 13 10. Literaturverzeichnis ............................................................................................. 14 1. Neue Formen Für Prince Charles ist jedes Hochhaus in London ein Dorn im Auge. Der Finanzdistrikt besteht seiner Meinung nach aus einem „rempelnden Gedränge von Wolkenkratzern, die untereinander um Aufmerksamkeit kämpfen.“ (1) Andere sehen in der Entwicklung der heutigen Architektur Gefahren der Selbstrepräsentation der Bauherren und Architekten und den Verlust des gesellschaftlichen Bezuges. SPIEGEL redet von „Architektonischen Höhenflügen“ und schreibt, dass die Gebäude entworfen werden um Aufsehen zu erregen um sich besser zu vermarkten, was man an der Entwicklung in Dubai und in Asien erkennen kann. Die Formen werden immer radikaler und skurriler. (2) Der Swiss Re Tower war noch vor seiner Fertigstellung Gegenstand vieler Diskussionen. (3) Seine revolutionäre Form, die wie kein anderes Hochhaus die Skyline Londons prägte, war höchst bestritten. Ob die Welt dafür schon bereit war oder nicht sei dahingestellt, die Frage ist, ob das Gebäude die Selbstverwirklichung einiger weniger oder ein Werk vom Menschen, für den Menschen ist und die gesellschaftlichen, sozialen und ästhetischen Aspekte gleichwertig behandelt oder nicht. 2. Entwicklung des Projekts Das Projekt 30 St Mary Axe hatte in den 90iger Jahren seine Anfänge und viele Etappen waren zu bewältigen, bevor es 2004 fertig gestellt wurde. Eins der größten Rückversicherungsunternehmen weltweit, die Swiss Reinsurance Company, das 1863 gegründet wurde und mittlerweile 8000 Menschen weltweit beschäftigt, hatte das Bestreben seine fünf Zentren in London zusammenzuführen, um Interaktion und Ideenaustausch in der Firma zu ermöglichen. Nach langem Suchen, hatte man sich schließlich für einen Platz entschieden, auf dem sich vorher der Baltic Exchange befand. 1903 von den Architekten T.H. Smith und William Wimble fertig gestellt, diente das viktorianische Gebäude als Handelsplatz für Seehändler. Das aus teuerem Material gebaute Handelszentrum, das 1992 bei einem Bombenanschlag der IRA unreparabel zerstört wurde (Abb.1), sollte lange Zeit nicht zum Abriss freigegeben werden. Die Stadt kämpfte für den historischen Bau, jedoch 2 blieben die Investoren für das kostspielige Projekt aus. Obwohl das Architektenbüro GMW (Gollins, Melvins, Ward) 1995 die Baugenehmigung für ihren Entwurf erlangte, der die Fassade des Baltic Exchange integrieren würde, hat sich kein Interessent gefunden, der das unvorteilhaft projektierte Gebäude okkupieren würde. Nachdem die Swiss Re Company Ende 1997 Interesse an dem Grundstück zeigte, hat man sich schließlich gegen den GMW- Entwurf und für den renommierten Architekten Norman Foster entschieden. (4) Die Entwicklung der Form des Gebäudes wurde unter enger Zusammenarbeit mit der Stadtplanung und dem English Heritage vorgenommen. Aus dem ursprünglich 1996 von Foster entworfenen 400 Meter hohem London Millennium Tower (Abb.2) entstand nach einer dreijährigen Entwicklungsphase, bei der die Höhe teilweise bis auf 100 Meter hinunterging, das heutige 180 Meter hohe Modell. (5) 3. Baubeschreibung Das 30 St Mary Axe Gebäude befindet sich unweit vom Zentrum im östlichen Teil von London im Finanzdistrikt, wo sich weitere Bürogebäude befinden. Der Osten der Stadt eignet sich gut für Hochbauten, da er außerhalb des denkmalgeschützten Gebietes liegt. (Abb.3) Der 180 Meter hohe Tower steht zwar auf einem dicht bebauten Platz, ist aber trotzdem allumsichtig und freistehend. Von weitem ist das Gebäude nie als Ganzes zu sehen, da es immer teilweise durch Nachbarbauten verdeckt wird. Wie in den meisten Metropolen, herrscht auch in London ein städtebaulicher Stilmix aus verschiedenen Epochen, was sich auch an den umgebenden Bauten des Towers widerspiegelt. Dazu zählen der aus den 60iger Jahren stammende Commercial Union Tower, der futuristisch wirkende Richard Rogers Lloyd’s of London von 1986 und das Holland House von 1916, das den stärksten Kontrast zum im Jahre 2004 fertig gestellten gläsernen Versicherungsgebäude bildet. (Abb. 4-6) Von den Stadtbewohnern als erotische Gurke bezeichnet (6), ist das Hochhaus mittlerweile ein fester Bestandteil der Skyline und ein oft abgebildetes Wiedererkennungsmerkmal der Weltmetropole. (Abb.7) Das wahrscheinlich markanteste Charakteristikum des Gebäudes ist seine kurvige Form. Die Glassäule wird entasisartig zur Mitte des Gebäudes dicker und verjüngt sich nach oben zur 3.
Recommended publications
  • Swiss Re Reinsurance Guide
    Swiss re reinsurance guide Continue This article contains content that is written as advertising. Please help improve it by removing advertising content and inappropriate external links, as well as adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view. (December 2019) (Learn how and when to delete this template message) Swiss reinsurance company LtdTrade titleSwiss ReNative nameSchweizerische R'ckversicherungs-Gesellschaft AG-1'TypeAktiengesellschaftTraded asSIX: SRENISINCH0126881561 Industry Finance Services 19 December 1863; 156 years ago (1863-12-19)Headquarters Switzerland-basedCoristin Mumventaler (Group CEO)Walter Kilholz (Chairman)ProductsInsurance, Insurance, Asset ManagementRevenueUS $33.705 billion (2018) Total Capital US$28.727 billion (end of 2018) is a reinsurance company based in zurich, Switzerland. It is the second largest reinsurer in the world. The company acquired GE Insurance Solutions in 2006. Founded in 1863, Swiss Re operates through offices in more than 25 countries. Swiss Re ranked 118th in the forbes 2000 Global 2016 ranking of the world's leading companies. In 2015, it also ranked 313rd in the Fortune Global 500. On May 10,11, 1861, more than 500 houses caught fire in the town of Glarus. Two thirds of the city sank in ruins and ashes; about 3,000 residents were left homeless. Like the fire in Hamburg in 1842, which led to the foundations of the first professional reinsurers in Germany, the great fire in Glarus in 1861 showed that insurance coverage in Switzerland in the event of such a disaster was completely inadequate. The Swiss reinsurance company was founded on December 19, 1863 by the General Insurance Company Helvetia (now known as Helvetia Versicherungen) in St.
    [Show full text]
  • Cure Workshop
    Summer School URBAN STEEL STRUCTURES July 11 – 15, 2005 Gdańsk, Poland TALL BUILDINGS – PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS R. KOWALCZYK University of Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal 1. Introduction Tall building, as an element of urban environment is rapidly gaining the importance. It is more and more the dominant element of the city skyline and often becomes even the symbol of the city. Also the impact of the tall building on the city is enormous. It influences the environment of the whole neighbourhood in many aspects from problems connected with transport till such small aspects as shadows. Therefore planning and design of tall building in city environment is an interdisciplinary problem, which has to be dealt with be a teams of specialists from various specializations. 2. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat Mission: • The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, is an international non-profit organisation, which task is to facilitate professional exchanges among those involved in all aspects of the planning, design, construction and operation of tall buildings and the urban habitat. • The Council's primary goal is to promote better urban environments by maximising the international interaction of professionals, and by making the latest knowledge available to its members and to the public at large in useful form. • The Council has a major concern with the role of tall buildings in the urban environment and their impact thereon. Providing adequate space for life and work involves not only technological factors, but social and cultural aspects as well. • While not an advocate for tall buildings per se, in those situations in which they are appropriate, the Council seeks to encourage the use of the latest knowledge in their implementation.
    [Show full text]
  • Sir Norman Foster
    The Pritzker Architecture Prize 1999 SIR NORMAN FOSTER The Pritzker Architecture Prize was established by The Hyatt Foundation in 1979 to honor annually a living architect whose built work demonstrates a combination of those qualities of talent, vision and commitment which has produced consistent and significant contributions to humanity and the built environment through the art of architecture. An international panel of jurors reviews nominations from all nations, selecting one living architect each year. Seven Laureates have been chosen from the United States, and the year 1998 marked the fourteenth to be chosen from other countries around the world. The bronze medallion presented to each Laureate is based on designs of Louis Sullivan, famed Chicago architect generally acknowledged as the father of the skyscraper. Shown on the cover is one side with the name of the prize and space in the center for the Laureate's name. On the reverse, shown above, three words are inscribed, “firmness, commodity and delight,” The Latin words, “firmitas, utilitas, venustas” were originally set down nearly 2000 years ago by Marcus Vitruvius in his Ten Books on Architecturededicated to the Roman Emperor Augustus. In 1624, when Henry Wotton was England's first Ambassador to Venice, he translated the words for his work, The Elements of Architecture, to read: “The end is to build well. Well building hath three conditions: commodity, firmness and delight.” THE PRITZKER ARCHITECTURE PRIZE 1999 PRESENTED TO SIR NORMAN FOSTER Photo by Andrew Ward SPONSORED BY THE HYATT FOUNDATION 1 THE JURY CHAIRMAN J. Carter Brown Director Emeritus, National Gallery of Art Chairman, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • 2015 Report Global Cities
    GLOBAL CITIES SKYSCRAPERS 2015 REPORT GLOBAL SKYSCRAPERS CITIES 2015 REPORT 03 TABLE OF LOOK SKYWARDS The world’s cities are in the midst of a skyscraper building boom and this report addresses the question, INTRODUCTION CONTENTS why do we need these giant buildings? INTRODUCTION BY — JOHNINTRODUCTION SNOW BY — JAMES D. KUHN Head of Commercial, President, Knight Frank Newmark Grubb Knight Frank Our analysis shows that skyscrapers are cut, which benefits social and are the optimum means of family lives. When offices and THE WORLD’S TALLEST addressing major economic and homes are lifted above street level, geographic challenges facing cities the ground floors and basements BUILDING TIMELINE today. These are: of buildings are freed up for shops and leisure facilities. The spaces » In order to accommodate between tower clusters can be economic and population growth developed as parks and public a city can either move outwards or areas; while skylines are enlivened upwards. Moving outwards breaks 2019 with iconic architecture. Kingdom Tower, up business clusters, and creates Jeddah political problems, like allowing » Global real estate capital markets 2010 Burj Khalifa, development on green fields around are seeing more activity from those Dubai cities. This moves the pendulum who wish to deploy money in very of debate in favour of building large sums (above the $1 billion 2003 Taipei 101, 4-11 12-14 upwards to provide more homes mark). The size of skyscrapers makes Taipei and business space. them attractive to such investors, 1998 TOWERING ABOVE SKYSCRAPER and this will encourage a movement Petronas Towers, » For companies today, staff Kuala Lumpur THE REST INDEX towards developing in scale.
    [Show full text]
  • Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat Records
    Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat Records SC MS 0263 Finding aid prepared by Finding aid prepared by Greg Edwards, Elizabeth Scott, Daniella Fedora, Tim Morgan and Kevin Augustyn.. Last updated on March 08, 2017. Lehigh University Special Collections Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat Records Table of Contents Summary Information....................................................................................................................................3 Biography/History..........................................................................................................................................4 Scope and Contents....................................................................................................................................... 4 Arrangement of the Collection......................................................................................................................4 Administrative Information........................................................................................................................... 5 Related Materials........................................................................................................................................... 6 Controlled Access Headings..........................................................................................................................6 Collection Inventory.....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Community Economic Development Strategies in the New Millennium: Key Advantages of Community Benefits Agreements in Urban Mega- Projects Andy Carr
    Hastings Race and Poverty Law Journal Volume 16 Article 8 Number 2 Summer 2019 Summer 2019 Community Economic Development Strategies in the New Millennium: Key Advantages of Community Benefits Agreements in Urban Mega- Projects Andy Carr Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/ hastings_race_poverty_law_journal Part of the Law and Race Commons Recommended Citation Andy Carr, Community Economic Development Strategies in the New Millennium: Key Advantages of Community Benefits Agreements in Urban Mega-Projects, 16 Hastings Race & Poverty L.J. 263 (2019). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_race_poverty_law_journal/vol16/iss2/8 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings Race and Poverty Law Journal by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 7 - HRPLJ_16-2_CARR (MACROS).DOCX (DO NOT DELETE) 5/2/2019 3:15 PM Community Economic Development Strategies in the New Millennium: Key Advantages of Community Benefits Agreements in Urban Mega-Projects ANDY CARR I. Introduction Over the past few decades, social, political, and economic transformations have underscored the paradox of steadily increasing globalization amid a renewed isolationist backlash in various Western societies. Populist and nativist political parties and elected leaders have risen in lockstep with wealth and income inequality in those same countries as well as concomitant and rapidly shifting social norms—all have been identified as prominent influences over contemporary life. Within these upheavals, various political, cultural, and economic actors have ascended the ranks of the world’s most powerful institutions, spreading their global reach to billions.
    [Show full text]
  • Designing Skyscraper Cities /// a Wsp | Parsons
    DESIGNING SKYSCRAPER CITIES /// A WSP | PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF PUBLICATION CONTENTS 04 THE RENAISSANCE OF TALL Skyscrapers are being completed at a rate of nearly 350 a year. What can we expect from this new WELCOME high-rise generation? WE ARE IN A ngineering is not just about 16 THE SKY AND OTHER LIMITS E science and technology, but The many challenges of planning skyscraper cities GLOBAL AGE experience. We have been designing iconic, efficient tall buildings for 26 FAR WEST SIDE STORY OF TALL AND more than 50 years, and it’s that How a Manhattan railyard became the US’s biggest experience that makes us unique. Around SUPER-TALL ever real-estate development the world, we are combining the latest BUILDINGS. IT’S tools and technologies with an in-depth 32 AN ICON FROM EVERY ANGLE understanding of how tall buildings behave One World Trade Center has rewritten the rulebook on IMPORTANT TO to create the next generation of towers. tall building design CONSIDER ALL OF In this magazine, we discuss many of THE IMPLICATIONS the engineering and architecture 42 THE RISING CONTINENT challenges, but also speak to architects, Ahmad Rahimian The Asian-inspired skyscrapers transforming planners, developers and clients for a more Ahmad Rahimian Australia’s skylines complete overview of the requirements Director of Building Structures, USA and economics of tall buildings and what 48 THE VERTICAL SOCIETY they will mean for cities. Preparing for a future of living, working and playing Many of these discussions took place in at great height the WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff host room at the 2015 Council for Tall Buildings and 56 RETURN TO SLENDER Urban Habitats conference in New York.
    [Show full text]
  • Monitoring the Ongoing European Effort in Structural Control
    1626 MONITORING THE ONGOING EUROPEAN EFFORT IN STRUCTURAL CONTROL A BARATTA1 And F CASCIATI2 SUMMARY Despite Structural Control does not see its only application in Earthquake Engineering, the latter one represents a field to which special attention is presently devoted by people working in this area- the International Association of Structural Control (IASC) held its second World Conference in Kyoto in july 1998, where the active participation of the President of the International Association for Earthquake Engineering confirmed the reciprocal interest in scientific interaction. The paper emphasizes the effort that European countries, and especially Denmark, Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain are producing to provide a suitable validation to the application of control theory in structural engineering, paying attention to the existing National- and/or Euro- codes that most times hardly comply with the new approach to safety based on the concept of Intelligent Structures. After mentioning a number of activities that are concerned with the theme of Structural Control in Europe, and also in the Mediterranean area, the trend of potential application of active structural control in the European context is illustrated INTRODUCTION This paper moves from a brief overview on the way European structural designers are approaching innovative technologies, despite the constraints of code requirements in a geographical area which only recently was able to conceive common unified rules of design. Of course innovative architectural solutions or increased standards of availability and comfort push toward actively controlled systems. Nevertheless, the associated relatively high costs prevent from a fast spreading of applications, which only address the construction stage or the mitigation of wind induced effects on flexible structures.
    [Show full text]