M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. PLOT NO. A7, SIPCOT INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX, VILLAGE: THERVOYKANDIGAI, TALUKA: DIST: THIRUVALLUR,

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT & RISK ASSESMENT REPORT FOR PROPOSED DIFFERENT GRADES OF CARBON BLACK (PRODUCTION CAPACITY: 1.925 LAKH TONNE/ANNUM) MANUFACTURING UNIT AND 36 MW WASTE HEAT RECOVERY BASED COGENERATION CAPTIVE POWER PLANT Project No. 883000/2021 [Cat ‘’A’’ Schedule 5 (e)] Baseline Monitoring Season Summer, 2021 (March-May, 2021) File No. F.No.- J-11011/128/2020- IA II(I) Proposal No. IA/TN/IND2/206780/2020 TOR Letter No. No. J-11011/128/2020- IA II(I) dated Apr 02, 2021

Prepared By: Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers P. Ltd. 403, Centre Point, Nr. Kadiwala School, Ring Road, Surat – 395002 (NABET Accredited EIA Consultant by QCI): NABET/EIA/2023/IA0062 (MoEF Accredited Testing Laboratory): 15018/24/2019-CPW (NABL Accredited Testing Laboratory): TC - 7328 (GPCB Recognized Schedule-II Environmental Auditor) ISO 9001: 2015 Certified Company OHSAS 18001: 2007 Certified Company

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT & RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT

CLIENT : M/S. PCBL (TN) LIMITED. PLOT NO. A7, SIPCOT INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX, VILLAGE: THERVOYKANDIGAI, TALUKA: GUMMIDIPOONDI, DIST: THIRUVALLUR, TAMIL NADU

PROJECT TITLE : ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT & RISK ASSESMENT REPORT FOR PROPOSED DIFFERENT GRADES OF CARBON BLACK (PRODUCTION CAPACITY - 1.925 LAKH TONNE/ANNUM) MANUFACTURING UNIT AND 36 MW WASTE HEAT RECOVERY BASED COGENERATION CAPTIVE POWER PLANT

PROJECT NO. : 883000/2021 (A-5(E))

Prepared By:

Aqua -Air Environmental Engineers P. Ltd. 403, Centre Point, Nr. Kadiwala School, Ring Road, Surat – 395002 (NABET Accredited EIA Consultant by QCI): NABET/EIA/2023/IA0062 (MoEF Accredited Testing Laboratory): 15018/24/2019-CPW (NABL Accredited Testing Laboratory): TC - 7328 (GPCB Recognized Schedule-II Environmental Auditor) ISO 9001: 2015 Certified Company OHSAS 18001: 2007 Certified Company

NABET/QCI Accreditation Certificate of M/s. ABC Techno Labs Private Limited vide Certificate no. NABET/EIA/1922/RA 0155 and shall be valid up to May 24, 2022

June 25, 2021. TO WHOM SO EVER IT MAY CONCERN

This is to certify that we have studied TOR issued by MoEFCC, New Delhi to M/s.

PCBL (TN) LTD. for their proposed different grades of carbon black

Manufacturing Unit and waste heat recovery based Captive Power Plant at Plot

No. A7, SIPCOT Industrial Complex, Village: Thervoykandigai, Tal:

Gummidipoondi, Dist: Thiruvallur, State: Tamilnadu and we found Environment

Impact Assessment (EIA) report in line with TORs. Due to reduction in production capacity (From 2.6 Lakh MT/Annum- as per TORs to 1.925 Lakh MT/Annum- as per EIA Report & CPP from 50 MW –as per TORs to 36 MW – as per EIA Report) and pollution load has also been reduced w.r.t. production capacity.

Facts stated in the EIA report are verified by us. We take ownership of the EIA

Report. Further activities of Environment Clearance will be carried out by us.

For ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited

Quality Council of India

National Accreditation Board for Education & Training

Certificate of Accreditation

Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 403, Centre Point, Nr. Kadiwala School, Ring Road, Surat, Gujarat-395002

Accredited as Category – ‘A’ organization under the QCI-NABET Scheme for Accreditation of EIA Consultant Organizations: Version 3 for preparing EIA/EMP reports in the following sectors: Sl. Sector (as per) Sector Description Cat. No NABET MoEFCC 1. Thermal power plants 4 1 (d) A 2. Cement plants 9 3 (b) B 3. Soda ash Industry 14 4 (e) A 4. Chemical fertilizers 16 5 (a) B Pesticides industry and pesticide specific intermediates (excluding 5 (b) 5. 17 A formulations) 6. Manmade fibers manufacturing 19 5 (d) B 7. Synthetic organic chemicals industry 21 5 (f) A 8. Distilleries 22 5 (g) A Pulp & paper industry excluding manufacturing of paper from wastepaper 5 (i) 9. 24 B and manufacture of paper from ready pulp without bleaching 10. Common hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal facilities (TSDF) 32 7 (d) A 11. Bio-medical waste treatment facilities 32A 7 (da) B 12. Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) 36 7 (h) B 13. Common Municipal Solid Waste Management Facility (CMSWMF) 37 7 (i) B 14. Building and construction projects 38 8 (a) B Note: Names of approved EIA Coordinators and Functional Area Experts are mentioned in IA AC Minutes dated November 6, 2020 on QCI-NABET website.

The Accreditation shall remain in force subject to continued compliance to the terms and conditions mentioned in NABET’s letter of accreditation bearing no. QCI/NABET/ENV/ACO/20/1557 dated December 8, 2020. The accreditation needs to be renewed before the expiry date by Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd. following due process of assessment.

Sr. Director, NABET Certificate No. Valid till Dated: December 8, 2020 NABET/EIA/2023/IA0062 October 7, 2023 For the updated List of Accredited EIA Consultant Organizations with approved Sectors please refer to QCI-NABET website. LABORATORY DEPARTMENT, AQUA-AIR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS PVT. LTD. has been assessed and accredited in accordance with the standard ISO/IEC 17025:2017 ''General Requirements for the Competence of Testing & Calibration Laboratories'' for its facilities at 403, CENTRE POINT, RING ROAD, SURAT, GUJARAT, INDIA in the field of TESTING Certificate Number: TC-7328 Issue Date: 03/06/2021 Valid Until: 02/06/2023

This certificate remains valid for the Scope of Accreditation as specified in the annexure subject to continued satisfactory compliance to the above standard & the relevant requirements of NABL. (To see the scope of accreditation of this laboratory, you may also visit NABL website www.nabl-india.org)

Name of Legal Identity : AQUA-AIR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS PVT. LTD. Signed for and on behalf of NABL

N. Venkateswaran Chief Executive Officer

M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT CHAPTER - 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND M/S. PCBL (TN) LTD is a wholly owned subsidiary of M/s Phillips Carbon Black Limited (PCBL). PCBL is the first Carbon Black company in the world to receive carbon credits. PCBL has redefined its business by establishing captive power plants at each factory from the off- gas or waste gas from the carbon black manufacturing process thus creating a sustainable green movement. The gas, a by-product of carbon black production, is harnessed for generating electricity at the PCBL's Captive Power Plants (CPP), at Palej, Durgapur, Mundra and Kochi. The Company has heavily cut down on carbon and gas emission, and serves green power to Large Private industrial units and State Electricity utilities. At present, the combined production capacity is 5.71 lakh ton/Annum. Now, PCBL (TN) LTD planned to set up a unit in SIPCOT industrial park, Thervoy Kandigai. Proposed facility will be located at Plot No A7 of Thervoy kandigai Village, SIPCOT Industrial Complex, , District and Tamil Nadu. The allotted land area is 60.02 Acres (242892.32 Sq.m). The land allotted from SIPCOT industrial complex to the proponent for this proposed project.

The project scope involves in the production capacity of 1.925 lakh tone/annum in both rubber and specialized carbon black products along with waste heat recovery based cogeneration Captive power plant (36 MW). These products are widely used in tyres manufacturing, ink jet toners, printing newspaper and other such uses. These product requirements are high in demand.

The project falls under Category ‘A’, schedule 5 (e) - Petrochemical based processing (processes other than cracking & reformation and not covered under the complexes) as per the EIA notification dated September 14, 2006 and its amendments. Since Tamil Nadu- interstate boundary at a distance of ~ 2.83 Km.

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 1

M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

1.1.1 JUSTIFICATION OF PROJECT This project is based on the fact that the Phillips Carbon Black limited (Parent Company) has a Good Market reach & Goodwill in South Indian Tyre Paint, Ink & Rubber Industries. Phillips Carbon Black limited (Parent Company) has a sizeable Market share which has been growing every year. Most importantly, Tyre, the Paint, Ink & Rubber production / Consumption are very high in Southern India specifically Tamil Nadu as the level of industrialization is high. is called the Detroit of India because of Auto Manufacturing and Auto industries consume a lot of Carbon Black for Tyre, Paints & Rubber Industries. The Growth of Tyre, Paint, Ink & Rubber Industries in this Region is very positive and future demand is likely to grow. This is authenticated by the fact that Many Major Manufacturers in these three Industries are either already present or setting up their manufacturing facility or expanding there manufacturing facility in southern part of India as they foresee a healthy & sustained future demand of their Products in this Region.

1.1.2 PROMOTERS AND THEIR BACK GROUND M/s. Phillips Carbon Black limited (Parent Company) is India's largest and globally seventh largest Carbon Black producer with a total annual production capacity of 5.71 Lakh tonne in India. Carbon black is majorly consumed (80%) as raw material in tyre manufacturing industries and some are in high end specialized applications such as plastics products, inks, paints etc. It is observed that the global carbon black market is expected to surpass $25 billion by 2025 growing at a CAGR of over 4% driven by rising demand from tyre industry, in addition to construction and manufacturing sectors which use carbon black to provide strength to industrial rubber compounds and other equipment. The Company has heavily cut down on carbon and gas emission and serves green power to large private industrial units and state electricity companies. All activities will be carried out in this project under a new company which is PCBL (TN) Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Phillips Carbon Black limited.

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 2

M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

M/s. PCBL (TN) LIMITED is under the umbrella of RP-Sanjiv Goenka Group and details of its directors are given below Sr. No. Name of Directors Designation 1 Shri. Rajkumar Gupta Director 2 Shri. Utpal Saha Director 3 Shri. Kaushik Mukherjee Director

1.1.3 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

For proposed project; following assumptions has been considered: a. Capacity of Plant 192500 MT/Annum b. Total working days in a year 350 days c. Adequate Raw material & Finished Goods storage facility

Applica S.N Reason for Act/Rules Purpose ble Authority o Applicability Yes/No The Environment Since the project is To protect and improve MOEF& CC. GoI; CPCB; 1 Protection Act- Yes new, it attracts this overall environment SPCB 1986 Act To provide Environmental environmental Impact Assessment Clearance to new The project falls Notification 14 th development under Schedule5(e) 2 Sep 2006 and /Expansion Yes Category A. As per MOEF& CC subsequent Modernization the notification since amendments time activitiesfollowingenviro it is New project. to time nmentalimpact assessment The National Address Grievances Grievances if any will Environment regarding the Process of 3 Yes be dealt with, within NEAA Appellate Authority environmental this act. Act(NEAA) 1997 clearance. The Land Set out rule for Since land is allotted 4 Acquisition Act acquisition of land by No SIPCOT to PP by SIPCOT 1894&1989 government The Air (Prevention During Operation -Air Prevention, control and and Pollutants from the 5 abatement of air Yes CPCB and SPCB Control of unit to be managed pollution Pollution) Act, 1981 as per the Act.

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 3

M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Prevention and control The Water Water Pollutants of water. Pollution and Prevention generated from the also maintaining or 6 And Control of Yes unit will be treated CPCB and SPCB restoring the Pollution) Act 1974 as per prescribed wholesomeness of amended1988 standards water This act will be applicable as The standards for noise vehicular noise, to The Noise Pollution for day and night have assess for future 7 (Regulation and been promulgated by Yes CPCB and SPCB years and necessary Control) Act 1990 the MOEF&CC for protection measure various land uses. needs to be considered in design. Environmental(Prot ection)Rules,1986 As all environmental Protection and MOEF& CC, GoI; CPCB (Amendments notifications, rules 8 Improvement of the Yes and in1999,2001,2002,2 and Schedules are Environment. SPCB 002,2002,2003,200 issued under this act. 4) Hazardous Waste (Management and Management & Hazardous wastes CPCB, SPCB,DGFT, Port Handling) Handling of Hazardous generated from the 9 Yes Authority andCustoms Rules,1989 wastes from proposed unit will be managed Authority amended 2000 and project as per the Rules 2016 Ministry of Environment & The facility will Forests, CPCB, SPCB, Manufacture handle LDO and HSD Chief Inspector of Storage and Import Regulate the fuel for operation. Factories, Chief of Hazardous manufacture, 10 Yes Thus, associated fire Inspector of Mines, Chemicals Rules, storage and import of and explosion AERB, Chief Controller 1989 amended Hazardous Chemicals hazards will attract of Explosives, District 2000 these rules. Collector or District Emergency Authority, CEES under DRDO The facility will Chemical Accidents handle LDO and HSD (Emergency Emergency Planning fuel for operation. Planning, Preparedness and CCG, SCG, DCG, LCG 11 Yes Thus, associated fire Preparedness and Response to chemical and MAH Units and explosion Response) accidents hazards will attract Rules,1996 these rules. Batteries To control the waste Use of Lead Acid (Management generation (lead waste) Batteries 12 Yes SPCB, CPCB And Handling) from used lead acid For the Industry will Rules, 2001 batteries attract the Rule Protect the staff To provide immediate The Public Liability working in the relief Persons affected 13 Insurance Act,1991 Yes Industry due to use District Collector by accident involving Amended 1992 ofHazardous hazardous substances Substances

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 4

M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

Ministry of Labour, Control of work place DGFASLI and environment, and All the industries to The Factories Act, Directorate of 14 providing for good Yes be established 1948 Industrial Safety and health and safety of attract the Act. Health/ Factories workers Inspectorate Regulate the import, Since petroleum The Petroleum Act, transport,storage, Ministry of Petroleum 15 Yes products are stored, 1934 production, refining and and Natural Gas it attracts the Act. blending of petroleum Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Regulate the import, Ministry of transport, Since petroleum The Petroleum Environment & Forests 16 storage, production, Yes products are stored, Rules, 2002 or SPCB Chief refining and blending of it attracts the Act. Controller of petroleum Explosives, district authority Since ga ses (Toxic, non-toxic and non- Ministry of Commerce flammable, non-toxic and Regulate the import, and flammable, Industry and Chief storage, handling and The Gas Cylinder Dissolved Acetylene Controller of 17 transportation of gas Yes Rules, 2004 Gas, Nontoxic and Explosives, collector, cylinders with a view to flammable DGCA, DC, DM, Police prevent accidents liquefiable LPG, are (sub-inspector to used it attracts the commissioner) Rules. Regulate the import, Ministry of Commerce manufacture, design, and installation, The Static and Since the industry Industry and Chief transportation, MobilePressureVes uses boiler & Controller of 18 handling, use and Yes sels(Unfired) pressure vessels, it Explosives, collector, testing of mobile and Rules,1981 attracts the Rules. DGCA, DC, DM, Police static pressure vessels (sub-inspector to (unfired) with a view to commissioner) prevent accidents Raw material which Central Motor we receive and Ministry of Road Vehicle Act 1988 For transportation of 19 No transport which are Transport and and Central Motor dangerous goods not Dangerous Highways Vehicle Rules 1989 goods.

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 1.1.4 REGULATORY PROVISION For Proposed Project; following assumptions has been considered: 1) Proposed project falls under Category A – 5(e) as per EIA Notification, 2006, so we have applied for environmental clearance at MoEFCC, New Delhi. General condition: Since Tamil Nadu- Andhra Pradesh interstate boundary at a distance of ~ 2.83 Km. Specific Condition: The proposed Project falls under the Specific Conditions and the proposed project comes under SIPCOT industrial complex Thervoy Kandigai, Thiruvallur District, Tamilnadu. 2) Consent to Establish/Consent to operate for proposed project shall be applied from TNPCB. The EIA study was undertaken covering all the aspects of the specific conditions mentioned in the terms of reference issued by MoEF&CC. This EIA study was undertaken by M/s. Aqua Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat, a NABET accredited EIA consulting organisation, with specific project related inputs required for undertaking the EIA studies from M/s. PCBL (TN) Limited, Thiruvallur. M/s. Aqua Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat is approved for Sector 20 - Petrochemical based processing (processes other than cracking & reformation and not covered under the complexes) as per the NABET accreditation scheme vide Certificate No. NABET/EIA/2023/IA0062 valid till 07.10.2023.

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 6

M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

1.2 PROJECT DETAILS 1.2.1 TOTAL PROJECT COST The estimated project cost is Rs. 615 Crores.

SR. PARTICULARS ESTIMATED COST (INR IN CRORES) NO.

1 Land and Site Development 26.00 2 Building 33.00 3 Plant and Machineries 461.20 4 Environmental Pollution Control 94.80 Measures

TOTAL 615.00

1.2.1.1 TIME OF COMPLETION Company will start construction after getting EC & CTE.

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 7

M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 1.2.2 PLOT AREA Total Plot Area = 242892.53 m2. Total Green Belt = 81315 m2 i.e. 33% of Total Plot Area shall be developed as greenbelt and other forms of greenery.

TABLE 1.1

BREAK UP OF DIFFERENT LAND USE OF FACTORY SR. NO. LAND USE PLOT AREA (m 2) 1 Plant Built area 121212 2 Driveway Area 28000 3 Green belt 81315 4 Other Area 12365.53 TOTAL 242892.53

1.2.3 EXACT DETAILS ABOUT INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES, PLANT MACHINERIES, ETC. REQUIRED FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECT

TABLE NO. 1.2 LIST OF MACHINERIES AND EQUIPMENT

Prod uct Equipment Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Line 4 Line 5 Line 6 Total 80 Line 80 80 80 150 80 MT/da 550 Capacity MT/day MT/day MT/day MT/day MT/day y MT/day 15,000 20,000 Nm 3/h 15,000 Nm 3/hr, r, Nm 3/hr, 0.825 0.825 15,000 15,000 15,000 0.825 kg/cm 2, kg/cm 2 Nm 3/hr, Nm 3/hr, Nm 3/hr, Carb Process Air kg/cm 2, 2 2 Nos (1 , 2 Nos 0.825 0.825 0.825 9 Nos. on Blower Nos (1 Stand (1 kg/cm 2, 1 kg/cm 2, kg/cm 2, Black Stand by by for Stand Nos 1 Nos 1 Nos for All All by for Reactors) Reactor All s) Reacto rs) Nos: 1 Nos: 1 Nos: 1 Nos: 1 Nos: 1 Nos: 1 Capacity Capacit Capacity Capacity Capacity Capaci Reactors 6 Nos. 80 y 80 150 80 ty MT/day 80 MT/day MT/day MT/day 80

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 8

M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT MT/day MT/da y 4 4 4 4 4 Compar 4 Compar Compar Compa Compart tments Compart tments tments rtment 24 Prcess Bag ments with ments with with s with Compartme Collector with 320 320 with 320 320 320 320 nts bags bags bags each bags bags bags each each each each each 2 2 2 2 2 Compar 2 Compar Compar Compa Compart tment Compart tment tment rtment 12 ment with ment with with with Compartme with 192 192 with 192 252 192 192 nts bags Vapour bag bags bags each bags bags bags each Collector each each each each 2 1 1 1 1 1 Compar Compar Compar Compa Compart Compart tment 7 tment tment rtment ment ment with Compartme with with with with 252 with 252 252 nts 252 252 252 Dense Bag bags bags bags bags bags bags Collector each 1 1 1 1 1 1 Compar Compar Compar Compa Compart Compart 6 tment tment tment rtment ment ment Compartme with with with with with 192 with 192 nts Rerun Bag 192 192 192 192 bags bags Collector bags bags bags bags 1 1 1 1 1 1 Compar Compar Compar Compa Compart Compart 6 tment tment tment rtment ment ment Compartme Dedusting with with with with with 192 with 192 nts Bag 192 192 192 192 bags bags Collector bags bags bags bags 1 Set, 1 Set, Capaci 1 Set, Capacit 1 Set, 1 Set, 1 Set, ty 6 Sets Capacity y Capacity Capacity Capacity 96 96 96 96 180 96 MT/da Dryer MT/day MT/day MT/day MT/day MT/day y 1 Set, 1 Set, 1 Set, 1 Set, 1 Set, Capacity 1 Set, Capaci Capacity: Capacit Capacity: : Capacity ty: 96 6 Sets Bucket 96 y: 96 96 180 : 96 MT/da Elevator MT/day MT/day MT/day MT/day MT/day y 6 Nos, 6 Nos, 6 Nos, 6 Nos, 6 Nos, 6 Nos, Capacit Capaci Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity Silos y ty 36 Nos. 100 MT 100 MT 150MT 100 MT 100 MT 100 each each each each each MT

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT each

Set -1: 54 MT/hr, 86 kg/cm 2 Set-2: 54 MT/hr, 86 kg/cm 2, Boilers* Set-3: 54 MT/hr, 86 kg/cm 2 3 Set Turbo Generators 1 Set: 12 MW, 2 Set: 12 MW, 3 Set: 12 MW 3 Set CPP Water Treatment Cum 1 Set: 2785 KLD 1 Set Effluent Treatment Plant** Note : *In form -1, Boiler capacity is mentioned as 32 TPH, 80 TPH, 24 TPH & 60 TPH (each 1 Nos) One Boiler is removed due to the reduction in production capacity. ** In form -1 ,Water Treatment Cum Effluent Treatment Plant is 3731 KLD

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

1.3 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT & INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES INCLUDING POWER SOURCES

Sr. Salient Features Details No. 1 Location of project Plot No. A7, Thervoy Kandigai SIPCOT Industrial Park Thervoy Kandigai village, Gummidipoondi Taluk, Thiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu -601202, India. Co-ordinates 13°21'44.22"N & 79°58'54.82"E 2 Status of Land acquisition Land is already acquired 3 Project Activity Schedule, Schedule 5 (e) Petrochemical based processing (processes other Category as per EIA notification, than cracking & reformation and not covered under the complexes) 2006 and Category A. General condition : Since Tamil Nadu- Andhra Pradesh interstate boundary at a distance of ~ 2.83 Km. Specific Condition : The proposed Project falls under the Specific Conditions and the Proposed project comes under SIPCOT industrial complex Thervoy Kan digai , Thiruvallur District, Tamilnadu . 4 Land area of project site 242892.53 m2

Sr. No. Land Use Plot Area (m 2) 1 Plant Built area 121212 2 Driveway Area 28000 3 Green belt 81315 4 Other Area 12365.53 TOTAL 242892.53

5 Fuel to be used LDO/HSD for Boiler– 0.894 MT/Day from retail supplier HSD for D G Set – 400 Liter/Day from IOC/HP 6 Source of Water Water requirement will be met through the SIPCOT Water Supply 7 Total Water Quantity Domestic: 57 KLD Gardening: 207 KLD Industrial: 3319 KLD Total: 3583 KLD 8 Quantity of industrial effluent Domestic: 42 KLD generation and domestic Industrial: 517 KLD wastewater generation Total: 559 KLD 9 Treatment of effluent STP with capacity of 50 KLD. Treated Sewage will be used for Disposal of treated effluent Greenbelt.

Total effluent generated will be treated in Water Treatment cum Effluent Treatment Plant which will consist of Ultra filtration, RO,

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT ZLD etc. Treated Effluent will be reused at different stages in the plant. 10 Details of process emissions The source of flue gas emission will be:  Boiler (54 TPH, 54 TPH, 54 TPH) – 3 Nos.  Flare Stack – 2 Nos.  DG Sets – 1300 KVA x 1 Nos. & 1200 KVA x 1 Nos. = 2 Nos. (Stand By)  Vapor Bag Collector – 6 Nos.  Dryer – 6 Nos. Stack  Process gas collector – 2 stacks  Venturi Scrubbers - 2 stacks  Dedusting & Rerun Bag Collection – 12 Nos. 11 Hazardous waste generation  Used or spent Oil @ 6.0 MT/Annum which shall be Collected, Stored, Transported & Disposed by sale to TN PCB authorized Recyclers.  Discarded Drums & containers @ 12 MT/Annum & Discarded liners waste paper bags, waste plastic bags & cardboards @ 6 MTPM which shall be Collected, Stored, decontaminated, recycled/Reused & transported back to the supplier for reuse or sold to TN PCB authorized vendor.  ETP Sludge, @ 175 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling or can also be sent to cement plant  WTP Sludge & MEE Sludge @ 3990 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.  Used filter cloth @ 2 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored, Transported & Disposed by sale to TNPCB authorized Recyclers.  Used Oily cotton waste/weather hand gloves/cotton hand gloves @ 2 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stor ed & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.  Discarded filter medium (bag filter) @ 12 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.  Ceramic wool/waste insulation material @ 12 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.  Spent Ion exchange Resins @ 1 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.  Oily Sludge Emulsion @ 15 MT /Annum s hall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.  Used Batteries @ 0.1MT/annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.  Spent Acid Batteries @ 0.024 MT/annum shall be Col lected, Stored

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling. 13 Power requirement & source Power Requirement during Operation Phase – 11.20 MW from CPP/TANGEDCO DG Sets – 1300 KVA x 1 Nos. & 1200 KVA x 1 Nos. = 2 Nos. (Stand By) 14 Names & distance of National Nil within 15 Km radius parks, Wildlife sanctuaries, Bird Sanctuary core is located at a distance of ~17.09 Km (NE) Reserve Forests etc. Located from the project Site. within 10 Km from the plant boundary 15 Any litigation/Court case No litigation/Court case pertaining to the industry. pertaining to the project: 16 Total Cost of the Project: The estimated project cost is Rs. 615 Crores. Rs. (Crores) 17 Major Water bodies Sl.No Water Bodies Distance (km) Direction 1. KKTK Reservoir 0.89 N 2. Canal near Tambunaidupalaiyam 2.12 SSE 3. Canal near Karadiputtur 2.2 W 4. TG/Satya Sai Ganga Canal 4.86 W 5. Arani River 7.13 SSE 6. Korttalaiyar R 14.08 S

18 Nearest railway Station Gummidipoondi railway station ≃15.73 km (ENE) 19 Nearest Airport Chennai International Airport ≃43.13 km (SSE) 20 Kamarajar Port ~ 38.45 km (ESE) Nearest Port (by road) Adani Port ~ 37.11 km (E) ≃43.75km (SE) 21 SH- 51 (Korthalaiyar Bridge – –Puthur Road) ~ 5.06 Km (S) Nearest Highway NH - 16 (Kharagpur -Gummudipundi -Chennai)~ 15.10 Km (ENE) 22 Tamil Nadu- Andhra Pradesh interstate boundary at a distance of ~ Interstate Boundary 2.83Km (NW) 23 Nearest village Description ~Dist Dir Pop ulation Gopalareddikandigai 0.92km NW 126

1.4 PURPOSE OF EIA The EIA study is carried out to assess the pollution potential and evaluate the adequacy and efficiency of proposed Pollution Control & Environmental Management System.

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 1.5 OBJECTIVES OF EIA The main objectives of the study are 1) To assess the background environmental status, 2) To identify potential sources of pollution, 3) To predict and evaluate the impact on environment along with pollution control measures taken and 4) To prepare a comprehensive Environment Management Plan and Disaster Management Plan.

1.6 METHODOLOGIES FOR EIA Taking into consideration proposed project activities and guidelines, an area of 10 km radius from the center of the project has been selected and is designated as the study area for the purpose of EIA studies.

1.6.1 Base Line Condition The samples of ambient air, ground and surface water and soil are collected and analyzed as per the standard methods for establishing the baseline data and to determine the impact of proposed activity on the same.

1.6.2 Ambient Air Environment The air environment around the plant was studied by setting up eight locations within the study area of 10 km radius from the project site and collection and monitoring the site- specific meteorological data, viz. wind speed, wind direction, humidity, rainfall and ambient temperature was carried out. Design of network for ambient air quality monitoring locations is based on guidelines provided by CPCB. The ambient air samples were collected and analyzed for SPM, PM 10 , PM 2.5, SO 2, NO X, O3, Pb, CO, NH 3, C 6H6, Benzo (a) Pyrene (BaP), Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni) & VOCs for identification, prediction, evaluation and assessment of potential impact on ambient air environment.

1.6.3 Ground and Surface Water Environment The water required for domestic and industrial use is being made available from the SIPCOT Water Authority. Hence, to assess the physico-chemical quality of the water, a number of

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT water samples were collected and analyzed for pollution parameters viz., pH, TDS, Turbidity,

BOD 3, COD, Fluorides, Chlorides, Sulphates, Nitrates, Ammonical Nitrogen, Hardness, Alkalinity, Oil & Grease and some heavy metals in order to find out the contamination, if any.

1.6.4 Noise Environment Noise pollution survey was conducted in the study zone. The anticipated noise sources were industrial activities, which are likely to be increased due to proposed activity. Noise levels were also recorded in surrounding villages for evaluating general scenario of the study area. Hourly equivalent sound levels (Leq) were also recorded for calculating Day and Night noise levels in the surrounding villages.

1.6.5 Soil Environment Soil sampling and analysis was carried out to assess physico-chemical characteristics of the soils and delineate existing cropping pattern, existing land use and topography, within the study area.

1.6.6 Biological Environment Keeping in view, the importance of biological component of total environment due to the proposed project, biological characterization of terrestrial and aquatic environments, changes in species diversity of flora and fauna in terrestrial as well as aquatic systems were studied for impact analysis due to proposed project activity, if any.

1.6.7 Socio-economic Environment Demographic and related socio-economic data was collected from census handbook to assess socio-economic status of the study area. Assessment of impact on significant historical, cultural, and archeological sites/places in the area and economic and employment benefit arisen out from the project is given special attention.

1.6.8 Identification of Pollution Source Detailed study of manufacturing process for proposed scenario is carried out along with input and output of materials, water and wastewater as well as infrastructure facilities available.

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1.6.9 Evaluation of Pollution Control and Environmental Management System The qualitative and quantitative analysis of various pollution sources as well as evaluation of pollution control system is carried out.

1.6.10 Evaluation of Impact A comprehensive evaluation of environmental impact with reference to proposed activities is carried out.

1.6.11 Preparation of Environmental Management Plan A comprehensive Environmental Management Plan has been prepared covering all the aspects of pollution prevention measures, Air and Water Pollution Control measures, Hazardous Waste Management, Environmental Surveillance and Environmental Management Plan.

The present report is an EIA conducted during Summer Season, 2021 (March, 2021 to May, 2021). The baseline environmental conditions have been established through field monitoring and literature survey.

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CHAPTER – 2

PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES

2.1 BACKGROUND M/S. PCBL (TN) LTD is a wholly owned subsidiary of M/s Phillips Carbon Black Limited (PCBL). PCBL is the first Carbon Black company in the world to receive carbon credits. PCBL has redefined its business by establishing captive power plants at each factory from the off- gas or waste gas from the carbon black manufacturing process thus creating a sustainable green movement. The gas, a by-product of carbon black production, is harnessed for generating electricity at the Company's Captive Power Plants (CPP), at Palej, Durgapur, Mundra and Kochi. The Company has heavily cut down on carbon and gas emission, and serves green power to Large Private industrial units and State Electricity utilities. At present, the combined production capacity is 5.71 lakh ton/Annum. Now, PCBL (TN) LTD planned to set up a unit in SIPCOT industrial park, Thervoy Kandigai. Proposed facility will be located at Plot No A7 of Thervoy kandigai Village, SIPCOT Industrial Complex, Gummidipoondi Taluk, and Tamil Nadu. The allotted land area is 60.02 Acres (242892.32 Sq.m). The land allotted from SIPCOT industrial complex to the proponent for this proposed project. The project scope involves in the production capacity of 1.925 lakh tone/annum in both rubber and specialized carbon black products along with waste heat recovery based Cogeneration Captive power plant (36 MW). These products are widely used in tyres manufacturing, ink jet toners, printing newspaper and other such uses. These product requirements are high in demand.

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2.2 LAND REQUIREMENT FOR THE PROJECT INCLUDING ITS BREAK UP FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES, ITS AVAILABILITY Total Plot Area = 242892.53 m2. Total Green Belt = 81315 m2 i.e. 33% of Total Plot Area shall be developed as greenbelt and other forms of greenery.

BREAK UP OF DIFFERENT LAND USE OF FACTORY

S. No Description Area (sq.m) % Production Dryer Area 13150 5.41 Dryer Area 6610 2.72 1 Bag Filter Area 7670 3.16 Bag Filter Area 3640 1.50 Reactor Area 4361 1.80 Reactor Area 1740 0.72 Storage Product Storage 15100 6.22 Product Storage 7550 3.11 Raw material 11870 4.89 2 Crude Material 0 0.00 Water Storage (4 Nos) 2740 1.13 Hazardous Waste Storage 900 0.37 Engineering Spares 660 0.27 3 Scrap Yard 450 0.19 4 Boiler with TG 6030 2.48 5 Boiler with TG 5450 2.24 6 Air Cooled Condenser 3070 1.26 7 Air Cooled Condenser 2780 1.14 8 APH Area 700 0.29 9 Additive Area 600 0.25 10 DCS Building With Electrical Room and Lab (G+2) 3315 1.36 11 Electrical Workshop 630 0.26 12 I&C workshop 630 0.26 13 Mechanical Workshop 630 0.26 14 Cooling Tower 800 0.33 15 PAB 750 0.31 16 Future PAB 750 0.31 17 Compressor & Air Receiver 837.5 0.34 18 Compressor & Air Receiver 837.5 0.34 19 Molasses Area 600 0.25

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 20 Raw Material 2 1790 0.74 21 HSD 1147 0.47 22 DG Area 375 0.15 23 Security Room 1 190 0.08 24 Security Room 2 160 0.07 25 MRS Building 300 0.12 26 Admin Building (G+1) 1360 0.56 27 Canteen 702 0.29 28 Pump House 200 0.08 29 Water treatment Plant 1575 0.65 30 ETP 800 0.33 31 STP 100 0.04 32 DM Plant Office & WTP Structure 50 0.02 33 Switchyard 7612 3.13 Total Built-Up Area (A)* 121212 49.90 Permissible Green Belt (33%) 80154.53 - Proposed Green Belt Area (B)** 81315 33.47 Total Road area ( c) 28000 11.53 Misc Area (D) 12365.53 5.10 Total Plot Area (A+B+C+D) 242892.53 100.00

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FIGURE – 2.1 LAYOUT OF THE PLANT

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 2.2.1 LAND POSSESSION DOCUMENTS

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2.3 PROJECT SETTING M/s. PCBL (TN) Ltd. located at Thervoy Kandigai SIPCOT Industrial Park is located at longitude 79°58'54.82"E and latitude 13°21'44.22"N. Detailed Layout map of the plant is shown in Figure – 2.2. TABLE -2.1 SITE COORDINATES Site Corner Latitude Longitude Centre coordinates 13°21'44.22"N 79°58'54.82"E A1 13°21'51.31"N 79°59'7.59"E A2 13°21'39.50"N 79°59'7.62"E A3 13°21'39.05"N 79°59'7.21"E A4 13°21'39.08"N 79°58'42.76"E A5 13°21'39.39"N 79°58'42.48"E A6 13°21'47.61"N 79°58'43.27"E A7 13°21'49.11"N 79°58'42.61"E A8 13°21'49.15"N 79°58'59.00"E A9 13°21'51.32"N 79°58'59.01"E

2.3.1 Site Selection Proposed project site is located in Plot No. A-7 Survey No: 32/2Pt Thervoy Kandigai SIPCOT Industrial Park, Thervoy Kandigai village, Gummidipoondi Taluk, Thiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu -601202. TABLE -2.2 Alternative Site analysis: State District Locations Reason for project location abandonment Naidupeta 1. Nearest road connectivity not in good Andhra Pradesh Nellore Industrial park condition for smooth movement of Finished goods & raw material containers. 2. Site located far from Major tyre Attivaram Andhra Pradesh Nellore customers units located in Southern part of Industrial park India and therefore increase in Finished goods logistics cost. 1. Long distance between plant and nearest Miryalaguda Telangana Nalgonda seaport for transportation of Raw material Industrial park and Finished goods and therefore increase in logistics cost. 2. Site located far from Major tyre Suryapet Telangana Suryapet customers units located in Southern part of Industrial park India and therefore increase in Finished goods logistics cost

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 3. Basic Infrastructure ( Road connectivity , water supply , Electricity supply ) not available, unreadiness for new Carbon Black plant setup

Based on the above comparison, SIPCOT Thervoykandigai site (Tamil Nadu) was selected based on the following benefits: 1. Site is ~ 37.11 km (E) away from Kattupalli Port since 95% of raw materials will be imported and 60% of product will be exported by sea. It is very important to locate near the port. 2. Site is located very near to major tyres industries (Michellin tyre is located next to the site and other major Tyres companies like Apollo, JK, bridgestone etc). 3. Site is well connected by road (~5.06 km, S), railways (~15.73 Km, ENE) and Airway (~43.13 km, SSE). 4. Adequate land is available within the SIPCOT. 5. 100% assurance of water supply by SIPCOT. TABLE -2.3 NEAREST HABITAT PROFILE FROM THE PROJECT SITE: Description ~Dist Dir Population Teruvai 1.34km NE 3122 Gopalareddikandigai 0.92km NW 126 Karadiputtur 1.17km W 1926 Part of Sengarai Village- Tambunaidupalaiyam 2.70km SSE 1368 Part of Kollanur Village- Aramani 2.93km E 525

2.3.2 A LIST OF MAJOR INDUSTRIES WITH NAME AND TYPE WITHIN STUDY AREA Description ~Dist Dir Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) Adjacent N Blocks to Site Jesons Industries Limited 0.59km NE Michelin India Private Limited 0.06km SE Feed Mill - Sheng Long Bio-Tech (India) 0.22km ENE Pvt. LTD Sovereign Agro Tech Refinery Pvt Ltd 0.24km N Super Gas 0.32km N Bekaert Industry 0.38km S

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2.3.2 PROJECT SITE AND PLANT LAYOUT LOCATION (MAP SHOWING GENERAL LOCATION, SPECIFIC LOCATION AND PROJECT BOUNDARY & PROJECT SITE LAYOUT) WITH COORDINATES.

FIGURE - 2.2 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT SITE

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FIGURE - 2.2 (CONT.) PROJECT SITE ON GOOGLE EARTH

1 Km Radius from Project Site:

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5 Km Radius from Project Site:

10 Km Radius from Project Site:

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2.4 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT SITE AND NEAREST HABITATS WITH DISTANCES FROM THE PROJECT SITE TO BE DEMARCATED ON A TOPOSHEET (1: 50000 SCALE) The area of industrial settlements is there in this study area along with-it human settlements form the key infrastructure in this region. As the area is having mainly industrial development the transportation facilities by Rail-Road network is quite well developed. Almost every village in this region is well connected with metalled road network. Apart from road network development the railway also present in the study area.

FIGURE – 2.3

KEY INFRASTRUCTURE

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FIGURE – 2.4

TOPOSHEET

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2.5 TECHNICAL DETAILS OF THE PLANT/S ALONG WITH DETAILS ON BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGIES (BAT), PROPOSED TECHNOLOGY AND REASONS FOR SELECTING THE SAME. Manufacturing of carbon black mainly involve various unit operations like heating, cooling and drying. Off gases generated in the manufacturing process of carbon black are utilized as fuel in the steam boiler to generate high pressure steam and also utilized for power generation.

2.6 PHASE WISE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE WITH BAR CHART AND TIME FRAME, IN TERMS OF SITE DEVELOPMENT, INFRASTRUCTURE PROVISION, EMS IMPLEMENTATION ETC. Proposed products will be manufactured after the receipt of EC/CTE. Proposed construction will be carried out only after the receipt of EC/CTE.

2.7 CHEMICAL NAME OF EACH PROPOSED PRODUCT TO BE MANUFACTURED. DETAILS ON END USE OF EACH PRODUCT. (PROVIDE CAS NUMBER OF ALL THE PRODUCTS & RAW MATERIALS. IN CASE OF DYES, CI NUMBER)

TABLE – 2.4 LIST OF PRODUCTS WITH PRODUCTION CAPACITY

Sl. No Description Quantity (in ToR Quantity (In EIA report)* application) 745 MT per day (2,60,750 550 MT per day (1,92,500 MTPA) MTPA) 1 Carbon Black (Considering 350 working (Considering 350 working days) days) Waste Heat 50 MW 36 MW Recovery 2 Based Cogeneration CPP *Note : Carbon black Production and CPP capacity was reduced from ToR application due to the Market Strategy and demand

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2.8 DETAILS ON RAW MATERIALS, SOURCE AND STORAGE WITHIN THE PREMISES TABLE – 2.5 LIST OF RAW MATERIALS

Stor Hazardous Nature (NFPA Consu Means of Mode age Rating) Sr. mption Sta Source of Formula Transpor of Qua No. Raw Materials (MTPM te Supply tation Storage ntity Reactivit )# (MT) Health Fire y Tauber Oil, USA Carbon Black CS Enjet LLC, Feed Stock / Thi Cargo Fixed Blend of USA Dehydrated Coal ck Vessels / Roof 3575 1 30908 Hydroca Epsilon 2 2 0 Tar / Raw Coal Liq Road Cylindri 0** rbons Carbon, Tar/ Carbon Black uid Tankers cal Bellary Oil/Anthracene Tanks RIL, Jamnagar Sakthi Epoxy Sugars Thi Coated Limited, ck Road CS 150* 2 Molasses 54 _ Chennai NA NA NA Liq Tankers Cylindri ** E.I.D Parry uid cal Sugar Mill, Tanks Chennai Potassium Nitrate 1 0 1 Chemicals / KNO 3 / India Co. Po K2CO 3 / Chennai 2 2 0 3 Potassium 12 wd Truck Bags 20 CH3COO EmpeefChe Carbonate/ er K micalspVt Potassium ltd., Palghar 1 1 1 Acetate * GMR Chemicals, Rubber Chennai Liq Road Lined CS 4 Hydrochloric Acid 67 HCl Adheswara 40KL 3 0 0 uid Tankers / FRP Exports Pvt Vessels Ltd., Chennai Jentex Alkalis, Rubber Sodium Liq Chennai Road Lined CS 5 2 NaOH 20KL 3 0 1 Hydroxide uid Balmer Tankers / FRP Lawrie & Co Vessels ltd. Soli Plastic d Skychem Water Treatment Bags in 6 81 - Po engineers, Truck 60 NA NA NA Chemicals closed wd Chennai rooms er

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT CS Fixed Roof 150K Light Diesel Oil / Liq BPCL, Road 7 45 - Cylindri L*** 1 2 0 High Speed Diesel uid Chennai Tankers cal * Tanks Note : # Proposed Consumption is lesser than Consumption rate provided in form-1 * Not mentioned in Form-1 **In form-1 it is mentioned as 33450 MT and now it is increased to 35750 MT. ***In form-1 it is mentioned as 140 KL and now it is increased to 150 KL. ****In form-1 it is mentioned as 100 KL and now it is increased to 150 KL.

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2.9 MANUFACTURING PROCESS, CHEMICAL REACTION AND MASS BALANCE OF EACH PRODUCTS

 Carbon Black is produced by the reaction of a hydrocarbon fuel such as oil with a limited supply of combustion air at high temperatures. The unburned carbon is collected as an extremely fine black fluffy particle, 10 to 500 nanometers (nm) in diameter. The principal uses of Carbon Black are as a reinforcing agent in rubber compounds (especially tires) and as a black pigment in printing inks,surface coatings, paper, and plastics.  We are presently using oil furnace process for manufacture Carbon Black. This process accounts for about 90 percent of world Carbon Black production capacity generally used in continuous processplant which is into bulk manufacturing of Carbon Black.  During Carbon Black production, an aromatic liquid hydrocarbon feedstock (Generally, an FCC bottom -Slurry Oil), Imported by us from USGC) is heated and injected continuously into the combustion zone of an oil-fired furnace, where it is decomposed to form Carbon Black. Primary quench water cools the gases to 800°C - 900°C to stop the cracking. The exhaust gases entraining the carbon particles arefurther cooled to about 230°C by passage through heat exchangers and direct water sprays.  The Carbon black is then separated from the gas stream, usually by a fabric filter. A cyclone for primary collection and particle agglomeration may precede the filter. The recovered Carbon Black is finished to a marketable product by pulverizing and wet pelletizing to increase bulk density. Water from the wet pelletizer is driven off in a gas- fired rotary dryer. Off gas separated by bag filter is used to dry the wet pellets. Part of the dryer combustion gas is charged directly to the interior of the dryer, and the remainder acts as an indirect heat source for the dryer. The dried pellets are then conveyed tobulk storage through elevator and screw conveyor.  Process yields varies depending on the feed composition and the grade of black produced. Furnace designs and operating conditions determine the particle size and the other physical and chemical properties of the black.  Off gas generated from process will be used as a fuel for Boilers. Since the tail gases are

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT composed mainly of water, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, & hydrogen, they have low calorific heating value and is used as a fuel to operate a boiler that generates steam used for power generation and also used for heating the carbon black pellet in dryers.  Unused tail gas is effectively used to produce power to meet Carbon Black plant demand & balance is exported to grid.

Mass Balance:

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Flow Diagram:

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The wet Tail gas composition is as follows: Composition Percentage (%) H2S 0.14 H2O 30.15 O2 0.0 H2 12.3 CO 8.3 CO 2 3.9 CH 4 0.26 N2 45.35 LCV(Kcal/Nm3) 780

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2.10 WATER REQUIREMENT, WASTEWATER GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT 2.10.1 ASSESSMENT OF SOURCE OF THE WATER SUPPLY WITH ADEQUACY OF THE SAME TO MEET WITH THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PROJECT. PERMISSION OBTAINED FROM THE CONCERN AUTHORITY FOR SUPPLY OF RAW WATER

Construction Phase : Water requirement will be 50 KLD from Private tanker/SIPCOT. Operation Phase : The total water requirement for proposed manufacturing unit is 3583 KLD. Fresh water requirement is 2785 KLD ( In ToR application- 3731KLD ) will be sourced from SIPCOT and total recycle water will be 798 KLD.

PERMISSION OBTAINED FROM THE CONCERN AUTHORITY FOR SUPPLY OF RAW WATER:

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 2.10.2 WATER AND WASTEWATER TABLE – 2.6 WATER CONSUMPTION AND WASTEWATER GENERATION

Condensate Fresh water Total Water Effluent Effluents Recovery Requirement S. No Description Requirement Recycled (KLD) (KLD) KLD KLD (KLD)

1. Domestic water 57 42 00 00 57 Greenbelt 165 2. 207 00 42 00 development 3. Industrial

a. Process 2006 00 00 00 1796 b. CT makeup 572 172 172 00 572 c. Boiler 191 162 162 00 00 d. Inline Boiler 355 07 07 239 00 e. Floor wash 195 176 176 00 195 Total Industrial 3319 517 517 239 2563 Total 3583 559 559 239 2785* Note: * In form-1, Total fresh water is 3731 KLD

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT WATER BALANCE DIAGRAM:

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2.10.3 EXPLORE THE POSSIBILITIES FOR ZERO LIQUID DISCHARGE (ZLD) OPTION FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECT  Effluent generation -176 KLD from washing will be treated through ETP (200 KLD) followed by Oil skimmer, clarifier and Filter. Treated effluent will send to ETP followed by UF, RO and MEE / ATFD. Permeate will be reused within the system. Salt from MEE/ATFD will be disposed through TSDF. Thus Zero liquid discharge will be accomplished.  Effluent -341 KLD from utility will send to secondary treatment followed by UF, RO and MEE / ATFD. RO Permeate will be send to WTP for reused within the system. Salt from MEE/ATFD will be disposed through TSDF. Thus Zero liquid discharge will be accomplished.

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2.10.4 CAPACITY OF ETP IN KL/DAY. DETAILS OF ETP INCLUDING DIMENSIONS OF EACH UNIT ALONG WITH SCHEMATIC FLOW DIAGRAM. INLET, TRANSITIONAL AND TREATED EFFLUENT QUALITIES WITH SPECIFIC EFFICIENCY OF EACH TREATMENT UNIT IN REDUCTION IN RESPECT OF ALL CONCERNED/REGULATED ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS. INLET EFFLUENT QUALITY SHOULD BE BASED ON WORST CASE SCENARIO CONSIDERING PRODUCTION OF MOST POLLUTING PRODUCTS THAT CAN BE MANUFACTURED IN THE PLANT CONCURRENTLY

Treatment Process:

M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. shall have a ZLD Effluent treatment plant consisting Primary, Tertiary and advance treatment units. The details of ETP are as follows.

1) First all non-toxic wastewater streams of washing shall pass through Oil & Grease Removal Tank (OGRT-01). Automatic mechanical Oil & Grease Removal Mechanism(OGRM-01) shall be provided in the OGRT-01 to removed floating oil and grease from the wastewater to Oil & Grease Collection Tank (OGCT-01). Then Effluent shall be collected in Collection cum Equalization Tank-01 (CET-01). Pipe grid is provided at bottom of the CET to keep all suspended solids in suspension and to provide proper mixing. 2 nos. of Air Blowers (B-01) shall supply air through diffusers to pipe grid. 2) Then after, equalized wastewater shall be pumped toNeutralization Tank (NT-01) where the continuous addition and stirring of lime solution is done to maintain the pH of wastewater from Lime Dosing Tanks (LDT-01) with help of Dosing Pumps (D-01) as per requirement. Then after, neutralized wastewater shall go to Flash Mixer-01 (FM-01). Alum shall be dosed from Coagulant Dosing Tank-01 (CDT-01) with help Dosing Pumps into FM-01 to carry out coagulation by using a Flash Mixer Mechanism (FMM-01). Then effluent shall be collected in Primary Flocculator Tank (PCLF-01) by gravity. Here in Flocculation zone, Polyelectrolyte shall be dosed from Polyelectrolyte Dosing Tank-01 (PEDT-01). Mixing shall be done with help of two nos. of Flocculators(FLCM-01/02).Then after, coagulated wastewater shall be settled in Primary Clariflocculator bottom and

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Clear supernatant shall be collected in Primary Treated Water tank (PTWT-01). Then it will be pumped to Collection cum Equalisation Tanks-02 with help of pumps (P-02-A/B). 3) All wastewater stream from utilities shall be collected in Collection cum Equalisation tank-02 (CET-02) where other effluent from PTWT-01 shall be mixed. Then after, equalized wastewater shall be pumped to Flash Mixer-02 (FM-02) where Coagulant shall be dosed from Coagulant Dosing Tank-02 (CDT-02) with help Dosing to carry out coagulation by using a Flash Mixer Mechanism-02 (FMM-01). Then effluent shall be collected in Primary Flocculator Tank (PCLF-02) by gravity. Here in Flocculation zone, Polyelectrolyte shall be dosed from Polyelectrolyte Dosing Tank-02 (PEDT-02). Mixing shall be done with help of two nos. of Flocculators(FLCM-03/04). Then after, coagulated wastewater shall be settled in Primary Clariflocculator bottom shall be collected in Sludge Sump (SS-01) and Clear supernatant shall be collectedof PCLF-02 shall collected in Intermediate Sump(IS-01). 4) Then effluent from the IS shall be pumped to the Pressure Sand Filter (PSF-01) and Activated Carbon Filter (ACF-01) for tertiary treatment. The effluent shall enter into the sand filter from the top and the filtered effluent shall be further passed to the Activated Carbon Filter for color removal. A back wash facility shall be provided to the sand filter and carbon filter to wash out the suspended solid whenever required. For backwash, the effluent from the Intermediate Sump shall be pumped at the bottom of the sand filter (and / or carbon filter) and the discharge of the sand filter (and / or carbon filter) shall be diverted into the Collection cum Equalization Tank-02.

5) The outlet of the carbon filter shall be collected into Ultra filtration Feed Tank (UFFT-01) before sent to UF treatment. UF Treated water shall be sent to Reverse osmosis unit (RO- 01) for advance treatment. UF reject will be sent back to CET-02 for further treatment. RO treated Water shall be reuse in plant and RO reject water shall be collected in MEE Feed Tank (MEFT-01) for further treatment.

6) RO rejected water will be sent to multiple effect evaporator (MEE-01) or equivalent system followed by centrifuge to concentrate it for recovery of salt and condensed water will be reused for cooling, scrubber & washing.

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 7) The primary sludge from PCLF-01 & PCLF-02 shall be collected in sludge sump (SS-01) by gravity. Then they shall be pumped to the filter press (FP-01) for sludge dewatering. The sludge cake shall be collected and packed into the plastic bags and stored in the HWSA and ultimate disposal to TSDF. The leachate from the filter press shall be diverted to the collection cum equalization tank-02 for further treatment.

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

Size of Tanks: S. N. Name of unit Tag No. Capacity in MOC Nos. KL 1 Oil & Grease Removal OGRT-01 8 KL RCC M30 1 W Tank 2 Oil & Grease Collection OGCT-01 0.5 KL HDPE 1 W tank 3 Collection cum CET-01 80 KL RCC M30 1W+1S Equalization Tank 4 Neutralization Tank NT-01 8 KL RCC M30 1 W 5 Flash Mixer FM-01 8 KL RCC M30 1 W 6 Primary Clariflocculator PCLF-01 50 KL RCC M30 1 W 7 Primary Treated water PTWT-01 50 KL RCC M30 1 W 8 tank Lime Dosing Tank LDT-01 3 KL MSFRP 1 W 9 Coagulant Dosing Tank-01 CDT-01 2 KL MSFRP 1 W 10 Polyelectrolyte Dosing PEDT-01 1 KL HDPE 1 W 11 CoagulantTank dosing Tank-02 CDT-02 5 KL MSFRP 1 W 10 Polyelectrolyte Dosing PEDT-02 1 KL HDPE 1 W Tank -02 11 Collection cum CET-01 100 KL RCC M30 1 W+1S 12 FlashEqualization Mixer Tank FM-01 20 KL RCC M30 1 W 13 Primary Clariflocculator PCLF-01 20 KL RCC M30 1 W 15 Primary Treated water PTWT-01 140 KL RCC M30 1 W 16 Pressureta nk Sand Filter PSF-01 30 m3/hr MSEP 1 W 17 Activated Carbon Filter ACF-01 30 m3/hr MSEP 1 W 18 UF Feed Tank UFFT-01 100 KL RCC M30 1 W 19 UF Unit UF-01 520 KLD Hollow Fiber/PVDF 1 Lot 20 RO Unit RO-01 500 KLD Polyamide 1 Lot 21 Sludge Sump (SS) SS-01 20 KL RCC M30 1 22 Filter Press (FP) FP-01 40 KLD PP+MS 1 W+1 S

23 Multiple Effect MEE-01 70 KLD SS316 1 Lot Evaporator or equivalent ATFD-01 system with Centrifuge LD = Liquid depth FB = Free Board SWD = Side Water Depth

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Flow Diagram of treatment process:

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

Sewage Treatment Plant: Process Description: DESIGN OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

1.00 BASIS OD DESIGN & TREATMENT SCHEME 2.00 SPECIFICATION OF WORK 3.00 PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

1.00 BASIS OF DESIGN & TREATMENT SCHEME

1.10 Design Flow :50 KLD Working hours : 20 hours Design Flow : 2.5 KL/hr.

1.20 Untreated Sewage Characteristics ______Parameter Value ______1. pH = 7 - 8 2. Total Dissolved Solids <900 mg/L 3. Suspended Solids < 100 mg/L 4. BOD (3 days 27 deg. C) < 300 mg/L 5. COD <700 mg/L 6. Oil & Grease < 20 mg/L 7. Ammo. Nitrogen < 70 mg/L ______

1.30 Treated Sewage Characteristics

______Parameter Value ______1. pH = 7-7.5 2. Total Dissolved Solids <1000 mg/L 3. Suspended Solids < 5 mg/L 4. BOD (3 days 27 deg. C) < 20 mg/L 5. COD < 50 mg/L 6. Oil & Grease <2 mg/L

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 1.40 Process Description:

1. Sewage from plant and canteen shall be passed through Screen Chamber (SC-01) where Coarse Screen (S-01) shall be provided to remove floating material. Then it will pass through O & G Removal tank (OGRT-01) where floating O & G shall be removed from the top and collected in O & G Collection tank (OGCT-01). Then sewage by gravity will be collected in Collection tank (CT-01) where diffused air shall be provided to keep solids in suspension. 2. Then it shall be pumped to Aeration Tank (AT-01). In AT-01, biodegradation of organic matter of the wastewater shall be carried out by bacteria (suspended growth) in the AT. The aeration tank provides proper mixing and supplies oxygen to the microorganisms in the dissolved form through the fine bubble diffusers. A constant feed rate shall be maintained in the aeration tank. A sludge percentage of around 50 to 60% by volumeshall be maintained in the aeration tank. Also MLSS and MLVSS ratio shall be maintained to ensure active microorganisms growth. Various nutrients like UREA and DAP shall be added from Nutrient Dosing Tanks regularly so as to ensure proper growth of the microorganisms. Oxygen shall be supplied by 2 nos. of air blowers (B-01) through diffusers. Air blowers also keep MLSS in suspension. 3. Then effluent from Aeration Tank shall be shall be passed through Screen Chamber-2 (SC-02) where floating material shall be removed with help of Screen (S-01), then overflow from Screen Chamber shall be collected in MBR Tank (MBRT-01). MBR tank consists of MBR membrane modules mounted on structural frame along with the back-pulse tank (BPT-01) arrangement on the top. Air diffuser are provided below the membrane modules for air scouring. The filtration takes place by means of Permeate pumps (P-02-0A/B) which delivers the treated water in Treated Water Tank (TWT-01). When water level in Back Pulse tank (BPT-01) will reduce, treated water will be sent to Back Pulse Tank (BPT-01). 4. After every 9 minutes of service cycle, the membranes are subjected to relaxation of 1 minute. Back pulse takes place after every 4 hours for a period of 15 minutes. In this step, product water from the overhead tank flows by gravity into the membrane

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT module and dislodges the impurities from the membrane surface. Air scouring continues during filtration, rest and back pulse period. Chemical Cleaning Tanks (CCT- 01/02) is required separately for maintenance and recovery cleaning requirement. Sludge recycle Pumps shall be provided in MBRT-01 to recycle sludge from MBRT-01 to Aeration Tank to maintain MLSS in AT-01. Excess sludge shall be waste to sludge Drying beds. 5. This treated sewage from Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR-01)water is collected in Treated Water Tank (TWT-01) before using it for Irrigation. Bio Sludge settled in Tube Settler and sludge wasted from MBBR shall be sent to Sludge Drying Beds (SDBs-01- A/B) for Dewatering. The sludge cake shall be collected and reused as manure in green belt. Filtrate from the SDBs shall be diverted to the collection tank for further treatment.

2.00 SPECIFICATION OF WORK

2.10 DETAILS OF UNITS

Sr. Name of Unit Tag No. Size in Meters (L X B X Nos. MOC No. (LD+FB) 1. Screen Chamber ST-01 1 KL 1 W RCC M30 2. Coarse Screen S-01 6 mm opening, Make: 1 W SS304 Aqua-Air 3. O & G Removal Tank OGRT- 4 KL 1 W RCC M30 01 4. O & G Collection OGCT- 50 Lit, Industrial Grade, 1 W HDPE Tank 01 Vertical, Make: Siddhi/Sintex 5. Collection Tank CT-01 15.0 KL 1 W RCC M30 6. Raw Sewage Pumps P-01- 2.5 m3/hr, 6 m head, 1 W + SS304 A/B Submersible cutter type, 1 S Make: Wilo/Eqvt. 7. Aeration Tank AT-01 15KL 1 W MSFRP 8. Diffusers DF--01 Fine Bubble Diffusers,2 m 1 Lot Silicon Based length, Scogen /OTT Make, Rubber Retrivable Type 9. Blower for AT-01& B-01- 150 m3/hr., 0.45 kg/cm2, 3 1W+1 CIFG MBR-01 A/B PHASE, V belt, Air Cooled, S Oil Lubricated Tri Lobe Root

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Blower, TMVT make 10. Screen Chamber SC-02 1 KL 1 W RCC M30/MSFRP 11. Screen-2 S-02 2 mm Opening, Make: 1 W SS304 Aqua-Air 12 Membrane Bio- MBR-01 8 KL 1 Lot MSFRP Reactor 13. Membrane Bio- MBRM- Hollow Fiber, 7 modules of 1 Lot PVDF with Reactor Module 01 10 KLD, Make: GE MSFRP Frame with skid and diffusers 14. Sludge Recycle P-04- 5 m3/hr, 6 m head, 1W+1 CI Pumps A/B Centrifugal, Make: S Lubi/Johnson 15. MBR Permeate P-02- 3.5 m3/hr, 8 m head, 1W+1 CI Pumps A/B Centrifugal, Make: S Lubi/Johnson 16. Chemical Cleaning CCT-01 150 Lit, Industrial Grade, 2W HDPE Tanks Vertical, Make: Siddhi/Sintex 17. Back Pulse tank BPT-01 150 Lit, Industrial Grade, 1W HDPE Vertical, Make: Siddhi/Sintex 18. Treated Water Tank TWT-01 15 KL 1 W RCC M30/ HDPE 19. Treated Water P-03- 7.5 m3/hr, 20 m head, 1W+1 CI Pumps A/B Centrifugal, Make: S Lubi/Johnson 20. Hypo Dosing Tank SHDT-01 200 L, Industrial grade 1 W HDPE Vertical, Make: Siddhi/Sintex 21. Hypo Dosing Pump D-01- 4 L/hr, Electronic type, 1W+1 PP A/B Make: Verito/Positive S 22. Sludge Drying Beds SDBs- 8.0 Sqm (Total) 2 W Brick Mas+ 01-A/B PCC Bedding+ Media filling 23. Foundation for -- -- Lot RCC M25 pumps and Blowers

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 2.20 PIPING WORK AND VALVES

 All effluent pipes & Fittings will be of CPVC/PPR.  All Airline shall be of GI pipe.  All valves shall be of PP Material  We will provide all necessary supports for pipes and electrical cables. 2.30 ELECTRICAL WORK

It includes supply and erection of cables, cable tray, MCC Panel etc. complete. Cables: 1. a. Cable specification = for use in 415 V system shall be Copper conductor, PVC insulated PVC sheathed armored as per IS 1554  All cable shall be RR /Polycab make.  All cable trays shall be of perforated type of GI.  We will provide MCC panel with energy meter single compartment type of siemens/Schneider make. 2.40 INSTRUMENTATION WORK Sr. No. Item Description Nos. 1 Pressure Gauge Bourdon Tube,100 mm dia, 6 For Blowers,Pumps Waaree/, Baumermake 2 Flow Meter cum Electro-magnetic Type, 2 At Inlet/Outlet of STP totalizer Make: Chem-Tech/ Forbes Marshall 3 Level switch Float Type, Make: Aster 2 In CT &MBR 4 On-Off Valves Open/Close, 40 NB/25 NB, 3 For MBR Piping Make: Rotex 5 Pressure Transmitter As per Design Make: 1 In Permeate Pumps Danfoss Line 6 Rotameters As per design, Make: Flow 2 In Blower air lines tech  All cable shall be RR /Polycab make.  All cable trays shall be of perforated type of GI.  We will provide MCC panel with energy meter single compartment type of siemens make.

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

Treatment Plant Capacity: 50 KLD Operating hrs: 20 hrs Plant Flow rate: 2.5 cum/hr Design Flow Rate: 2.5 cum/hr

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

Flow Diagram of STP:

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

2.11 AIR POLLUTION AND CONTROL SYSTEM 2.11.1 FLUE GAS & PROCESS GAS EMISSION FROM EACH UNIT PROCESS WITH ITS QUANTIFICATION Flue Gas Emission: There is no fuel requirement for steam boilers since off gases generated during Carbon Black manufacturing are utilized as fuel for specially designed boiler system. Hence, there is no requirement of APCM and stack of adequate height is provided for proper dispersion of flue gas. Diesel will be used as fuel for proposed DG Sets (standby), where stack of adequate height will be provided. The details of flue gas emission are given hereunder in Table 2-7. Table 2.7 Flue Gas Emission Fuel Name & Emission source APC measure proposed Stack height Quantity DG set: Adequate stack height as Diesel (500 30m AGL 1x1300 & 1x1200 KVA per TNPCB Norms Lit/hr *Waste gas based Boilers: Off Gases Set-1: 54 MT/hr, 86 kg/cm 2 Adequate stack height as 90m AGL (495197 Set-2: 54 MT/hr, 86 kg/cm 2, per TNPCB Norms Nm3/hr) Set-3:54 MT/hr, 86 kg/cm 2 Note: *In form -1, Boiler capacity is mentioned as 32 TPH, 80 TPH, 24 TPH & 60 TPH (each 1 Nos) One Boiler is removed due to the reduction in production capacity

PROCESS GAS EMISSION: Product gases laden with carbon black particle from manufacturing process are filtered at process bag collector and vapor bag collector for separation of carbon black particles from process gases. Off gases filtered through bag collectors are utilized as fuel in steam boiler and dryer combustor. The details of these various bag collectors as air pollution control measures with process gas stack are given hereunder in Table 2-8.

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

TABLE 2.8 PROCESS GAS EMISSION

Emission source APC measure proposed Stack height (m) Adequate stack height as per 2 Nos. of Flare Stacks 50 AGL TNPCB Norms Vapor Bag Collectors – 6 Nos. of Stacks Bag Collectors 60 AGL Dryer – 6 Nos. of Stacks Bag Collectors / ESPs 60 AGL Process Bag Collectors – 2 Nos. of Bag Collectors / ESPs 50 AGL Stacks Venturi Scrubbers – 2 Nos. of Stacks Not Applicable 50 AGL Dedusting & Rerun Bag Collectors – 12 Not Applicable 20 m Nos

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

2.11.2 DETAILS OF THE UTILITIES REQUIRED

Utility Nos. Capacity Purpose Process for formation of Reactor (Nos)* 6 550 TPD Carbon Black Set-1: 54 MT/hr, 86 kg/cm 2 Boiler** 3 Set-2: 54 MT/hr, 86 kg/cm 2, For generation of Steam Set-3: 54 MT/hr, 86 kg/cm 2 1 x 12 MW, Turbo Generator 3 1x 12 MW, For generation of power 1x 12 MW, Air Cooled Condenser / To suit 36 MW Power For condensing exhaust 3 CPP Generation steam from Turbines Cooling Tower 2 Circulation Rate: 1250 m 3/hr Generator Cooling Diesel Generator 2 2500 KVA Emergency power Note : *In form -1, No of reactors are 7. **In form -1, Boiler capacity is mentioned as 32 TPH, 80 TPH, 24 TPH & 60 TPH (each 1 Nos) One Boiler is removed due to the reduction in production capacity.

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 2.11.3 Certificate of Analysis of Fuel

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 2.11.4 DETAILS OF POWER REQUIREMENTS Power requirement will be met from TANGEDCO and CPP. However, two DG set is proposed as back-up power requirement during power failure. Diesel will be used for DG generators and consumption quantities will vary based on the utilization. The power requirement and backup power facilities are provided in Table 2-9. Table 2-9 POWER REQUIREMENT BACKUP AND UTILITIES

Details Power and fuel Source Operation Phase: Power Requirement during 11.20 MW * CPP / TANGEDCO Operation Phase Boilers – LDO / HSD 0.700 MT/day** Retail Supplier HSD for DG sets 400 LPD IOC/HP Construction Phase: Power Requirement 0.400 MW DG Set / TANGEDCO Note : * In form-1, Power requirement during operation phase is 15.39 MW ** In form-1, LDO/HSD requirement for boilers are 0.894 MT/day

2.11.5 LIST THE PROJECT SPECIFIC SOURCES OF FUGITIVE EMISSION ALONG WITH ITS QUANTIFICATION AND PROPOSED MEASURES TO CONTROL IT Fugitive emissions are emissions of gases or vapours from pressurized equipment due to leak or other unintended or irregular releases. Fugitive emission may be contributed from the following sources:  Leakage from pumps  Equipment failure  Spillages from pipelines  Leakages from reactors  Vapours venting from process/tanks  Evaporation losses

Control Measures

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Control Measures adopted are:  Process shall be closed system  Transfer of the material for proposed plant shall be through pipeline  Leak detectors shall be installed near by the source of leakage  Sweeping on roads.  Proper monitoring system shall be established once the operation starts.  Bitumen roads are laid inside the plant premises. There will be a chance of fugitive emission during manufacturing process as well as due to storage and handling of raw materials and products. The unit will take following precaution for the control of fugitive emissions. Probable Sources Control Measures  All equipments are maintained regularly along with checking of flange and welded joints.  All raw materials and end products are properly metered so Manufacturing activities that there is no possibility of overloading.  Proper safety interlocks are incorporated  Bulk transportation within the process is done by closed bucket elevator and screw conveyer. Emission from Carbon  Dedusting system with proper bag filters provided. All black storage tank and storage tanks are closed with proper venting system and packing level is checked regularly without overfilling.  Mechanical seals are provided in pumps and agitators Pump and compressor Standby arrangement for critical equipment for periodic Emissions maintenance  Welded pipes are used wherever feasible.  Suitable gasket materials are used Valves, Flanges, plugs and  Suitable glad packing is used in valves instrument connections  Periodic inspection and maintenance of pipes and pipefittings is carried out

Leak detection and Repair Programme (LDAR): Leak detection and repair (LDAR) is system of procedure a facility utilizes to locate repair leaking components including valves, pumps,

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT tanks and reactors in order to minimize the emission of fugitive volatile organic components and hazardous air pollutants. LDAR related sections shall be considered, checked and maintained regularly to control emissions from leakages. At PCBL(TN) Limited schedule shall be prepared standard practices will be implemented. Identifying the sections : All possible sections of emissions from leakage will be recognized & marked. Monitoring the components: As per the schedule and frequency sections shall be monitored to avoid the leakage chances by using the standard detecting systems. Repairing the components : Repairing of the equipment after finding fault will be addressed immediately. After a leak is detected, the component shall be altered or replaced to correct the leakage. The component shall be considered repaired only after it has been monitored and shows leakage below the thresh-hold limits. Documented : All the above mentioned records shall be maintained for further references. PCBL(TN) Limited will use best technology to control fugitive emission like:  Closed process flow systems of material transfer.  Detecting systems are in place for any leakages Air quality shall be regularly monitored and data on fugitive emissions shall be regularly recorded and proper actions will be taken.

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 2.12 HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT 2.12.1 MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR HAZARDOUS/SOLID WASTE INCLUDING STORAGE, HANDLING, UTILIZATION AND SAFE DISPOSAL

Hazardous Waste Management The various hazardous waste generated from the process will be stored in a separate hazardous waste storage area and properly disposed as per the Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Trans boundary Movement) Amendment Rules, 2016. The type of hazardous waste and the quantity generated are detailed in Table 2-10.

TABLE – 2.10 DETAILS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE Sr. Scheduled No. as per Proposed Details of Waste Storage and Disposal HWM Quantity TPA rules 1 Collection, Storage, Transportation and sell to Used or Spent Oil 5.1 6.0 TNPCB Authorized Recyclers or reuse in the process. 2 3990* (WTP Sludge- Collection, Storage, Sludge & MEE Salt 35.3 2800 Transportation and disposal MEE Salt- at TSDF-Gummidipoondi. 1190) 3 Collection, Storage, Transportation and disposal ETP Sludge 35.3 175 at TSDF-Gummidipoondi or can also be sent to cement plant. 4 Empty Container/ Collection, Storage, bags/Discarded drums/ 33.1 12 Transportation and sell to Barrels/ Liners/ Waster paper TNPCB Authorized Recyclers bags/ waste plastic 5 Collection, Storage, Used Filter cloth - 2.0 Transportation and sell to TNPCB Authorized Recyclers 6 Used Oily cotton Collection, Storage, waste/weather hand gloves/ 33.2 2.0 Transportation and disposal cotton hand gloves at TSDF-Gummidipoondi.

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 7 Collection, Storage, Discarded filter medium (bag 36.2 12.0 Transportation and disposal filter) at TSDF-Gummidipoondi. 8 Collection, Storage, Ceramic wool/ waste - 12.0 Transportation and disposal insulation material at TSDF 9 Collection, Storage, Spent Ion exchange resins 35.2 1.0 Transportation and disposal at TSDF 10 Collection, Storage, Oily Sludge emulsion I – 4.1 15.0 Transportation and disposal at TSDF 11 Collection, Storage, Used Batteries 0.1 Transportation and disposal at TSDF 12 Collection, Storage, Spent Acid batteries I – 36.2 0.024 Transportation and disposal at TSDF Note : * In Form-1, ETP sludge & MEE salt is mentioned as 6210 TPA

2.12.2 Solid Waste Management

The Solid Wastes generated during construction and operation phases will be segregated to organic and inorganic wastes. The organic wastes will be disposed to Municipal bins and inorganic waste will sell to TNPCB authorized vendors. Details are given in Table 2-12 .

Table 2-12 Solid Waste Generation Construction Method Sl. Operation Phase Method of Description Phase Quantity of No. Quantity (Kg/d) Disposal (Kg/day) Collection Send to TNPCB Inorganic waste- authorized 76.5 Solid vendors 1 250 Waste Convert to Organic waste- Bins manure by using 114.75 OWC Used as a manure 2 STP Sludge - 5.0 for Greenbelt

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Note: As per CPHEOO norms-0.45 kg/day/capita

Paper / Card Board, Dust bin collection, dry leaves, grass, Metal scrap & wooden scrap will be recycled /sent to authorize dealer.

2.12.3 THE MANUAL HANDLING OF THE HAZARDOUS WASTES AND METHODOLOGY OF DE- CONTAMINATION AND DISPOSAL OF DISCARDED CONTAINERS AND ITS RECORD KEEPING - Discarded containers/bags/liners etc. are being stored at designated place and given to authorized decontamination facility for recycle & reuse.  Collection & Storage: Contaminated containers are received from different production plants and stored at designated storage area. Proper segregation of containers is done according to acid or alkaline nature to treating with appropriate cleaning agent.  Analysis: Testing the pH and organic content of finally flushed effluent to ensure the container is completely decontaminated.  Labeling: Used standard Labels on decontaminated containers “Decontaminated containers, ready to dispose”  Disposal: These decontaminated containers could be reused. The containers, which are not reusable, would be scrapped and sold to registered recycler.  Record: Receipt note is collected before receiving of containers, maintained record of sampling, result, marking of decontaminated containers and disposal.  Management of Effluent: The wastewater, which is generated from the washing activity, is collected in separate tank then transfer to treat in Effluent Treatment Plant for further treatment.

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

2.13 NOISE LEVEL AND CONTROL SYSTEM

Extensive oiling and lubrication and preventive maintenance shall be carried out to reduce noise generation at source to the permissible limit. Acoustic enclosures provided for DG set. The Noise level is within the prescribed limit. At noisy area, adequate preventive & control measures are taken. No significant noise, vibration or emission of light & heat from the unit.

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

CHAPTER – 3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS

3.1 INTRODUCTION The baseline status of environmental quality in the vicinity of project site serves as the basis for identification, prediction and evaluation of impacts. The baseline environmental quality is assessed through field studies within the impact zone for various components of the environment, viz. air, noise, water, land and socio- economic. The baseline environmental quality has been assessed in the summer season of March, 2021 to May, 2021 in a study area of 10 km radial distance from the project site.

The environmental setting is considered to establish the baseline conditions which are described with respect to following:  Land environment  Land Use Pattern  Water Environment  Air Environment  Meteorology  Noise Environment  Ecology  Topography  Demography and Socio-economic Environment

3.2 METHODOLOGY Following the guidelines of MoEF&CC, the baseline environmental study was conducted. The details of the study period, frequency of sampling & method of environmental sampling & analysis are shown below in succeeding paragraphs under respective titles.

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3.2.1 STUDY PERIOD & FREQUENCY OF SAMPLING The period of study determined was March, 2021 to May, 2021. The frequency of various environmental sampling & analysis was determined following the guidelines provided by MoEF&CC in online EIA Manual. The details of frequency of environmental sampling considered for the study are illustrated in Table – 3.1.

TABLE 3.1 FREQUENCY OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

Attributes Sampling Locations Frequency A. Air Environment Meteorological Project Site 1 hourly continuous for Study Period Ambient Air Quality 8 locations in the study area 24 hourly twice a week during (10 km radius from project site) study period B. Noise Various Locations within the study Once during Study Period area (10 Km radius from project site) C. Water Ground Water Grab samples from 8 Locations from Once during Study Period Study Area (10 km radius from project site) Surface Water Grab samples from 5 Locations Once during Study Period (10 km radius from project site) D. Soil Quality Soil samples from 8 locations within Once during Study Period study area E. Land Use & Land Study area (10 km from Project Site) Once during Study Period Cover F. Ecological Data Study area (10 km from Project Site) Once during Study Period G. Socioeconomic Study area (10 km from Project Site) Once during Study Period Data

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3.2.2 METHOD OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING & ANALYSIS

The method adopted for environmental sampling & analysis is illustrated in following Table - 3.2

TABLE 3.2 METHOD OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING & ANALYSIS METHOD Attributes Sampling / Preservation Analysis

A. Air Environment Mechanical/automatic 1) Micro 1) Spectrum weather station & ----- meteorological IMD data 2) 2.5 Micron dust samplers & IS 5182 & CPCB 2) Ambient Air RSPM samplers having the Quality facility to collect the gaseous samples B. Noise Instrument: Noise level meter -- C. Water & Waste Standard Methods for Standard Methods for Water Examination of Water and Examination of Water and 1) Ground Water Wastewater Analysis, published Wastewater Analysis, published 2) Surface Water by APHA 22nd edition, 2012 by APHA 22nd edition, 2012 D. Soil Quality Laboratory Guide for Conducting Laboratory Guide for Soil Test & Plant Analysis, by J. Conducting Soil Test & Plant Benton Jones, Jr. Analysis, by J. Benton Jones, E. Land Use & Land Satellite Imageries (1:25,000), As Secondary data-analysis by Cover Secondary data from EIC, Delhi EIC, Delhi F. Geology & Geo- Akshar Enviromatics, Vadodara Akshar Enviromatics, Vadodara Hydrology G. Ecological Data Akshar Enviromatics, Vadodara Akshar Enviromatics, Vadodara H. Socioeconomic Data Akshar Enviromatics, Vadodara Akshar Enviromatics, Vadodara

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 81 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 3.2.3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS The baseline environmental study was carried out for Ambient Air, Water, Land, Noise, Biological & Socioeconomic environment. The study period was March, 2021 to May, 2021. The environmental samples were collected from the selected location of the study area. The scenario of environmental condition of the area revealed from the sample & data analysis is described below in subsequent paragraphs.

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 82 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 3.3 MICROMETEOROLOGY The nearest Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) station located to project site is Chennai. The Climatological data for Chennai(Minambakkam) published by the IMD, based on daily observations at 08:30 and 17:30 hour IST for a 30 year period, is presented in the following sections on the meteorological conditions of the region. Table 3.1 Meteorological conditions (Temp., Rainfall, Relative Humidity and Wind Speed) Rainfall Temp (°C) Relative Mean Predominant Wind (mm) Wind Month Humidity Directions Daily Daily No. of Speed Total (%) (From)* Max. Min. days (Km /hr) Jan 29.0 20.5 28.2 1.4 83 64 5.5 N NE Feb 31.0 21.7 4.0 0.4 80 63 6.8 W E Mar 33.4 23.5 3.3 0.2 76 63 8.2 S SE Apr 35.7 26.1 11.2 0.7 71 66 10.4 S SE May 38.0 27.7 46.6 1.7 63 62 11.1 SW SE Jun 37.4 27.3 74.7 4.9 59 56 11.6 W SE Jul 35.4 26.2 130.5 7.7 67 60 9.9 W S Aug 34.5 25.6 145.8 8.4 71 63 9.4 SW S,SE Sep 34.2 25.3 169.2 8.5 74 68 7.9 W SE Oct 32.0 24.4 293.9 10.0 81 74 5.8 W E Nov 29.7 22.9 361.6 10.4 83 74 5.7 N NE Dec 28.6 21.5 173.0 6.2 82 69 5.9 N NE Max. 38.0 27.7 361.6 10.4 83.0 74.0 5.5 Annual Predominant Min. 28.6 20.5 3.3 0.2 59.0 56.0 11.6 wind direction is from Avg/Total 33.2 24.4 1442.0 60.5 74.2 65.2 8.2 West

(Source: IMD)

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 83 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

3.3.1 TEMPERATURE, RELATIVE HUMIDITY & WIND SPEED The site-specific data were collected for March, 2021 to May, 2021. Data are tabulated in Table 3.2.

TABLE - 3.2 SITE SPECIFIC METEOROLOGICAL DATA (PERIOD: March, 2021 to May, 2021)

METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETER MONTH

MARCH, 2021 APRIL, 2021 MAY, 2021 Temperature ( 0C) Min. 23 26 28 Max. 34 36 39 Avg. 29 30 32

Relative Humidity (%) Min. 62 56 52 Max. 78 71 79 Avg. 69 63 70

Wind Speed (km/h) Min. 0 0 0 Max. 8 12 14 Avg. 5 8 11

There was no rainfall during the study period.

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 84 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 3.3.2 WIND ROSE Wind rose is a graphical representation of the magnitude and direction of wind speed considering all the directions. With the help of wind rose diagram one can easily predict the direction and extent of spreading of the gaseous and particulate matter from the source. Wind rose diagrams & stability class distribution are prepared for the study area and presented in Figures - 3.1A & 3.1B respectively.

FIGURES - 3.1A

WIND ROSE DIAGRAM

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 85 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

FIGURE-3.1B

STABILITY CLASS DISTRIBUTION

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 86 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 3.4 AIR ENVIRONMENT The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out in accordance with National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of CPCB. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) was carried out at eight locations during the study period.

The air quality status in the impact zone is assessed through a network of ambient air quality monitoring locations. The tropical climatic conditions mainly control the transport and dispersion of air pollutant emissions during various seasons.

The conventional and project specific parameters such as Suspended Particulate Matter,

Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM-PM 10 ), Respirable Suspended

Particulate Matter (RSPM- PM 2.5 ), Sulphur Dioxide (SO 2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx),

Ammonia (NH 3), Ozone (O 3), Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni), Benzene (C6H6), Hydro Carbon (HC), Carbon Monoxide (CO) were monitored at site.

The values for mentioned concentrations of various pollutants at all the monitoring locations were processed for different statistical parameters like arithmetic mean, minimum concentration, and maximum concentration and percentile values. The baselines levels of Suspended Particulate Matter, Respirable Suspended Particulate

Matter (RSPM-PM 10 ), Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM-PM2.5 ), Sulphur

Dioxide (SO 2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Ammonia (NH 3), Ozone (O 3), Lead (Pb), Arsenic

(As), Nickel (Ni), Benzene (C 6H6), Hydro Carbon (HC), Carbon Monoxide (CO) are expressed in terms of various statistical parameters.

To establish the baseline status around the project site of the study region monitoring was conducted at 8 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) Stations in and around the study region during March 1, 2021 to May 31, 2021.

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 87 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FIGURE - 3.2 LOCATIONS OF THE AMBIENT AIR, NOISE, WATER AND SOIL

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 88 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT TABLE - 3.3

LOCATIONS OF THE AMBIENT AIR, NOISE, WATER AND SOIL

SR. NAME OF VILLAGE BEARING APPROXIMATE AMBIENT NOISE WATER SOIL TYPE OF NO. W.R.T. RADIAL AIR AREA PROJECT DISTANCE SITE FROM PROJECT SITE (KM) 1. Project Site -- -- A1 N1 GW1 S1 Industrial 2. Village: NNW 8.57 A2 N2 GW2 S2 Residential Sathyavedu 3. Village: NW 3.60 A3 N3 GW3 S3 Residential Madanamjeri 4. Village: SW 8.75 A4 N4 GW4 S4 Residential Uthukkottai 5. Village: Nelvoy SE 5.90 A5 N5 GW5 S5 Residential 6. Village: SW 5.00 A6 N6 GW6 S6 Residential Lachivakkam 7. Village: Siruvada NE 3.60 A7 N7 GW7 S7 Residential 8. Village: Thervoy NE 1.84 A8 N8 GW8 S8 Residential 9. Kannakottai SSW 2.54 -- -- SW1 -- -- Reservoir 10. Thervoykandigai NE 1.76 -- -- SW2 -- -- Reservoir 11. Telungu Ganaga SW 8.55 -- -- SW3 -- -- Canal Near Uthukkottai 12. Arani River SE 8.06 -- -- SW4 -- -- upstream 13. Arani River S 7.45 -- -- SW5 -- -- Downstream

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 89 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT TABLE - 3.4 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STATUS (MARCH, 2021 TO MAY, 2021)

SR. SAMPLING SAMPLING SPM PM 10 PM 2.5 SO 2 NO x NH 3 O3 NO. LOCATION DURATION g/m 3 1. Project-site (A1) 24 hours 83.78 46.54 21.89 6.55 13.42 BDL 10.67 2. Village: 24 hours 99.24 54.63 25.67 7.39 15.45 BDL 12.83 Sathyavedu (A2) 3. Village: 24 hours 91.68 50.42 24.00 6.65 14.74 BDL 12.24 Madanamjeri (A3) 4. Village: 24 hours 92.06 51.13 23.88 7.10 16.70 BDL 13.04 Uthukkottai (A4) 5. Village: Nelvoy 24 hours 83.56 46.25 21.75 6.61 13.86 BDL 11.30 (A5) 6. Village: 24 hours 87.00 48.92 22.92 6.58 14.85 BDL 12.13 Lachivakkam (A6) 7. Village: Siruvada 24 hours 97.58 53.92 25.83 8.11 17.45 BDL 13.70 (A7) 8. Village: Thervoy 24 hours 94.76 52.38 24.79 6.87 15.57 BDL 12.67 (A8) NAAQS 500 100 60 80 80 400 100 (Courtesy: M/s. ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited)

SR. SAMPLING As Pb Ni C6H6 BaP CO HC VOC NO. LOCATION ng/m 3 g/m 3 ng/m 3 g/m 3 ng/m 3 mg/m 3 ppm 1. Project-site (A1) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.15 BDL BDL 2. Village: BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.15 BDL BDL Sathyavedu (A2) 3. Village: BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.18 BDL BDL Madanamjeri (A3) 4. Village: BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.18 BDL BDL Uthukkottai (A4) 5. Village: Nelvoy BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.13 BDL BDL (A5) 6. Village: BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.20 BDL BDL Lachivakkam (A6) 7. Village: Siruvada BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.20 BDL BDL (A7) 8. Village: Thervoy BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.15 BDL BDL (A8) NAAQS 6 1 20 5 1 4 -- -- (Courtesy: M/s. ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited) Note: BDL = Below Detectable Limit

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 90 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The Minimum Detectable Limits for various parameters are as below: Parameters Value 3 Ammonia (as NH 3) 5 g/m Lead (as Pb) 0.1 g/m 3 Nickel (as Ni) 1 ng /m 3 3 Benzene (as C 6H6) 0.1 g/m Arsenic (as As) 1 ng/m 3 Benzo (α) Pyrene (BaP) 0.01 ng /m 3 Hydrocarbon (HC) 1 ppm VOC ( Aeroqual Series 300 ( Sensor VOC 0 – 25 ppm) ) 0.1 ppm

3.4.1 SUMMARY The statistical interpretation of observed ambient air quality concentrations is presented in Table-3.4. They represent the cross-sectional distribution of the baseline air quality status of the study region.

3 3 The maximum concentration of PM 10 (54.63 g/m ), PM 2.5 (25.83 g/m ), SO 2 (8.11

3 3 3 g/m ), NOx (17.45 g/m ), O 3 (13.70 g/m ) was recorded in study area. The minimum

3 3 3 concentration of PM 10 (46.25 g/m ), PM 2.5 (21.75 g/m ), SO 2 (6.55 g/m ), NOx (13.42

3 3 g/m ), O 3 (10.67 g/m ) was recorded in study area.

Sr. Criteria Unit Maximum Minimum Prescribed No. Pollutants Value Value Standard 3 1. PM 10 g/m 54.63 46.25 100 3 2. PM 2.5 g/m 25.83 21.75 60 3 3. SO 2 g/m 8.11 6.55 80 3 4. NO x g/m 17.45 13.42 80 3 5. O3 g/m 13.70 10.67 100

3.4.2 INTERPRETATION:

The PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations at all the AAQM locations were primarily caused by local phenomena including industrial & vehicular activities and natural dust getting air borne due to manmade activities and blowing wind. PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations were observed below stipulated standards of CPCB for Industrial, Residential, Rural and Other Area at all air quality monitoring locations during the monitoring period. Results of all parameters are found within limit. Result of all other parameters i.e. NH 3, Pb, As, Ni,

C6H6, BaP & HC were found below detectable limit. The interpretation relates to the results found for particular locations and date of monitoring.

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 91 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

3.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT The objective of the noise level survey around the project site was to identify existing - noise sources and to measure background noise levels. Major noise sources in the study area are industries, commercial, and vehicular movements. The noise monitoring locations are given in Table - 3.3 and shown in Figure - 3.2 while the results of noise monitoring are given in Table - 3.5.

3.5.1 METHODOLOGY FOR NOISE MONITORING The noise monitoring was carried out at eight locations in day time during (6 am to 10 pm) and at night time (10 pm to 6 am) in the study area covering all the areas i.e. industrial, commercial, residential and silence zones as mentioned in Noise (Pollution and Control) Rules, 2000. CPCB Recommendations for community noise exposure are attached as Annexure – 2. Hourly Equivalent noise levels Leq (day) and Leq (night) were measured at each monitoring locations. monitoring ranging from March 03, 2021 to March 09,2021 during day and night time was carried out at all the locations.

Ambient Noise Standards

Zone Classification Lday dB(A) Lnight dB(A) Industrial Area 75 70 Commercial Area 65 55 Residential Area 55 45 Silence Zone 50 40

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 92 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT TABLE - 3.5 BACKGROUND NOISE LEVELS SR. LOCATION NOISE LEVEL IN dB(A) CPCB LIMIT dB(A) NO. DAY TIME NIGHT TIME LEQ DAY NIGHT TIME TIME MAX. MAX. A) RESIDENTIAL AREA 1. Project-site (N1) 49.3 42.9 48.0 <75 <65 2. Village: Sathyavedu (N2) 54.5 45.8 53.0 <55 <45 3. Village: Madanamjeri (N3) 51.5 43.7 50.1 <55 <45 4. Village: Uthukkottai (N4) 53.8 45.1 52.3 <55 <45 5. Village: Nelvoy (N5) 48.2 43.5 47.1 <55 <45 6. Village: Lachivakkam (N6) 50.1 43.9 48.8 <55 <45 7. Village: Siruvada (N7) 53.9 44.2 52.4 <55 <45 8. Village: Thervoy (N8) 53.4 44.8 51.9 <55 <45 (Courtesy: M/s. ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited) 3.5.2 Interpretation Based on noise level data obtained during the survey for residential area and industrial area, it is interpreted that noise levels are within the standard norms prescribed by CPCB. Looking towards the increase in noise generating sources it is suggested that there is need to apply noise reducing devices at noise generating sources and generate public awareness.

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 93 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

3.6 WATER ENVIRONMENT The annual rainfall in the region was 1442 mm. The baseline water quality status in the region is established by analyzing surface water and ground water. Water requirement at site would be met through SIPCOT water supply.

3.6.1 METHODOLOGY FOR WATER QUALITY MONITORING 8 nos. of ground water and 5 nos. of surface water samples were collected from the study area. These samples were analyzed for physic-chemical parameters to ascertain the baseline status in the existing surface water and ground water bodies. Samples were collected during the study period of March 03, 2021 to March 09, 2021 and analyzed as per the Standard Methods of Water and Wastewater Analysis (APHA).

SUMMARY The statistical interpretation of observed ground water & surface water quality is presented in Table-3.6.

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 94 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT TABLE - 3.6 GROUND & SURFACE WATER QUALITY

Acceptable Results S. limit as per Parameter Unit Test procedure No. IS 10500 : GW1 GW2 2012 1 Colour Hazen <1 <1 IS 3025(part 4)1983(RA 2017) 5 No Odour No Odour 2 Odour - IS 3025(part 8)1984(RA 2017) Agreeable Observed Observed IS:3025 Part 10 -1984(Reaff: 3 Turbidity NTU 0.7 0.6 1 2017) 4 IS :3025 Part 11 -1983(Reaff: pH at 25 °C - 7.96 7.68 6.5-8.5 2017) 5 IS :3025 Part 14 - 1984 Conductivity at 25 °C μS/cm 1575 1088 Not Specified (Reaff:2017) IS :3025 Part 16 -1984(Reaff: 6 Total dissolved solids mg/l 936 611 500 2017) IS :3025 Part 17 -1984(Reaff: 7 Total Suspended solids mg/l <2 <2 Not Specified 2017) Total Alkalinity as IS : 3025 Part 23 -1986(Reaff: 8 mg /l 354 210 200 CaCO 3 2019) Total Hardness as 9 mg/l 727 240 IS : 3025 Part 21-2009 200 CaCO 3 IS : 3025 Part 40 -1991(Reaff: 10 Calcium as Ca mg/l 141 71 75 2019) 11 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 91 15 APHA 23 rd EDN -3500 Mg B 30 IS :3025 Part 32 -1988 (Reaff: 12 Chloride as Cl - mg/l 137 157 250 2019) rd 2- 13 Sulphate as SO 4 mg/l 296 62 APHA 23 EDN -4500-SO 4 E 200 rd - 14 Nitrate as NO 3 mg/l 26 5 APHA 23 EDN -4500- NO 3 B 45 IS 3025(part 53)1987 (Reaff: 15 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.05 0.11 1 2019) BDL(<0.0 BDL(<0.01 16 Manganese as Mn mg/l APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 0.10 1) ) 17 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.27 0.17 APHA 23 rd EDN -4500-F B&D 1.00 (Courtesy: M/s. ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited)

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 95 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

Results Acceptable S. Parameter Unit Test procedure limit as per No. GW1 GW2 IS 10500 : 2012 IS : 3025 Part 45-1993 18 Sodium as Na mg/l 80 110 Not Specified (Reaff:2019) IS : 3025 Part 45 -1993 19 Potassium as K mg/l 5 2.4 Not Specified (Reaff:2019) 20 Barium as Ba mg/l BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1) APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 D 0.7 APHA 23 rd EDN -4500-Cl 21 Residual Free Chlorine mg/l BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1) 0.20 B APHA 23 rd EDN 3500 Al 22 Aluminium as Al mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) 0.03 B 23 Cadmium as Cd mg/l BDL(<0.003) BDL(<0.003) APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 0.003 24 Lead as Pb mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23 rd EDN -3113 B 0.01 25 Copper as Cu mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 0.05 26 Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.06 0.11 APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 5.00 27 Total Chromium as Cr mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 0.05 28 Arsenic as As mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23rd EDN -3113 B 0.01 APHA 23 rd EDN -4500- 29 Cyanide as CN mg/l BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) 0.05 CN E 30 Selenium as Se mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23 rd EDN -3113 B 0.01 IS APHA 23 rd EDN -3112 31 Mercury as Hg mg/l BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) 0.001 B Anionic Surfactants as 32 mg/l BDL(<0.025) BDL(<0.025) APHA 23 rd EDN 5540 C 0.20 MBAS Phenolic Compounds as APHA 23 rd EDN 5530 33 mg/l BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) 0.001 Phenol B,C 34 Pesticides mg/l Absent Absent APHA 23 rd EDN -6630 B, C Absent MPN/ IS–1622-1981 (Reaff – 35 Total Coliforms <2 2 Absent /100ml 100ml 2019) MPN/ IS–1622-1981 (Reaff– 36 E.coli <2 <2 Absent /100ml 100ml 2019)

(Courtesy: M/s. ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited)

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 96 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

Acceptable limit S. Results Parameter Unit Test procedure as per No. GW3 GW4 IS 10500 : 2012 1 Colour Hazen <1 <1 IS 3025(part 4)1983(RA 2017) 5 No Odour No Odour 2 Odour - IS 3025(part 8)1984(RA 2017) Agreeable Observed Observed IS:3025 Part 10-1984(Reaff: 3 Turbidity NTU 0.8 BDL(<0.5) 1 2017) IS :3025 Part 11-1983(Reaff: 4 pH at 25 °C - 7.65 7.56 6.5-8.5 2017) IS :3025 Part 14- 1984 5 Conductivity at 25 °C μS/cm 1398 1515 Not Specified (Reaff:2017) IS :3025 Part 16-1984(Reaff: 6 Total dissolved solids mg/l 751 811 500 2017) IS :3025 Part 17-1984(Reaff: 7 Total Suspended solids mg/l <2 <2 Not Specified 2017) IS : 3025 Part 23-1986(Reaff: 8 Total Alkalinity as CaCO 3 mg /l 310 374 200 2019) 9 Total Hardness as CaCO 3 mg/l 420 556 IS : 3025 Part 21-2009 200 IS : 3025 Part 40-1991(Reaff: 10 Calcium as Ca mg/l 96 145 75 2019) 11 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 44 41 APHA 23 rd EDN -3500 Mg B 30 IS :3025 Part 32-1988(Reaff: 12 Chloride as Cl - mg/l 214 188 250 2019) rd 2- 13 Sulphate as SO 4 mg/l 80 83 APHA 23 EDN -4500-SO 4 E 200 rd - 14 Nitrate as NO 3 mg/l 11 13 APHA 23 EDN -4500- NO 3 B 45 IS 3025(part 53)1987(Reaff: 15 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.05 BDL (<0.05) 1 2019) 16 Manganese as Mn mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 0.10 17 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.38 0.41 APHA 23 rd EDN -4500-F B&D 1.00 (Courtesy: M/s. ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited)

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 97 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Results Acceptable S. Parameter Unit Test procedure limit as per No. GW3 GW4 IS 10500 : 2012 IS : 3025 Part 45 -1993 18 Sodium as Na mg/l 152 102 Not Specified (Reaff:2019) IS : 3025 Part 45 -1993 19 Potassium as K mg/l 5.5 3.6 Not Specified (Reaff:2019) 20 Barium as Ba mg/l BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1) APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 D 0.7 21 Residual Free Chlorine mg/l BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1) APHA 23 rd EDN -4500-Cl B 0.20 22 Aluminium as Al mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) APHA 23 rd EDN 3500 Al B 0.03 23 Cadmium as Cd mg/l BDL(<0.003) BDL(<0.003) APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 0.003 24 Lead as Pb mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23 rd EDN -3113 B 0.01 25 Copper as Cu mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 0.05 26 Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.10 0.15 APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 5.00 27 Total Chromium as Cr mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 0.05 28 Arsenic as As mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23rd EDN -3113 B 0.01 29 Cyanide as CN mg/l BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) APHA 23 rd EDN -4500-CN E 0.05 30 Selenium as Se mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23 rd EDN -3113 B 0.01 31 Mercury as Hg mg/l BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) IS APHA 23 rd EDN -3112 B 0.001 Anionic Surfactants as 32 mg/l BDL(<0.025) BDL(<0.025) APHA 23 rd EDN 5540 C 0.20 MBAS Phenolic Compounds as 33 mg/l BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) APHA 23 rd EDN 5530 B,C 0.001 Phenol 34 Pesticides mg/l Absent Absent APHA 23 rd EDN -6630 B, C Absent MPN/ IS –1622 -1981 (Reaff – 35 Total Coliforms 2 <2 Absent /100ml 100ml 2019) MPN/ 36 E.coli <2 <2 IS–1622-1981 (Reaff–2019) Absent /100ml 100ml (Courtesy: M/s. ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited)

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 98 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

Results Acceptable S. Parameter Unit Test procedure limit as per No. GW5 GW6 IS 10500 : 2012 1 Colour Hazen <1 1 IS 3025(part 4)1983(RA 2017) 5 No Odour No Odour 2 Odour - IS 3025(part 8)1984(RA 2017) Agreeable Observed Observed 3 Turbidity NTU 7.84 7.98 IS:3025 Part 10-1984(Reaff: 2017) 1 4 pH at 25 °C - 1 0.7 IS :3025 Part 11-1983(Reaff: 2017) 6.5-8.5 5 Conductivity at 25 °C μS/cm 978 910 IS :3025 Part 14- 1984 (Reaff:2017) Not Specified 6 Total dissolved solids mg/l 594 537 IS :3025 Part 16-1984(Reaff: 2017) 500 7 Total Suspended solids mg/l <2 <2 IS :3025 Part 17-1984(Reaff: 2017) Not Specified Total Alkalinity as 8 mg/l 206 325 IS : 3025 Part 23-1986(Reaff: 2019) 200 CaCO 3

9 Total Hardness as CaCO 3 mg/l 321 353 IS : 3025 Part 21-2009 200 IS : 3025 Part 40-1991(Reaff: 10 Calcium as Ca mg/l 73 86 75 2019) 11 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 34 34 APHA 23 rd EDN -3500 Mg B 30 12 Chloride as Cl - mg/l 132 96 IS :3025 Part 32-1988(Reaff: 2019) 250 rd 2- 13 Sulphate as SO 4 mg/l 139 39 APHA 23 EDN -4500-SO 4 E 200 rd - 14 Nitrate as NO 3 mg/l 11 12 APHA 23 EDN -4500- NO 3 B 45 15 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.10 BDL(<0.05) IS 3025(part 53)1987(Reaff: 2019) 1 16 Manganese as Mn mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 0.10 1.00 17 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.42 0.29 APHA 23 rd EDN -4500-F B&D

(Courtesy: M/s. ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited)

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 99 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

Results Acceptable

S. limit as per Parameter Unit Test procedure No. GW5 GW6 IS 10500 :

2012 IS : 3025 Part 45 -1993 Not 18 Sodium as Na mg/l 96 72 (Reaff:2019) Specified IS : 3025 Part 45 -1993 Not 19 Potassium as K mg/l 3.7 1.8 (Reaff:2019) Specified 20 Barium as Ba mg/l BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1) APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 D 0.7 21 Residual Free Chlorine mg/l BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1) APHA 23 rd EDN -4500-Cl B 0.20 22 Aluminium as Al mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) APHA 23 rd EDN 3500 Al B 0.03 23 Cadmium as Cd mg/l BDL(<0.003) BDL(<0.003) APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 0.003 24 Lead as Pb mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23 rd EDN -3113 B 0.01 25 Copper as Cu mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 0.05 26 Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.10 0.05 APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 5.00 27 Total Chromium as Cr mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 0.05 28 Arsenic as As mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23rd EDN -3113 B 0.01 29 Cyanide as CN mg/l BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) APHA 23 rd EDN -4500-CN E 0.05 30 Selenium as Se mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23 rd EDN -3113 B 0.01 31 Mercury as Hg mg/l BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) IS APHA 23 rd EDN -3112 B 0.001 Anionic Surfactants as 32 mg/l BDL(<0.025) BDL(<0.025) APHA 23 rd EDN 5540 C 0.20 MBAS Phenolic Compounds as 33 mg/l BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) APHA 23 rd EDN 5530 B,C 0.001 Phenol 34 Pesticides mg/l Absent Absent APHA 23 rd EDN -6630 B, C Absent MPN/ 35 Total Coliforms <2 <2 IS–1622-1981 (Reaff –2019) Absent /100ml 100ml MPN/ 36 E.coli <2 <2 IS–1622-1981 (Reaff–2019) Absent /100ml 100ml (Courtesy: M/s. ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited)

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 100 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

Results Acceptable S. Parameter Unit Test procedure limit as per No. GW7 GW8 IS 10500 : 2012 1 Colour Hazen <1 <1 IS 3025(part 4)1983(RA 2017) 5 No Odour No Odour 2 Odour - IS 3025(part 8)1984(RA 2017) Agreeable Observed Observed 3 Turbidity NTU BDL(<0.5) BDL(<0.5) IS:3025 Part 10 -1984(Reaff: 2017) 1 IS :3025 Part 11-1983(Reaff: 4 pH at 25 °C - 7.58 7.74 6.5-8.5 2017) 5 Conductivity at 25 °C μS/cm 417 1615 IS :3025 Part 14- 1984 (Reaff:2017) Not Specified IS :3025 Part 16-1984(Reaff: 6 Total dissolved solids mg/l 245 915 500 2017) 7 Total Suspended solids mg/l <2 <2 IS :3025 Part 17-1984(Reaff: 2017) Not Specified Total Alkalinity as 8 mg/l 118 482 IS : 3025 Part 23-1986(Reaff: 2019) 200 CaCO 3

9 Total Hardness as CaCO 3 mg/l 120 406 IS : 3025 Part 21-2009 200 IS : 3025 Part 40-1991(Reaff: 10 Calcium as Ca mg/l 26 101 75 2019) 11 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 13.3 37 APHA 23 rd EDN -3500 Mg B 30 IS :3025 Part 32-1988(Reaff: 12 Chloride as Cl - mg/l 45 292 250 2019) rd 2- 13 Sulphate as SO 4 mg/l 43 66 APHA 23 EDN -4500-SO 4 E 200 rd - 14 Nitrate as NO 3 mg/l 2 10 APHA 23 EDN -4500- NO 3 B 45 15 Iron as Fe mg/l BDL(<0.05) 0.05 IS 3025(part 53)1987(Reaff: 2019) 1 16 Manganese as Mn mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 0.10 17 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.31 0.41 APHA 23 rd EDN -4500-F B&D 1.00

(Courtesy: M/s. ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited)

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 101 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

Results Acceptable S. Parameter Unit Test procedure limit as per No. GW7 GW8 IS 10500 : 2012 IS : 3025 Part 45-1993 18 Sodium as Na mg/l 38 122 Not Specified (Reaff:2019) IS : 3025 Part 45 -1993 19 Potassium as K mg/l 1 2.7 Not Specified (Reaff:2019) 20 Barium as Ba mg/l BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1) APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 D 0.7 21 Residual Free Chlorine mg/l BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1) APHA 23 rd EDN -4500-Cl B 0.20 22 Aluminium as Al mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) APHA 23 rd EDN 3500 Al B 0.03 23 Cadmium as Cd mg/l BDL(<0.003) BDL(<0.003) APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 0.003 24 Lead as Pb mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23 rd EDN -3113 B 0.01 25 Copper as Cu mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 0.05 26 Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.06 0.17 APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 5.00 27 Total Chromium as Cr mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 0.05 28 Arsenic as As mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23rd EDN -3113 B 0.01 29 Cyanide as CN mg/l BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) APHA 23rd EDN -4500-CN E 0.05 30 Selenium as Se mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23 rd EDN -3113 B 0.01 31 Mercury as Hg mg/l BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) IS APHA 23 rd EDN -3112 B 0.001 Anionic Surfactants as 32 mg/l BDL(<0.025) BDL(<0.025) APHA 23 rd EDN 5540 C 0.20 MBAS Phenolic Compounds as 33 mg/l BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) APHA 23 rd EDN 5530 B,C 0.001 Phenol 34 Pesticides mg/l Absent Absent APHA 23 rd EDN -6630 B, C Absent MPN/ 35 Total Coliforms <2 <2 IS–1622-1981 (Reaff –2019) Absent /100ml 100ml MPN/ 36 E.coli <2 <2 IS–1622-1981 (Reaff–2019) Absent /100ml 100ml

(Courtesy: M/s. ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited)

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 102 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT SURFACE WATER QUALITY:

Acceptable limit as per S. Results Test procedure Parameter Unit IS 10500 : No 2012 SW1 SW2 1 Temperature C 26.5 25.6 APHA 23 rd EDN -2550B Not Specified 2 Colour Hazen 15 8 APHA 23 rd EDN-2120 C 5 No Odour No Odour 3 Odour - APHA 23 rd EDN -2150 B Agreeable Observed Observed 4 pH at 25°C - 7.94 8.04 IS : 3025 Part 11- 1983 (Reaff: 2017) 6.5-8.5 5 Electrical Conductivity μS/cm 390 472 IS : 3025 Part 14 - 1984 (Reaff: 2019) Not Specified 6 Turbidity NTU 1.9 2.1 IS : 3025 Part 10-1984 (Reaff: 2017) 1 7 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 215 266 IS : 3025 Part 16-1984 (Reaff: 2017) 500 8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 124 140 IS : 3025 Part 21-1983 (Reaff: 2019) 200 9 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 116 113 IS : 3025 Part 23- 1986(Reaff: 2019) 200 10 Chloride as Cl mg/l 44 70 IS : 3025 Part 32-1988 (Reaff: 2019) 250 rd 2- 11 Sulphate as SO 4 mg/l 18 20 APHA 23 EDN - 4500- SO 4 E 200 12 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.10 0.21 APHA 23 rd EDN - 4500-F B&D 1.00 rd - 13 Nitrate as NO 3 mg/l 4 7 APHA 23 EDN - 4500- NO 3 B 45 rd 14 Ammonia as NH 3 mg/l 0.05 0.05 APHA 23 EDN - 4500- NH 3 B&C 0.5

15 Phosphate as PO 4 mg/l 0.14 0.02 IS : 3025 Part 31-1988 (Reaff: 2019) Not Specified 16 Sodium as Na mg/l 35 40 IS:3025 Part 45-1993(Reaff: 2019) Not Specified 17 Potassium as K mg/l 1.6 3 IS:3025 Part 45-1993(Reaff: 2019) Not Specified 18 Calcium as Ca mg/l 27 27 IS:3025 Part 40-1991(Reaff: 2019) Not Specified 19 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 13 17 APHA 23 rd EDN 3500 Mg B 30 (Courtesy: M/s. ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited)

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 103 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

Results Acceptable S. limit as per Parameter Unit Test Procedure No SW1 SW2 IS 10500 : 2012 20 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.10 0.15 IS : 3025 Part 53-2003(Reaff: 2019) 1 21 Manganese as Mn mg/l BDL(<0.02) 0.01 APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 0.10 22 Anionic Surfactants as MBAS mg/l BDL(<0.025) BDL(<0.025) APHA 23 rd EDN -5540 C 0.20 Not 23 Total Suspended Solids mg/l 3 4 IS:3025 Part 17-1984(Reaff: 2017) Specified Not 24 Dissolved Oxygen as O 2 mg/l 6.1 5.9 IS:3025:Part-38:1989(Reaff: 2019) Specified Not 25 Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l 12 14 IS:3025:Part-58:2006(Reaff: 2017) Specified Bio-Chemical Oxygen Not 26 mg/l <2 <2 IS:3025:Part-44:1993(Reaff: 2019) Demand @ 27°C for 3 days Specified Phenolic compounds as 27 mg/l BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) APHA 23 rd EDN 5530 B,C,D 0.001 C6H5OH 28 Copper as Cu mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 0.05 29 Mercury as Hg mg/l BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) APHA 23 rd EDN -3112 B 0.001 30 Cadmium as Cd mg/l BDL(<0.003) BDL(<0.003) APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 0.003 31 Selenium as Se mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23 rd EDN -3113 B 0.01 32 Total Arsenic as As mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 0.01 33 Cyanide as CN mg/l BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) APHA 23 rd EDN-4500-CN E 0.05 34 Lead as Pb mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 0.01 35 Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.12 0.08 APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 5.0 36 Total Chromium as Cr mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 0.05 37 Nickel as Ni mg/l BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 0.02 Oil & Grease Not 38 mg/l BDL(<1) BDL(<1) IS:3025:Part-39:1991(Reaff: 2019) Specified 39 Mineral oil mg/l BDL(<0.5) BDL(<0.5) IS:3025 :Part -39:1991(Reaff: 2019) 0.5 Poly Chlorinated Biphenyls BDL 40 mg/l BDL (<0.0001) APHA 23rd EDN -6630 B 0.0005 (PCBs) (<0.0001) Poly Nuclear Aromatic BDL 41 mg/l BDL (<0.0001) APHA 23rd EDN -6440 B 0.0001 Hydrocarbon as PAH (<0.0001) MPN/ 42 Total Coliform 1100 700 IS – 1622 -1981 (Reaff – 2019) - 100ml MPN/ 43 Fecal Coliform 80 40 IS – 1622-1981(Reaff – 2019) - 100ml (Courtesy: M/s. ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited)

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Acceptable S. Results Test procedure limit as per Parameter Unit No IS 10500 : 2012 SW3 SW4 SW5 1 Temperature C 27.1 25.5 25.5 APHA 23 rd EDN -2550B Not Specified Haze 2 Colour 20 25 25 APHA 23 rd EDN-2120 C 5 n No Odour No Odour No Odour 3 Odour - APHA 23 rd EDN -2150 B Agreeable Observed Observed Observed IS : 3025 Part 11- 1983 (Reaff: 4 pH at 25°C - 8.07 7.62 7.62 6.5-8.5 2017) μS/c IS : 3025 Part 14- 1984 (Reaff: 5 Electrical Conductivity 365 298 312 Not Specified m 2019) IS : 3025 Part 10-1984 (Reaff: 6 Turbidity NTU 4.6 4.1 4.1 1 2017) IS : 3025 Part 16-1984 (Reaff: 7 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 500 225 158 168 2017) IS : 3025 Part 21-1983 (Reaff: 8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 110 75 82 200 2019) IS : 3025 Part 23- 1986(Reaff: 9 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 96 68 70 200 2019) IS : 3025 Part 32-1988 (Reaff: 10 Chloride as Cl mg/l 63 41 47 250 2019) rd 2- APHA 23 EDN - 4500- SO 4 11 Sulphate as SO 4 mg/l 15 8 11 200 E 12 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.10 0.10 0.12 APHA 23 rd EDN - 4500-F B&D 1.00 rd - APHA 23 EDN - 4500- NO 3 13 Nitrate as NO 3 mg/l 1 5 3 45 B rd APHA 23 EDN - 4500- NH 3 14 Ammonia as NH 3 mg/l 0.17 0.08 0.11 0.5 B&C IS : 3025 Part 31-1988 (Reaff: 15 Phosphate as PO 4 mg/l 0.22 0.05 0.07 Not Specified 2019) IS:3025 Part 45-1993(Reaff: 16 Sodium as Na mg/l 42 26 28 Not Specified 2019) IS:3025 Part 45-1993(Reaff: 17 Potassium as K mg/l 3.9 2.2 3 Not Specified 2019) IS:3025 Part 40-1991(Reaff: 18 Calcium as Ca mg/l 21 17 19 Not Specified 2019) 19 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 14 7.89 8.3 APHA 23 rd EDN 3500 Mg B 30

(Courtesy: M/s. ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited)

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 105 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

Results Acceptable S. Parameter Unit Test Procedure limit as per No SW3 SW4 SW5 IS 10500 : 2012 IS : 3025 Part 53- 20 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.18 0.12 0.14 1 2003(Reaff: 2019) Manganese as Mn BDL BDL 21 mg/l BDL(<0.02) APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 0.10 (<0.02) (<0.02) Anionic Surfactants as 22 mg/l BDL(<0.025) BDL(<0.025) BDL(<0.025) APHA 23 rd EDN -5540 C 0.20 MBAS IS:3025 Part 17- 23 Total Suspended Solids mg/l 8 7 8 Not Specified 1984(Reaff: 2017) IS:3025:Part- 24 Dissolved Oxygen as O 2 mg/l 5.2 6.2 6.1 Not Specified 38:1989(Reaff: 2019) IS:3025:Part- 25 Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l 22 17 19 Not Specified 58:2006(Reaff: 2017) Bio-Chemical Oxygen IS:3025:Part- 26 mg/l 3.1 2.3 2.6 Not Specified Demand @ 27°C for 3 days 44:1993(Reaff: 2019) Phenolic compounds as APHA 23 rd EDN 5530 27 mg/l BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) 0.001 C6H5OH B, C,D 28 Copper as Cu mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 0.05 29 Mercury as Hg mg/l BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) APHA 23 rd EDN -3112 B 0.001 30 Cadmium as Cd mg/l BDL(<0.003) BDL(<0.003) BDL(<0.003) APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 0.003 31 Selenium as Se mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23 rd EDN -3113 B 0.01 32 Total Arsenic as As mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 0.01 Cyanide as CN APHA 23 rd EDN-4500-CN 33 mg/l BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) 0.05 E 34 Lead as Pb mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 0.01 35 Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.09 0.11 0.15 APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 5.0 36 Total Chromium as Cr mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 0.05 37 Nickel as Ni mg/l BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) APHA 23 rd EDN -3111 B 0.02 Oil & Grease IS:3025:Part- 38 mg/l BDL(<1) BDL(<1) BDL(<1) Not Specified 39:1991(Reaff: 2019) IS:3025:Part- 39 Mineral oil mg/l BDL(<0.5) BDL(<0.5) BDL(<0.5) 0.5 39:1991(Reaff: 2019) Poly Chlorinated Biphenyls BDL BDL BDL 40 mg/l APHA 23rd EDN -6630 B 0.0005 (PCBs) (<0.0001) (<0.0001) (<0.0001) Poly Nuclear Aromatic BDL BDL BDL 41 mg/l APHA 23rd EDN -6440 B 0.0001 Hydrocarbon as PAH (<0.0001) (<0.0001) (<0.0001) MPN/ IS – 1622 -1981 (Reaff – 42 Total Coliform >1600 >1600 >1600 - 100ml 2019) MPN/ IS – 1622-1981(Reaff – 43 Fecal Coliform 240 110 170 - 100ml 2019) (Courtesy: M/s. ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited) BDL - Below Detection Limit

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 106 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 3.6.2 BASELINE GROUND WATER QUALITY pH of ground water samples varied from 7.56 to 7.98. Turbidity was found 0.5 to 1.0 NTU,

Total Dissolved Solids varied in the range of 245 to 936 mg/L. Total Hardness (as CaCO 3) varied from 120 to 727 mg/L. Total Alkalinity varied from 118 to 482 mg/L. Chlorides and Sulfates are found in the range of 45 to 292 mg/L and 39 to 296 mg/L respectively.

Sr. Criteria Pollutants Unit Maximum Minimum Desirable Maximum No. Value Value Limit Permissible Limit 1. pH pH Scale 7.98 7.56 6.5 -8.5 No Relaxati on 2. Total Suspended Solids mg/L <2 <2 80 120 3. Total Hardness mg/L 727 120 300 600 4. Fluoride mg/L 0.42 0.17 1 1.5 5. Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 936 245 500 2000 6. Chlorides mg/L 292 45 250 1000 7. Zinc mg/L 0.15 0.05 5 15

3.6.3 BASELINE SURFACE WATER QUALITY pH of surface water samples was found 7.62 to 8.04. Turbidity was found 1.9 to 4.6 NTU,

Total Dissolved Solids was found 158 to 266 mg/L. Total Hardness (as CaCO 3) are found 75 to 140 mg/L. Total Alkalinity varied from 68 to 116 mg/L. Chlorides and Sulfates are found 41 to 70 mg/L and 8 to 20 mg/L respectively. Sr. Criteria Unit Maximum Minimum Value No. Pollutants Value

1. pH pH Scale 8.04 7.62 2. Total mg/L 116 68 Alkalinity 3. Total mg/L 140 75 Hardness 4. Total mg/L 266 158 Dissolved Solids

3.6.4 INTERPRETATION: Ground Water Quality: Based on comparison study with drinking water standards, it is interpreted that water samples collected from the villages should not be directly used in drinking but can be used in other domestic purposes like washing, bathing and irrigation. Results of copper, lead in the water sample of all the villages are found below detectable.

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 107 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT It can be observed that ground water qualities in terms of various essential and desirable characteristics are found within the limits specified by IS 10500:2012.

Surface Water Quality: There are three ponds considered in the study area. However, this water is not used for domestic/industrial activities; as the raw water is easily available through pipelines of local authorities. These water sources cannot be utilized for drinking but the water of these ponds can be used in irrigation. The water quality is good and it was observed that all the parameters are well within the range of acceptance criteria as per IS: 10500.

3.7 LAND ENVIRONMENT 3.7.1 SOIL QUALITY

Soil samples were collected from 8 locations during March 03, 2021 to March 09, 2021 within the study area to assess its physico-chemical characteristics. The analysis results of soil samples are given in Table 3.7.

TABLE – 3.7 PHYSICO-CHEMICALS CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL S. Parameters Test Methods S1 S2 S3 S4 No. 1 pH IS -2720(Part 26) 1987(RA 2011) 7.85 8.11 7.98 8.25 2 Bulk Density, g/cc FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 1 1.41 1.32 1.42 1.29 Electrical Conduc tivity, 3 IS -14767:2000 (RA 2010) 0.096 0.134 0.071 0.116 mS/cm 4 Total Nitrogen, kg/ha IS -14684:1999, Reaff:2008 184 235 178 203 Available Phosphorous, 5 FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 2 32.8 21.5 19.8 38.5 kg/ha 6 Available Potassium, kg/ha FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 7 265 352 274 390 Exchangeable Calcium as 7 FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 4 12.2 14.8 11.5 15.1 Ca,m.eq/100g Exchangeable Magnesium 8 FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 5 3.71 4.53 3.91 4.66 as Mg, m.eq/100g Exchangeable Sodium as 9 FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 6 0.85 1.41 0.96 1.29 Na, m.eq/100g 10 Organic matter (%) IS 2720 (Part 22):1972, Reaff:2010 1.12 1.47 1.09 1.52 Clay Clay 10 Texture Classification Loam Loam Loam Loam 11 Sand (%) Robinson Pipette Method 39.6 38.6 40.5 41 12 Clay (%) 25 33.5 26 32.8 13 Silt (%) 35.4 27.9 33.5 26.2 (Courtesy: M/s. ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited)

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 108 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

S. Parameters Test Methods S5 S6 S7 S8 No. 1 pH IS -2720(Part 26) 1987(RA 2011) 8.34 8.04 8.25 7.74 2 Bulk Density, g/cc FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 1 1.21 1.38 1.33 1.42 Electrical Conductivity, 3 IS -14767:2000 (RA 2010) 0.178 0.105 0.151 0.088 mS/cm 4 Total Nitrogen, kg/ha IS -14684:1999, Reaff:2008 295 181 224 182 Available Phosphorous, 5 FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 2 41 32.8 36 21.9 kg/ha 6 Available Potassium, kg/ha FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 7 348 266 384 331 Exchangeable Calcium as 7 FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 4 19.6 12 15.1 11.3 Ca,m.eq/100g Exchangeable Magnesium 8 FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 5 5.05 3.98 4.33 3.15 as Mg, m.eq/100g Exchangeable Sodium as Na, 9 FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 6 1.48 1.09 1.67 1.18 m.eq/100g 10 Organic matter (%) IS 2720 (Part 22):1972, Reaff:2010 1.37 0.97 1.15 1.32 Cla y 10 Texture Classification Clay Loam Loam Loam 11 Sand (%) Robinson Pipette Method 28.7 36.6 35.4 42.8 12 Clay (%) 51.4 25.3 36.1 27.1 13 Silt (%) 19.9 38.1 28.5 30.1 (Courtesy: M/s. ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited)

3.7.2 SUMMARY OF SOIL QUALITY Parameters like Potassium, Calcium, Total Nitrogen, Bulk Density, etc. were considered. Based on the soil analysis report, the following can be concluded: Sr. No. Criteria Pollutants Unit Maximum Value Minimum Value 1. pH pH Scale 8.34 7.74 2. Potassium (K) mg/kg 390 265 3. Bulk Density gm/cm 3 1.42 1.21 4. Calcium mg/kg 19.6 11.3 5. Total Nitrogen Kg/ha 295 178 6. Organic matter % 1.52 0.97 7. Available Phosphorus KG/HA 41 19.8

3.7.3 INTERPRETATION The porosity of soils can be considered as moderate too good for air and water movement in the soil and the pH of soils are slightly alkaline. The concentration of available Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium in the soil samples signifies that the soil of the area is fertile.

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 109 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 3.7.4 SOIL CHARACTERISTICS The soil of the district is mostly sandy, mixed sandy. In a few other places the soil is mixed with soda or other alkaline or stony. Rocks found in and near the surface are in detached masses. Altogether the soil of the district cannot be considered rich or very fertile. The alluvial soil - the most fertile type, is found on the banks of Kosasthalaiyar and Araniyar and other major rivers. The soil found nearer the sea coast is of the inferior type which is most suited for raising casurina. Laterite soil is the predominant soil type in Thiruvallur district accounting for 63.2% of the total area under cultivation. Red loam and black soil account for 28% in the district soil map. Over 13.7% of soils suffer from salinity/alkalinity. 13.2% of soil are with problems of water logging and marshy land. Sands, desert/coastal soils account for 3.0%.

FIGURE-3.3 SOIL CHARACTERISTICS

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 110 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 3.8 GEOLOGICAL, HYDROLOGICAL & DRAINAGE DATA The Thiruvallur district can be geologically classified into hard rock and sedimentary (alluvial) formation. This district is principally made up of Archaean, upper Gondwana and the tertiary formations. These are over laid by laterites and alluvium. The oldest of the crystalline rocks of Archaean age are of Biotite and Hornblende Gneiss, Charnockite and granite. These are intruded by Amphibole dykes, and occasionally with veins of quartz and pegmatites.

FIGURE-3.4 MAJOR GEOLOGICAL FEATURES

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 111 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

3.8.1 HYDROLOGY

Dams and reservoir: The only dam in the district is across the river named as Sathiyamoorthi sagar and was constructed in 1994. The designed capacity of the dam is 97.98MCM. There are three reservoirs at Red hills, , Chembarambakkam with the capacity of 93.46, 25.30, 103.23 MCM respectively. Water at Sathiyamoorthy dam and all the three reservoirs are used for only chennai city water supply. River basins: Araniyar, Kusasthalaiyar, Adyar and Cooum are the four rivers in the district. Araniyar and Kosasthaliyar originate in Andra Pradesh, whereas Cooum and Adyar originate from surplus courses of Cooum of tank in Thiruvallur taluk and Chembarambakkam tank in Sriperumpudur taluk respectively. In respect of basinwise ground water availability the average annual rainfall of the four river basin is 1039mm.

FIGURE-3.5 HYDROLOGY PATTERN

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 112 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 3.8.2 DRAINAGE PATTERN Araniyar, Korattalayar, Cooum, Nagari and Nandhi are the important rivers. The drainage pattern, in general, is dendritic. All the rivers are seasonal and carry substantial flows during monsoon period. Korattaliar river water is supplied to Cholavaram and Red Hill tanks by constructing an Anicut at Vellore Tambarambakkam. After filling a number of tanks on its further course, the river empties into the a few kilometres north of Chennai. The , flowing across the southern part of the district, has its origin in the surplus waters of the Cooum tank in and also receives the surplus waters of a number of tanks. It feeds the Chembarambakkam tank through a channel. It finally drains into the .

FIGURE-3.6 DRAINAGE PATTERN

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 113 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 3.9 LAND USE PATTERN AREAS UNDER DIFFERENT LAND USE

Sr. No LU Class Area in Ha Area in % 1 Agriculture 16593.75 51 2 Forest 5397.69 16.6 3 Industrial Area 463.84 1.4 4 Residential Area 3769.08 12.0 13 Scrubland 5025.96 15.5 14 Water body 3352.56 10.3 TOTAL 32510.53 100

FIGURE – 3.7 LAND USE / LAND COVER

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 114 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 115 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

3.10 TOPOSHEET (KEY INFRASTRUCTURE)

FIGURE 3.8 TOPOSHEET (KEY INFRASTRUCTURE)

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3.11 ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION Introduction : The climatic, edaphic and biotic variations with their complex interrelationship and composition of the species, which are adapted to these variations, have resulted in different vegetation cover, characteristic of each region. The ecology of the study area is briefly discussed in this subsection. The study is mostly surrounded by the rural area.The fallow land prevails majority occupancy in study area following agriculture land and industries.

Environmental Impact Assessments have become an integral part of development project to formulate policies and guidelines for environmentally sound economic development. Proper assessment of biological environment and compilation of its taxonomical data is essential for the impact prediction.

A base line Survey has been carried out to appraise the terrestrial flora and fauna within study areas of 10 km radius around the industry project site.

Methodology: Floral and Faunal species were observed within the 10 km aerial radius from the project site using point sampling method by random sampling.

Table 3.8: Methodology for evaluation of biodiversity status of study area Tree Random Sampling by 10 -meter radius circular plot Shrubs Random Sampling by 10 -meter radius circular plot Plants Herbs Random Sampling by 1-meter x 1-meter square plot Terrestrial Random Point centered quadrate in 10-meter Birds radius Aquatic Random Line sampling - Total count &Flock count Terrestrial/Aquatic Random Pint sampling 10-meter radius circular plot Herpetofauna Indirect evidence Randomly Survey in the village with the help of pictorial representation Direct Evidence Through Random Survey and Direct Sightings. Mammals Direct Count Random Line transect Indirect evidence Surveys in the villages with the help of pictorial representation

Ecological Information about the project site: The study area is have different ecosystems such as Forests of Chittoor districts Andhra Pradesh and Thiruvallur district of Tamilnadu. These are good biodiversity areas. Along with this there are many seasonal water bodies and river present all over the study area. There are big scrublands also present adjacent to forest as well as human settlements. All these habitats is a home to different kind of Biodiversity and the details of the same is given below:

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 117 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Ecology of the study area: Table 3.9 FLORA: S.No Scientific Name Common Name Tree 1 Azadirachta indica Neem 2 Ficus benghalensis Bargat 3 Acacia nilotica Babool 4 Cocos nucifera Coconut 5 Ficus amplissima Bat tree 6 Aegle marmelos Bel 7 Mangifera indica Mango 8 Tamarindus indica Tamarind 9 Albizzia lebbeck Kala Siras 10 Delonix regia Gulmohr 11 Citrus medica Stock Melon 12 Emblica officinalis Amla 13 Euphorbia tirucalli Pencil plant 14 Musa paradise Banana 15 Pongamia pinnata Karanja 16 Wattakaka volubilis Sneeze Wort 17 Syzygium cumini Jamun 18 Tectona grandis Teak 19 Sida cordifolia Country Mallow Shrubs 1 Jatropha curcus Ratanjoti 2 Solanum indicum Ubhiringon 3 Lantana camara Wild Sage 4 Jatropha glandulifera Glan dular Jatropha 5 Datura metel Dhutura 6 Abrus precatorius Coral bead vine 7 Asparagus racemosus Shatavari 8 Cressa cretica Rudravanti 9 Flueggea leucopyrus Bushweed 10 Jasminum sessiliflorum Kuruvilaangkodi 11 Morinda pubescens Indian Mulberry 12 Pavetta indica Indian Pavetta 13 Vitex trifolia Lagundi 14 Solanum pubescens Turkey berry 15 Tridax procumbens Tridax daisy 16 Cassia tora Chakvad 17 Neptunia oleracea Water mimosa 18 Ochna obtusata Golden champak 19 Euphorbia geniculata Fireplant 20 Plumba gozeylanica White leadwort 21 Opuntia dillenii Prickly pear

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 118 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Herbs 1 Xanthium strumarium Common cocklebur 2 Dinebra retroflexa Viper grass 3 Cynodon dactylon Durba grass 4 Mimosa pudica Lajwanti 5 Parthenium hysterophorus Gajarghas 6 Phy llanthus amarus Bahupatra 7 Sporobolus fertilis Giant Parramatta Grass 8 Pancium paludosum Torpedo Grass 9 Schoeno plectusacutus Bulrush 10 Tridax procumbens Tridax Daisy 11 Oldenlandia corymbosa Daman pappad 12 Typha angustata Ramban 13 Tribulus terrestris Mithugokhru 14 Sida cordifolia Flannel weed 15 Aerva lanata Chaya 16 Ocimum bacillicum Sweet basil 17 Dactyloctenium aegyptium Crowfoot grass 18 Sporoboluscoro mandelianus Smut grass Climbers 1 Coccin iaindica Kundru 2 Cissampelos pareira Abutua 3 Cardiospermum halicacabum Balloon Vine 4 Coccinia grandis Ivy Gourd

Table 3.10 FAUNA FAUNA Mammals Sr. WPA Local Name Scientific Name IUCN Status No Schedule 1 Small Indian civet Viverricula indica LC IV 2 Hanuman langur Presbytis entellus LC II 3 Common Indian hare Lepus nigricollis LC IV Common Indian 4 Herpestes edwardsi LC II mongoose 5 Asian house shrew Suncus murinus LC IV Five-striped palm 6 Funambulus pennantii LC IV squirrel 7 House mouse Mus musculus LC V 8 Indian flying fox Pteropus giganteus LC V Lesser mouse-tailed 9 Rhinopoma hardwickii LC Bat V BIRDS Sr. WPA Common Name Scientific Name IUCN Status No Schedule

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 119 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 1 Lesser Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna javanica LC IV 2 Knob-billed Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos LC IV 3 Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus LC I 4 Common Quail Coturnix coturnix LC IV Coturnix 5 Rain Quail LC coromandelica IV Francolinus 6 Gray Francolin LC pondicerianus IV 7 Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficolli LC IV 8 Rock Pigeon Columba livia LC V Eurasian Collared- 9 Streptopelia decaocto LC Dove IV Streptopelia 10 Red Collared-Dove LC tranquebarica IV Streptopelia 11 Laughing Dove LC senegalensis IV 12 Pied Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus LC IV Eudynamys 13 Asian Koel LC scolopaceus IV 14 Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus LC IV 15 House Swift Apus affinis LC IV 16 Eurasian Moorhen Gallinula chloropus LC IV 17 Eurasian Coot Fulica atra LC IV Gray-headed Porphyrio 18 LC Swamphen poliocephalus IV White-breasted Amaurornis 19 LC Waterhen phoenicurus IV Himantopus 20 Black-winged Stilt LC himantopus IV 21 Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus LC IV Greater Painted- Rostratula 22 LC Snipe benghalensis IV 23 Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos LC IV 24 Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis LC IV 25 River Tern Sterna aurantia LC IV 26 Asian Openbill Anastomus oscitans LC IV 27 Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala Near-threatened IV Phalacrocorax 28 Indian Cormorant LC fuscicollis IV 29 Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger LC IV 30 Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo LC IV Ixobrychus 31 Cinnamon Bittern LC cinnamomeus IV 32 Gray Heron Ardea cinerea LC IV 33 Purple Heron Ardea purpurea LC IV 34 Great Egret Ardea alba LC IV

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 120 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 35 Intermediate Egret Ardea intermedia LC IV 36 Little Egret Egretta garzetta LC IV 37 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis LC IV 38 Indian Pond-Heron Ardeola grayi LC IV 39 Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus LC IV Threskiornis 40 Black-headed Ibis Near-threatened melanocephalus IV 41 Red-naped Ibis Pseudibis papillosa LC IV Oriental Honey- 42 Pernis ptilorhynchus LC buzzard I 43 Shikra Accipiter badius LC I 44 Spotted Owlet Athene brama LC IV 45 Eurasian Hoopoe Upupa epops LC IV 46 Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis LC IV White-throated 47 Halcyon smyrnensis LC Kingfisher IV 48 Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis LC IV 49 Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis LC IV Psilopogon 50 Coppersmith Barbet LC haemacephalus IV Black-rumped 51 Dinopium benghalense LC Flameback IV 52 Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri LC IV 53 White-browed Fantail Rhipidura aureola LC IV 54 Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus LC IV 55 Ashy Drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus LC IV 56 White-bellied Drongo Dicrurus caerulescens LC IV 57 Bay-backed Shrike Lanius vittatus LC IV 58 Long-tailed Shrike Lanius schach LC IV 59 Common Tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius LC IV 60 Graceful Prinia Prinia gracilis LC IV 61 Ashy Prinia Prinia socialis LC IV 62 Booted Warbler Iduna caligata LC IV 63 Paddyfield Warbler Acrocephalus agricola LC IV Ptyonoprogne 64 Dusky Crag-Martin LC concolor IV 65 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica LC IV 66 Wire-tailed Swallow Hirundo smithii LC IV 67 Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer LC IV Phylloscopus 68 Greenish Warbler LC trochiloides IV 69 Common Babbler Turdoides caudata LC IV 70 Large Gray Babbler Turdoides malcolmi LC IV 71 Jungle Babbler Turdoides striata LC IV 72 Brahminy Starling Sturnia pagodarum LC IV 73 Indian Robin Copsychus fulicatus LC IV

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 121 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Oriental Magpie- 74 Copsychus saularis LC Robin IV Tickell's Blue 75 Cyornis tickelliae LC Flycatcher IV 76 Bluethroat Luscinia svecica LC IV Red-breasted 77 Ficedula parva LC Flycatcher IV 78 Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros LC IV 79 Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata LC IV 80 Purple Sunbird Cinnyris asiaticus LC IV Black-breasted 81 Ploceus benghalensis LC Weaver IV 82 Red Avadavat Amandava amandava LC IV 83 Indian Silverbill Euodice malabarica LC IV Yellow-throated 84 Gymnoris xanthocollis LC Sparrow IV 85 Gray Wagtail Motacilla cinerea LC IV Western Yellow 86 Motacilla flava LC Wagtail IV 87 Citrine Wagtail Motacilla citreola LC IV 88 White Wagtail Motacilla alba LC IV 89 Paddyfield Pipit Anthus rufulus LC IV 90 Long-billed Pipit Anthus similis LC IV Reptilia Sr. WPA Common Name Scientific Name IUCN Status No. Schedule 1 Brooke's house gecko Hemidactylus brookii LC - Yellow-bellied house Hemidactylus 2 LC gecko flaviviridis IV Oriental garden 3 Calotes versicolor LC lizard IV Common Indian 4 Varanus bengalensis LC monitor IV Rough-tailed sand 5 Gongylophis conicus LC boa. II 6 Buff striped keelback Amphiesma stolatum LC II 7 Indian wolf snake Lycodon aulicus LC II 8 Indian ratsnake Ptyas mucosa LC II 9 Common krait Bungarus caeruleus LC II 10 Indian cobra Naja naja LC II 11 Russell's viper Daboia russelii LC II Indian soft-shelled 12 Lissemys punctata LC turtle I Amphibia Sr. WPA Common Name Scientific Name IUCN Status No. Schedule

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 122 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Duttaphrynus 1 Asian common toad LC melanostictus IV 2 Indian cricket frog Fejervarya limnocharis LC IV Sphaerotheca 3 Indian burrowing frog LC breviceps IV Insects Sr. WPA Common Name Scientific Name IUCN Status No. Schedule Ceriagrion 1 Damselfly LC coromandelianum IV Microcentrum 2 Katydid LC rhombifolium IV 3 Field cricket Gryllus domesticus LC IV 4 Mole cricket Gryllotalpa orientalis LC IV 5 Grasshopper Schistocerca gregaria LC IV 6 Cockroach Periplaneta americana LC IV 7 Termite Odontotermes obesus LC IV Platypleura 8 Cicada LC octoguttata IV 9 Mosquito Aedes species LC IV 10 Mosquito Anopheles species LC IV 11 Long-legged flies Condylostylus species LC IV Sphaerophoria 12 Flower fly LC scutellaris IV 13 Blow fly Lucilia illustris LC IV 14 House fly Musca domestica LC IV 15 Moth Syntomis passalis LC IV 16 Plain tiger Danaus chrysippus LC IV 17 Common tiger Danaus genutia LC IV 18 Common Indian crow Euploea core LC IV 19 Paper wasp Ropalidia variegata LC IV 20 Thread-waisted wasp Sphex lobatus LC IV 21 Carpenter bee Xylocopa virginica LC IV 22 Honey bee Apis dorsata LC IV 23 Honey bee Apis florea LC IV Camponotus 24 Black ant LC compressus IV Oecophylla 25 Weaver ant LC smaragdina IV 26 ant Crematogaster soror LC IV 27 Tent-weaver spider Cyrtophora citricola LC IV 28 Orb-web spider Argiope anasuja LC IV Thelacantha 29 Spiny-backed spider LC brevispina IV 30 Scorpion Orthochirus flavescens LC IV 31 Centipede Scolopendra cingulata LC IV

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 123 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 32 Earthworm Pheretima posthuma LC IV

Details of Presence of Schedule-I species Study Area: M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD, Plot No:A7, SIPCOT Industrial Complex, Village: Thervoykandigai; Taluk: Gummidipoondi; District: Thiruvallur; State: Tamil Nadu a) Whether there is presence of schedule-I species? The Schedule- I species as per Wildlife Protection Act -1972 are:

Sr. Scientific Name WPA Animal Type Local Name IUCN Status No. (Zoological Name) Status Oriental honey 1 Pernis ptilorhynchus Madhiyo baj I LC buzzard 2 Black kite Milvus migrans Samadi I LC 3 Shikra Accipiter badius Shakro I LC 4 Indian peafowl Pavo cristatus Mor I LC Indian flapshell 5 Lissemys punctata Kachbo LC I turtle

b) Whether conservation plan for schedule-I species has been prepared? Conservation Plan for Schedule – I species documented from project site Introduction A detailed biological survey of the core zone (Project site) and buffer zone (10 km radius from periphery of the project site) was carried out giving details of flora and fauna. However, peacock which belongs to Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 are the only species of fauna found in the study area.

A detailed field survey was carried out for complete documentation of floral as well as faunal biodiversity for the core zone which is at Project site and the buffer zone which is 10 km aerial circular area from the project site. The Oriental Honey Buzzard ( Pernis ptilorhynchus), Black Kite ( Milvus migrans ), Shikra ( Accipiter badius ), Indian Peafowl ( Pavo cristatus ) among the birds, Indian flapshell turtle(Lissemys punctata ) among the reptiles was recorded from the study area and these faunal species belongs to Schedule – I of the Wildlife Protection Act – 1972. Following are species wise conservation plans and also generalized measures for their conservation. - Oriental Honey Buzzard ( Pernis ptilorhynchus)

Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Accipitriformes Family: Accipitridae Genus: Pernis Species: P. ptilorhynchus

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 124 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Binomial name Pernis ptilorhynchus General Description of the species Despite its name, this species is not related to Buteobuzzards, and is taxonomically closer to the kites. It appears long-necked with a small head (resembling that of a pigeon), and soars on flat wings. The head lacks a strong superciliary ridge, giving it a facial appearance very unlike a raptor. It has a long tail and a short head crest. It is brown above, but not as dark as European honey buzzard, and paler below. A dark throat stripe is present. Unusually for a large bird of prey, the sexes can be distinguished. The male has a blue- grey head, while the female's head is brown. She is slightly larger and darker than the male. The male has a black tail with a white band. It is larger and longer-winged than its western counterpart, the European honey buzzard, Pernis apivorus .

Breeding of the species It breeds in Asia from central Siberia east to Japan. It is a summer migrant to Siberia, wintering in tropical Southeast Asia. Elsewhere, it is more-or-less resident.

Food Habits&Behaviour of the Species It is a specialist feeder, living mainly on the larvae of social bees and wasps, and eating bits of comb and honey. It takes other small insect prey such as cicadas. The crested honey buzzard breeds in woodland, and is inconspicuous except in the spring, when the mating display includes wing-clapping. The display of roller-coasting in flight and fluttering wings at the peak of the ascent are characteristic of the genus Pernis.

Conservation and Its relationship with Humans In present study area it is very common bird of prey and can be easily seen everywhere. It have very good adaptability to every ecosystems such as Agro, Urban, Rural, Forest and Wetlands. As it prefers the larvae of social bees and wasps, and eating bits of comb and honey. It takes other small insect prey such as cicadas as food and so it is very much associated to humans. But in this study area neither any such threat to the species observed nor any harm by humans practiced. The species is well associated with human habitations without any problem.

Probable Threats to the species - This is large bird of prey and it prefers large trees for roosting and nesting so decreasing amount of such trees is kind of direct threat to the species.

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 125 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT - It prefers social bees and wasps for food as well as bits of honey comb so the indirect loss of such species can disturb the food availability of Honey buzzard. It also prey upon small insects such as cicadas so application of various pesticides can indirectly harm the species. - Global Warming and Air pollution can harm this species in seasonal migration and the health of the species. Conservation Measures Direct and indirect approach is required to provide effective conservation, which is recommended as under: - Increasing the tree cover in the study area which will provide shelter and roosting to theHoney Buzzard. This can be achieved by planting of trees (a group of trees that grow close together, generally without many bushes or other plants) in buffer area. By encouraging people for plantation of some local species such as Neem, Shirish, Khakhro, Haldu, Amli, Banyan, Peepal and Peeper or other Ficus sp. Vacant places such as edges of agricultural fields, village Gauchar, Panchayat’s common land, neighbourhood of people inhibiting, road side avenue tree plantation, open scrubs, ravines, school compounds can be selected for practicing the plantation activity. - Awareness programmes (community and school level) for conservation of Bird of Preys in the study area as well as negative effects of Chemical pesticide and how it is harmful to the food chain of such species is very essential and the same can be achieved through organizing competitions during “Wildlife Week” celebrations by active involvement of local community. - Some provision of rewards to informers for the control of poaching and illegal trade in wildlife. - Carrying out census and research projects to know the potential threats and population status of the species in collaboration of local schools, colleges, panchayats and forest department. - Suggest strategies to minimize negative impacts of changing environment in nearby area of OrientalHoney buzzard populations and to promote conservation of habitats. - Another way to help preserve the endangered species is to create society dedicated to ecological ethics. All the conservation measures will be implemented with the help of and in the consultation of the district forest department. - With the objective of effectively protecting the wild life and to control poaching, smuggling and illegal trade in wildlife and its derivatives, the Government of India enacted Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972. The Act was amended in January 2003 and punishment and penalty for offences under the Act have been made more stringent.

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- Black Kite ( Milvus migrans ) Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Accipitriformes Family: Accipitridae Genus: Milvus Species: M. migrans Binomial name Milvus migrans

General Description of the species

The black kite (Milvus migrans ) is a medium-sized bird of prey in the family Accipitridae, which also includes many other diurnal raptors. It is thought to be the world's most abundant species of Accipitridae, although some populations have experienced dramatic declines or fluctuations. Current global population estimates run up to 6 million individuals. Unlike others of the group, black kites are opportunistic hunters and are more likely to scavenge. They spend a lot of time soaring and gliding in thermals in search of food. Their angled wing and distinctive forked tail make them easy to identify. They are also vociferous with a shrill whinnying call. This kite is widely distributed through the temperate and tropical parts of Eurasia and parts of Australasia and Oceania, with the temperate region populations tending to be migratory. Several subspecies are recognized and formerly had their own English names. The European populations are small, but the South Asian population is very large.

The species is found in Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia. The temperate populations of this kite tend to be migratory while the tropical ones are resident. European and central Asian birds (subspecies M. m. migrans and black-eared kite M. m. lineatus , respectively) are migratory, moving to the tropics in winter, but races in warmer regions such as the Indian M. m. govinda (small Indian/pariah kite), or the Australasian M. m. affinis (fork- tailed kite), are resident. In some areas such as in the United Kingdom, the black kite occurs only as a wanderer on migration.

In India, the population of M. m. govinda is particularly large especially in areas of high human population. Here the birds avoid heavily forested regions. A survey in 1967 in the 150 square kilometres of the city of New Delhi produced an estimate of about 2200 pairs or roughly 15 per square kilometre. Another survey in 2013 estimated 150 pairs for every 10 square kilometres.

Breeding of the species The breeding season of black kites in India begins in winter (mainly January and February), the young birds fledging before the monsoons. The nest is a rough platform of twigs and rags placed in a tree. Nest sites may be reused in subsequent years. The nests may sometimes be decorated with bright materials such as white plastic and a study in

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 127 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Spain suggests that they may have a role in signalling to keep away other kites. After pairing, the male frequently copulates with the female. Unguarded females may be approached by other males, and extra pair copulations are frequent. Males returning from a foraging trip will frequently copulate on return, as this increases the chances of his sperm fertilizing the eggs rather than a different male. Both the male and female take part in nest building, incubation and care of chicks. The typical clutch size is 2 or sometimes 3 eggs. The incubation period varies from 30–34 days. Chicks of the Indian population stayed at the nest for nearly two months. Chicks hatched later in European populations appeared to fledge faster. The care of young by the parents also rapidly decreased with the need for adults to migrate. Siblings show aggression to each other and often the weaker chick may be killed, but parent birds were found to preferentially feed the smaller chicks in experimentally altered nests. Newly hatched young have down (prepennae) which are sepia on the back and black around the eye and buff on the head, neck and underparts. This is replaced by brownish-gray second down (preplumulae). After 9–12 days, the second down appears on the whole body except the top of the head. Body feathers begin to appear after 18 to 22 days. The feathers on the head become noticeable from the 24th to 29th day. The nestlings initially feed on food fallen at the bottom of the nest and begin to tear flesh after 33–39 days. They are able to stand on their legs after 17–19 days and begin flapping their wings after 27–31 days. After 50 days, they begin to move to branches next to the nest. Birds are able to breed after their second year. Parent birds guard their nest and will dive aggressively at intruders. Humans who intrude the nest appear to be recognized by birds and singled out for dive attacks.

Food Habits&Behaviour of the Species

Black kites are most often seen gliding and soaring on thermals as they search for food. The flight is buoyant and the bird glides with ease, changing directions easily. They will swoop down with their legs lowered to snatch small live prey, fish, household refuse and carrion, for which behaviour they are known in British military slang as the shite-hawk. They are opportunist hunters and have been known to take birds, bats, and rodents. They are attracted to smoke and fires, where they seek escaping prey. Black kites in Spain prey on nestling waterfowl especially during summer to feed their young. Predation of nests of other pairs of black kites has also been noted. Kites have also been seen to tear and carry away the nests of baya weavers in an attempt to obtain eggs or chicks.

Conservation and Its relationship with Humans

This species is very commonly found in human settlements as well as around agricultural habitats and scrublands near human habitations. This species is given special attention as it is included under Schedule-I of the Wildlife Protection Act-1972.

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 128 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The Indian populations are well adapted to living in cities and are found in densely populated areas. Large numbers may be seen soaring in thermals over cities. In some places, they will readily swoop and snatch food held by humans.The birds avoid heavily forested regions. A survey in 1967 in the 150 square kilometres of the city of New Delhi produced an estimate of about 2200 pairs or roughly 15 per square kilometre. Another survey in 2013 estimated 150 pairs for every 10 square kilometres. Probable Threats to the species

- Black kites often perch on electric wires and are frequent victims of electrocution. - Their habit of swooping to pick up dead rodents or other roadkill leads to collisions with vehicles. - Instances of mass poisoning as a result of feeding on poisoned pests in agricultural fields. - As a large raptorial bird, the black kite has few natural predators. However, they do have a single serious predator: the Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo ). - Like most bird species, they have parasites, several species of endoparasitic trematodes are known and some Digenea species that are transmitted via fishes. - In this study area there are no such threats have been observed for this species. Conservation Measures Direct and indirect approach is required to provide effective conservation, which is recommended as under: - Increasing the tree cover in the study area which will provide shelter and roosting to theBlack Kite. This can be achieved by planting of trees (a group of trees that grow close together, generally without many bushes or other plants) in buffer area. By encouraging people for plantation of some local species such as Neem, Shirish, Khakhro, Haldu, Amli, Banyan, Peepal and Peeper or other Ficus sp. Vacant places such as edges of agricultural fields, village Gauchar, Panchayat’s common land, neighbourhood of people inhibiting, road side avenue tree plantation, open scrubs, ravines, school compounds can be selected for practicing the plantation activity. - Awareness programmes (community and school level) for conservation of Bird of Preys in the study area as well as negative effects of Chemical pesticide and how it is harmful to the food chain of such species is very essential and the same can be achieved through organizing competitions during “Wildlife Week” celebrations by active involvement of local community. - Some provision of rewards to informers for the control of poaching and illegal trade in wildlife. - Carrying out census and research projects to know the potential threats and population status of the species in collaboration of local schools, colleges, panchayats and forest department.

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 129 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT - Suggest strategies to minimize negative impacts of changing environment in nearby area of Black Kite populations and to promote conservation of habitats. - Another way to help preserve the endangered species is to create society dedicated to ecological ethics. All the conservation measures will be implemented with the help of and in the consultation of the district forest department. - With the objective of effectively protecting the wild life and to control poaching, smuggling and illegal trade in wildlife and its derivatives, the Government of India enacted Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972. The Act was amended in January 2003 and punishment and penalty for offences under the Act have been made more stringent.

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 130 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

- Shikra ( Accipiter badius ) Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Accipitriformes Family: Accipitridae Genus: Accipiter Species: A. badius Binomial name Accipiter badius General Description of the species

The shikra (Accipiter badius ) is a small bird of prey in the family Accipitridae found widely distributed in Asia and Africa where it is also called the little banded goshawk . The African forms may represent a separate species but have usually been considered as subspecies of the shikra. The shikra is very similar in appearance to other sparrow hawk species including the Chinese goshawk and Eurasian sparrowhawk. They have a sharp two note call and have the typical flap and glide flight. Their calls are imitated by drongos and the common hawk-cuckoo resembles it in plumage. The shikra is a small raptor (26–30 cm long) and like most other Accipiter hawks, this species has short rounded wings and a narrow and somewhat long tail. Adults are whitish on the underside with fine rufous bars while the upperparts are grey. The lower belly is less barred and the thighs are whitish. Males have a red iris while the females have a less red (yellowish orange) iris and brownish upperparts apart from heavier barring on the underparts. The females are slightly larger. The mesial stripe on the throat is dark but narrow. In flight the male seen from below shows a light wing lining (underwing coverts) and has blackish wing tips. When seen from above the tail bands are faintly marked on the lateral tail feathers and not as strongly marked as in the Eurasian sparrowhawk. The central tail feathers are unbanded and only have a dark terminal band. Juveniles have dark streaks and spots on the upper breast and the wing is narrowly barred while the tail has dark but narrow bands. A post juvenile transitional plumage is found with very strong barring on the contour feathers of the underside. The call is pee-wee , the first note being higher and the second being longer. In flight the calls are shorter and sharper kik-ki ... kik- ki . The Chinese sparrowhawk is somewhat similar in appearance but has swollen bright orange ceres and yellow legs with the wing tips entirely black.

Breeding of the species The breeding season in India is in summer from March to June. The nest is a platform similar to that of crows lined with grass. Both sexes help build the nest, twigs being carried in their feet. Like crows, they may also make use of metal wires. The usual clutch

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 131 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT is 3 to 4 eggs (when eggs are removed they lay replacements and one observer noted that they could lay as many as 7 in a season) which are pale bluish grey stippled on the broad end in black. The incubation period is 18 to 21 days.

Food Habits&Behaviour of the Species

The Shikra is found in a range of habitats including forests, farmland and urban areas. They are usually seen singly or in pairs. The flight is typical with flaps and glides. During the breeding season pairs will soar on thermals and stoop at each other. Their flight usually draws alarms among smaller birds and squirrels. They feed on rodents (including Meriones hurrianae ), squirrels, small birds, small reptiles (mainly lizards but sometimes small snakes) and insects. Small birds usually dive through foliage to avoid a Shikra and a Small Blue Kingfisher has been observed diving into water to escape. Babblers have been observed to rally together to drive away a Shikra. They will descend to the ground to feast on emerging winged termites, hunt at dusk for small bats (such as Cynopterus sphinx ) and in rare instances they may even resort to feed on carrion. In one instance a male was found feeding on a dead chick at the nest. Their calls are mimicked by drongos and this behaviour is thought to aid in stealing food by alarming other birds that the drongos associate with.

Conservation and Its relationship with Humans

This species is very commonly found in human settlements as well as around agricultural habitats and scrublands near human habitations. This species is given special attention as it is included under Schedule-I of the Wildlife Protection Act-1972.The Shikra was a favourite among falconers in India and Pakistan due to the ease with it could be trained and was frequently used to procure food for the more prized falcons. They were noted for their pluck and ability to take much larger birds including partridges, crows and even young peafowl. The word shikra or shikara means hunter in the Hindi language (the male was called chipak or chipka based on call) the word Shikra is borrowed from the Urdu word which is derived from the word shikari meaning hunter. Hunting in Persian is referred to as shikar and in Arabic the hunt master in the Mameluke era was known as Ameer Shikar. The word Shikari may also be used in English in the sense of "hunter". An Indian Navyhelicopter base was named INS Shikra in 2009. The shikra is also the mascot for the 149 Squadron of the Republic of Singapore Air Force, which operates the F5S/T Tiger IIs fighter jets

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 132 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Probable Threats to the species

- The Shikra was a favourite among falconers in India and Pakistan due to the ease with it could be trained and was frequently used to procure food for the more prized falcons, so sometimes the illegal trade can be happen for the species. - Shikra often perch on electric wires and are frequent victims of electrocution. - Their habit of swooping to pick up dead rodents or other roadkill leads to collisions with vehicles. - Instances of mass poisoning as a result of feeding on poisoned pests in agricultural fields.

Conservation Measures Direct and indirect approach is required to provide effective conservation, which is recommended as under: - Increasing the tree cover in the study area which will provide shelter and roosting to theShikra. This can be achieved by planting of trees (a group of trees that grow close together, generally without many bushes or other plants) in buffer area. By encouraging people for plantation of some local species such as Neem, Shirish, Khakhro, Haldu, Amli, Banyan, Peepal and Peeper or other Ficus sp. Vacant places such as edges of agricultural fields, village Gauchar, Panchayat’s common land, neighbourhood of people inhibiting, road side avenue tree plantation, open scrubs, ravines, school compounds can be selected for practicing the plantation activity. - Awareness programmes (community and school level) for conservation of Bird of Preys in the study area as well as negative effects of Chemical pesticide and how it is harmful to the food chain of such species is very essential and the same can be achieved through organizing competitions during “Wildlife Week” celebrations by active involvement of local community. - Some provision of rewards to informers for the control of poaching and illegal trade in wildlife. - Carrying out census and research projects to know the potential threats and population status of the species in collaboration of local schools, colleges, panchayats and forest department. - Suggest strategies to minimize negative impacts of changing environment in nearby area of Shikra populations and to promote conservation of habitats. - Another way to help preserve the endangered species is to create society dedicated to ecological ethics. All the conservation measures will be implemented with the help of and in the consultation of the district forest department. - With the objective of effectively protecting the wild life and to control poaching, smuggling and illegal trade in wildlife and its derivatives, the Government of India enacted Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972. The Act was amended in January 2003 and punishment and penalty for offences under the Act have been made more stringent. -

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 133 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT - Indian Peafowl ( Pavo cristatus )

Classification Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Chordata Class : Aves Order : Galliformes Family : Phasianidae Genus : Pavo Species : Pavo cristatus Common Name : Indian Peafowl Vernacular Name : Mor

General Description of the species

Peacock or Indian peafowl ( Pavo cristatus ) is a familiar and universally known large pheasant. It is the National Bird of India . The term“Peacock” is commonly used to refer to birds of both sexes. Technically, only males are Peacock, females are Peahens and together they are called Peafowl.The male has a spectacular glossy green long tail feathers that may be more than 60 percent of the bird’s total body length. These feathers have blue, golden green and copper colored ocelli (eyes). The long tail feathers are used for mating rituals like courtship displays. The feathers are arched into a magnificent fan shaped form across the back of the bird and almost touching the found on both sides. Females do not have these graceful tail feathers. They have the fan like crest with whitish face and throat, chestnut brown crown and hind neck, metallic green upper breast and mantle, white belly and brownback rump and tail. Their primaries are dark brown.

Life Cycle of the species

Call : Kee-ow, Kee- ow, Kee-ow, Ka- an, Ka- an, Ka- an, Kok- kok, Kok- kok, cain- kok Breeding : April – September Nest site : On ground in undergrowth (wild) on buildings by semi- feral birds in villages, they also prefer Old Houses, Kachcha Houses Average Body length : 180-230 cm Average Weight : 2750-6000 gm Habitat : Agricultural fields, Rural Settlements, Ravines, Tall trees for Roosting, Open Scrubs

Behaviour of the Species Peacocks are gregarious by nature. In the breeding season they are usually seen in small parties of one male with three to five females whereas in the non-breeding season they remain in separate parties of adult males and females with juveniles. Peacocks roost in tall trees and emerge from the dense thickets to feed in fields and openings in forests and fields.

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 134 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Food Habits

Peacocks are ground feeders and omnivores in nature. Indian peafowl’s do most of their foraging early in the morning and shortly before sunset. They retreat to the shade and security of the trees for the hottest portion of the day. They make a meal of grains, berries drupes wild figs and some cultivated crops. They can also eat insects, reptiles especially snakes and small mammals. Present study area have open agriculture fields surrounded with rural settlements where peafowl can easily find the seeds such as grains, pulses etc. as well as plant parts, flower petals, seed heads, insects and other arthropods, reptiles and amphibians very easily and due to this easy availability of food they inhibits in the region and also reproduces easily.

Conservation and Its relationship with Humans

Indian peafowl is a very common and popular throughout the region due to its beautiful appearance so as its popularity and so Indian peafowl has ensured its protection through most of its native ranges. Having an importance as National Bird this species is well conserved throughout the region. The Indian peafowl is prominent in the Indian mythology and folklore of the Indian people. The majority of the people inhibiting are belongs to Hindu religion in which the bird is considered sacred because of its association with Lord Krishna as their identical feature of appearance was from Peacock feather Crown (Mor Mokut). It is also associated with the God Kartikeya, Son of the Lord Shiva and Parvati and brother of Lord Ganesh who was having Indian Peafowl as his own vehicle (Vahan).

Present survey of the peafowl in the buffer zone of the project site cleared that; peafowl is using both, village adjacent habitats, agricultural habitats, scrub-forest habitats of the buffer zone as well as the study area. However, the following points can give an insight on the overall status of peafowl in the study area and thereby plan for better management strategies related to proposed project activities. People of the surveyed villages were well aware of the habits and habitats of peafowl in the study area. Moreover, local people are against to hunting and poaching of the peacocks. In the buffer zone, peafowl uses agriculture (adjacent to village) and scrubland-forest habitats as a feeding and breeding ground. Some of the peacocks are taking shelter in the inside of the

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 135 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT village as well as adjacent habitats. It clearly indicated that, peafowl normally uses human associated and natural habitats. Form above study, it has been visualized that, the proposed project will not have any significant impact on peacock in terms of their normal movements and other activities as the species is familiar among the people in the region and the status of it is increasing eventually. However, it is necessity to take some management optionslike habitat improvement in the villages located in the vicinity of the project site. So, habitat improvement programme (plantation of local plant species) will be undertaken indifferent villages located in the close vicinity of the project area. Under this programme saplings will be distributed in the nearby villages with the consultation of the local forest department. This program will provide trees for shelter to the species in near future which will contribute for effective species conservation.

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 136 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Probable Threats to the species - Habitat loss, due to rapid growth of development in rural as well as agricultural sector results in the shortage of tall trees in and around the villages which plays essential role for roosting for the species. They also plays vital role by providing shelter during hot summer months. - Shortage of drinking water for the birds during the hot summer days. As there are very few perennial water resources present in the study area. - Casualties’ causes by eating chemically treated as well as contaminated agricultural crop seeds. - Illegal hunting by some communities In the study area, all the villages surveyed are against hunting or poaching of the people and not found any such activity promoted in this region. - Peacock conservation plan has to address above listed threats.

Conservation Measures Direct and indirect approach is required to provide effective conservation, which is recommended as under: 1. Increasing the tree cover in the study area which will provide shelter and roosting to the peacocks. This can be achieved by planting of trees (a group of trees that grow close together, generally without many bushes or other plants) in buffer area. By encouraging people for plantation of some local species such as Neem, Shirish, Khakhro, Haldu, Amli, Banyan, Peepal and Peeper or other Ficus sp. Vacant places such as edges of agricultural fields, village Gauchar, Panchayat’s common land, neighbourhood of people inhibiting, road side avenue tree plantation, open scrubs, ravines, school compounds can be selected for practicing the plantation activity. 2. Awareness programmes (community and school level) for conservation of peacocks in the study area and also through organizing competitions during “Wildlife Week” celebrations by active involvement of local community. 3. Some provision of rewards to informers for the control of poaching and illegal trade in wildlife. 4. Carrying out census and research projects to know the potential threats and population status of the species in collaboration of local schools, colleges, panchayats and forest department. 5. Suggest strategies to minimize negative impacts of changing environment in nearby area of peacock populations and to promote conservation of peacock habitats. 6. Another way to help preserve the endangered species is to create society dedicated to ecological ethics. All the conservation measures will be implemented with the help of and in the consultation of the district forest department. 7. With the objective of effectively protecting the wild life and to control poaching, smuggling and illegal trade in wildlife and its derivatives, the Government of India enacted Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972. The Act was amended in January 2003 and punishment and penalty for offences under the Act have been made more stringent. The proponent has proposed a sum of Rs. 202500/-for the “Peacock” conservation plan under the following heads:

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 137 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT S. No Work or Activity Approximate Cost. Rs.

1 Plantation-350 tree plants ( 5 52,500/-(@ 150/-per plant) feet heightas per the plant species-Cost of sapling will be changed per year)

2 Small water tank or tanka –20 in 1,00,000/- number @ 5000/-per tank

3 One awareness programme for 20,000/- “Peacock” conservation

4 3 cash prizes @ 10000 in a year 30,000/- will be awarded to the informer of poachers.

TOTAL 202500/-

Indian Flapshell Turtle ( Lissemys punctata ) Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Reptilia Order: Testudines Suborder: Cryptodira Family: Trionychidae Genus: Lissemys Species: L. punctata Binomial name Lissemys punctata

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 138 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT General Description of the species

The carapace of L. punctata viewed from above is broadly oval in adults, but more circular in young, widest just anterior to hind limbs. The width of the disc is 77-86% of its length, the carapace is moderately arched, shell height is 35.0-40.5% of carapace length, the margin of the carapace is smooth and slightly flared posteriorly, the marginal bones are not united with the pleurals, the plastron is large but mostly cartilaginous, and its length is 88-97% of the carapace length. A pair of large flaps can be closed over the hind limbs and a smaller flap over tail; seven plastral callosities are present, and the head is large, its width is 21-25% of the carapace width. The proboscis is short and stout; the nasal septum has no lateral ridge, the edges of the jaws are smooth, the alveolar surfaces are expanded and granular. The claws are large and heavy; the penis is thick and oval, with deep dorsal cleft and four pointed, soft papillae; the tail is very short in both sexes. The carapace length of L. punctata has been known to range from 240 to 370 mm (9.4 to 14.6 in).

L. punctata lives in the shallow, quiet, often stagnant waters of rivers, streams, marshes, ponds, lakes and irrigation canals, and tanks. Waters with sand or mud bottoms are preferred because of the turtle's tendency to burrow. L. punctata turtle plays an important role to reduce pollution in aquatic ecosystems by feeding on snails, insects, and fragments of dead animals L. punctata is very well adapted, both morphologically and behaviorally, to drought conditions. The turtle uses mainly burrowing and moving from water hole to water hole to avoid desiccation. The femoral flaps that cover the retracted legs help the turtle survive dry conditions. During a time of drought, the turtles enter a time of estivation in an attempt to survive the dry conditions. Although many turtles die during drought conditions, some turtles have been reported to survive up to 160 days.

Food Habits The Indian flapshell turtle is known to be omnivorous. Its diet consists of frogs, fishes, shrimp, snails, aquatic vegetation, plant leaves, flowers, fruits, grasses, and seeds.

Reproduction

Courtship routines

L. punctata becomes reproductively active at age 2 or 3. Courtship and mating behavior is unique. Courtship begins when the male begins stroking the female's carapace with his neck and limbs extended. When receptive, the female faces the male with her neck extended and they begin bobbing their heads vertically three or four times. This behavior is repeated, then mating begins when the female settles to the bottom and is mounted by the male. Near the end of mating, the male releases his grip and rotates to face the opposite direction from her. They remain attached in this position for as long as 15 minutes. During this time, the female may drag the male about. The pair then separates and copulation ends.

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 139 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Nesting

Nesting times of L. punctata occur during many periods in the year depending on habitat and location. Generally starts during the late summer to the monsoon season which is around June to November. Swampy areas with soil and exposure to sunlight are common nesting sites. Eggs are usually laid two or three times per year in clutches of two to 16. These eggs are buried in soil for protection.

Probable Threats to the species - The shell of L. punctata is believed to be of medicinal value in both China and India. The shell is burnt and ground with oil to produce a medicine in China used to treat certain types of skin diseases. In India, the shell is used to make a remedy believed to be a medicine for tuberculosis. - In Bangladesh and India, this is especially evident as the Indian flapshell turtle is larger and has more meat than other turtles in the area. The value of this meat along with the efforts in the conservation of this species has driven the price of meat higher and has led to an increase in the illegal international exploitation and killing of these animals. But in present study area there are no any such evidences observed not people practice such killings for food purpose. - Changes to the turtle's natural habitat by the construction of dams and barrages, cultivation along river banks, and pollution are also major threats to the survival of this turtle Conservation Measures Direct and indirect approach is required to provide effective conservation, which is recommended as under: 1. Awareness programmes (community and school level) for conservation of Reptiles such as Turtles in the study area and also through organizing Presentations, competitions during “Wildlife Week” celebrations by active involvement of local community. 2. Some provision of rewards to informers for the control of poaching and illegal trade in wildlife. 3. Carrying out census and research projects to know the potential threats and population status of the species in collaboration of local schools, colleges, panchayats and forest department. 4. Provision of veterinary care and Rescue for the species when it comes with direct encounter to community inhibiting nearby. 5. Another way to help preserve the endangered species is to create society dedicated to ecological ethics. All the conservation measures will be implemented with the help of and in the consultation of the district forest department. With the objective of effectively protecting the wild life and to control poaching, smuggling and illegal trade in wildlife and its derivatives, the Government of India enacted Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972. The Act was amended in January 2003 and punishment and penalty for offences under the Act have been made more stringent.

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 140 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The proponent has proposed a sum of Rs. 50,000/-for the conservation plan under the following heads S. No Work or Activity Approximate Cost. Rs.

1 One awareness p rogramme for 20,000/- conservation 2 3 cash prizes @ 10000 in a year 30,000/- will be awarded to the informer of poachers. TOTAL 50,000/-

3.12 SOCIO - ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT An assessment of socio - economic environment forms an integral part of an EIA study. Therefore, baseline information for the same was collected during the study period. The baseline socio - economic data collected for the study region, before the proposed expansion project is operational, has been identified for the four major indicators viz. demography, civic amenities, economy and social culture. The baseline status of the above indicators is compiled in forthcoming sections.

A socio-economic study was undertaken in assessing aspects which are dealing with social and cultural conditions, and economic status in the study area. The study provides information such as demographic structure, population dynamics, infrastructure resources, and the status of human health and economic attributes like employment, per-capita income, agriculture, trade, and industrial development in the study area. The study of these characteristic helps in identification, prediction and evaluation of impacts on socio-economic and parameters of human interest due to proposed project developments. The parameters are:  Demographic structure  Infrastructure Facility  Economic Status  Health status  Cultural attributes Awareness and opinion of people about the project and Industries in the area

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 141 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 3.12.1 DEMOGRAPHY The population details (i.e. population distribution and population density) of the District Thiruvallur and the study area within 10 km radius are presented in Table-3.11.

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 142 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT TABLE – 3.11 DEMOGRAPHIC DATA

(1) Total Total Scheduled Scheduled No of Total Population in Popula Populati Castes Tribes Sl. No Name House Populati the age group tion on population population holds on Male 0-6 Person Person Female Person Person

1 Vadathillai 161 598 307 291 52 0 94 2 Mambakkam 495 1911 953 958 192 1019 17 Thamaraikuppa 3 281 1017 493 524 157 0 255 m 4 Senjiagaram 356 1394 651 743 175 377 418 5 Palavakkam 764 3013 1501 1512 324 1214 723 6 Sirunai 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 Sengarai 372 1368 670 698 178 427 123 8 Rallapadi 1030 4104 2067 2037 452 1122 158 9 Ellapuram 113 448 219 229 41 320 0 10 Ariapakkam 394 1596 784 812 135 547 34 11 Athupakkam 254 922 458 464 101 0 0 12 Vannankuppam 350 1390 699 691 160 360 0 Thoddareddykup 13 76 242 120 122 17 25 0 pam 14 Kaiyadai 73 306 161 145 39 248 5 15 Kilakarmanur 166 633 309 324 69 463 0 16 Soolaimani 337 1199 591 608 117 332 6 17 Lachivakkam 652 2481 1218 1263 249 646 104 18 Perandur 683 2502 1265 1237 246 987 45 19 Tharatchi 906 3187 1547 1640 316 1119 218 20 Panapakkam 518 1936 968 968 197 838 79 21 Sennankaranai 535 1821 887 934 170 98 21 22 Tholavedu 302 1099 532 567 110 681 3 23 Kakkavakkam 357 1337 668 669 122 764 0 Paruthimerikupp 24 106 371 177 194 38 0 0 am 25 Thumbakkam 155 553 265 288 66 0 0 26 Thandalam 419 1594 781 813 172 322 30 Chittraiyampakk 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 am 28 Melmaligaipattu 290 1113 560 553 137 905 0 29 Velagapauram 631 2372 1181 1191 239 1012 17 30 Enambakkam 168 629 300 329 84 0 49 31 Kalpattu 580 2050 1016 1034 237 482 8 32 Palavakkam R.F. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 GUMMIDIPOONDI

33 Chedilpakkam 329 1369 671 698 163 724 2 34 Nemalur 1106 4251 2086 2165 416 1724 476 35 495 1863 934 929 173 1160 30 DharkasthuKandi 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 gam 37 Varnasikuppam 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 38 538 2008 987 1021 227 1256 75 39 Siruvada 196 795 393 402 82 524 0 40 Panchalai 417 1505 738 767 161 540 4 41 Vaniamallee 416 1518 755 763 165 672 112 42 Poovalambedu 268 1056 547 509 110 692 0

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 143 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 43 Periapuliyur 195 683 345 338 50 405 0 44 Kollanur 164 525 262 263 52 0 0 45 Thervoy 792 3122 1558 1564 359 2433 4 46 Karadipudur 500 1926 963 963 220 718 28 47 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mukkarambakka 48 869 3488 1768 1720 420 1829 341 m 49 Nelvoy 476 1632 816 816 155 335 0 50 61 231 113 118 23 205 0 Madaharpakkam 51 1109 4250 2082 2168 479 359 377 (CT) SATYAVEDU

52 ChinnaEetivakam 225 813 413 400 85 300 79 Kothamarikuppa 53 694 3230 1316 1914 262 1277 416 m Narasaraju 54 259 977 485 492 95 7 59 Agraharam Dalavai 55 508 2245 1024 1221 214 1164 23 Agraharam 56 Satyavedu 2897 11474 5799 5675 1145 2756 888 VenkatarajuKhan 57 199 766 379 387 95 210 20 driga 58 Madanambedu 1046 4045 1999 2046 407 1248 54 59 Madanamjeri 138 576 294 282 84 254 0 60 Peradam 161 609 278 331 73 63 124 61 Sirunambudur 377 1570 771 799 200 1290 13 62 Kadirvedu 394 1509 764 745 182 861 3 Total 26353 101222 49888 51334 10689 37314 5535

(Source: Census 2011) Table 3.12 Summary of Socio-economic indicators within the study area S.No Particulars Study Area Unit 1 Number of villages and Town in the Study Area 62 Nos. 2 Total Households 26353 Nos. 3 Total Population 101 222 Nos. 4 Children Population (0 -6 Years Old) 10689 Nos. 5 SC Population 37314 Nos. 6 ST Population 5535 Nos. 7 Total Working Population 48417 Nos. 8 Main Workers 39452 Nos. 9 Marginal Workers 8965 Nos. 10 Cultivators 4615 Nos. 11 Agricultural Lab ourers 28367 Nos. 12 Household Industries 1602 Nos. 13 Other Workers 13317 Nos. 14 Literates population 62496 Nos.

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 144 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT TABLE - 3.13 POPULATION DENSITY S.No Social Indicators Thiruvallur District 1 Decadal variation % 35.30 2 Urban population % 65.14 3 Sex ratio 987 4 0-6 age group % 10.88 5 Population density (Persons per square Km ) 1098 6 Scheduled caste population % 22.03 7 Scheduled tribe population % 1.26 8 Literacy rate % 84.03 9 Work Participation rate % 41.26 10 Main Workers % 81.14 11 Marginal Workers % 18.86 12 Cultivators % 4.78 13 Agricultural labourers % 17.59 14 Workers in household industries % 3.79 15 Other workers % 73.84

(Courtesy: Census Dept., GOI)

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 145 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 3.12.2 EDUCATION FACILITIES The district has recorded higher literacy rate (84%) as compared with the State literacy rate of 80.1%.Thiruvallur stands at the sixth place in the case of percentage of literacy. The Literacy rate of the district is 84% in 2011 which is increased from 76.9% in 2001, against to the literacy rate of the state as 80.1%. The literacy of females stood at 78.3% as compared to 89.7% for males. The female literacy rate is considerably increased in the district from 68.4% in 2001 to 78.3% in 2011. It is interesting to note that urban literacy of Thiruvallur district (85%) and the literacy of (85.3%) is apparently equal. The table below shows that rural literacy rate of 2011 among males and females got considerably increased from 2001. TABLE - 3.14 EDUCATION INFRASTRUCTURES IN THIRUVALLUR DISTRICT

Total schools Rural Schools Type of school Government Private Government Private Primary 941 487 815 252 Primary + Upper Primary 289 60 225 35 P + UP+ Secondary + Higher Secondary 33 192 12 55 UP only 2 1 2 0 UP + Secondary + Higher Secondary 100 36 69 13 P + UP + Secondary 22 126 11 53 UP + Secondary 147 18 117 7

(Courtesy: Census Dept., GOI)

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 146 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

3.12.3 EDUCATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE WITHIN STUDY AREA The district has good primary and secondary education infrastructure in urban and rural areas. The people around the study area have well connected to educational infrastructures TABLE - 3.15 LITERACY RATE Total Literates Literates Literates Populati Populati Illiterate Illiterate Illiterate Sl. No Name Population Population on on Persons Male Female Male Female Person Person UTHUKOTTAI

1 Vadathillai 598 299 184 115 299 123 176 2 Mambakkam 1911 1194 690 504 717 263 454 3 Thamaraikuppam 1017 388 214 174 629 279 350 4 Senjiagaram 1394 741 400 341 653 251 402 5 Palavakkam 3013 1958 1065 893 1055 436 619 6 Sirunai 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 Sengarai 1368 811 438 373 557 232 325 8 Rallapadi 4104 2854 1585 1269 1250 482 768 9 Ellapuram 448 299 160 139 149 59 90 10 Ariapakkam 1596 1055 579 476 541 205 336 11 Athupakkam 922 556 338 218 366 120 246 12 Vannankuppam 1390 843 490 353 547 209 338 13 Thoddareddykuppam 242 159 91 68 83 29 54 14 Kaiyadai 306 167 98 69 139 63 76 15 Kilakarmanur 633 399 213 186 234 96 138 16 Soolaimani 1199 822 458 364 377 133 244 17 Lachivakkam 2481 1433 796 637 1048 422 626 18 Perandur 2502 1562 886 676 940 379 561 19 Tharatchi 3187 1840 1016 824 1347 531 816 20 Panapakkam 1936 909 517 392 1027 451 576 21 Sennankaranai 1821 1038 599 439 783 288 495 22 Tholavedu 1099 706 387 319 393 145 248 23 Kakkavakkam 1337 954 519 435 383 149 234 24 Paruthimerikuppam 371 233 125 108 138 52 86 25 Thumbakkam 553 366 207 159 187 58 129 26 Thandalam 1594 1210 632 578 384 149 235 27 Chittraiyampakkam 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 Melmaligaipattu 1113 660 368 292 453 192 261 29 Velagapauram 2372 1359 773 586 1013 408 605 30 Enambakkam 629 376 222 154 253 78 175 31 Kalpattu 2050 1113 657 456 937 359 578 32 Palavakkam R.F. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 GUMMIDIPOONDI

33 Chedilpakkam 1369 739 412 327 630 259 371 34 Nemalur 4251 2568 1393 1175 1683 693 990 35 Budur 1863 1048 595 453 815 339 476 36 DharkasthuKandigam 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 Varnasikuppam 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 38 Kannankottai 2008 1179 630 549 829 357 472

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52 ChinnaEetivakam 813 472 285 187 341 128 213 53 Kothamarikuppam 3230 2159 864 1295 1071 452 619 Narasaraju 54 977 613 349 264 364 136 228 Agraharam 55 Dalavai Agraharam 2245 1600 790 810 645 234 411 56 Satyavedu 11474 8040 4455 3585 3434 1344 2090 VenkatarajuKhandrig 57 766 485 272 213 281 107 174 a 58 Madanambedu 4045 2534 1436 1098 1511 563 948 59 Madanamjeri 576 291 155 136 285 139 146 60 Peradam 609 266 134 132 343 144 199 61 Sirunambudur 1570 903 506 397 667 265 402 62 Kadirvedu 1509 802 447 355 707 317 390 Total 101222 62496 34430 28066 38726 15458 23268

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3.12.4 HEALTH FACILITIES Primary Health Centers (PHCs) and Health Sub-centers (HSCs) are providing the preventive, curative and rehabilitative health care services to the rural people. The district has good number of public health systems accessible and affordable apart from the private health facilities. Table 3.16 provides the health facilities data in all villages falling within the area of interest.

TABLE - 3.16 MEDICAL FACILITIES AVAILABLE IN THIRUVALLUR DISTRICT

Facilities As on 05th November 2019 Total Facility Active Facilities Type Tota Name of Total of l the [(A+B Facilit Public Privat Urba Rura [(A+ Public Privat Urba Rura District ) or y [A] e [B] n [C] l [D] B) or [A] e [B] n [C] l [D] (C+D) (C+D ] )] SC 303 303 0 0 303 303 303 0 0 303 PHC 58 58 0 11 47 54 54 0 11 43 Thiruvallu CHC 16 15 1 1 15 15 14 1 1 14 r SDH 12 12 0 10 2 11 11 0 10 1 DH 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 Total 390 389 1 22 368 384 383 1 22 362

Note: SC – Sub Center; PHC – Primary Health Center; CHC – Community Health Center; SDH – Sub District Hospital; DH – District Hospital.

3.12.4.1 Health facilities within the study area The majority of people visit nearby Hospitals/health services provided by the Government. The area has good public health facilities at easily reachable distances.. Even for any minor ailments they contact medical facilities immediately as it is very accessible. The local transport facilities and the communication facilities are the main reasons to get immediate medical attention. The emergency medical service facility “108” is very familiar and being used by the people in this area. The incidents of institutional delivery are high due to awareness, education, economic development, proximity to health delivery system. The Infant mortality rate and the maternal mortality rate have significantly reduced.

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TABLE - 3.17 HEALTH FACILITIES WITHIN THE STUDY AREA

Sl. No Type Study area 1 Community health centre 0 2 Primary health centre 3 3 Primary health sub-centre 24 4 Maternity and Child Welfare Centre 7 5 TB hospital/Clinic 3 6 Hospital Allopathic 0 7 Hospital Alternative Medicine 1 8 Dispensary 3 9 Veterinary hospital 10 10 Mobile health clinic 0 11 Family Welfare Centre 3 12 Non Government Medical facilities Out Patient 4

(Courtesy: Census Dept., GOI)

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 150 M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT CHAPTER - 4 ______ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS Various sources of pollution with respect to wastewater, the flue gas / process emission, hazardous waste and noise generation along with their qualitative and quantitative analysis as well as measures taken to control them are discussed herein with details. The network method was adopted to identify potential impact, which involves understanding of cause- condition-effect relationship between an activity and environmental parameters.

4.2 PREDICTIONS AND EVALUATION OF IMPACTS An impact can be defined as any change in physical, chemical, biological, cultural and/or socioeconomic environment that can be attributed to activities related to alternatives under study for meeting the project needs. Impact methodology provides an organized approach for prediction and assessing these impacts.

Scientific techniques and methodologies based on mathematical modeling are available for studying impacts of various project activities on environmental parameters.

The nature of the impacts due to said project activities are discussed here in detail. Each parameter identified in the proceeding chapter, is singularly considered for the anticipated impact due to various activities listed. The impact is quantified using numerical scores 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in increasing order of activity. In order to assess the impact accurately, each parameter is discussed in detail covering the following: 1) Project activities likely to generate impact 2) Quantification and prediction of impact

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT TABLE - 4.1 ______CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION STAGE POTENTIAL IMPACTS & MITIGATIVE MEASURES

ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES OF IMPACT MITIGATIVE MEASURE COMPONENTS Water During Construction Phase : Proper management of surface water Environment Construction activity & abstraction runoff shall be made. of water for construction Soak pit will provide to dispose of requirement and sanitation in domestic waste water. housing for workers.

1. Contamination of 1. SIPCOT/Private Tankers are the watercourses by leakage from only source of water during the fuel and materials storage construction phase. areas. 2. Storehouse will be located away 2. Oil and suspended solids in from the water storage area to run-off from vehicles and prevent accidental release or access roads. spillage.

3. Use of heavy machineries and 3. Proper management of rain water vehicles causes compaction of run-off during monsoon and topsoil due to which a change creating bunds to utilize the rain in the surface water drainage water for construction purpose. pattern may occur.

During Operation Phase: 1. Sewage will be treated in mobile STP. 1. Generation of sewage. 2. Industrial effluent will be treated 2. Generation of industrial in ETP then treated effluent will effluent & domestic waste be reused in plant premises. water The sewage generated will be treated in STP of 50KLD and the treated sewage will be used for green belt development. Air Environment During Construction Phase: Barricading the construction area and In the construction phase, minimizing exposed areas to reduce activities like site clearance, site dust generation. leveling, movements of workers Areas generating dust during dry and material, construction of road, weather will be sprayed with water. transportation activities will Appropriate enclosed areas for generate dust, gaseous pollutants storage of construction materials. and particulate matter and affect Facilitating the workers with required the air quality. Personal Protective Equipments. During Operation Phase:

1. Flue gas emission 1. Provide Adequate stack height to

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT control flue gas emission

2. Product gases laden with carbon 2. Process gas emission black particle from manufacturing process are filtered at process bag collector and vapor bag collector for separation of carbon black particles from process gases. Off gases filtered through bag collectors are utilized as fuel in steam boiler and dryer combustor. Fugitive emission Control equipment for fugitive emissions

 Process shall be closed system  Transfer of the material for proposed plant shall be through pipeline  Leak detectors shall be installed near by the source of leakage  Sweeping on roads.  Proper monitoring system shall be established once the operation starts.  Bitumen roads are laid inside the plant premises. Land Environment During Construction Phase: 1. The removed soil will be properly stored for subsequent The activities carried out during reinstatement. the construction phase will involve 2. Reuse of excess excavated a change in the land use from material for road development, vacant industrial land to a built up green belt development and industrial land, which will pose the landscaping. following impacts on the land 3. A well designed closed depository environment. for storage of construction materials to prevent land/soil 1. Compaction of soil and a pollution. change in the soil structure 4. Effective stabilization of altered due to the use of heavy landforms to minimize soil construction vehicles and erosion and the potential for machineries. water pollution (e.g.vegetation). 2. Removal of soil from the site. 5. Reuse of construction wastes such 3. Mixing of the topsoil and as sand, brick, gravel, cement for subsoil. developing internal road and 4. Dispersion of dust. project structures.

During Operation Phase: The various hazardous waste generated from the process will be Generation of Hazardous Waste & stored in a separate hazardous waste

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT solid waste from process storage area and properly disposed as per the Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Trans boundary Movement) Amendment Rules, 2016.

The Solid Wastes generated during construction and operation phases will be segregated to organic and inorganic wastes. The organic wastes will be disposed to Municipal bins and inorganic waste will sell to TNPCB authorized vendors. Noise Environment During Construction Phase: During construction phase, the 1. Selection of equipment’s of high noise will mostly be generated quality. from building activities and 2. Transportation activities will be machineries used for carrying out carried out only during the day construction. Construction and only in case of emergency, activities mainly involve diesel the transportation activities will generators, laying of foundation, be permitted in night time. erection of superstructure, clearing of obstruction and trees if any 3. The vehicles used for construction from the proposed area. Activities activities and transportation of such as construction of labour materials will be provided with camps, onsite office, pneumatic the horn of low noise level as hammers, compressors, concrete recommended by RTO/ concerned mixers, construction material authorities. plants however does not cause 4. Minimization of operation time of significant noise pollution but if the noisy equipment and operation of work continues for longer machineries/equipment that duration, it can affect the health of generate high levels of noise only local people and workers involved during day time. in the project work.

5. Inadequate use of plant and equipment, namely, running on full power when the work does not necessitate it will be avoided.

6. Personal Protective Equipment’s,

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT education and public awareness and exposure control through rotation of work will be provided to the workers engaged in construction activities in the area generating high levels of noise.

7. Development of green belt during construction stage itself.

During Operation Phase: Oiling and lubrication, Earplugs and Project operation Earmuffs will be provided

Infrastructure & Project Development shall be gradual Services Environmental Handling and storage of chemicals On site & Of f-site Disaster Hazards & fuels management plan & Safe practices.

4.3 AIR ENVIRONMENT The dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere is a function of several meteorological parameters viz. temperature, wind speed and direction, mixing depths, inversion level, etc. A number of models have been developed for the prediction of pollutant concentration at any point from an emitting source. The Industrial Source Complex – Short Term (ISCST3) dispersion model is a steady-state Gaussian plume model. It is most widely accepted for its interpretability. It gives reasonably correct values because this obeys the equation of continuity and it also takes care of diffusion, which is a random process. For the present study, this model is used for the prediction of maximum ground level concentration (GLC).

The proposed air emissions at M/s. PCBL (TN) Ltd. are SPM, SO 2, Nox etc. The site specific and monitored details considered for input data for the software “ISC-AERMOD View” by Lakes Environmental, Canada for prediction of impact on air environment are given in Table 4.2. In order to conduct a refined air dispersion modeling using ISCST3 and ISC-PRIME short- term air quality dispersion models, the site specific hourly meteorological data measured at site is pre-processed using the U.S. EPA PCRAMMET and U.S. EPA AERMET programs. Before starting air dispersion modeling with ISC-AERMOD View, a building downwash analysis using BPIP View was done. BPIP View is a graphical user interface designed to speed up the work

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT involved in setting up input data for the U.S. EPA Building Profile Input Program (BPIP) and Building Profile Input Program – Plume Rise Model Enhancements (BPIP-PRIME).

The air pollution caused by the gaseous emissions from a single or small group of stacks is a local phenomenon. Its impacts will occur at a distance ranging from within the immediate vicinity of the stack to several kilometers away from the stack. Maximum ground level concentration will occur within this range. All plumes at more downwind distances from the source by stack emission become so diluted by diffusion in the ambient atmosphere, that concentrations of pollutants become negligible. The maximum ground level concentration for different parameters is given in Table 4.3. Equal concentration contour plots for SPM,

SO 2, NOx etc. are given in Figure 4.1. Adequate measures shall be taken to minimize air pollution by providing air pollution control equipment. Flue gases are discharged from stacks at adequate height (as per CPCB norms).

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT TABLE – 4.2 DETAILS OF EMISSION FROM STACK & VENTS Details of Flue Gas Stacks

Stack Details Emission (g/s) S Fuel Exit Ext Source Capacity No of Height Dia No used Temp Velocity SPM SO2 NOX Stack (m) AGL (m) (°C) (m/s) 1300 KVA 1 30 0.3 220 10 0.016 0.015 0.226 1 DG HSD 1200 KVA 1 30 0.3 220 10 0.015 0.014 0.209 1x 54 TPH Waste 1 90 2.5 205 15.58 4.37 42.66 2.67 2 Boiler 1 x 54 TPH gas 1 90 2.5 205 15.58 4.37 42.66 2.67 1 x 54 TPH based 1 90 2.5 205 15.58 4.37 42.66 2.67 10190 1 60 0.7 205 10.74 0.354 0.475 0.020 Nm3/hr 10190 0.354 1 60 0.7 205 10.74 0.475 0.020 Nm3/hr Process 10190 0.354 Water 1 60 0.7 205 10.74 0.475 0.020 Stack Nm3/hr 3 Vapor & (Vapor Bag 16317 0.567 Flue gas 1 60 0.9 205 10.40 0.825 0.032 Collector) Nm3/hr 10190 0.354 1 60 0.7 205 10.74 0.475 0.020 Nm3/hr 10190 0.354 1 60 0.7 205 10.74 0.475 0.020 Nm3/hr 29694 1 60 1.2 300 12.76 0.687 4.274 0.421 Nm3/hr 29694 0.687 1 60 1.2 300 12.76 4.274 0.421 Nm3/hr Process 29694 0.687 1 60 1.2 300 12.76 4.274 0.421 Stack Nm3/hr 4 Flue gas (Dryer 48899 1.132 1 60 1.5 300 13.45 7.429 0.693 Collector) Nm 3/hr 29694 0.687 1 60 1.2 300 12.76 4.274 0.421 Nm3/hr 29694 0.687 1 60 1.2 300 12.76 4.274 0.421 Nm3/hr Process Stack (Dedusting 13200 5 Air 12 20 0.5 90 11.29 0.25 - - & Rerun Nm3/hr bag Collector) S Type of No. of. Vehicle(Based on maximum operation capacity) PM10 SO2 NOX No. Vehicle 2.8E- 1.1E- 1 Bike 50 2.8E-06 07 02 1.4E- 3.5E- 2 Car/Bus 25 3.5E-04 07 03 Raw 5.6E- 1.9E- 3 Material 2 1.1E-05 09 03 (HSD/LDO) Raw 1.3E- 4.4E- 4 45 2.5E-04 Material 07 02

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Truck (Carbon Black Feed Stock / Dehydrate d Coal Tar / Raw Coal Tar/ Carbon Black Oil/Anthra cite Oil) Product Truck 1.3E- 4.4E- 5 45 2.5E-04 (Carbon 07 02 Black) 160.0 11.46 Total(g/s) 4.630 07 5

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FIGURE - 4.1 ISOPLETHS OF PM

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

FIGURE - 4.1 (CONT.)

ISOPLETHS OF SO 2

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FIGURE - 4.1 (CONT.) ISOPLETHS OF NOx

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

TABLE - 4.3

SUMMARY OF ISCST3 MODEL OUTPUT

SR. LOCATIONS X, Y CONCENTRATION NO. CO-ORDINATES PM SO 2 NOx (g/m 3) (g/m 3) (g/m 3) 1. Project-site (A1) (0,0) 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 2. Village: ( -7604,2188) 0.03851 0.25083 0.02457 Sathyavedu (A2) 3. Village: (-1042, 4167) 0.07751 0.48675 0.04871 Madanamjeri (A3) 4. Village: (-3438, -9375) 0.06476 0.43078 0.04111 Uthukkottai (A4) 5. Village: Nelvoy (3333,-5625) 0.05039 0.30785 0.03191 (A5) 6. Village: (-5104,-1979) 0.03759 0.22901 0.02388 Lachivakkam (A6) 7. Village: Siruvada (3958,1354) 0.43999 2.65795 0.27433 (A7) 8. Village: Thervoy (1354,1563) 0.54876 3.37372 0.34073 (A8)

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 4.3.1 Conclusion Maximum pollutant concentrations of PM10, SO2 and NOx observed due to proposed project for an 24hr-average period have been studied. The predictions were made using CPCB permissible limit as these concentrations will in no case be exceeded. Ground level concentrations calculated for proposed activities are superimposed on existing ambient air quality monitoring results and combined values (Table 4.4) are found within permissible National Ambient Air Quality Standards. TABLE - 4.4 PREDICTED AMBIENT AIR QUALITY Unit: g/m 3

SR. SAMPLING LOCATION SPM SO 2 NOx NO. AVERAGE 1. Project-site (A1) 83.78000 6.55000 13.42000 2. Village: Sathyavedu (A2) 99.27851 7.64083 15.47457 3. Village: Madanamjeri (A3) 91.75751 7.13675 14.78871 4. Village: Uthukkottai (A4) 92.12476 7.53078 16.74111 5. Village: Nelvoy (A5) 83.61039 6.91785 13.89191 6. Village: Lachivakkam (A6) 87.03759 6.80901 14.87388 7. Village: Siruvada (A7) 98.01999 10.76795 17.72433 8. Village: Thervoy (A8) 95.30876 10.24372 15.91073 NAAQS 500 80 80

4.3.2 Mitigation Measures

 Vehicles will be regularly maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations to maximize fuel efficiency and help minimize emissions and also will use fuel that has low sulphur content of 0.1%.  A strict Project speed limit of 30 km /hr will be enforced for vehicles moving within the project boundary.  Water spraying on the roads and adjacent area at regular intervals.  Ambient air quality monitoring will be carried out regularly at selected locations in the predicted maximum impact zone in order to check and compare the predicted concentrations with the measured concentrations.

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT  Greenbelt of adequate width will be developed along the boundary of project area (wherever possible) to minimize the likely impacts due to air pollution.  Boiler stacks are connected with online monitoring system with connecting to SPCB /CPCB.

4.4 NOISE ENVIRONMENT The impacts of the proposed project on the noise levels of the surrounding areas were assessed. All equipments in the plant is designed/operated to have a noise level not exceeding 85 dBA as per the requirement of Occupational Health and Safety Administration Standard (OHSAS). In addition, since most of the noise generating equipment would be in closed structures, the noise transmitted outside would be lower.

4.4.1 Impacts Major sources of noise generation in the unit during operational phase are classified into two categories:  Stationary sources due to operation of heavy duty machinery at the project site like Boilers, Compressors, DG sets, Pumps etc.  Mobile sources corresponding to mainly vehicular traffic for staff mobilization, materials, material transportation, liquid fuel transportation to project site, etc. The impact of vibrations beyond the site would be negligible during normal operation phase. However, the impacts on workers engaged in the plant area would be considerable due to occupational exposure. The fixed major equipment/units such as boiler house, compressors, pumps, DG sets etc., also generate vibrations during operational phase and may cause exposures to the workers/operators engaged at these units.

4.4.2 Mitigation Measures

 The major noise generating equipment like Compressors, DG sets, Boiler Feed water pumps etc. will be enclosed in an acoustic enclosure designed for an insertion loss of 25 dB (A) and silencers to other equipment etc.  Major noise generating equipment will be designed with 85 dB (A) ensuring cumulative noise at 1.0 m remains at 85 dB (A).

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT  The occupational noise exposure to the workers in the form of eight hourly times weighted average will be maintained well within the prescribed Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standard limits.  Acoustic silencers will be provided in equipment wherever necessary.  Acoustic design with sound proof glass panelling will be provided for critical operator cabins / control rooms of individual modules as well as central control facilities.  Use of personal protective equipments/devices such as ear-muffs, ear plugs etc. will be strictly enforced for the workers engaged in high noise areas.  33.47% greenbelt will be developed along the periphery and at various locations within the industry.  Ambient noise levels will be monitored at regular intervals during operational phase of the project. Workplace monitoring will also be carried out at regular intervals to ensure that noise levels are well within the standards prescribed by the Factories Act.

4.5 WATER ENVIRONMENT Construction Phase : Water requirement will be 50 KLD from Private tanker/SIPCOT. Operation Phase : The total water requirement for proposed manufacturing unit is 3583 KLD. Fresh water requirement is 2785 KLD ( In ToR application- 3731 KLD ) will be sourced from SIPCOT and total recycle water will be 798 KLD.

4.5.1 Impact due to Waste Water Generation

The source of wastewater generation from the project is as follows:

 Industrial effluent  cooling water blow down  Sewage  Equipment cleaning and floor washings, etc.

The untreated wastewater if discharged into nearby surface water may affect the surface water and/or if disposed off on land without treatment may pollute the ground and surface water.

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

4.5.2 Mitigation Measures

Various mitigation measures are proposed to minimize the impact on the water environment due to the wastewater/runoff generation during the operation phase of the project.

 Treatment of sewage and effluent to ensure Zero Liquid Discharge and reusing treated effluent for utilities and treated sewage for gren belt development.  Institutional arrangement for monitoring of treated sewageand treated effluent quality.

4.5.3 Sewage Treatment

The domestic Sewage generate of approximately 42 KLD will be treated in BA model of Daiki Sewage Treatment Plant with capacity of 50 KLD. The characteristics of raw and treated sewage water are given in Table 4-5. Table 4-5 Characteristics of raw and treated sewage water S. No. Parameter STP Inlet STP Outlet 1 pH 6.5-7.5 5.5-9.0 2 BOD 250-300 mg/L <20 mg/L 3 COD 680-750 mg/L <100 mg/L 4 TDS 750-900 mg/L <30 mg/L

Process Description of STP The schematic diagram of process flow in STP is given in Figure 4-2.

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Figure 4-2 Process Flow Diagrams of STP

4.5.4 Effluent Treatment Process Effluent: Effluent generation will be treated through ETP (180 KLD) followed by Oil skimmer, clarifier and Filter. Treated effluent will send to secondary treatment followed by UF, RO and MEE / ATFD. Permeate will be reused within the system. Utility Effluent: Effluent will send to secondary treatment followed by UF, RO and MEE / ATFD. RO Permeate will be send to WTP for reused within the system. Salt from MEE/ATFD will be disposed through TSDF. Thus Zero liquid discharge will be accomplished. The characteristics of raw and treated effluent are given in Table 4-6. The schematic diagram of process flow in STP is given in Figure 4-3.

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

Table 4-6 Characteristics of raw and treated Effluent water S.No. Parameter Unit ETP Inlet ETP Outlet UF Outlet RO Outlet 1 pH -- 6.0 – 9.0 7.0 – 9.0 7.0 – 9.0 7.0 – 9.0 2 COD Mg/l 400 - 500 < 100 < 50 < 30 3 BOD Mg/l 10 - 20 < 10 -- -- 4 TDS Mg/l 1000-1500 1200-1800 3500-4000 500 5 TSS Mg/l 800 -1000 30 < 2 Nil 6 O&G Mg/l 50 -100 < 20 Nil Nil

Treated Effluent from Secondary treatment RO will be sent to WTP followed by RO and EDI Unit. RO and EDI permeate will be reused within the system. The characteristics of inlet and outlet from WTP are given in Table 4-7.

Table Error! No text of specified style in document. -7 Characteristics of inlet and outlet from water treatment plant S.No. Parameter Units UF Inlet UF Outlet RO Outlet EDI Outlet 1 pH 6.5 - 8.5 6.5-8.5 7.0 – 9.0 7.0 – 9.0 2 TDS Mg/l 800 -900 1000-1200 200 < 1 3 BOD Mg/l 5 < 5 - - 4 COD Mg/l 20 < 20 < 5 <5 5 TSS Mg/l 25 < 2 Nil Nil

Figure: 4.3 Flow Diagram of ETP:

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

4.6 HAZARDOUS WASTE DETAILS

The source of waste are metal pieces, cardboards, wooden scrap, sand, gravels etc., generation of chemical waste by general site practices (e.g. vehicle and plant maintenance/servicing), municipal waste generated by site workers.

4.6.1 Mitigation measures 1. Recycling/reusing/recovering materials where possible and thereby reducing the disposal requirements. 2. Separation of construction material for reuse- either to be used on onsite filling or can be used as public fill. 3. Training the staff in waste minimizing practices. 4. Chemical waste should be stored in separate area having impermeable lining, so as to avoid leaching of harmful chemicals in the soil or nearby water bodies (If any).

4.6.2 Solid waste management Impacts During operation phase the type of solid wastes generated can be broadly categorized as Hazardous Waste and Municipal Solid Waste. Further, the generated Municipal Solid Waste generation includes biodegradable, recyclable and inert compounds. If the solid waste generated is not properly managed and disposed in unauthorised manner, it will impact on soil quality; groundwater and air quality.

Solid waste Management Strict guidelines will be put in place in order to manage the solid waste generation during the operational phase of the development. The main goals of the guidelines will be to ensure adopting recycling techniques and encouraging sorting of solid waste at source into organic and inorganic wastes.

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Solid Waste Management Concept

4.6.3 Hazardous waste Management  Used or Spent Oil @ 6.0 MT/Annum which shall be Collected, Stored, Transported & Disposed by sale to TNPCB authorized Recyclers or reuse in process.  Discarded Drums & containers @ 12 MT/Annum & Discarded liners, waste Paper bags, waste plastic bags& cardboards @ 6 MTPM which shall be Collected, Stored, decontaminated, recycled/Reused & transported back to the supplier for reuse or sold to TNPCB authorized vendor.  ETP Sludge, @ 175 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling or can also be sent to cement plants  WTP Sludge & MEE Sludge @ 3990 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.  Used filter cloth @ 2 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored, Transported & Disposed by sale to TNPCB authorized Recyclers.  Used Oily cotton waste/weather hand gloves/cotton hand gloves@ 2 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.  Discarded filter medium (bag filter) @ 12 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.  Ceramic wool/waste insulation material @ 12 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT  Spent Ion exchange Resins @ 1 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.  Oily Sludge Emulsion @ 15 MT /Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.  Used Batteries @ 0.1MT/annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.  Spent Acid Batteries @ 0.024 MT/annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.

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4.6.4 Discharges on land impact

The sewage generated will be treated in STP of 50 KLD and the treated sewage will be used for green belt development. Solid waste will be disposed through authorized vendors. Hence there will be no discharge on land premises.

Mitigation measures

1. Periodic maintenance and check of wastewater conveyance pipelines 2. Attempt to restore by replacing a part or putting together the torn or broken parts of the conveyance pipeline in case of any leakage is detected. 3. Necessary preventive measures for spillage from pipelines, such as surface RCC channels along the pipelines are adopted. 4. Lining of effluent collection tank/ETP common guard pond. 5. Treated wastewater quality will be ensured as per standards before using it for various requirements. 6. There will be institutional arrangement to check the efficiency of Zero Liquid Discharge.

4.6.5 Soil Contamination Impacts

Soil contamination takes place due to movement of vehicles and solid waste generated.

Soil – mitigation measures

Good housekeeping and best practices of waste handling shall be adopted to eliminate/minimize the risks of soil contamination. Hazardous waste generated due to the proposed activity is sludge from waste-water treatment plant and wastes like oil and grease from machinery which will be disposed off after proper treatment as per hazardous waste (management and handling) Amendment rule 2000. The wastes generated will be stored in temporary storage facility and will be sending to TNPCB Authorized vendor for safe disposal.

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 4.7 Impact of Traffic and Transportation

Project site is located near to the SIPCOT road connected to SH- 51 (Korthalaiyar Bridge – Palavakkam –Puthur Road). The Google image of road connectivity for the project site is given in Figure 4-5. The vehicular movement for the proposed project is given in Table 4-8.

Figure 4-4 Google image of road connectivity to the project site

Table 4-8 Existing & Proposed Vehicular movement per hour (SH- 51 (Korthalaiyar Bridge –Palavakkam –Puthur Road)) Total Total Existin Propos vehicles PCU PCU Existi S. Type of g ed Propos after Factors after ng No Vehicle vehicle vehicle ed PCU project IRC (SP project PCU s s implemen 41) impleme tation ntation Motor Cycles 1. or Scooters 156 117.0 56 42.0 212 0.75 159.0 etc. Three Wheelers/ 2. 36 72.0 0 0 36 2.0 72.0 Auto Rickshaw Four 3. Wheelers/ 97 97.0 27 27.0 124 1.0 124.0 Cars 4. Truck/Bus 74 273.8 21 77.7 95 3.7 351.5

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Total Total Existin Propos vehicles PCU PCU Existi S. Type of g ed Propos after Factors after ng No Vehicle vehicle vehicle ed PCU project IRC (SP project PCU s s implemen 41) impleme tation ntation Agricultural 5. 16 64.0 0 0 16 4.0 64.0 Tractor Light 6. Commercial 14 19.6 4 5.6 18 1.4 25.2 Vehicle Total 393 643.4 108 152.3 501 -- 795.7

Based on the traffic for the proposed project, the expected LOS due to the project is given in Table 4-9. Table 4-9 Traffic Volume after Implementation of the Project Volume Volume Capacity V/C LOS Traffic For the Road of Traffic (V) (C) Ratio Category* Classification Stable Traffic Existing 393 643.4 1500 0.43 “B” Flow After Stable Traffic “B” implementation 501 795.7 1500 0.53 Flow

*LOS categories are A-Free Flow, B- Reasonably Free Flow, C-Stable Flow, D-Approaching unstable flow, E- Unstable flow, F- Forced or breakdown flow. Due to proposed project there will be slight increment in the vehicle movement but the level of service (LOS) anticipated will be free flow.

4.8 Ecology Air emissions, liquid effluent disposal and solid waste generation are likely to have some impact on terrestrial ecosystem. However, there will be no net increase in air pollution. Plant will maintain a ZLD system and the solid wastes will be collected and disposed off properly. Hence, negligible impact on ecology is expected.

Proposed plot will have greenbelt of 81315.00Sq.m (33.47 %) of total land area (242892.53Sq.m). Greenbelt will be developed along the periphery and at various locations within the industry thereby negating impacts of noise and gaseous emissions.

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4.9 Socio-Economic Environment Various modes of indirect employment i.e. increased business opportunities will reflect in the improved quality of life of the people in the study area. Thus, it can be said that the proposed project will have significant beneficial impact on the socio economic scenario in the study area.

4.10 MATRIX REPRESENTATION The parameters discussed are presented in the form of a matrix in Table 4.10. The impact matrix relating the parameters to the activities during operation phase and construction phase is presented in Table 4.1. The quantification of impact is done using numerical scores 0 to 5 as per the following criteria. Score Severity criteria 0 No impact 1 No damage 2 Slight/ Short-term effect 3 Occasional reversible effect 4 Irreversible/ Long-term effect 5 Permanent damage The scores for various parameters and activities are presented in Table 4.11.

4.10.1 CUMULATIVE IMPACT CHART The total negative impact of various activities on any one parameter is represented as a cumulative score and the cumulative scores of various parameters are given in the form of a cumulative impact chart presented in Table 4.12. Any particular parameter having an individual score greater than 5 or cumulative score of 20 implies serious effects due to the project and calls for suitable mitigation measures. It is evident from the matrices that the resultant impact is beneficial to the local population and due to export (and import substitution) the resultant impact is beneficial to our country.

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT TABLE - 4.10 ______IMPACT IDENTIFICATION MATRIX (CONSTRUCTION PHASE)

ACTIVITIES Air Noise Water Land Infra- Services Environ Terrestrial Socio- Aquatic DURING Quality & Quality Quality structure -mental Ecology Economic Ecology CONSTRUCTION Odour Hazards Land use Status PHASE Water  x  Requirement Material Storage       / Transport Utilities     Effluent  X    Discharge Gaseous     Emissions Fugitive Emissions  X  Solid Waste  x   Disposal Spills & Leaks   Shutdown /     Startup Equipment  x Failures Transport    

TABLE - 4.10 (CONTD.) ______IMPACT IDENTIFICATION MATRIX (OPERATION PHASE)

ACTIVITIES Air Noise Water Land Infra- Services Environ Terrestrial Socio- Aquatic DURING Quality & Quality Quality structure -mental Ecology Economic Ecology CONSTRUCTION Odour Hazards Land use Status PHASE Water x   x  Requirement Material Storage        / Transport Utilities        Effluent     Discharge Gaseous      Emissions Fugitive Emissions  X X  Solid Waste X  x   Disposal Spills & Leaks X    Shutdown / X X X X    X Startup Equipment X 0 X  x X Failures Transport    

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT TABLE - 4.11 ______ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MATRIX

Activities Environmental Parameter Air Noise & Water Land Infrastru Servi Environ Terrestrial Socio Aquatic Quality Odour Quality Environ cture ces mental Ecology/ economic Ecology ment Hazard Land use Status Water -1 0 -2 -1 -2 2 0 0 0 0 Requirement Material Storage / -2 -1 0 0 1 2 -1 0 2 0 Transport Utilities -2 -2 -1 -1 -2 2 0 0 2 0 Effluent 0 0 -2 0 -2 2 -1 0 1 0 Discharge Gaseous -2 -1 0 0 -1 2 -1 0 0 0 Emissions Fugitive Emissions -2 0 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Solid Waste 0 0 -1 -2 -2 2 -1 0 2 0 Disposal Spills & Leaks -1 0 -2 -1 0 0 -1 0 0 0 Shutdown / -2 -1 -1 -1 -1 2 0 0 2 0 Startup Equipment -1 -1 0 -1 -1 0 0 0 2 0 Failures Transport -1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 Cumulative -14 -6 -10 -8 -9 15 -5 0 12 0 score

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT TABLE - 4.12 ______CUMULATIVE IMPACT CHART

ENVIRONMENTAL TOTAL CUMULATIVE PARAMETER SCORE Air Quality -14 Noise and Odour -6 Water Quality -10 Land Requirement -8 Infrastructure -9 Service 15 Environmental Hazards -5 Terrestrial Ecology / Land use 0 Socio Economic Status 12 Aquatic Ecology 0

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4.11 CONCLUSION

During the environmental assessment study, all possible environmental aspects have been adequately addressed and necessary control measures have been suggested to meet as per Norms. Environmental monitoring is a successful tool for the management for implementation of adequate & effective environmental measures. It is concluded from the EIA study, that there will be negligible impact in buffer zone due to operational Carbon Black plant. There will be marginal impact in the buffer zone during operation phase. Workers from nearby villages shall be given priority for employment as per their skills. The proposed project will contribute to economic growth in indirect way. Considering the above overwhelming positive impact on the community, there shall be overall development of the area. PCBL (TN) Ltd. provides a complete portfolio of products to meet the specific end requirements across Rubber, Plastics, Coatings, Inks and other niche industries globally. The Company has been continuously reinventing itself in order to make the best in class products. Additionally, PCBL's after sales service and strong technical support ensures a fiercely loyal base of customers from around the world. PCBL has etched its global footprints and has a market presence in more than 30 nations with decanting stations, warehouses located near customer locations. A few of the Company's prized customers are CEAT, MRF, Michelin, Yokohama, Birla Tyres, Goodyear, Sumitomo Tires, Bridgestone, Kumho Tires, etc.

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CHAPTER - 5 ______ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY & SITE)

5.1 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY)

Manufacturing of carbon black mainly involve various unit operations like heating, cooling and drying. Off gases generated in the manufacturing process of carbon black are utilized as fuel in the steam boiler to generate high pressure steam and also utilized for power generation. The research and development activities of PCBL are supported by a pool of experienced and qualified product and process scientists and engineers along with comprehensive infrastructure and equipment facilities for feedstock development, new carbon black development and to assist in evaluation of colloidal properties, morphological characteristics, elemental and microscopic analysis of carbon blacks; physico-chemical, rheological, thermal, mechanical, dynamic mechanical properties, colour performances of rubber compounds, plastics compounds, inks and coating.

Oil furnace process is used in this project to manufacturing Carbon Black. In this process:-  The oil furnace process, based on the partial combustion of liquid aromatic residual hydrocarbons, was first introduced in the U.S. at the end of World War II. It rapidly displaced the then dominant channel (impingement) and gas-furnace processes because it gave improved yields & better product qualities.  It was also independent of the geographical source of raw materials, a limitation on the channel process and other processes dependent on natural gas, making possible the worldwide location of manufacturing closer to the tyre customers.  Environmentally it favored elimination of particulate air pollution and was more versatile than all other competing processes.

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 The main equipments are the Process Air Blowers, Air Preheaters, Oil Preheaters, Reactors, Waste Heat Recovery Boilers, Quench Tower, Agglomerators, Bag Filters, Pelletizer, Pin Mixers, Pulverizer, Rotary Dryer, Elevators, CO Boiler & Power Plant.  The basic process consists of atomizing the feedstock into the combustion zone of the reactor where the combustion of natural gas/carbon black feedstock oil (CBFS) takes place with excess oxygen in the primary combustion stream & the desired temperature of about 1850 - 1950 degree centigrade is achieved. . A second stream of CBFS is fed to the reactor which is converted to carbon primary black. In some reactors a number of feedstock streams are atomized radially into high velocity combustion gases.  The reaction products must be quenched rapidly with water sprays to lower the temperature to prevent loss of the carbon black product through reaction with water, products of the combustion reactions. The hot, carbon black and gas from the reactors enters the air preheater where thermal energy is transferred to preheat the primary combustion air.  From the Air Preheater the carbon black along with gas generated in the reactor enters the Oil preheater where the thermal energy is transferred to preheat the feedstock before it enters the reactor. After the Oil Preheater the carbon black along with gas enters the Waste heat recovery Boiler where the thermal energy is utilized for steam generation; which is used in the process for heating purposes.  Finally after sufficient thermal energy transfer, the carbon black along with gas temperature is lowered in the quench tower; if required. Subsequently the carbon black along with gas enters the Bag Filters which separates the carbon black product from the tail gases.  Since the tail gases are composed mainly of water, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, & hydrogen, they have low calorific heating value and is used as a fuel to operate a boiler that generates steam used for power generation and also used for heating the carbon black pellet in dryers.

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 Unused tail gas is effectively used to produce power to meet Carbon Black plant demand & balance is exported to grid. The above process being a highly efficient and widely tasted one, and the waste gas energy generation being self developed process of PCBL (TN) Limited, no other alternatives is necessary for the project.

5.2 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (SITE) Proposed project site is located in Plot No. A-7 Survey No: 32/2Pt Thervoy Kandigai SIPCOT Industrial Park, Thervoy Kandigai village, Gummidipoondi Taluk, Thiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu -601202. Table 5.1 Alternative Site analysis: State District Locations Reason for project location abandonment Andhra Naidupeta 1. Nearest road connectivity not in good condition for Nellore Pradesh Industrial park smooth movement of Finished goods & raw material containers. Andhra Attivaram 2. Site located far from Major tyre customers units Nellore Pradesh Industrial park located in Southern part of India and therefore increase in Finished goods logistics cost. 1. Long distance between plant and nearest seaport for Miryalaguda Telangana Nalgonda transportation of Raw material and Finished goods and Industrial park therefore increase in logistics cost. 2. Site located far from Major tyre customers units located in Southern part of India and therefore increase Suryapet in Finished goods logistics cost Telangana Suryapet Industrial park 3. Basic Infrastructure ( Road connectivity , water supply , Electricity supply ) not available, unreadiness for new Carbon Black plant setup Based on the above comparison, SIPCOT Thervoykandigai site (Tamil Nadu) was selected based on the following benefits: 1. Site is ~ 37.11 km (E) away from Kattupalli Port since 95% of raw materials will be imported and 60% of product will be exported by sea. It is very important to locate near the port. 2. Site is located very near to major tyres industries (Michellin tyre is located next to the site and other major Tyres companies like Apollo, JK, bridgestone etc).

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3. Site is well connected by road (~5.06 km, S), railways (~15.73 Km, ENE) and Airway (~43.13 km, SSE). 4. Adequate land is available within the SIPCOT. 5. 100% assurance of water supply by SIPCOT

The project site is located at SIPCOT Industrial Park , ThervoykandigaiVillage, Gummidipoondi Taluk, Thiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu and the connectivity is given in Table 5-2.

Table Error! No text of specified style in document. -2 Connectivity to the site NH 16(Kharagpur–Gummidipoondi- Chennai) ~ 15.10 km ( Nearest Highway ENE) SH 51 (Korthalaiyar bridge-Palavakkam-puthur Road) ~5.06 km Nearest State Highway (S) Nearest Railway Gummidipoondi Railway station ~15.73 km (ENE) Station Nearest Airport Chennai International Airport~ 43.13 km (SSE) Ennore Kamarajar Port ~ 38.45 km (ESE) Nearest Port (by Kattupalli Adani Port ~ 37.11 km (E) road) Chennai Port ≃43.75 km (SE) Nearest Habitation Gopalareddikandigai ~0.92 km (NW)

Connectivity to the project site and availability of all the required infrastructures, in the SIPCOT industrial area and the location being an industrial area are the major advantages for the project.

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CHAPTER - 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

6.1 PROJECT ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN M/s. PCBL (TN) Ltd. shall adopt comprehensive environmental monitoring plan which is essential to take into account the changes in the environment. The objective of monitoring is:  To verify the result of the impact assessment study in particular with regards to new developments.  To follow the trend of parameters which have been identified as critical  To check or assess the efficiency of controlling measures  To ensure that new parameters, other than those identified in the impact assessment study, do not become critical through the commissioning of new project.

To monitor effectiveness of Control Measures:  Monitor daily, Assess effectiveness of the Control Measures being implemented, Explore the need to modify or add new Control Measures particularly if a violation is observed & Report weekly.  Regular monitoring of environmental parameters will be made to find out any deterioration in environmental quality.  Monitoring of the proposed project area will be regularly conducted. The attributes, which merit regular monitoring, are specified underneath.

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6.2 OBJECTIVES  Ensure day to day operational activities are conducted in a manner in compliance with the applicable regulatory approvals including legislation and industry standards.  Evaluate the adequacy of mitigation and pollution control measures implemented for reducing the adverse impacts caused during the construction and operation stage and suggest additional mitigation measures, if appropriate, in the light of the results.  Define a detailed framework to monitor and document for achieving full compliance with statutory requirements.  Encourage good environmental management practices through planning, commitment and continuous improvement.  Develop clearly defined environmental monitoring program designed to assess the nature and extent of environmental impacts of the proposed operations and progressively refine such programs against the targets.  Define roles and responsibilities of site personnel and ensure that all people onsite are fully informed of their responsibilities and accountabilities with regard to the environment.  To comply with all regulations stipulated by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)/ State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) related to air emission and liquid effluent discharge as per air and water pollution control act/ laws.  To handle hazardous wastes as per the Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules 1989and Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016 and subsequent amendments.  Review, improve and update environmental management procedures and standards.  Establish response procedures for actual/potential environmental impacts including community complaints and ensure corrective action is taken.  Perspective budgeting and allocation of funds for environmental management expenditure, Continuous development and search for innovative technologies for a cleaner and better environment.

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6.3 DOCUMETATION & RECORDS The environmental department in respect of operation of pollution control facility is being/will maintain following records:  Instruction manual for operation and maintenance of pollution control equipments.  Log sheet for self-monitoring of pollution control equipments.  Manual for monitoring of Air, water for ambient conditions.  Instruction manual for monitoring of water, solid and gaseous parameter discharged from the factory and also for various parameters of pollution control facilities.  Stationary records as per the Environmental Acts.  Monthly and annual progress reports.  Regularly these documents & records shall be reviewed for necessary improvement of the monitoring plan/mitigation measures/environmental technologies as well as for necessary actions of Environmental Management Cell.

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6.4 POST PROJECT MONITORING PLAN Environment monitoring plan for proposed plant has described in Table-6.1 along with Environment Components, parameter, standards to be followed, location and frequency.

COMPONENTS OF POST-PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

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6.4.1 Environmental Monitoring Program It is imperative that the Project Authorities set up regular monitoring stations to assess the quality of environment during construction phase and after commissioning of the project. An environmental monitoring programme is important as it provides useful information and helps to:

 Verify the predictions on environmental impacts presented in this study assist in detecting the development of any unwanted environmental situation, and thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures, and identify the effectiveness of mitigative measures suggested in the EMP. Environmental Monitoring Program – Operation Phase After commissioning of the project, post project monitoring of environmental parameters will be carried out at regular intervals. The monitoring programme in different areas of the environment has been based on the findings of the impact assessment studies. The post project monitoring programme including areas, number and location of monitoring stations, frequency of sampling and parameters to be covered is summarized in Table 6-1.

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TABLE - 6.1

PROJECT ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN

S. Area of Number of Sampling Frequency of Parameters to be Analyzed No Monitoring Stations Sampling Wind speed and direction, Micro Hourly and Temperature, Relative 1. One Meteorology Daily basis. Humidity, Atmospheric pressure, Rainfall. 2 Stations (one in up Twice a All the 12 parameters as per Ambient Air 2. wind and one in week:24 NAAQ Standards, VOC and Quality down wind) hourly period Hydrocarbons 2 (one within plant Ambient Equivalent premises and one continuous Sound Pressure 3. Noise Once a month outside plant Levels (Leq) at day and Night premises) time. One surface and All the parameters as per IS 4. Water ground water sample Once a month 10500:2012 near the site 2 (one within plant premises and one Once in six Physicochemical properties, 5. Soil outside plant months Nutrients and Heavy metals premises) Effluent inlet and pH, Temp, Conductivity, Oil Weekly Liquid outlet and Grease,TSS, TDS, BOD.. 6. Effluents STP inlet and outlet Monthly pH, TSS, BOD & COD Exhaust from 7. Stack of DG set Monthly PM, SO , NO & CO DG set 2 x Periodic Vehicular 8. Parking area monitoring of Air emission and noise, PCU Emissions vehicles Solid waste / Solid and hazardous 9 Hazardous Once a week Quantity waste storage area waste

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6.4.2 MONITORING METHODOLOGIES Monitoring of environmental samples shall be collected as per the guidelines provide by MoEF&CC/ CPCB/ TNPCB. The method followed shall be recommended/standard method approved/recommended by MoEF&CC/ CPCB.

Method of Environmental Sampling & Analysis Attributes Method Sampling / Preservation Analysis A. Air Environment Mechanical/automatic -- 1. Micro meteorological 1. Mechanical or automatic data weather station/ Meteorological Department

2. Ambient Air Quality 2. Samplers (Designed as per Standard methods such

USEPA) to collect PM 2.5 , PM 10 as IS - 5182 & CPCB and the gaseous samples guideline, ASTM, etc. B. Noise Instrument: Noise level meter --

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6.5 ENVIRONMENT POLICY

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6.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL Apart from having an environmental management plan, it is also necessary to have a permanent organizational set up charged with the task of ensuring effective implementation. In this effect, M/s. PCBL (TN) Ltd. will assign responsibilities to officers from various disciplines to co-ordinate the activities concerned with management and implementation of environment control measures.

An organogram of Environment management cell is shown in Figure 6.1. This department shall undertake the monitoring of environment pollution level by measuring stack emissions, Ambient air quality, water and effluent quality, Noise level, etc. either departmentally or by appointing external agency whenever necessary.

M/s. PCBL (TN) Ltd. shall carry out the regular monitoring in future as well as ensure that pollution is limited below prescribed limits and shall take corrective action by providing new pollution control equipment if required. In case the monitored results of environment pollution are found to exceed the prescribed limits, remedial actions are taken through the concerned plant authorities. The actual operation and maintenance of pollution control equipment of each department is under respective department heads.

The environmental department shall also look after preparation and submission of Water Cess Return, Environmental statement and Consolidated Consent & Authorization application/ renewal under water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, Ambient Air Quality as per NAAQS Standards, 2009 and Hazardous & Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016 under Environment Protection Act, 1986.

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FIGURE - 6.1 ORGANOGRAM OF ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT CELL

Responsibilities of EMC The responsibilities of the EMC include the following:  Environmental monitoring of the surrounding area.  Commissioning of pollution control equipment.  Specification and regulation of maintenance schedules for pollution control equipment.  Ensuring that standards of housekeeping in the plant are maintained.  Developing the green belt.  Ensuring proper use of water.  Carrying out the Environmental Management Plan.  Organizing meetings of the Environmental Management Committee and reporting to the committee.

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Ensuring legal compliance by properly undertaking activities as laid down by various regulatory agencies from time to time.

6.7 COMPANY HAS A SYSTEM OF REPORTING OF NON-COMPLIANCES / VIOLATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL NORMS TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE COMPANY AND / OR SHAREHOLDERS OR STAKEHOLDERS AT LARGE An organogram to report of non compliances / violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and / or shareholders or stakeholders:

Operator

EHS Incharge

EHS - Head

Plant Head

Director/CEO

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6.8 Compliance Reports As a part of environmental monitoring programme, following compliance report will be submitted to TNPCB and Regional Office of MoEF&CC.

 Half yearly compliance reports of Environmental Clearance terms and conditions on 1st June and 1 stDecember every calendar year.  Environmental statement (Form-V) for the financial year ending March 31 to TNPCB on or before September 30 every year.  Format for maintaining records of hazardous waste in Form-3 as per Hazardous and other Wastes (Management and Handling and Transboundary movement) Rules, 2008.  Safety data sheet for hazardous chemicals will be maintained as per schedule-9 of MSIHC rules, 1989 (amended 2000).  Format for maintaining notification of major accident in schedule-6 as per MISHC rules, 1989 (amended 2000).

6.9 On-site Mock Drills Requirements

On-site mock drills are very important as it helps employees to be aware of the safety procedures and how to react during the time of crisis. Conducting mock drills at regular intervals enhances preparedness and checks the viability of environmental/disaster management plan. Mock drills are essential for the following reasons:  Helps in revising/improving the environmental/disaster management plan  Helps to evaluate whether the responsible officials are trained efficiently for the unforeseen event  Helps in evaluating whether the emergency equipment are being maintained at premises To ensure efficient environmental/disaster management, EHS department/EMP cell shall conduct periodic on-site mock drills in case of occurrence of the following activities:  Fire, Natural calamities (cyclones, floods, earthquakes)

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 Power break down  Bomb threats; War alerts/terrorist attacks Mock drills should also involve fire department, police, municipal authorities, hospitals and other department/agencies that are mandated to provide emergency support. Documenting the outcome of mock drills is an important aspect as this helps in revising the existing plan more efficiently. In all safety programmes the right personnel need to be employed and this is of utmost importance .

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CHAPTER – 7 RISK ASSESSMENT & DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

In order to support the environment impact assessment and environment management plan, following additional studies have been included in the report.  Risk assessment  Disaster Management Plan  On-site and off-site emergency action plan  Occupational Health and Safety Management System

7.1RISK ASSESSMENT 7.1.1 INTRODUCTION M/S. PCBL (TN) LIMITED is a wholly owned subsidiary of M/s Phillips Carbon Black Limited (PCBL). PCBL is the first Carbon Black Company in the world to receive carbon credits. PCBL has redefined its business by establishing captive power plants at each factory from the off- gas or waste product from the carbon black manufacturing process thus creating a sustainable green movement. The gas, a by-product of carbon black production, is harnessed for generating electricity at the PCBL's Captive Power Plants (CPP), at Palej, Durgapur, Mundra and Kochi. The Company has heavily cut down on carbon and gas emission, and serves green power to Large Private industrial units and State Electricity utilities. At present, the combined production capacity is 5.71 lakh Ton/Annum. Now, PCBL (TN) LIMITED planned to set up a unit in SIPCOT industrial park, Thervoy Kandigai. Proposed facility will be located at Plot No A7 of Thervoy Kandigai Village, SIPCOT Industrial Complex, Gummidipoondi Taluk, Tiruvallur District and Tamil Nadu. The allotted land area is 60.02 Acres (242892.32 Sq.m). The land allotted from SIPCOT industrial complex to the proponent for this proposed project. Hazard analysis involves the identification and quantification of the various hazards (unsafe conditions). On the other hand, risk assessment deals with recognition and computation of risks, the equipment in the plant and personnel are prone to due to the accidents resulting from the hazards present in the plant.

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Risk assessment follows an extensive hazard analysis. It involves the identification and assessment of risks to which the neighboring populations are exposed to as a result of hazards present. This requires a thorough knowledge of failure probability, credible accident scenario, vulnerability of population etc. Much of this information is difficult to get or generate. Consequently, the risk assessment is often confined to maximum credible accident studies.It provides basis for what should be type and capacity of its on-site and off- site emergency plan also what types of safety measures shall be required.

7.1.2 APPROACH TO THE STUDY Risk involves the occurrence or potential occurrence of some accidents consisting of an event or sequence of events. The risk assessment study covers the following:  Identification of potential hazard area;  Identification of representative failure cases;  Visualization of the resulting scenarios in terms of fire and explosion;  Assess the overall damage potential of the identified hazardous events and the impact zones form the accidental scenarios;  Furnish the recommendations on the minimization of the worst accident possibilities  Preparation of Disaster Management Plan;  Emergency Plan, which includes Occupational and Health Safety Plan;

7.1.3 METHODOLOGY Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) is a means of making a systematic assessment of the risks from hazardous activities, and forming a rational evaluation of their significance, in order to provide input to a decision-making process. The term ‘quantitative risk assessment’ is widely used, but strictly this refers to the purely numerical assessment of risks without any evaluation of their significance. The study has been conducted based on the premises of a traditional Quantitative Risk Assessment. The key components of a QRA are explained below, and illustrated in Figure-7.1 and Figure-7.2.

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FIGURE–7.1 QRA METHODOLOGY

TASK 1: SYSTEM DEFINITION

TASK 2: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

TASK 3: FREQUENCY ANALYSIS TASK 4: CONSEQUENCE MODELING

TASK 5: RISK CALCULATIONS

TASK 6: RISK ASSESSMENT

TASK 7: RISK REDUCING MEASURES

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FIGURE–7.2 FLOW CHART FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

Start Identify Risk Areas

Select a Risk Area

Identify Failure Cases

Select a Failure Cases

Identify Consequence Outcomes

Select Consequence Outcomes

Next Next Determine Frequency

Estimate Consequence

Record Frequency and Consequence in a summary Table

Have all Consequence outcomes been studied?

Have all f ailure cases been studied?

Have all risk areas been studied?

Draw Risk Contours Finish Yes

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 7.1.4 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION Identification of hazards in the proposed project activity is of primary significance of the analysis, and quantification. Hazard states the characteristics of system/plant/process that present potential for an accident. All the components of a system/plant/process need to be thoroughly examined to assess their potential for initiating or propagating an unplanned event/sequence of events, which can be termed as an accident.

7.1.4.1 IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS AREAS The procedure for QRA starts with identification of major risk areas in the installation. Operation carried out in specialty chemicals Industries usually come under certain board, general categories. At M/s. Philips Carbon Black Limited major risk areas are as follows:  Bulk storage area for Raw Materials at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure.  Process Plant.

7.1.4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF FAILURE CASES FOR HAZARDOUS AREAS

 Release due to catastrophic failure of storage tanks or process vessels.  Rupture of connected pipe with storage tank or process vessels.  Continuous release at significant rates for long durations transfer pipelines caused by sudden, major break of the pipeline.  Continuous release at low rate through small holes or cracks in piping and vessels, flange leaks, and leakage from pump glands and similar seals.

It is to be noted that for Quantitative Risk Assessment, worst case scenarios has been considered, though their frequency of occurrence is much lower than the cases of small leaks.

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 7.1.4.3 MAJOR HAZARDOUS AREASAND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS The hazardous chemical storage area is shown in Figure-7.3. The major Hazardous chemicals to be stored, transported, handled and utilized within the plot area are summarized in the Table-7.1. Other hazards and control measures are summarized in Table-7.2.Facilities / System for process safety, transportation, fire fighting system and emergency capabilities to be adopted are stated below.

FIGURE-7.3 HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL STORAGE AREA

Tank Farm Area

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT TABLE-7.1 STORAGE AND HANDLING DETAILS OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS

SR. RAW CAS NO. STATE HAZARD MODE OF NO. OF CAPACITY OF NO. MATERIAL INVOLVED STORAGE TANKS EACH STORAGE /VESSELS / TANKS/ VESSEL/ BAGS BAGS 1. Carbon Black 64741-62-4 Liquid Flammable MS Tank 2 6000 Feedstock 1 3000 (CBFS) 8 2000 1 600 2. Anthracene Oil 90640-80-5 Liquid Toxic/ MS Tank 2 2000 (ATO) Flammable 3. High Speed 68476-30-2 Liquid Flammable MS Tank 1 150 Diesel (HSD)/Light Diesel Oil (LDO) 4. Molasses NA Thick Toxic Epoxy 1 140 Liquid Coated CS Cylindrica l Tanks 5. Hydrochloric 7647-01-0 Liquid Corrosive Rubber 1 40 Acid Lined CS / FRP Vessels 6. Sodium 1310-73-2 Liquid Corrosive Rubber 1 20 Hydroxide Lined CS / FRP Vessels 7. Potassium 7757-79-1/ Powder Corrosive / Bags 100 20 Nitrate / 584-08-7 Corrosive Potassium Carbonate

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT TABLE-7.2 OTHER HAZARDS AND CONTROL SR. NAME OF THE ITS SOURCES ITS EFFECTS ON PLACE OF CONTROL MEASURES PROVIDED NO. POSSIBLE HAZARD & PERSONS, PROPERTY ITS EFFECT OR EMERGENCY REASONS & ENVIRONMENT 1 BOILER Over pressure in the Minor/Major Injury Boiler Lower & Upper Level Indication System provision. Safety (1) Burning boiler if safety valve Loss of human life House and valves for pressure control fixed temp. & pressure (2) Physical injury not working. Water Loss of property (Loss surrounding indicator provided. Blow down & blowing system (3) Explosion level indicator not of Main/ Machine places provided for cleaning tube and shell. Soft water used. working. Low water Material) Inter locking provided on pumps, FD fan, and ID fan. level indicator fails. Periodical checking & inspection maintenance done. High temp. System Yearly inspection done by Boiler Inspector. fails. 2 ELECTRICITY Loose Contacts, Weak Burning, Shock, Death Surroundin Proper Earthing, Periodical Checking of joints, proper (1) Burning earthling Short Circuit g the insulations of Equipments, etc. Flame proof fitting in (2) Fire Improper Insulation accident solvent storage area, bounding and jumpers to all (3) Shock area solvent barrier lines provided. 3 HOUSE KEEPING Bad House keeping Physical / Chemical In all Proper Handling, regular cleaning, Proper placement of (1) Physical Thermal Burn Injury surrounding material (RIGHT THING AT THE RIGHT PLACE) (2) Burning (Major / Minor) areas i.e. (3) Fire Storage, (4) Chemical Plants Exposure 4 PIPE LINE LEAKAGES Leaking of pipe line Physical / Chemical Plant area Proper maintenance, Proper Selection of Material for Spillages etc . due to corrosion, Thermal Burn Injury pipe lines, Immediate attention, Earthing provided, (1) Corrosion Loose contact etc. (Major / Minor) flame proof fitting, NO SMOKINGBoards displayed. (2) Toxic gas release 5 Structural Failure Inside the factory Injury/Death to Within the Automatic operation Periodic Testing of safety valves (Corrosion) persons, damage to factory Regular Inspection and Maintenance property

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 6 Toxic Release from Outside the factory Injury/Death Within & Alarm, Evacuation rescue & shelter/ Welfare outside outside the unit 7 Natural Calamity Nature Injury / Death to Within & Alarm, Evacuation rescue & shelter/ Welfare persons, damage to outside the property unit

TABLE-7.3 HAZARDOUS PROPERTIES OF THE CHEMICALS, COMPATIBILITIES, SPECIAL HAZARD AND ANTIDOTES NO RAW MATERIAL S/L NFPA WATER SOL FP °c BP °c L E L VP VD SG TWA IDLH TANKS U E L 1 Carbon Black Feedstock Liquid 2 2 0 Insoluble in 110 °c 420 °c NA NA NA 1. 09 -1.10 3.5 None (CBFS) Water g/cm 3 mg/m 3 estab.

2 Anthracene (ATO) Liquid 2 2 0 Insoluble in 121 °c 342 °c 0.6% NA 6.15 1.09 -1.12 0.2 NA cold water g/cm 3 mg/m 3 3 High Speed Diesel Liquid 1 2 0 Insoluble in 32 °c 215 -376 °c 0.6% 2.12 to 26 mm 3-5 0.86 -0.90 800 PPM NA (HSD)/Light Diesel Oil Water 6% Hg at 21 °c (LDO) 4 Molasses Liquid NA Highly Soluble Not 107 °c Not determined 1.4 NA NA determined 5 Hydrochloric Acid Liquid 3 0 0 Soluble in cold NA 108.58°C (for NA 25 kPa at 25°C 1.267 1.1 -1.9 NA NA water, hot 20.22% HCl) 83 °C water (for 31% HCl ) 50.5°C (for 37% HCl) 6 Sodium Hydroxide Liquid 3 0 1 1.260 g/l at 20 NA 1.390°C NA NA 1.38 NA 2 10 °C mg/m 3 mg/m 3 7 Potassium Nitrate / Powder 1 0 1 NA NA 400°C @ 760 NA NA NA 2.11 NA NA Potassium Carbonate 2 2 0 mmHg

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7.2 SAFETY PRECAUTIONSDURING STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS LIQUIDS  Vendor will be asked to provide MSDS to Truck Driver.  Truck will have clearly marked identification of material being contained with mentioning Safety Card.  Driver to have concerned Safety Officer’s contact details to contact him in case of emergency.  SOP to cover routine checking of Hazardous chemical storage area to be carried out for checking any spillage / leakage.  Hazardous chemical storage area will be inspected physically daily for having any visual abnormality.  Readings of Temperature & Pressure will be noted, recorded & reported immediately for abnormality.  Safety instruments will be checked at defined duration for intakeness.  Barrels to be checked for proper fixing of bungs before sending it outside the premises.  Barrels to be monitored physically daily for developing any pressure or vacuum within it on long storage.  Concerned persons will be trained properly to use spill kit in case of observing any spillage inside warehouse.

SOLIDS  Vendor will be asked to provide MSDS to Truck Driver.  Driver to have concerned Safety Officer’s contact details to contact him in case of emergency.  Provide muffler on exhaust while entering truck within premises.  SOP to cover routine checking of Bags & Containers for checking any damage.  Containers to be tested for safe racking & transportation.  Proper PPE to be used while handling the material & concerned persons to be trained for usage of the same.  Concerned persons will be trained properly to use spill kit in case of observing any spillage inside warehouse. 203

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THE MAJOR HAZARDS IN THE M/s.PCBL (TN) LTD ARE DESCRIBED BELOW.  Fire and Explosive hazard due to leakage of chemicals like Carbon Black Feedstock, Anthracene, HSD & LDO etc.  Corrosive hazard due to leakage of chemicals like HCl  Electrical hazards due to the electrical major equipment/ machinery, operations, welding, motors, and heavy lift devices, cabling, human intervention (short circuit possibility), maintenance work (due to machinery breakdown etc.), plant lighting related electrical hazards.  Possibility of human injury due to working with mechanical machines, manual handling etc.  Possibility of injury during chemicals handled, during operations and due to intoxication.  Major dropped objects hazard due to large number of physical handling steps / operations involved with crane/ overhead lifting/ hoisting equipment.  Fires in any part of the plant working areas – there is a possibility of rapid escalation if it is not brought under control quickly.  Possibilities of fire hazards at transformers, switchgear and other electrical equipment etc.

FOR ABOVE GROUND NON PESO STORAGE TANK FARM:  SS storage tank provided as per IS code.  Dyke wall provided to storage tank.  Level gauge provided with low level high level auto cut-off provision.  Fire hydrant monitor with foam trolley facility provided.  FLP type pump provided.  Double static earthing provided to storage tank.  Double Jumper clip provided to all pipeline flanges.  Road tanker unloading procedure prepared and implemented.  Lightening arrestor, PPEs provided.  Safety shower, eye wash provided.  NFPA labeling system adopted for drums as well as storage tanks.

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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS MEASURES FOR FLAMMABLE STORAGE &TANK FARM AREA:  Isolated storage area, away from process area.  Fully fledged fire hydrant system with fire water storage tank will be provided  Water sprinkler system/ hydrant system will be provided at all flammable material storage area.  Static dissipation points for control of static hazards will be provided.  Fire extinguishers and foam trolleys will be provided at strategic locations.  Online gas detectors system will be provided near underground tank farm.  Safety instruction boards will be displayed for handling & emergency response.  Dyke walls will be provided for containment of liquid spills.  PLC based safety interlocks, control valves and emergency relief system will be provided.  Flame proof fitting will be installed at all areas as per Hazardous Area Classification.  Double earthing& grounding to the system will be provided.  Earthing relays with interlock will be provided to stop transfer of material if earthing continuity is not there.  Lock & key arrangements will be provided for critical chemicals pipeline valves.  Tanker loading stations with retractable life lines will be provided.

SAFETY MEASURES FOR ACID STORAGE TANK AREA:  Storage tank will be stored away from the process plant.  Tanker unloading procedure will be prepared and implemented.  Caution note and emergency handling procedure will be displayed at unloading area and trained all operators.  NFPA label will be provided.  Required PPEs like full body protection PVC apron, Hand gloves, gumboot, Respiratory mask etc. will be provided to operator.  Neutralizing agent will be kept ready for tackle any emergency spillage.  Safety shower, eye wash with quenching unit will be provided in acid storage area.  Material will be handled in close condition in pipe line.  Dyke wall will be provided to all storage tanks, collection pit with valve provision.  Double drain valve will provided.

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 Level gauge will be provided on all storage tanks.  Safety permit for loading unloading of hazardous material will be prepared and implemented.  TREM CARD will be provided to all transporters and will be trained for transportation Emergency of Hazardous chemicals.  Fire hydrant system with jockey pump as per IS 13039 will be installed.

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SAFETY MEASURES IN PLANT AREA SPECIAL DESIGN CRITERIA All processes will be made inherently safer through HAZOP studies at the design freeze stage. All equipment will be made to relevant standards and tested through competent agencies. All processes will be PLC based and hence a little chance is left to human error.

CONTROLS AND ALARMS All hazardous processes and equipment will be DCS operated. Respective audio-visual alarm and DCS based controls will be provided.

PRESSURE RELIEF SYSTEMS Wherever pressure systems are there, the rupture disc and pressure relieving safety valves will be provided. These valves give positive relief during over-pressurization, even at low temperature (possible cause for over-pressurization are fire, excessive nitrogen pressure for unloading and overheating during thawing procedures for frozen alkyls) Use of the relief valve also allows reseating after the over pressurization is relieved.

COLLECTING TANK / DUMP TANKS/ BUFFER VESSELS All liquid storages will be provided with dyke containment for collection of leakage material from the storage tank. All plants will be having collection sumps so that if there is any spill in the plant it is getting collected in sumps.

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7.3HANDLING OF TOXIC/CORROSIVE CHEMICALS  When in contact with human tissues, most corrosive substances produce chemical burns,while certain other substances produce deep ulceration. Many corrosive substances have a defeating action on the skin and may cause dermatitis.

THE SAFEGUARDS AGAINST THESE HAZARDS WILL BE:  Preventing or minimizing contact between corrosive substances and skin, mucous membranes and eyes.  Corrosive substances will not be allowed to come in contact with materials that may react.  All the containers, pipes, apparatus, installations and structure used for the manufacture, storage, transport or use of these substances will be protected by suitable coatings, impervious to and unaffected by corrosives.  All containers or receptacles will be clearly labelled to indicate their contents and should bear the danger symbol for corrosives.  A high standard of maintenance and good housekeeping will be essential.  Adequate ventilation and exhaust arrangement whether general or local, will be provided whenever corrosive toxic gases or dust are present.  Personal protective devices will be used depending upon the nature of work viz. O Corrosion-resistant and impervious suits, or hand-gloves, aprons etc. O Respirator, gas mask or self contained breathing apparatus. O Barrier cream when exposure will not be severe.  First aid treatment facilities will be provided and all concern are instructed to follow safe  Practices such as O Prolonged washing with water O Removing contaminated clothing O Seeking immediate medical help  Safety showers and eye washers will be provided.

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HAZARD CONTROL MEASURES

A) Hazard Control Measures:

1) Fire Hazard 2) Others Hazard 3) Chemical / Solvent leakage

. Flameproof electrical  WH & Solvent Building  Handling of chemicals apparatus installed at located away from other with confined containers probable fire hazard area. plants. / drums only. . Well maintained Fire  Online flammable gas  Availability of spillage Fighting Apparatus (fire detection meters with control kit & sand extinguisher, fire hydrant audible alarm / hooter. buckets on specific system) in sufficient  Explosion proof wall & locations. quantity. doors of process area  Regular monitoring of . Well defined storage facility where such hazards are VOC level of plant by for fire hazard substances. apparent. internally and externally . Copper Jumpers are  Copper Jumpers are agency and precaution provided on solvent provided on solvent are taken to avoid transferring lines. transferring lines. exposure. . Earthing/Bonding system is  Earthing/Bonding system is  PPEs like organic provided at designated provided at designated cartridge mask, air areas. areas. bubbler and full body . Smoke detectors and fire  Process operated by pressure suit with alarm system installed at competent person only. breathing air provision site.  Regular testing / inspection are provided as and . Process / operation of pressure vessels by when required. handling by competent competent person  People in vicinity of area person only.  Installation of safety valve are trained to use . Permit to work system. on probable explosion spillage control kit. . Round the clock availability hazards vessels.  SCBA set is readily of qualified Safety Officer &  Permit to work system. available at designated Paramedic. locations for emergency . Mutual aid with nearby scenario. industries and Disaster Preventive Management Centre.

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7.4 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS In a plant handling hazardous chemicals, the main hazard arises due to storage, handling & use of these chemicals. If these chemicals are released into the atmosphere, they may cause damage due to resulting fires or vapour clouds. Blast Overpressures depend upon the reactivity class of material between two explosive limits.

OPERATING PARAMETERS Potential vapour release for the same material depends significantly on the operating conditions. Especially for any liquefied gas, the operating conditions are very critical to assess the damage potential. If we take up an example of ammonia, if it is stored at ambient temperature, say 30 oC, and then the vapour release potential of the inventory is much higher as compared to the case if it is stored at 0 oC.

INVENTORY Inventory Analysis is commonly used in understanding the relative hazards and short listing of release scenarios. Inventory plays an important role in regard to the potential hazard. Larger the inventory of a vessel or a system, larger the quantity of potential release. The potential vapour release (source strength) depends upon the quantity of liquid release, the properties of the materials and the operating conditions (pressure, temperature). If all these influencing parameters are combined into a matrix and vapour source strength estimated for each release case, a ranking should become a credible exercise.

LOSS OF CONTAINMENT Plant inventory can get discharged to Environment due to Loss of Containment. Certain features of materials to be handled at the plant need to the clearly understood to firstly list out all significant release cases and then to short list release scenarios for a detailed examination. Liquid release can be either instantaneous or continuous.Failure of a vessel leading to an instantaneous outflow assumes the sudden appearance of such a major crack that practically all of the contents above the crack shall be released in a very short time. The more likely event is the case of liquid release from a hole in a pipe connected to the vessel. The flow rate is depending on the size of the hole as well as on the pressure, which was present, in front of the hole, prior to the accident. Such pressure is basically dependent on the pressure in the vessel.

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The vaporisation of released liquid depends on the vapour pressure and weather conditions. Such consideration and others have been kept in mind both during the initial listing as well as during the short listing procedure. In the study, Maximum Credible Loss accident methodology is to be used, therefore, the largest potential hazard inventories have been considered for consequence estimation.

7.4.1 DAMAGE CRITERIA In consequence analysis, use is made of a number of calculation models to estimate the physical effects of an accident (spill of hazardous material) and to predict the damage (lethality, injury, material destruction) of the effects. The calculations can roughly be divided in three major groups: a) Determination of the source strength parameters; b) Determination of the consequential effects; c) Determination of the damage or damage distances. The basic physical effect models consist of the following.

SOURCE STRENGTH PARAMETERS * Calculation of the outflow of liquid, vapour or gas out of a vessel or a pipe, in case of rupture. Also two-phase outflow can be calculated. * Calculation, in case of liquid outflow, of the instantaneous flash evaporation and of the dimensions of the remaining liquid pool. * Calculation of the evaporation rate, as a function of volatility of the material, pool dimensions and wind velocity. * Source strength equals pump capacities, etc. in some cases.

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CONSEQUENTIAL EFFECTS * Dispersion of gaseous material in the atmosphere as a function of source strength, relative density of the gas, weather conditions and topographical situation of the surrounding area. * Intensity of heat radiation [in kW/ m 2] due to a fire or a BLEVE, as a function of the distance to the source. * Energy of vapour cloud explosions [in N/m 2], as a function of the distance to the distance of the exploding cloud. * Concentration of gaseous material in the atmosphere, due to the dispersion of evaporated chemical. The latter can be either explosive or toxic.

It may be obvious, that the types of models that must be used in a specific risk study strongly depend upon the type of material involved: - Gas, vapour, liquid, solid - Inflammable, explosive, toxic, toxic combustion products - Stored at high/low temperatures or pressure - Controlled outflow (pump capacity) or catastrophic failure?

SELECTION OF DAMAGE CRITERIA The damage criteria give the relation between extent of the physical effects (exposure) and the percentage of the people that will be killed or injured due to those effects. The knowledge about these relations depends strongly on the nature of the exposure. For instance, much more is known about the damage caused by heat radiation, than about the damage due to toxic exposure, and for these toxic effects, the knowledge differs strongly between different materials. In Consequence Analysis studies, in principle three types of exposure to hazardous effects are distinguished: 1. Heat radiation, from a jet, pool fire, a flash fire or a BLEVE. 2. Explosion 3. Toxic effects, from toxic materials or toxic combustion products. In the next three paragraphs, the chosen damage criteria are given and explained. HEAT RADIATION The consequence caused by exposure to heat radiation is a function of:

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2  The radiation energy onto the human body [kW/m ];  The exposure duration [sec];  The protection of the skin tissue (clothed or naked body).  The limits for 1% of the exposed people to be killed due to heat radiation, and for second- degree burns are given in the table herein: DAMAGES TO HUMAN LIFE DUE TO HEAT RADIATION Exposure Radiation for 1% Radiation for 2 nd degree Radiation for first Duration lethality (kW/m 2) burns (kW/m 2) degree burns (kW/m 2) 10 Sec 21.2 16 12.5 30 Sec 9.3 7.0 4.0

Since in practical situations, only the own employees will be exposed to heat radiation in case of a fire, it is reasonable to assume the protection by clothing. It can be assumed that people would be able to find a cover or a shield against thermal radiation in 10 sec. time. Furthermore, 100% lethality may be assumed for all people suffering from direct contact with flames, such as the pool fire, a flash fire or a jet flame. The effects due to relatively lesser incident radiation intensity are given below. EFFECTS DUE TO INCIDENT RADIATION INTENSITY INCIDENT RADIATION TYPE OF DAMAGE kW/m 2 0.7 Equivalent to Solar Radiation 1.6 No discomfort for long exposure 4.0 Sufficient to cause pain within 20 sec. Blistering of skin (first degree burns are likely) 9.5 Pain threshold reached after 8 sec. second degree burns after 20 sec. 12.5 Minimum energy required for piloted ignition of wood, melting plastic tubing etc.

EXPLOSION In case of vapour cloud explosion, two physical effects may occur: * a flash fire over the whole length of the explosive gas cloud; * a blast wave, with typical peak overpressures circular around ignition source. As explained above, 100% lethality is assumed for all people who are present within the cloud proper. For the blast wave, the lethality criterion is based on:

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* A peak overpressure of 0.1 bar will cause serious damage to 10% of the housing/structures. * Falling fragments will kill one of each eight persons in the destroyed buildings. The following damage criteria may be distinguished with respect to the peak overpressures resulting from a blast wave:

DAMAGE DUE TO OVERPRESSURES

Peak Overpressure Damage Type 0.83 bar Total Destruction 0.30 bar Heavy Damage 0.10 bar Moderate Damage 0.03 bar Significant Damage 0.01 bar Minor Damage

From this it may be concluded that p = 0.17 E+5 pa corresponds approximately with 1% lethality. Furthermore it is assumed that everyone inside an area in which the peak overpressure is greater than 0.17 E+ 5 pas will be wounded by mechanical damage. For the gas cloud explosion this will be inside a circle with the ignition source as its centre.

INTOXICATION The consequences from inhalation of a toxic vapour/gas are determined by the toxic dose. This dose D is basically determined by: - Concentration of the vapour in air; - Exposure duration. Furthermore, of course, the breathing rates of the victim, as well as the specific toxic mechanism unto the metabolism play an important role.

The dose is defined as D = C n.t, with: C = concentration of the toxic vapour, in [ppm] or [mg/m 3]; t = exposure duration, in [sec] or [min]; n = exponent, mostly > 1.0; this exponent takes into account the fact that a high concentration over a short period results in more serious injury than a low concentration over a relatively longer period of exposure. The value of n should be greater than zero but less than 5.

The given definition for D only holds if the concentration is more or less constant over the exposure time; this may be the case for a (semi) continuous source. In case of an 214

M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT instantaneous source, the concentration varies with time; the dose D must be calculated with an integral equation: D = Cn.dt For a number of toxic materials, so-called Vulnerability Models (V.M.) has been developed. The general equation for a V.M. (probit function) is: Pr = a + b.ln (C n.t), with Pr = probit number, being a representation of the percentage of people suffering a certain kind of damage, for instance lethality Pr = 2.67 means 1% of the population; Pr = 5.00 means 50% of the population; a and b material dependent numbers; Cn.t = dose D, as explained above. The values for a and b are mostly derived from experiments with animals; occasionally, however, also human toxicity factors have been derived from accidents in past. In case only animal experiments are available, the inhalation experiments with rats seem to be best applicable for predicting the damage to people from acute intoxication. Although much research in this field have been done over the past decades, only for a limited number of toxic materials consequence models have been developed. Often only quite scarce information is available to predict the damage from an acute toxic exposition. Data transformation from oral intoxication data to inhalation toxicity criteria is sometimes necessary. Generally, in safety evaluations pessimistic assumptions are applied in these transformation calculations. The calculated damage (distance) may be regarded as a maximum. For the purposes of a response to a major incident, the IDLH value level has been chosen for the ‘wounded‘criteria. This type of injury will require medical attention. 7.4.2 MAXIMUM CREDIBLE LOSS ACCIDENT SCENARIOS A Maximum Credible Accident (MCA) can be characterised as the worst credible accident. In other words: an accident in an activity, resulting in the maximum consequence distance that is still believed to be possible. A MCA-analysis does not include a quantification of the probability of occurrence of the accident. Another aspect, in which the pessimistic approach of MCA studies appears, is the atmospheric condition that is used for dispersion calculations. As per the reference of the study, weather conditions having an average wind speed have been chosen.

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The Maximum Credible Loss (MCL) scenarios have been developed for the Facility. The MCL cases considered, attempt to include the worst “Credible” incidents- what constitutes a credible incident is always subjective. Nevertheless, guidelines have evolved over the years and based on basic engineering judgement, the cases have been found to be credible and modelling for assessing vulnerability zones is prepared accordingly. Only catastrophic cases have been considered and not partial or small failures (as is the case in Quantitative Risk Assessment where contributions from low frequency - high outcome effect as well as high frequency - low outcome events are distinguished). The objective of the study is emergency planning, hence only holistic & conservative assumptions are used for obvious reasons. Hence though the outcomes may look pessimistic, the planning for emergency concept should be borne in mind whilst interpreting the results.

7.4.2.1 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS CALCULATIONS The Consequence Analysis has been done for selected scenarios. This has been done for weather conditions having wind speed. In Consequence Analysis, geographical location of the source of potential release plays an important role. Consideration of a large number of scenarios in the same geographical location serves little purpose if the dominant scenario has been identified and duly considered.

7.4.2.2 SOFTWARE USED FOR CALCULATIONS PHAST MICRO: Phast is the most comprehensive software available for performing Process Hazard Analysis (PHA), Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) and Financial Risk Analysis (FRA). Our extensively validated software for consequence and risk assessment is used by governments and industry helping them to comply with local safety regulation and their own corporate best practice. Phast contains all the discharge, dispersion, effects and risk models you will need to accurately assess all your major hazards and associated risks. Phast Consequence provides you with comprehensive hazard analysis facilities to examine the progress of a potential incident from the initial release to its far-field effects.

TOXIC AND FLAMMABLE IMPACT It calculates the initial discharge, as the material expands from its storage conditions to atmospheric, through dispersion, as the material mixes with air and dilutes, and the

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT subsequent toxic or flammable effects. Phast includes a wide range of models for discharge and dispersion as well as flammable, explosive and toxic effects. DISCHARGE  Phast requires basic information about storage or process conditions and material properties in order to perform discharge calculations  The software comes with an integrated material property database containing more than 1,600 pre-defined pure component chemicals  Various discharge scenario options have been implemented to represent common process failures, and model their behavior. These include:  Leaks and line ruptures from long & short pipelines  Catastrophic ruptures  Relief valve and disc ruptures  Tank roof collapse  Vent from vapour spaces  In building release effects

DISPERSION The dispersion models within Phast are able to model the following phenomena  Dispersion of gas, liquid and two-phase releases  Liquid droplet thermo dynamics calculations and liquid droplet rainout  Pool spreading and vaporization  Building wake dispersion effects for vapour releases

FLAMMABLE EFFECTS For releases of flammable material Phast calculates  Radiation profiles and contours from a range of fire scenarios including pool fires, flash fires, jet fires and fire balls, including cross-wind effects on a jet fire  Vapour Cloud Explosion modeling using industry standards models including the TNO Multi-energy, Baker Strehlow Tang and TNT Equivalence models  Overpressure contours from Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosions

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TOXIC EFFECTS  Graphs of toxic concentration profile  Indoor and outdoor toxic dose prediction  Reporting of distance to specific dose and concentration  Calculated exposure time and use as “averaging time” for passive dispersion effects

PHAST RISK Phast Risk allows you to combine the flammable and toxic consequences from each scenario in your QRA model with their likelihood to quantify the risk of fatalities. Phast Risk allows you to take account of local population distribution, sources of ignition, land usage and local prevailing weather conditions. It is designed to perform all the analysis, data handling and results presentation elements of a QRA within a structured framework.

Phast Risk allows you to quickly identify major risk contributors so that time and efforts can be directed to mitigating these highest risk activities. Based on effects calculations and population vulnerabilities, Phast Risk can integrate over all scenarios and weather conditions to estimate the total risk. The established individual and societal risk indicators are predicted by Phast Risk across your facility and surrounding area using the classical QRA methodology. Risk ranking reports can be produced at points of strategic importance to show the relative influence of the various failure scenarios and their contribution to both the individual and societal risk metrics.

A key benefit of Phast Risk is the ability to identify major risk contributors and differentiate these from incidents with worst case consequences which might otherwise dominate the safety reviews. Whilst medium scale incidents have lesser consequences, they may have a higher frequency, which, when combined with their hazardous effects, generate a higher level of risk. Time and effort directed to mitigating high consequence but often low frequency events may not be well spent. Phast Risk helps you direct this effort more effectively. Phast Risk also provides facilities to help you manage large quantities of input data, including scenarios, parameters, wind roses, ignition and population, and combine these in many ways. This is critical when looking at sensitivity analyses and assessing the merits of a range of risk reduction measures.

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BENEFITS  Facilitates cost reduction in terms of losses and insurance  Allows optimization of plant and process design  Assist in compliance with safety regulators  Enables quicker response to hazardous incidents  Improve engineer’s understanding of potential hazards  Regular software upgrades incorporate industry experience and expertise, and advances in consequence modeling technology

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7.5 SCENARIOS TABLE-7.4 POSSIBLE ACCIDENT SCENARIOS

SCENARIO MCL SCENARIO QUANTITY 1 Release of Carbon Black feedstock 6000 KL 2 Release of High Speed Diesel 150 KL 3 Release of HCl 40 KL

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SCENARIO-1 RELEASE OF CARBON BLACKFEEDSTOCK

Catastrophic Rupture Input Data Stored quantity - 600 0 KL Molecular weight – 12.011 Wind speed - 2.42 m/s Density –1. 1 g/cm 3 Results of Computations Maximum distance at over pressure Over Pressure 0.02068 1031.06 m Over Pressure 0.1379 311.43 m Over Pressure 0.2068 254.55 m

FLASH FIRE ENEVELOPE:-

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RADIATION VS DISTANCE FOR JET FIRE

CENTERLINE CONCENTRATION VS DISTANCE

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SCENARIO-2 RELEASE OF HSD Catastrophic Rupture Input Data Stored quantity - 150 KL Molecular weight - 175.18 Wind speed - 2.42 m/s Density– 820 kg/m 3 Results indicate Flash Fire Radiation Level Distance in meter (KW/m 2) 37.5 Not Reached 12.5 Not Reached 4 Not Reached

CLOUD FOOT PRINT

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MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION FOOT PRINT

FLASH FIRE ENEVELOPE

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SCENARIO-3 RELEASE OF HCL Catastrophic Rupture Input Data Stored quantity - 40 KL Molecular weight -36.46 Wind speed - 2.42 m/s Density– 1180 kg/m 3 Results indicate LC50 – 149 ppm 53.63 meter IDLH – 5 ppm 1839.19 meter TLV –0.75 ppm 3531.6 meter

RESULTS

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MEASURES TO BE TAKEN TO PREVENT SUCH ACCIDENT

 Priority will be given to Tanker to immediately enter the storage premises at site and will not be kept waiting near the gate or the main road.  Security person checks License, TREM CARD, Fire extinguisher condition, required PPEs as per SOP laid down.  Store officer will take sample as per sampling SOP from sampling point.  After approval of QC department unloading procedure is allowed be started.

FOLLOWING PRECAUTIONS WILL BE ADOPTED DURING UNLOADING  Wheel stopper is provided to TL at unloading platform.  Tanker unloading procedure is followed according to check list and implemented.  Flexible hose connection is done at TL outlet line and checked for no leakage.  The quantity remaining in the hose pipeline is drained to a small container, which will be subsequently transferred to the main storage tank thus ensuring complete closed conditions for transfer from road tanker.  All TL valves will be closed.

FOLLOWING PRECAUTIONS WILL BE ADOPTED STORAGE OF SUCH CHEMICALS  Storage tank is stored away from the process plant.  Tanker unloading procedure is prepared and implemented.  Caution note and emergency handling procedure is displayed at unloading area and trained all operators.  NFPA label is provided.  Required PPEs like full body protection PVC apron, Hand gloves, gumboot, Respiratory mask etc. is provided to operator.  Neutralizing agent is kept ready for tackle any emergency spillage.  Safety shower, eye wash with quenching unit is provided in acid storage area.  Material is handled in close condition in pipe line.  Dyke wall is provided to all storage tanks, collection pit with valve provision.  Drain valve is provided.  Level gauge is provided on all storage tanks.  Safety permit for loading unloading of hazardous material is prepared and implemented.  TREM CARD is provided to all transporters and trained for transportation Emergency of Hazardous chemicals.  Fire hydrant system with jockey pump as per TAC norms is installed.

MITIGATION MEASURES TO CONTROL EMERGENCY:  Safety Shower and eye wash is provided away from the tank and unloading station.  Sand bags/ buckets is provided near tank area.  Neutralizing medium (Lime and dry sand) is kept ready near tank farm.  Emergency siren and wind sock is provided.  Tele Communication system and mobile phone is used in case of emergency situations for communication.  First Aid Boxes and Occupational health center is made at site.  Emergency organization and team is prepared. 226

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 Full body protection suite and other PPEs will be kept ready in ECC at site.  Emergency team is prepared and trained for scenario base emergency. Like Toxic control team, Fire control team, First aid team, communication and general administration team, Medical team etc.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE SPILL OR LEAK · Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. · Stop leak if you can do it without risk. · Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not put water directly on leak, spill area or inside container. · Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

SMALL SPILL · Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. · Use clean non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. · Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

MEASURES TO BE TAKEN TO PREVENT SUCH ACCIDENT:  The installation of all the equipments will be as per guidelines of provision of Gujarat Factories Rule 1963.  Priority will be given to Tanker to immediately enter the storage premises at site and will not be kept waiting near the gate or the main road.  Plant Operator will take sample as per sampling SOP from sampling point.  After approval of QC department unloading procedure will be allowed be started.  In case of fire emergency, standard type of Firefighting equipments and fire extinguishers will be provided in the storage area as well as required places in the plant.  Personnel protective equipment‘s will be provide to workers.  First Aid facility and First-aid trained person will be available at the time of chemical handling operation.

FOLLOWING PRECAUTIONS WILL BE ADOPTED DURING UNLOADING  Wheel stopper will be provided to TL at unloading platform.  Static earthing will be provided to road tanker.  Tanker unloading procedure will be followed according to check list and implemented.

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 Flexible SS hose connection will be done at TL outlet line.  The quantity remaining in the hose pipeline will be drained to a small underground storage tank, which will be subsequently transferred by nitrogen pressure to the main storage tank thus ensuring complete closed conditions for transfer from road tanker.  All TL valves will be closed in TL.  Finally earthing connection and wheel stopper will be removed.  Only day time unloading will be permitted.

FOLLOWING PRECAUTIONS WILL BE ADOPTED STORAGE OF SUCH CHEMICALS  Storage tank will be stored away from the process plant.  Tanker unloading procedure will be prepared and implemented.  Caution note and emergency handling procedure will be displayed at unloading area and trained all operators.  NFPA label will be provided.  Required PPEs like full body protection PVC apron, Hand gloves, gumboot, Respiratory mask, Nomex suit etc. will be provided to operator.  Neutralizing agent will be kept ready for tackle any emergency spillage.  Safety shower, eye wash with quenching unit will be provided in acid storage area.  Material will be handled in close condition in pipe line.  Dyke wall will be provided to all storage tanks, collection pit with valve provision.  Double drain valve will be provided.  Level gauge will be provided on all storage tanks.  Safety permit for loading unloading of hazardous material will be prepared and implemented.  TREM CARD will be provided to all transporters and will be trained for transportation Emergency of Hazardous chemicals.

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7.5.1 RISK ASSESSMENT SUMMARY  From the Risk Assessment studies conducted, it would be observed that by and large, the risks are confined almost within the factory boundary walls.  Based on these studies company has been proposed to plan its facility sitting as well as location of operator cabin, open area, etc.  Company has to increase awareness programme in the surrounding vicinity and educate people for safe evacuation at the time of toxic release.  Induction safety course to be prepared and trained all new employees before starting duties in plant.  A HAZOP study to be carried out for all product plant and storage facilities.

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7.6DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 7.6.1 OBJECTIVE

 To establish a method of systematic, safe and orderly evacuation in the least possible time, to a safe area or by the nearest safe means of way out.  Control the accidents.  Rapid control and containment of hazardous situation.  Rescue and treatment of casualties.  Safeguard people (both at site and neighborhood).  Minimize damage to property and environment.  Identify casualties, notify their relatives and render necessary help to them.  Proper training of the concerned person.  Prevent recurrence.  Be capable of dealing with largest incident that can reasonably be foreseen.  Have sufficient flexibility with a view to handling the emergency efficiently and avoiding unnecessary calling external agencies like fire brigade services.

7.6.2. BASIC FORMS OF EMERGENCY

 Fire  Explosion  Toxic release  Natural disaster (earth quake, flooding, tsunami etc.)  A combination of more than one

7.6.3. TYPES OF EMERGENCY 7.6.3.1 ON-SITE EMERGENCY An accident/ incident that take place in a factory, with effects being confined to the factory premises, involving only the persons working in the factory and the property inside the factory is called On-site Emergency. It can further be classified as minor and major emergency based on severity of the incident.

7.6.3.2. MINOR EMERGENCY (EVACUATION IS NOT REQUIRED) In the case of minor emergency there is no need for an evacuation siren and the respective department personnel will handle the same with assistance of Safety Squad.

7.6.3.3. MAJOR EMERGENCY (EVACUATION IS REQUIRED) In case of major emergency, there must be an emergency siren and situation is tackled as per the plan.

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7.6.3.4. OFF-SITE EMERGENCY If the accident is such that it affects inside the factory uncontrolled and it may spread outside the factory premises, it is called as Off-site Emergency. Assessment reveals that an Off-site emergency is a very remote possibility in the factory. If situation dictates, local police may be availed to warn and advice the local public on mitigation in an emergency situation.

7.6.4. ON SITE EMERGENCY PLAN IN PLACE WITH PCBL 7.6.4.1. PURPOSE The main purpose of preparing “On-Site Emergency plan” is to define responsibility for individuals and teams to control and mitigate emergency situation in a systematic way without affecting adjacent building, neighboring industry and public of the surrounding vicinity.

7.6.4.2. EMERGENCY ORGANIZATION The effective control of emergency situations depends upon the way in which the individual and team acting during emergency in an appropriate time. So this is very essential to identify key individual and teams for fixing specific responsibility as part of emergency organization to avoid confusion. The following are the important key persons and team identified as part of emergency organization. 1. Emergency Identifier. 2. Incident controller 3. Chief controller. 4. Works Controller. 5. Liaison Team. 6. Fire and Safety Team. 7. First aid Team. 8. Environmental Team. 9. Internal communication Team. 10. Task force team.

7.6.4.3. INDIVIDUAL AND TEAMS ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

The following are the individual and team responsibility of emergency organization. PCBL (TN) LIMITED may assign the following roles to their responsible employees as applicable. Some suggested responsibility bearers may be Plant Manager, Head-MAINTENANCE, Head-QC, Head- E&I, Head-OPERATION, Head-HSE, etc.

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INCIDENT IDENTIFIER The person who is noticing an incident is called “Incident Identifier”. After noticing the incident he has to take the following action immediately. 1. In case of major incident, to inform the shift in charge about the incident. While informing, he has to tell his,

Name: ------Location: ------And nature of Incidents likes Fire, Solvent leakage and Gas leak, etc. 2. Shout about the Incident like “Fire! Fire or “Leak! Leak” to gather people for help.

SHIFT IN CHARGE /MANAGER After receiving the information from Incident Identifier, the following are the action to be taken by Shift in Charge or Manager of the particular location: 1. Assess the situation and inform the Works controller. 2. Try to evacuate the people in that area including contract workers. 3. Act as the incident controller till works controller reaches the spot. 4. After handing over the charge to works controller, he should take the lead of controlling the situation with the available resource.

Note: In the absence of shift in charge the next responsible person should act as shift in charge.

CHIEF CONTROLLER The following are the roles and responsibility of Chief controller during an emergency: 1. After receiving the communication about the emergency he should reach the emergency control centre and take the control actions to control the overall incident. 2. Keep communicating to works controller about the action to be taken to control the emergency either directly or through internal communication team. 3. Send the required team to the emergency site to attend the emergency as per the requirement of works controller. 4. Inform external agencies like fire brigade, ambulance or other vehicles through coordinator for liaison team. 5. Arranging additional protective equipment through mutual help scheme through liaison coordinator. 6. Instruct security department to close the gate and stop loading and unloading activities inside the plant and move the vehicles to safe location. 7. Keep informs higher authorities either through liaison coordinator or by himself. Keep inform to kith and skin of the affected victims through liaison coordinator.

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8. Keep informs all the necessary statutory authorities through liaison coordinator. 9. Keep inform to respective hospitals for arranging treatment for victims through liaison coordinator. 10. Instruct liaison coordinator to receive press and media and keep them in conference hall.

WORKS CONTROLLER After receiving the communication from incident controller and ensuring the incident to be a major one, he has to report to the chief controller about the incident and ask him to declare an emergency. 1. Arrange for the evacuation of the people. 2. Instruct shift in charges of respective plant and adjacent plant to stop the operation if needed. 3. Instruct electrical department to isolate the power. 4. Guiding the people to control and content incident. 5. Directing the team leader to take action according to their responsibility. 6. Communicating various actions taken to control the incident to Chief controller either directly by phone or through internal communication coordinator. 7. Informing to Chief controller about the external help as per mutual agreement. 8. Informing to Chief controller about help of external fire brigades. 9. Instruct environmental team to contain the effluent water without getting mixed with storm water gutter. 10. Instruct safety and firefighting team to use right type of extinguishers and use hydrant system for fighting fire. 11. Instruct safety and firefighting team to supply sufficient numbers of personal protective equipment to meet the emergency.

LIAISON TEAM Immediately after receiving the communication about emergency, he should reach the emergency control centre and act as follows: 1. Carefully receive the instruction from Chief controller and act accordingly. 2. Instruct security to regularize the manpower at the assembling point. 3. Instruct security to close the gate and restrict unwanted movement. 4. Inform kith and skin of the affected victim as per the instruction of Chief controller.

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5. Receive representative from Press and Media and ask them to stay in conference hall and inform to chief controller. 6. Inform all the statutory authorities as per the instruction from Chief controller. 7. Arrange additional transport including ambulance as per the instruction of Chief Controller. 8. Arranging food and other facilities for emergency team members and others. 9. Keep informed hospital authorities for necessary arrangements for treating the victims. 10. Make way for moving ambulance. 11. Instruct security guards to move lorry/ tankers to safe location. 12. Instruct security guards to evacuate contractor workers available inside the plant to assembling Point I or II depending upon the wind direction. 13. Receive statutory authorities and inform to chief controller.

FIRE AND SAFETY TEAM After receiving the communication about the emergency, he should reach the Emergency control centre along with Fire Squad and Fire Guards and report to the chief controller and act as follows: 1. Try to extinguish the fire using suitable type of fire extinguishers or fire hydrant system or foam (AFFF) depending upon the material involved. 2. Instruct fire guard to barricade the area. 3. Ensure supply of necessary personal protective equipment and inform works controller to get additional equipment as per the mutual scheme. 4. In case of leakage of chemicals, instruct people to contain the leakage by provide barricade using sand without mixing into storm water gutter by using necessary personal protective equipment. 5. Helping first aid team to shift the victims. 6. Instruct one of the fire squad to ensure fire water pump is running.

7. Inform different action taken to control the emergency to works controller.

8. Note: In the absence of Head safety, the person next to him will act as the coordinator.

FIRST AID TEAM

After receiving the communication about the emergency, he should reach the Emergency control centre along with first aid team and report to the Chief controller and act as follows:

1. Organize the first aid team and arrange first aid treatment to the affected persons.

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2. To arrange for immediate medical attention.

3. After getting head count details search for missing person.

4. Coordinate with Liaison coordinator for transporting the victims to the hospital.

5. To arrange for required medicines.

ENVIRONMENT TEAM

After receiving information about the emergency, he should reach the spot of emergency along with his team and report to chief controller and take the following action.

1. Contain the effluent generated during emergency and divert it to ETP without getting mixing up with storm water.

2. Monitor the surrounding area and inform to works controller in case of any deviation.

3. Mobilize suitable neutralizing agent through raw material stores.

4. Ensure ETP collection tank is empty.

Note: In the absence of Head environment, the person next to him will act as the coordinator.

INTERNAL COMMUNICATION TEAM

After receiving the communication about the emergency, he should reach the spot of emergency and report to Incident controller and act as follows:

1. Communicate the information given by Chief controller then and there to works controller by nearby intercom or by person and vice a versa

2. Make all the necessary arrangements for communication system in case of failure of any system Note: In the absence of Head Instrumentation, the person next to him will act as the internal communication team coordinator.

TASK FORCE TEAM

After receiving the communication about the emergency, he should reach the spot of emergency and report to Incident controller and act as follows:

1. Ensure evacuation of peoples and inform to Works controller.

2. Inform chief controller about the stoppage of loading and unloading of lorry tanker and safe parking the same.

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3. Helping other teams like First aid and Liaison for arranging infrastructure for shifting victims.

4. Arranging critical equipment as per the instruction of chief/works controller.

5. Use appropriate personal protective equipment and arrange for transferring of chemicals either into spare tank or suitable container.

6. Action to be taken for arranging sufficient number of barrels for transferring of chemicals. Use appropriate personal protective equipment and arrests the leak.

7. Communicating works/chief controller about the additional facility needed for controlling either Toxic chemical leak or Gas leak.

8. Cut off the power as per the instruction of works Controller.

9. Ensure running condition of the DG.

Note: In the absence of Head Maintenance, the person next to him will act as coordinator.

7.6.4.4. EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION FACILITY

The effective communication is must to alert both people and emergency action teams to take action in controlling emergency in a stipulated time.

The following are the communication system, limited to communicating emergency situation, may be considered:

1. Siren System for common evacuation.

2. Siren system for Toxic release.

3. Public Announcement System.

4. Local alarm for fire.

5. Megaphone

6. Walkie Talkie

SIREN SYSTEM

The following are the two different types of siren used for communicating emergency.

 Wailing siren.

I. Wailing siren is used for declaring emergency. This is the type of siren having high and low frequency for the duration of 90 seconds. 236

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 Continuous siren.

II. This is the type of siren used for declaring all clear about the emergency. This is the continuous siren of high frequency for a period of 90 seconds.

 “Beep” sound for Toxic gas release.

PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENT SYSTEM

The Public Announcement System via megaphone, etc., is provided for the effective communication about the Nature of emergency and its location so as to mobilize the individuals and action team to take timely action to control emergency without damaging men, property and environment.

This system is also used for communicating to the general public in the surroundings, about the emergency and various actions taken to control.

DECLARATION OF EMERGENCY

Both emergency siren and announcement will be operated from emergency control centre.

After receiving the information about emergency, the Security who is available in emergency control centre will note down,

1. Name of the person intimated about emergency.

2. Nature of Incident.

3. Location.

After getting the instruction from chief controller, he actuates the wiling Siren for around 90 Seconds followed by Announcement given by using public announcement system and inform about the Nature of emergency and location.

DECLARATION OF ALL CLEAR

After controlling an emergency, based on the environment team report, works controller will inform Chief controller to declare all clear siren to allow people to resume their jobs. Based on the report from both works controller and Head count from HR, chief controller will instruct emergency control centre operator to declare “All Clear” using both siren and public announcement.

The security guard will actuate the “All Clear” siren of continuous high frequency for 90 Seconds and then inform through public announcement system stating” Emergency is cleared! All should resume their work”.

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7.7 OFFSITE EMERGENCY PLAN

7.7.1. PREAMBLE

An offsite emergency, arising out of chemical hazards is one which has potential to cause serious damage or loss of life beyond the plant boundary. In addition, Accidents during transportation of hazardous chemicals by road, rail, pipeline etc, can cause offsite emergencies. Emergency services such as Police, Fire, Medical etc., need to be prepared to handle such situations promptly and effectively. It is mandatory under Rule 16 of the Hazardous Chemical Rules for District authorities to prepare an off-site emergency plan in respect of clusters of hazardous chemical industries or at locations where accidents are likely to have an off-site adverse effect. In order to be in a state of preparedness to respond to the accidents and minimize their adverse impacts on the offsite population, requires an offsite emergency plan to be prepared by the District Controller for every District or Industrial Areas as applicable.

7.7.2. OBJECTIVE

The objective of the present assignment is to prepare an area specific Offsite Emergency Action Plan for the district which can be practically implemented / activated at a short notice to ensure minimal impact on life and property due to emergencies arising out of Chemical Accidents or during Transportation of Hazardous Chemicals in the district.

The plan should be regularly updated when there are changes occurring in the Industrial set up, Transportation Aspects, Key Manpower and Administrative Changes etc., Regular drills, Training of key persons, increasing safety awareness etc is extremely important areas that must be looked into for sound preparedness.

7.7.3. OFFSITE EMERGENCY CONTROL

After the “Bhopal Gas Tragedy” (Methyl Isocyanides- MIC Poisonous and toxic gas release Accident at Union Carbide, 1984) the Government felt an immediate need to be more conscious about handling of Hazardous Chemicals. Central control room Centre or Offsite Industrial Emergency Control Room “OIECR” should be established by company. It should work under the Governing Council. The Governing Council should be headed under the chairmanship by District Collector & Magistrate.

The Governing Council Members are the permanent Ex. Officio Members to manage the affairs of the Emergency Control Room.

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7.7.4. EMERGENCY INSTRUCTION TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC

The Notification of Emergency

The emergency can be declared by following media to alert or alarm the public;

 Public address system  Blow horns/Bells  Sirens / Hooters  Telephone message / Fax Messages / Hot lines/ Pager / E-mail / Mobile Phone / Satellite system.  Sending messages through a messenger.  Rushing personally to the Central Control Room or to the nearest Police Department or Fire Department for declaration of emergency.  Rising of Flag for denoting the level of natural calamities.  By any other source by which information can reach to the public in time.

CATEGORY OF ALARM SYSTEMS

The following alarm system may be considered which will identify the various levels of emergency.

FIRST LEVEL WARNING (FIRE ALARM)

 For an accident / incident within the unit  Siren – Short, intermittent

SECOND LEVEL WARNING

 When the District Authority receives information that a toxic or flammable gas has leaked then the siren has to be sounded in order to facilitate early evacuations from the unit.  Siren – A wailing short and long intermittent siren notification of emergency.

THIRD LEVEL WARNING (ALL CLEAR)

When the District Authority considers that the accident / incident is under control, emergency is withdrawing and it is safe for re-entry.

Siren – A wailing, long and continues, intermittent siren.

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FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

In order to tackle great risk of fire explosion, spillage of hazardous liquid or release of toxic gases, firefighting system should be mobilized under chief fire officer. The operational response will be coordinated from the Central Control Room.

GENERAL INSTRUCTION TO THE PUBLIC

A major emergency may affect areas outside the worksite. The surrounding public must be alerted with public address system by Police or Government Authorities or nearby industrial concerns. The siren must blow to indicate the emergency situation aroused.

The type of emergency aroused, must be communicated via telecommunication sources (Television, Radio, etc). The public may accordingly take prompt action to protect them-selves in their then location or rush to the safe shelters, as instructed by the authority.

Public action must be to investigate the type of emergency aroused.

 Fire  Explosion  Gas Leakage / Release  Collapse of Building, Bursting of Vessel etc.  Natural Calamities.

If gas leakage emergency aroused, ascertain probability of gas whether flammable, toxic or poisonous. The following actions are suggested as per prevailing situation: Otherwise follow the instruction as issued by the authority.

FLAMMABLE GAS:

 Be calm.  Do not light Cigarette etc.  Shut down open flame, gas and electrical instruments or any source of ignition.  Do not move any vehicle in the area.  Do not go near the incident & don’t allow anyone else either.  Shut down the windows, doors etc & seal open ground or terrace.  Follow the instruction as directed by the authority.

TOXIC POISONOUS GAS

 Cover your nose with wet hand kerchief/ cloth and breathe through it.  Come out in open, check the wind direction and move away quickly in perpendicular direction of wind. (Cross wind direction).

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 Immediately try to get to a higher elevation, if gas is heavier than air (like chlorine, as it settles in low lying area).  Follow the instruction and reach safe shelter as instructed notified by Government Authority or Public authority.

GENERAL INSTRUCTION:

DON’T

1. Do not get panicky, be calm.

2. Do not approach the site of incident as a spectator.

3. Does not approach unnecessarily for information or more enquires.

4. Do not allow unnecessarily crowd nearby incident place.

5. Do not believe in rumours unnecessarily.

DO’S

1. Listen radio, TV or Public Addressing System.

2. Emergency will be communicated by public addressing system / TV / Radio or siren (Siren- code wailing sound for one minute).

3. Follow the instruction & convey to others accordingly.

4. On announcement of withdrawal of emergency or clearance Siren, start your routine work.

5. On enquiry, deposit your statement as required by authority at the time of investigating the incident.

6. Co-operate, help and assist the person(s) / authority handling the emergency and rescue operation.

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7.7.5. SECURITY & POLICE

Security, protection of life & property and traffic control & maintenance of law and order should be taken care of by police. During an emergency duties and responsibilities of the police may be:

 Cordoning of the incident area.  Warning public about the hazards.  Traffic Control Assist firefighting.  Services Assist first-aid medical teams.  Assist evacuation and ensure protection of property in evacuated areas.

BEFORE THE CRISIS

Proper planning of manpower, transport and communication network to coordinate possible incident areas and regulation of traffic should be made for each industry in the area.

DURING THE CRISIS

The Security Commander of the area will set in motion the relevant contingency plan to control the operation.

AFTER THE CRISIS

Protect property in the evacuated area.

MEDIA

The Control Room should release up-to-date information through the media to the people.

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7.8OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARD AND SAFETY PROGRAM FOR THE PROJECT Occupational Health is eventually a branch of preventive medicine which examines the relationship between work and health and effects of work on the health of the worker. Occupational health service is operated to achieve the statutory declared aim of occupational health by medical and technical measures. Its role is mainly preventive and to give first aid and emergency treatment. It is certainly useful in early detection of any occupational or non- occupational disease or any man-adjustment of the man-job relationship.

7.8.1OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROGRAM: 1. Medical examinations: Pre-employment, periodic and others 2. Supervision of the working environment industrial hygiene, safety, job analysis and adaptation of the job to the worker in good working conditions. 3. Advice to management and worker. 4. Health education and training. 5. Health statistics. 6. Medical treatment-first aid, emergency and ambulatory treatment. 7. Health counseling-individual. 8. Nutrition. 9. Research in occupational health. 10. Co-operation with other services in the undertaking. 11. Collaboration with external services. Other purposes of industrial medical services are: I) Identifying the Hazards II) Preventing or minimizing the Hazards III) Curative treatment in case of exposure IV) Determining the Compensation for damages

The working personnel shall be given the following appropriate personnel protective equipments .

 Industrial Safety Helmet;  Face shield  Welders equipment for eye and face protection;  Ear muffs;  Self contained breathing apparatus;  Leather apron;  Aluminized fiber glass fix proximity suit with hood and gloves;  Boiler suit;  Safety belt/line man's safety belt;  Leather hand gloves; 243

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 Acid/Alkali proof rubberized hand gloves;  Canvas cum leather hand gloves with leather palm;  Electrically tested electrical resistance hand gloves; and  Industrial safety shoes with steel toe.

EXPECTED OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS & SAFETY  Physical Hazards: Noise, Heat, Dust  Chemical Hazards: Corrosive, Toxic Substances, Irritants, Carcinogens, Chemical emissions  Psychological hazards resulting from stress and strain  Hazards associated with the non-application of ergonomic principles, for example badly designed machinery, mechanical devices and tools used by workers, improper seating and workstation design, or poorly designed work practices

7.8.2PERIODIC MEDICAL EXAMINATION

It is proposed that client will ensure that… (1) Workers employed shall be medically examined by a qualified medical practitioner/Factory Medical Officer, in the following manner: (a) Once in a period of 6 months, to ascertain physical fitness of the person to do the Particular job; (b) Once in a period of 6 months, to ascertain the health status of all the workers inrespect of occupational health hazards to which they are exposed and in caseswhere in the opinion of the Factory Medical Officer it is necessary to do so at ashorter interval in respect of any workers; (c) In periodic and pre-medical examinations, various parameters will be checked. Viz.,LIVER FUNCRION TESTS, Chest X-rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far& Near vision, color vision and any other ocular defect) ECG and other parametersas will be found necessary as per the opinion of Factory Medical officer.

(2) No person shall be employed for the first time without a certificate of granted by the Factory Medical Officer.

7.8.3 EMP FOR THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH HAZARDS SO THAT SUCH EXPOSURE CAN BE KEPT WITHIN PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LEVEL (PEL)/THRESHOLD LEVEL VALUE (TLV) SO AS TO PROTECT HEALTH OF WORKERS. Mitigation Measures for OSH: It is proposed to formulate and implement a structure for Occupational Safety and Health with following aims…  To keep air-borne concentration of toxic and hazardous chemicals below PEL and TLV.

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 Protect general health of workers likely to be exposed to such chemicals  Providing training, guidelines, resources and facilities to concerned department for occupational health hazards.  It is proposed that this EMP be formulated on the guidelines issued by Bureau of Indian Standards on OH&S Management Systems: IS 18001:2000 Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems  Proposed EMP will be incorporated in Standard Operating Procedure also. The proposed EMP will also include measure to keep air-born concentration of toxic and hazardous chemicals below its PEL and TLV, like… – Leak Surveys – Separate storage for toxic chemicals – Exhaust Ventilation – Proper illumination – Close processes to avoid spills and exposures – Automation of process operations to hazards of manual handling of chemicals – Supply of proper PPEs like Air mask, Berating canisters, SCBA sets, On-line breathing apparatus at the places where there is possibility of presence of toxic chemicals – Decontamination procedure for empty drums and carboys. – Regular maintenance program for pumps, equipment, instruments handling toxic and corrosive chemicals – Training to persons handling toxic and corrosive chemicals

7.8.4 ARRANGEMENTS FOR ENSURING HEALTH & SAFETY OF WORKERS ENGAGED IN HANDLING OF TOXIC MATERIALS  The top management is committed towards safety & employees’ well-being is the numerous no and safety always takes precedence over production.  Each and every process will be assessed with safety tools like HAZOP, JSA, PSSR, JRA etc.  Emergency Response Team will be formed and mock drills will be conducted regularly.  Appropriate engineering controls will be provided to prevent any mishap.  Scheduled preventive maintenance will be carried out in the plant including that of safety equipment.

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 Standard Operating Procedures will be provided to workers to ensure that all the work is done in a safe manner.  Signage’s will be provided wherever required, instructing them to use PPEs and other safety equipment.  MSDS will be displayed at strategic locations. PPE matrix, Brief SOPs and chemical compatibility charts shall be displayed at prominent locations.  Contract workmen will be imparted induction training, Safety training on process and Health & safety awareness on a regular basis.  Well established permit to work system will be in place.  All incidents including near misses will be investigated and learning’s will be shared with all relevant personals.  All employees will undergo pre employment& periodical medical check-up ensuring their well-being.  Workplace monitoring will be carried out to ensure there will no adverse health effect on workers.

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7.8.5 WORKPLACE MONITORING PLAN  It is proposed that a Workplace Monitoring Plan to be prepared & implemented in consultation with FMO and industrial hygienists.  Each workplace must be evaluated to identify potential hazards from toxic substances or harmful physical agents. Air-borne concentration of toxic chemicals will be measured and record will be kept.  The current state-of-the-art exposure measurement model is as follows: For purposes of measuring worker exposure across a single shift it is sufficient to place a reasonably accurate exposure measuring device on the worker, within the worker’s breathing zone, and have it operate for nearly the full shift. Client will propose to study the exposure data when the plant is operative.  Permanent changes to workplace procedures or work location to be done if it is found necessary on the basis of findings from workplace Monitoring Plan.

7.8.6 HEALTH EVALUATION OF WORKERS It is proposed that management will devise a plan to check and evaluate the exposure specific health status evaluation of workers. M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD is committed towards the Health and Safety of workers and provided a facility of pre-medical and regular medical check-up of employees for detecting any kind of adverse effect on the health of employee due to the chemical or work place condition and will provide opportunity to improve the working condition. The workers exposed to fugitive emission will be provided with some protective devices like dust mask to prevent respiratory disorders. The workers exposed to higher noise level will be provided with ear muffs/ ear plugs. The protective devices will be provided to the employees who are exposed to any kind of hazard. Proper handling of the materials and the maintenance of Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) will be followed to ensure safety within the plant area. A regular monitoring of the Occupational Health and Safety will reduce the chances of accidents hence all the records of job related accidents and illness shall be maintained as per the requirements of factory act. Workers will be checked for physical fitness with special reference to the possible health hazards likely to be presented where he/she is being expected to work before being employed for that purpose. Basic examinations like Liver Function tests, chest x ray, Audiometry, Spirometry Vision testing (Far & Near vision, color vision and any other ocular defect) ECG, etc. will be carried out.

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However, the parameters and frequency of such examination will be decided in consultation with Factory Medical Officer and Industrial Hygienists.

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7.9 SAFETY PLAN Safety of both men and materials during construction and operation phases is of concern. Safety plan shall be prepared and implemented in the proposed project activity. The preparedness of an industry for the occurrence of possible disasters is known as emergency plan. The disaster in the plant is possible due to collapse of structures and fire/explosion etc.

 The proposed project would formulate safety policy keeping in view the safety requirement during construction, operation, maintenance phases, with the following regulations:  To allocate sufficient resources to maintain safe and healthy conditions of work;  To take steps to ensure that all known safety factors are taken into account in the design, construction, operation and maintenance of plants, machinery and equipment;  To ensure that adequate safety instructions are given to all employees;  To provide wherever necessary protective equipment, safety appliances and clothing and to ensure their proper use;  To inform employees about materials, equipment or processes used in their work which are known to be potentially hazardous to health or safety;  To keep all operations and methods of work under regular review for making necessary changes from the point of view of safety in the light of experience and up to date knowledge;  To provide appropriate facilities for first aid and prompt treatment of injuries and illness at work;  To provide appropriate instruction, training, retraining and supervision to employees in health and safety, first aid and to ensure that adequate publicity is given to these matters;  To ensure proper implementation of fire prevention methods and an appropriate fire fighting service together with training facilities for personnel involved in this service;  To organize collection, analysis and presentation of data on accident, sickness and incident involving people injury or injury to health with a view to taking corrective, remedial and preventive action;  To promote through the established machinery, joint consultation in health and safety matters to ensure effective participation by all employees;  To publish/notify regulations, instructions and notices in the common language of employees; 249

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 To prepare separate safety rules for each type of occupation/processes involved in a plant; and  To ensure regular safety inspection by a competent person at suitable intervals of all buildings, equipments, work places and operations.

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7.10 SAFETY ORGANIZATION CONSTRUCTION AND ERECTION PHASE A qualified and experienced safety officer shall be appointed. The responsibilities of the safety officer include identification of the hazardous conditions and unsafe acts of workers and advice on corrective actions, conduct safety audit, organize training programs and provide professional expert advice on various issues related to occupational safety and health. He is also responsible to ensure compliance of Safety Rules/ Statutory Provisions.

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PHASE When the construction is completed the posting of safety officers shall be in accordance with the requirement of Factories Act and their duties and responsibilities shall be as defined thereof.

7.11 SAFETY CIRCLE In order to fully develop the capabilities of the employees in identification of hazardous processes and improving safety and health, safety circles would be constituted in each area of work. The circle would consist of about five to six employees from that area. The circle normally shall meet for about an hour every week.

7.12 SAFETY TRAINING Safety training shall be provided by the Safety Officers with the assistance of faculty members called from Professional Safety Institutions and Universities. In addition to regular employees, limited contractor labors shall also be provided safety training. To create safety awareness safety films shall be shown to workers and leaflets shall be distributed. Some precautions and remedial measures proposed to be adopted to prevent fires are:  Compartmentalization of cable galleries, use of proper sealing techniques of cable passages and crevices in all directions would help in localizing and identifying the area of occurrence of fire as well as ensure effective automatic and manual fire fighting operations;

 Spread of fire in horizontal direction would be checked by providing fire stops for cable shafts;

 Reliable and dependable type of fire detection system with proper zoning and interlocks for alarms are effective protection methods for conveyor galleries; 251

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 Housekeeping of high standard helps in eliminating the causes of fire and regular fire watching system strengthens fire prevention and fire fighting; and

 Proper fire watching by all concerned would be ensured.

7.13 HEALTH AND SAFETY MONITORING PLAN The health of all employees shall be periodically monitored for early detection of any ailment due to exposure to heat and noise.

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7.14 TRAINING, REHERASAL & RECORDS 7.14.1 NEED OF TRAINNING & REHEARASAL Training is important in order to –  Teach worker’s how to handle chemicals safely, how to act as a runner/messenger, how to use PPE, how to start and shut down the plant, how to carry out emergency repairs etc.  Teach one to be a safe and alert worker. Rehearsal is essential for -  Explaining and making key personnel and essential workers aware of their role in case of an emergency.  Testing the emergency procedure, emergency arrangements and ability of all involved with it to grasp the procedure and implement the same.  Testing the effectiveness of communication system including thealternative arrangement in case of failure.  Testing the speed of mobilization of resources, search, rescue andtreatment of casualties, emergency isolation and shut down.  Detecting the shortcomings in the emergency plan and incorporating remedial measures.  Allowing professional emergency services to test their parts of the plan and testing co- ordination.  Building confidence in workers which is helpful in facing real situations. Training shall be given to regular employees and contract personnel also. Effective and latest teaching aids will be used to train workers and supervisory staff. Such training courses shall be conducted once in a year and co-ordination with offsite personnel shall be sought during such training. Records will be maintained for training.

7.14.2 RECORDS AND UPDATING THE PLAN All records of On-Site and Off-Site Emergency Plan and modifications by experience and suggestion, the rehearsals and conclusions of such plans and the enquiries shall be well maintained and preserved. The necessary data bank shall be also maintained for the utility of industries and others. New information and the deficiencies identified during the rehearsal is reviewed and incorporated in the document for continual updating of the plan and such information shall be communicated to the concerned authorities. 253

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7.15 CHECKLIST IN THE FORM OF DO’S & DON’TS OF PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE, STRENGTHENING OF HSE, MANUFACTURING UTILITY STAFF FOR SAFETY RELATED MEASURES. Do’s:  Store used oil at proper place as per plant guidelines.  Use lubricating oil carefully to avoid spillage on ground.  Use lubricating oil as per requirement.  Use minimum amount of water wherever it is required as per plant guidelines.  Waste disposal system for all plants should be separate.  Avoid spillage of liquid, hand gloves, cotton waste on road, which will cause pollution. Recycle or dispose that material.  Use cleaning equipment carefully. (i.e. cotton waste, oil & chemicals)  Place all the equipments (i.e. Fire Hose, Rubber Pipe and Chisel) at proper place.  Handling of chemicals should be as per plant guidelines to avoid undesired chemical reaction.  Safety training and correct use of PPE’s must for all the employees.  Environment guidelines should follow during cleaning of vessels, Tank, channels etc.  Follow shift in charge’s instructions during loading or unloading of chemicals.  In case of fire or any accident, immediately inform responsible person.  In case of emergency, inform operator as well as control room.  Area of work during excavation, radiography, sand blasting shall be cordoned with warning tags of "work in progress”, “no entry”, “radiography” in progress' etc.  Switch off lights and computers when not in use.  Shut the water cock properly when not in use.  Always follow safety rule during the plant operation.

Do’s during shut down:

 All equipment, vessels, lines where hot work is envisaged shall be purged, flushed thoroughly and positively isolated. Similar precautions should be taken for vessel entry also.  Back flow of materials from sewers, drains should be avoided by proper isolations.

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 In case of confined space entry and other cleaning jobs etc. which are to be carried out by the process department, vessel entry permit should be issued to immediate supervising officer/operator by shift in charge. This permit should be renewed by incoming shift in charge during every shift.  Hoist, Platform, cages used for lifting persons or to send persons inside vessels by such means must be of sound construction with wire ropes slings, etc. to avoid failure.  All steam, condensate, hot water connections should be made tight with clamps.  Nitrogen hazard should be kept in mind. All nitrogen sources should be positively isolated from vessels/confined spaces to avoid oxygen deficiency where vessel entry is required.  All nitrogen hoses used for purging before vessel entry should be removed from source/utility point.  All underground sewers shall be flushed, protected from sparks.  Full PPEs like PVC suits, gum boots, face shield & other required shall be used while draining, flushing and other reclaiming activities to avoid burn, poisoning etc.  Wet asbestos cloth/metallic plate should be used to collect flying sparks.  Water, steam flushing, nitrogen blanketing shall be continued where spontaneous combustion takes place. Precautions should be taken for pyrophoric nature of material.  Temporary electrical connections, cords, boards and other electrical fixtures should be of sound material to prevent electrical shock.  Oil spillage in the pit of oil slope tank should be cleaned with water/sand.  Proper approach like aluminum ladder should be provided to reach to the platforms of scaffolding and ladder must be tied.  All clumps of scaffolding should be tightened properly and planks should be tied at both ends and supported at proper distances along span to avoid sagging and failure.  Always use safety belt while working at height of more than 2 meters and ensure tieing the life line of safety belt with firm support.  Ensure area cordoning for hot work, X-ray, excavation, hazard material temporary storage.  Ensure proper tagging of valves, switches etc to prevent its use.  Ensure proper guidance to workman and make him aware about local area hazards before start of the job.  All welding machines should be provided with power isolation switch of suitable rating.

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 Portable electrical appliances/tools earthing should be in good working condition. Insulation portion should be free from damages.  All electrical cables should be joints free and connection taken by using three pin plugs.  While inserting fuse all care should be taken so that no one touches conductor to avoid the shock to the persons.  During hydro jetting work workers should wear hand gloves, safety helmet goggles and PVC suit.

Don’ts:  Do not use fire hydrant water for washing/bath purpose.  Do not use water for cleaning purpose, use broomstick if possible.  Do not wash or clean trolley, tractor or trucks which are used for chemical/fertilizer’s transportation. Wash them at proper place.  Smoking & carrying matchbox, cigarettes, lighter, bidis etc. are prohibited.  Photography & carrying cameras/Mobile phones are strictly prohibited in all areas.  Do not spill liquid or chemicals in open atmosphere.  The use of Radio Active Source within the plant shall not be allowed without obtaining valid permission/work permit and intimation in the form of a circular to all plant persons shall be given in advance.  Unauthorized entry into any battery limit of plant is strictly prohibited.  Sitting or walking on rail tracks, crossing between wagons, taking rest under stabled wagons, crossing the rail through the openings underneath the stationary wagons are strictly prohibited. Don’ts during shut down:  Do not use gasket or other blinds as it can fail during job. All blinds should be metallic.  No toxic/corrosive/irritating materials should remain plants or sections where hot work is to be carried out.  No hot work should be permitted in battery limits near sewers till areas have been cleaned flushed properly.  No hot work irrespective of place of area shall be done without valid permit.  No combustible material shall be there in flare line for taking up of flare line job. Isolations shall be ensured. 256

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7.16 PROCESS SAFETY  Safety measures will be adopted from the design stage.  Safety Valve and pressure gauge will be provided on reactor and its jacket (if jacket is provided).  Utility like Chilling, cooling, vacuum, steaming and its alternative will be provided to control reaction parameters in a safe manner.  Free Fall of any flammable material in the vessel will be avoided.  Static earthing provision will be made at design stage to all solvent handling equipments, reactors, vessels & powder handling equipments.  Any reaction upsets will be confined to the reaction vessel itself.  All emergency valves and switches and emergency handling facilities will be easily assessable.  Further all the vessels will be examined periodically by a recognized competent person under the Gujarat Factory Rules.  All the vessels and equipments will be earthed appropriately and protected against Static Electricity. Also for draining in drums proper earthing facilities will be provided.  Materials will be transferred by pumping through pipeline or by vacuum from drums.  All solvents and flammable material storage tanks will be stored away from the process plant and required quantity of material will be charge in reactor by pump or by N2 pressure transfer.  Jumpers will be provided on all solvent handling pipeline flanges.  Caution note, safety posters, stickers, periodic training &Updation in safety and emergency preparedness plan will be displayed and conducted.  Flame proof light fittings will be installed in the plant.  All the Plant Personnel will be provided with Personal Protection  Equipments to protect against any adverse health effect during operations, leakage, spillages or splash. PPE like Helmets, Safety Shoes, Safety  Glasses, Acid-Alkali Proof Gloves etc. will be provided to the employees.  All employees will be given and updated in Safety aspects through periodic training in safety.

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 Material Safety Data Sheets of Raw Materials & Products will be readily available that the shop floor

7.16.1 FOR HAZARDOUS STORAGE FARM  Farm will be constructed as per explosive department requirement and separation distance will be maintained.  Tanks shall be located and marked in designated area of hazardous chemical storage.  Static earthing provision will be made for road tanker as well as storage tank.  Tanks of proper MOC will be selected.  Flame arrestor with breather valve will be provided on vent line.  Road tanker unloading procedure will be prepared and implemented.  Fire load calculation will be done and as per fire load Hydrant System will be provided as per NFPA std. and Fire extinguishers will be provided as per fire load calculation.  Spark arrestor will be provided to all vehicles in side premises.  Flame proof type equipments and lighting will be provided.  Lightening arrestor will be provided on the top of chimney.  Trained and experience operator will be employed for tank farm area.  NFPA label (hazard identification) capacity and content will be displayed on storage tank.  Solvents will be transferred by pump only in plant area and day tank will be provided. Overflow line will be return to the storage tank or Pump On-Off switch will be provided near day tank in plant.  Jumpers will be provided on solvent handling pipe line flanges.  Flexible SS hose will be used for road tanker unloading purpose and other temperature connection.  All tanks shall be uniformly tagged.  Level indicator shall be provided in tanks.  Dyke will be provided.  Industrial type electric fittings shall be provided.  Adequate fire fightingequipments will be provided.  Anti corrosive paint shall be done.  Safety instruction board will be displayed.

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7.16.2 TRANSPORTATION  Road tanker unloading procedure will be in place and will be implemented for safe unloading of road tanker.  Static earthing provision will be made for tanker unloading.  Earthed Flexible Steel hose will be used for solvent unloading from the road tanker.  Fixed pipelines with pumps will be provided for solvent transfer up to Day tanks/reactors.  Double mechanical seal type pumps will be installed.  NRV provision will be made on all pump discharge line.

7.16.3 FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM FIRE AND TOXICITY CONTROL ARRANGEMENT 1. Necessary equipment and facilities for controlling fire and toxicity like fire extinguisher, hydrant system, foam storage, Safety shower and Self Contained Breathing Apparatus will be provided as per Section 38 (1) in The Factories Act, 1948 2. Emergency siren for emergency declaration. 3. Safe means of escape for all persons in the event of a fire and toxicity 4. Emergency siren for emergency declaration. 5. Types of Portable Fire Extinguishers as below:

Sr.No. Type of Fire-Extinguisher Capacity 1 DCP Type F.E. 05 Kg / 10 Kg

2 CO 2 Type F.E 4.5 Kg / 22.5 Kg 3 Mechanical Foam 9.0 Liter / 50 Liter 4 ABC Type F.E. 01 Kg / 05 Kg

6. Fire Blankets. 7. Safety interlocking systems with production equipments. And Flammable chemical unloading,

FIRE ALARM 200 V AC operated fire alarm, with manual call points shall be provided in plant call points location to start, activate alarm, siren shall be indicated in site plant provided in ECC, control rooms and OHC. Zone indication is received at main gate. To identify problem area and communicate to main gate security officer, coordinate with OHC / fire station, to organize help to respective zones with ambulance and fire tender.

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Fire Hydrant System:

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7.17 HAZOP STUDY 7.17.1 OBJECTIVE For identifying cause and the consequences of perceived mal operations of equipment and associated operator interfaces in the context of the complete system. It accommodates the status of recognized design standards and codes of practice but rightly questions there levance of these in specific circumstances where hazards may remain undetected.

7.17.2 PURPOSE OF HAZOP It emphasizes upon the operating integrity of a system, thereby leading methodically to most potential and detectable deviations which could conceivably arise in the course of normal operating routine - including "start-up” and "shut-down" procedures - As well as steady-state operations. It is important to remember at all times that HAZOP is an identifying technique and not intended as a means of solving problems nor is the method intended to be used solely as an undisciplined means of searching for hazardous scenarios.

7.17.3 FEATURES OF HAZOP STUDY Subsystems of interest line and valve, etc Equipment, Vessels Modes of operation Normal operation Start -up mode Shutdown mode Maintenance /construction / inspection mode Trigger events Human failure Equipment /instrument/component failure Supply failure Emergency environment event Other causes of abnormal operation, including instrument disturbance Effects within plant Changes in chemical conditions Changes in inventory Change in chemical physical conditions Hazardous conditions Release of material Changes in material hazard characteristics Operating limit reached Energy source exposed etc. Corrective actions Change of process design Change of operating limits Change of system reliability Improvement of material containment Change control system Add/remove materials 261

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How would hazardous during normal operation Conditions detected? Upon human failure Upon component failure In other circumstances Contingency actions Improve isolation Improve protection

7.17.4 HAZOP STUDY PROCEDURE • Procedure in HAZOP study consists of examining the process and instrumentation (P&I) line diagram, process line by process line. • A list of guide words is used to generate deviations from normal operation corresponding to all conceivable possibilities. • Guide words covering every parameter relevant to the system under review i.e. flow rate and quality, pressure, temperature, viscosity, components etc. • Flowchart for application of HAZOP is shown in figure.

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HAZOP STUDY FLOW CHART

GUIDE WORDS

NONE No forward flow when there should be MORE More of any parameter than there should be, e.g. more flow, more pressure, more temperature, etc. LESS As above, but "less of" in each instance PART System composition difference from what it should be MORE THAN More "components" present than there should be for example, extra phase, impurities OTHER What needs to happen other than normal operation, e.g . start up, shutdown, maintenance? NONE e.g ., NO FLOW caused by blockage; pump failure; valve closed or jammed: leak: valve open; suction vessel empty; delivery side over - pressurized: vapor lock; control failure

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REVERSE e.g ., REVERSE FLOW caused by pump failure: NRV failure or wrongly inserted; wrong routing; delivery over pressured; back- siphoning; pump reversed MORE OF e.g ., MORE FLOW caused by reduced delivery head ; surging ; suction pressurized ; controller failure ; valve stuck open leak ; incorrect instrument reading. MORE OF MORE TEMPERATURE , pressure caused by external fires; blockage ; shot spots; loss of control ; foaming; gas release; reaction; explosion; valve closed; loss of level in heater; sun. LESS OF e.g ., LESS FLOW caused by pump failure; leak; scale in delivery; partial blockage ; sediments ; poor suction head; process turndown. LESS e.g ., low temperature, pressure caused by Heat loss; vaporization; ambient conditions; rain; imbalance of input and output; sealing; blocked vent. PART OF Change in composition high or low concentration of mixture; additional reactions in reactor or other location; feed change. MORE THAN Impurities or extra phase Ingress of contaminants such as air, water, lube oils; corrosion products; presence of other process materials due to internal leakage ; failure of isolation ; start-up features. OTHER Activities other than normal operation start-up and shutdown of plant ; testing and inspection ; sampling ; maintenance; activating catalyst; removing blockage or scale ; corrosion; process emergency ; safety procedures activated ; failure of power, fuel, steam , air, water or inert gas; emissions and lack of compatibility with other emission and effluents. 7.17.5 PLANNING FOR HAZOP

• Safety procedures documents • Relief/venting philosophy • Chemical involved

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• Piping specifications • Carry out the study • Record the results • Follow-up of actions noted 1. Final report contains resolution of all recommended actions. 2. Must appoint someone as leader to check progress of action. 3. Team may meet again if answers to questions do not simply lead to an action. Team may meet again if significant design changes in interim report.

7.18 PUBLIC CONSULTATION As per Para 7 (i) Stage III (3)(i)(b) of the EIA notification, 2006, all projects or activities located within industrial estates or parks (item 7(c)of the Schedule) approved by the concerned authorities, and which are not disallowed in such approvals. The unit is located in Industrial Complex of SIPCOT (State Industries promotion Corporation of Tamil nadu Limited). M/s. State Industries Promotion Corporation of Tamilnadu obtained Environmental Clearance from MoEFCC, New Delhi vide letter No. 21-41/2009. IA III dated: 09/08/2010. Hence Public Hearing is exempted.

7.19 REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT (R & R) The unit is located in Industrial Complex of SIPCOT (State Industries promotion Corporation of Tamil nadu Limited). Hence, R & R is not applicable to us.

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CHAPTER - 8 PROJECT BENEFITS

8.1 BACKGROUND M/S. PCBL (TN) LTD is a wholly owned subsidiary of M/s Phillips Carbon Black Limited (PCBL). PCBL is the first Carbon Black company in the world to receive carbon credits. PCBL has redefined its business by establishing captive power plants at each factory from the off-gas or waste product from the carbon black manufacturing process thus creating a sustainable green movement. The gas, a by-product of carbon black production, is harnessed for generating electricity at the Company's Captive Power Plants (CPP), at Palej, Durgapur, Mundra and Kochi. The Company has heavily cut down on carbon and gas emission, and serves green power to Large Private industrial units and State Electricity utilities. At present, the combined production capacity is 5.71 lakh ton/Annum. Now, PCBL (TN) LTD planned to set up a unit in SIPCOT industrial park, Thervoy Kandigai. Proposed facility will be located at Plot No A7 of Thervoy kandigai Village, SIPCOT Industrial Complex, Gummidipoondi Taluk, Tiruvallur District and Tamil Nadu. The allotted land area is 60.02 Acres (242892.32 Sq.m). The land allotted from SIPCOT industrial complex to the proponent for this proposed project.

The project scope involves in the production capacity of 1.925 lakh tone/annum in both rubber and specialized carbon black products along with waste heat recovery based cogeneration Captive power plant (36 MW). These products are widely used in tyres manufacturing, ink jet toners, printing newspaper and other such uses. These product requirements are high in demand.

8.2 ENVIRONMENT Their respect for the environment is reflected in their commitment & common objectives for continuous efforts by ensuring environmentally sound practices followed at all levels. They not only adhere to the statutory norms but have a holistic approach towards environmental protection. The major environmental issues addressed are:

o Proposed manufacturing processes are studied in detail with a view to minimize generation of liquid/gaseous waste streams as a part of continuous improvement.

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT o Company will not aim at just pollution minimization but also to conserve energy, improve process yields and product quality.

8.3 EXPORTS  Country will gain forex through exporting products.  Country will save valuable foreign exchange as import of these products will be reduced by corresponding amount.

8.4 EMPLOYMENT GENERATION M/s. PCBL (TN) Ltd. will give employment @ 425 Nos. of people based on qualification and requirement. This new project will have employment opportunity for 1000 person during construction phase (18 Months) and 425 persons during operation phase. Additional employment opportunity for product dealers and distributors, and transport sectors for product movements will increase the employment opportunity indirectly.

8.5 PROJECT BENEFITS The benefit of the proposed Carbon Black project with waste heat recovery based cogeneration Captive power generation by M/s. PCBL (TN) Limited includes: 1. The proposed project will create employment opportunities for the surrounding populations directly or indirectly during and after plant setup, which will enhance the overall growth of the surrounding regions. 2. The plant setup will create an environment of indirect employment for loading, unloading, transportation and other peripheral activities including cultural, educational, small industries and hotel industries around the area. 3. There will be positive socio-economic benefit to the region, which will help contribute to the carbon black sector and tyre sector, and will assist in the overall growth of the adjacent areas. 4. This is will help the domestic tyre and rubber goods manufacturing sector of the country to get the raw material as per their requirement in time at cheaper rate. 5. Overall it will benefit the tyre industry as many of the major tyre industries of India are

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT located within 50km of range of the project. 6. Contribute to increase GDP. 7. Good Techno-commercial viability of the project. 8. The project proposes 36 MW of power generation from its waste gas which is a strong pro-environmental initiative. 9. The project is a power positive proposal, i.e it generates more power than it consumes. 10. By providing captive power plant, there would be decreased load on the state electricity grid. 11. The transmission loss due to captive power generation will be low. 12. The project site shall require no displacement of habitation and away from the habitation area, as it is located inside the SIPCOT industrial area. 13. Socio-economic benefit to the locals as it would provide employment during construction and in operation phase. 14. The project will undertake CSR/CER activities that will additionally benefit the socio- economic development of the population living by. 15. The project will be surrounded by additional greenbelts. 16. Water is being planned to be recycled and reused in this project. 17. The project site will have special approach roads being developed by the government for the SIPCOT purpose and thus will lead to hindrance free approach for transportation of heavy equipment without causing any problems for the public. 18. The land allotted for the project site is flat and stable to increase its resistance against any natural disturbances like earthquake. 19. The project site is above the flood level and thus will avoid any accident in case of any severe rainfall spells.

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Better education facilities, proper health care, road infrastructure and drinking water facilities are basic social amenities for better living standard of any human being. PCBL (TN) Ltd. will provide all basic facilities in the area, which will help in uplifting the living standards of local communities.

A limited number of youths among the employment category ‘laborers’ attained formal skills, also striking disparity is observed among the two genders in terms of education and skill training. Considering different employability pattern for different employment segments, the report proposes customized actions for each category of worker. The report also tries to identify employment category in need for external support to be capacitated to avail employment opportunities in the scenario with no agriculture related economic activities. The industrialization process is supposed to enhance economic growth and thereby social development of the community. However, the process also affects villagers, their livelihoods. To retain the actual objective of industrialization, a path of inclusiveness and mainstreaming.

PCBL (TN) Ltd. is committed to sustainable development and inclusive growth of its various stakeholders including the society within which it operates. In line with this philosophy, the Business is undertaking various socio, economic and environmental development programs to improve the quality of life of rural poor in the area where it operates.

As per CER Notification, the 1.0% of project Cost (INR 615.0 Crore) i.e.6.15 Crores need to spend for CER activities. As per OM- F. No. 22-23/2018-IA.III (Pt) Dated: 31.10.2019. As per the Latest OM F.No. 22-65/2017-IA.III dated: 30.09.2020, it will be spent as per EAC recommendation and our proposal as follows: Sl. No Activities under CER 2022-2027 1 Waste management facilities such as Bins, Battery auto for garbage collection to local nearby villages Such as Teruvai, 1.01 Kollanur etc. 2 Greenbelt development in Nearby Villages Such as Teruvai, 1.00 Kollanur etc. 3 Solar lighting to nearby villages Such as Teruvai, Kollanur etc. 2.07

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 4 Sanitation facilities to nearby Government Schools and colleges 2.07 Total 6.15 Crores

8.7 Corporate Social Responsibility The company is aware of the obligations towards the society and to fulfil the social obligations, company will employ semi-skilled and skilled labour from the nearby villages as much as possible and also try to generate maximum indirect employment in the nearby villages by appointing local contract workers. Around 2.5% of the annual profit will be spending for the CSR activity. The following are proposed CSR activities which can be executed. 1. Books and basic infrastructures for the nearest School. 2. Common Toilet & lighting facility to the nearest village 3. Medical camps to the villagers

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CHAPTER - 9 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS Environment Environmental Cost Benefit analysis is a measured calculation for estimating relative merits and demerits of a project. As per EIA Notification 2006, this Chapter ‘Environmental Cost Benefit It refers to the economic appraisal of policies and projects that have the deliberate aim of improving the environment or services that might affect environment positively or adversely as an indirect consequence. There is a need to understand when CBA is used in practice and why environmental decisions are often made in a manner apparently inconsistent with cost -benefit thinking of positive impact on the environment. We should know what need to considered as the core activity in environmental cost benefit analysis. Environmental Cost Benefit: 1. The plant setup will create an environment of indirect employment for loading, unloading, transportation and other peripheral activities including cultural, educational, small industries and hotel industries around the area. 2. The project proposes 36 MW of power generation from its waste gas which is a strong pro-environmental initiative 3. The project is a power positive proposal, i.e it generates more power than it consumes. 4. By providing captive power plant, there would be decreased load on the state electricity grid 5. The transmission loss due to captive power generation will be low 6. The project site shall require no displacement of habitation and away from the habitation area, as it is located inside the SIPCOT industrial area. 7. The project will undertake CSR/CER activities that will additionally benefit the socio- economic development of the population living by. 8. The project will be surrounded by additional greenbelts 9. Water is being planned to be recycled and reused in this project

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CHAPTER - 10

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

10.1 BACKGROUND The industry shall adopt a comprehensive Environmental Management Plan (EMP) which covers several environmental protection measures, not only for abatement of environmental pollution resulting from the project, but also for the improvement in the ambient environment. The various components of the EMP are outlined in subsequent sections. An EMP is a site-specific plan developed to ensure that all necessary measures are identified and implemented in order to protect the environment and comply with environmental legislation.

10.2 OBJECTIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN  To suggest the formation of a core group (Environment Management Cell) responsible for implementation of environmental control & protective measures as well as monitoring of such implementation.  To ensure project components comply with all laws and approval conditions.  Continue baseline monitoring.  Facilitate a continual review of post construction and operation activities.  To suggest preventive and mitigation measures to minimize adverse impact and to maximize beneficial impacts like.  Preparation of Greenbelt Development scheme.  Preparation of rain water harvesting scheme and energy conservation actions.  To prepare a capital cost estimate and annual recurring cost for Environmental Management Plan.  To prepare a detailed action plan for implementation of mitigation measures.  Measure the effectiveness and success of proposed mitigation measures.

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10.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL Apart from having an environmental management plan, it is also necessary to have a permanent organizational set up charged with the task of ensuring effective implementation. In this effect, M/s. PCBL (TN) Ltd. will assign responsibilities to officers from various disciplines to co-ordinate the activities concerned with management and implementation of environment control measures.

An organogram of Environment management cell is shown in Figure. This department shall undertake the monitoring of environment pollution level by measuring stack emissions, Ambient air quality, water and effluent quality, Noise level, etc. either departmentally or by appointing external agency whenever necessary.

M/s. PCBL (TN) Ltd. shall carry out the regular monitoring in future as well as ensure that pollution is limited below prescribed limits and shall take corrective action by providing new pollution control equipment if required. In case the monitored results of environment pollution are found to exceed the prescribed limits, remedial actions are taken through the concerned plant authorities. The actual operation and maintenance of pollution control equipment of each department is under respective department heads.

The environmental department shall also look after preparation and submission of Water Cess Return, Environmental statement and Consolidated Consent & Authorization application/ renewal under water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, Ambient Air Quality as per NAAQS Standards, 2009 and Hazardous & Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016 under Environment Protection Act, 1986.

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ORGANOGRAM OF ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT CELL

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10.3.1 Job Responsibility: INCHARGE - SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONEMNT  He is process owner of Safety & Environment Process.

 Monitoring of Air, Water, noise and Land pollution and safety system.

 Ensure Compliance To Various Govt. Regulations.

 Approval & Provision of Safety Gadgets for Employees.

 Maintenance of Fire Protection Systems.

 Training Of Employees On Safety Systems.

 Conduct Performance Drills for Fire Protection Systems.

 Organize Training Programmes On Safety In Co-ordination With HR Department.

 Safety Promotional Activities to Create Awareness among Employees.

 Suggestions for Continuous Improvement of Work Environment.

 Accident Investigation and Prevention Steps Initiation.

 Efficient operation of ETP.

 Coordinate with others for waste management.

In addition to the above, company will prepare a suitable policy to adhere with standard operating process in order to comply with the statue and bring into focus any infringement of any norms and directives with regards to the Health, Safety and Environment and to take further corrective actions.

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10.3.2 CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY 10.3.2.1 ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICY M/s. PCBL (TN) Ltd. shall have a well laid environmental, health and safety policy as given below.

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10.3.2.2 CORPORATE ENVIRONMENT RESPONSIBILITY  To develop & to promote the technology having minimum pollution of Air, Water & Land.  Educating & promoting staff & workers for creating safe working atmosphere.  More & more tree plantation in the surrounding open area within site.

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10.4 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN The Environment Management plan is meant for mitigation/ management of the adverse impacts and the strengthening positive impacts during proposed project.

10.4.1 EMP for Construction Phase

Environmental impacts during the construction phase can be attributed to the site preparation activity and the mobilization of workforce. The impacts of the construction phase on the environment would be basically of transient nature and are expected to wear out gradually on completion of the construction programme. However, once the construction of the project is completed and its operations started, these operation stage impacts would overlap the impacts due to the construction activities. In order to mitigate such impacts and restrict them within tolerable levels, the following measures shall be adopted: 1. Proper and prior planning of approach and access roads, and appropriate sequencing and scheduling of all major construction activities. 2. Adoption of appropriate soil conservation programme and its timely implementation in the proposed project site. 3. Initiation of an appropriate landscape programme including plantation of trees and flowering plants in and around the project site particularly, at all available spaces which would serve the dual purpose of controlling fugitive dust and abatement of noise levels in addition to improving the aesthetics of the area. 4. Water sprinkling in the vulnerable areas to suppress the dust generated during excavation, levelling and other operations. 5. Use of properly tuned construction machinery & vehicles in good working condition with low noise & emission and engines turned off when not in use. 6. Control of quality of construction wastewater within the construction site through suitable drainage system with traps for arresting the sediment load for its proposed disposal into the main natural drainage system around the site. 7. Implementation of suitable disposal methods of sediment/ construction debris at designated places to avoid water logging at construction site.

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8. Provision of protective gears such as ear mufflers etc. for construction personnel exposed to high noise levels and locating the temporary labour sheds for housing the construction labourers away from the construction site.

10.4.2 EMP for Operational Phase Monitoring during the operation phase will reflect those environmental and socio-economic issues that may persist upon completion of construction activities. Monitoring will focus on evaluating the effectiveness of project mitigation measures and continue baseline monitoring and sampling. The mitigation measures to prevent adverse impact during the operation phase of the project shall focus on the following: 1. Air quality 2. Noise environment 3. Water quality and water resources 4. Solid and hazardous waste 5. Land environment 6. Ecology 7. Socio Economic

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10.4.2.1 BUDGETORY PROVISIONS FOR EMP Adequate budgetary provisions have been made for execution of environmental management plan. The details of capital and recurring (per annum) budget earmarked for pollution control, operation and maintenance of pollution control facilities, for greenbelt development and maintenance will be as given in Table 10-1.

TABLE - 10.1 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

Recurring cost (lakhs) per Equipment Capital cost (lakh) Annum Air Pollution Control 1800 Boiler stacks-3 Nos 6420 Bag filter-55 Nos 900 940 Dryer stack- 6Nos 180 VBC stack-6 Nos 180 Scrubbers - 6 Nos Water Pollution Control (ETP, WTP, 2000 200 MEE & STP) Noise Pollution Control 25.0 2.5 Ambient Air monitoring and online 75.0 7.5 system setup Greenbelt Development 40.0 4.0 Storm Water and RWH Management 20.0 2.0 Waste Management 10.0 1.0 Total 11650 1157

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10.4.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT The total water requirement for proposed manufacturing unit is 3583 KLD. Fresh water requirement is 2785 KLD ( In ToR application- 3731KLD ) will be sourced from SIPCOT and total recycle water will be 798 KLD.

Construction Phase Proper management of surface water runoff shall be made. Soak pit will provide to dispose of domestic waste water. 1. SIPCOT/Private Tankers are the only source of water during the construction phase. 2. Storehouse will be located away from the water storage area to prevent accidental release or spillage. 3. Proper management of rain water run-off during monsoon and creating bunds to utilize the rain water for construction purpose.

Operation Phase  Wastewater generated from the project will be treated in ETP and Zero Liquid Discharge will be maintained, hence the impact due to the proposed project will be very minimal.  The sewage generated will be treated in STP of 50 KLD and the treated sewage will be used for green belt development.  Adequate spares for effluent collection, handling, treatment and disposal system should be maintained.  Proper housekeeping should be adopted to prevent spillages and contaminated surface runoff going to storm water drains.  The additional treated wastewater would also be utilized for various activities like horticulture, fire water make-up, etc. The following measures would be taken to minimize the water usage in the operational phase:  Endeavor to reduce the actual process water consumption by way of improvement in operation of processing units.  Water saving by shower head flow controls, spray taps and faucet aerators and photo- sensitive taps.  Exploring other options of reusing the treated effluent besides fire water make up or for horticulture development.

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10.4.3.1 PLANS FOR MANAGEMENT, COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL OF WASTE STREAMS TO BE GENERATED FROM SPILLAGE, LEAKAGES, VESSEL WASHING, USED CONTAINER WASHING ETC. MEASURES PROPOSED FOR PREVENTING EFFLUENT DISCHARGE DURING UNFORESEEN CIRCUMSTANCES. 1. Proper housekeeping will be adopted to prevent spillages and contaminated surface runoff going to storm water drains. 2. Contamination will be minimized due to the spillage, leakage, vessel & drum washing. Washing water will be collected through appropriate channels and taken to ETP for treatment. To avoid leaching entire washing area will be paved. 3. Company should make continuous efforts in waste minimization. 4. For the equipments and pipelines, leakage detection and repair will be scheduled to minimize pollution. 5. Second wash of plant / equipment will be re-used as first wash in the same equipment / reactor to reduce fresh water consumption. 6. Adequate spares for effluent collection and disposal system will be maintained.

10.4.3.2 RAINWATER HARVESTING

Rainwater harvesting is an important component of area wise resource use and environmental management. The total amount/quantity of water i.e., received in the form of rainfall over an area is called the rain water endowment of that area, out of which the amount of water that can be effectively harvested is called the rain water harvesting potential. The collection efficiency accounts for the fact that all the rain water falling over an area cannot be effectively harvested due to losses on account of evaporation, spillage or run off etc.,

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Rainwater Harvesting will be implemented at project site to conserve rainwater. Roof top area, greenbelt/ green area, road/paved area and open areas proposed in the project site are considered for rainwater which can be harvested. The approximate quantities of rainwater that can be harvested at project site is summarized below The equation used for run off estimation is based on CPCB guidelines on ‘Concepts and Practices for Rain water Harvesting’- Oct 2001.The calculations are based on the following:  Average annual rainfall is 1442.0 mm based on 1970-2000 IMD data-Minambakkam  Average No of rainy days are 60.5  Run of co-efficient are considered as given by CPCB guidelines Table 0-1 Rainwater harvesting calculation Total Run off Intensity Area (A) Discharge- Land Allocation Breakup Coefficient of rainfall-I in (Sq.m) Qp (C) (mm/day) (m 3/day) Roads Area 28000 0.7 67 1313.20 Common amenities (Security area, MRS, Admin, Canteen, Pump house, 10524 0.8 67 Switchyard) 564.0.9 Green belt area 81315 0.15 67 817.22 Miscellaneous (Parking) 12365.53 0.7 67 579.94 Total Land area 132204.5 - - 3274.44 Design parameter: Formula: Discharge, Q= CIA ( m3/day) Where, Q= Discharge (in m3/day)

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C=Coefficient of Runoff I= Intensity of rainfall (in mm/day) (Max Flood in 2015- 335.2 mm for 5 days) A= Area (in Sq.m)

Runoff calculation: Total runoff Load = 3274.44 m3/day

Proposed RWH Pits: (100 % Harvesting) Percolation rate is 50%, so total harvesting capacity of each pit per hour = 5.6 *1.5 = 8.4 m3 Total runoff load per hour = 3274.44/24 = 136.43 m 3/Hr. No of bore well pits proposed to harvesting per hour intensity = 136.43/8.4 =16.24 say 17 Nos Excess runoff Storm water from road will be collected through storm water drain provided along the boundary of road. It will be connected to nearby water bodies. RAIN WATER HARVESTING SCHEME ON LAYOUT :

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10.4.4 AIR ENVIRONMENT Construction Phase (Non point sources emissions) Generation of suspended particulate matter is a common phenomenon due to transportation of constructions materials. This would be mitigated by allowing the vehicles entering the premises under cover. Emission of fugitive dust due to movement of heavy vehicles etc. shall be controlled by spraying water in the affected zone. Hosing down the wheels of the vehicles with water and providing washing troughs for them would further mitigate the amount of dust generated. In addition, emission of other pollutants from construction machinery using diesel driven prime movers, will be controlled by proper maintenance. Barricading the construction area and minimizing exposed areas to reduce dust generation. Areas generating dust during dry weather will be sprayed with water. Appropriate enclosed areas for storage of construction materials. Facilitating the workers with required Personal Protective Equipments.

Operation Phase (Point sources emissions) In-plant Control Measures: Some of the mitigation measures, which can reduce the impact on air environment, are as follows: • Ensuring the operations of various process units as per specified operating guidelines/ operating manuals.  Strict adherence to maintenance schedule including lubrication for various machinery/ equipment.  Provide Adequate stack height to control flue gas emission  Product gases laden with carbon black particle from manufacturing process are filtered at process bag collector and vapor bag collector for separation of carbon black particles from process gases. Off gases filtered through bag collectors are utilized as fuel in steam boiler

and dryer combustor .  Regular ambient air quality monitoring shall be carried out within premises and should

also be carried out in the nearby area for PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2, NOx & VOCs.  A greenbelt around the factory will be developed for reducing the air pollution and attenuation of noise.  Adoption of good house-keeping.

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10.4.4.1 Details of Air Pollution Control Devices: a. Incinerators for Off Gas Generated in the Process: The OFF GASES generated out of burning of fuel like LDO / HSD and Carbon Black Feed Stock (CBFS) (d) Natural Gas are incinerated in Combustors of boiler and product dryer. 100% off gases generated in the process are burnt in these combustors and no off gas escape into the atmosphere and hence there is no air pollution from the gases generated in the process. Low Btu off gases generated in the manufacturing process of Carbon Black in the reactor section and separated from accompanying Carbon Black particles in Bag Filter section are collected in the off gas header. Inspite of their low calorific value, these gases are utilised to recover their calorific value in a specially designed boiler system to generate high pressure steam and in a specially designed dryer combustor furnace to supply the heat energy requirements in the pelletising and drying section. Company has planned specially designed stacks of 90mtr and 60mtr height for Boiler and Dryer respectively for proper dissipation of flue gases emitted from above mentioned incinerators (combustors). b. Flare Stack PCBL(TN) Limited has planned to install Flare Stack of adequate height to meet any eventuality in the above mentioned incinerators i.e boiler and dryer so that the gases generated in the process are flared and then vented to the atmosphere to control pollution. c. Start Up Vent Stack Company has planned to install start up vent stack of adequate height to vent inert gases generated during start up and shut down for proper dissipation of pollutants. d. Reactor Vent Scrubbers To minimise pollution during an Emergency Plant Shut Down, company has planned to install state of the art technology Venturi Scrubbers for individual reactors. Though all the inputs to the reactors get stopped during any Emergency Shut Down, the residuals left in the reactors are vented through these venture scrubbers after scrubbing all the carbon black particles. e. Process Bag Collectors This is a Process cum Pollution Control equipment which is used for separation of carbon black from the off gases. Clean off gas is collected in the off gas header and is utilised by

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT complete combustion in dryer combustion furnace and boiler furnace to achieve substantial energy conservation as mentioned above. The filter bags are designed for 100% separation efficiency. As mentioned above Start Vent Stack will be installed for releasing of INERT GASES from Process Bag Collectors in to the atmosphere during startup and shutdown of plant. f. Vapour Bag Collectors This is also a process cum pollution control equipment and is used for separation of carbon black from the purge gases (containing water vapour and carbon black particles) generated in the rotary dryer. Filtered and clean gases are released into atmosphere through the stack. Flue gases from this filter at a temperature of approx. 200 deg. C mainly contain water vapour, nitrogen, oxygen & insignificant quantity of CO and SOx. These gases are not harmful and do not cause any air pollution. This filter also contains special fibre glass filter bags to have SPM in the stack well within the norms laid down by the Pollution Control Board.

Fugitive emission control  Fugitive emission at various locations of the work zone environment is monitored on regular basis. Moreover, following measures will be taken to minimize the fugitive emissions.  All process will be done in a closed system.  Raw materials will be pumped from storage tank to process in a closed system. Fugitive emissions are emissions of gases or vapours from pressurized equipment due to leak or other unintended or irregular releases. Fugitive emission may be contributed from the following sources:  Leakage from pumps  Equipment failure  Spillages from pipelines  Leakages from reactors  Vapours venting from process/tanks  Evaporation losses Control Measures Control Measures adopted are:  Process shall be closed system

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 Transfer of the material for proposed plant shall be through pipeline  Leak detectors shall be installed near by the source of leakage  Sweeping on roads.  Proper monitoring system shall be established once the operation starts.  Bitumen roads are laid inside the plant premises. There will be a chance of fugitive emission during manufacturing process as well as due to storage and handling of raw materials and products. The unit will take following precaution for the control of fugitive emissions. Probable Sources Control Measures  All equipments are maintained regularly along with checking of flange and welded joints.  All raw materials and end products are properly metered so Manufacturing activities that there is no possibility of overloading.  Proper safety interlocks are incorporated  Bulk transportation within the process is done by closed bucket elevator and screw conveyer. Emission from Carbon  Dedusting system with proper bag filters provided. All storage black storage tank and tanks are closed with proper venting system and level is packing checked regularly without overfilling.  Mechanical seals are provided in pumps and agitators Pump and compressor Standby arrangement for critical equipment for periodic Emissions maintenance  Welded pipes are used wherever feasible.  Suitable gasket materials are used Valves, Flanges, plugs and  Suitable glad packing is used in valves instrument connections  Periodic inspection and maintenance of pipes and pipefittings is carried out

Leak detection and Repair Programme (LDAR): Leak detection and repair (LDAR) is system of procedure a facility utilizes to locate repair leaking components including valves, pumps, tanks and reactors in order to minimize the emission of fugitive volatile organic components and hazardous air pollutants. LDAR related sections shall be considered, checked and maintained regularly to control emissions from leakages. At PCBL (TN) Limited schedule shall be prepared standard practices will be implemented.

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Identifying the sections : All possible sections of emissions from leakage will be recognized & marked. Monitoring the components: As per the schedule and frequency sections shall be monitored to avoid the leakage chances by using the standard detecting systems. Repairing the components : Repairing of the equipment after finding fault will be addressed immediately. After a leak is detected, the component shall be altered or replaced to correct the leakage. The component shall be considered repaired only after it has been monitored and shows leakage below the thresh-hold limits. Documented: All the above mentioned records shall be maintained for further references. PCBL(TN) Limited will use best technology to control fugitive emission like:  Closed process flow systems of material transfer.  Detecting systems are in place for any leakages Air quality shall be regularly monitored and data on fugitive emissions shall be regularly recorded and proper actions will be taken.

10.4.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT The sound pressure level generated by a noise source decreases with increasing distance from the source due to wave divergence. The propagation and attenuation of noise pressure wave is dependent on many parameters amongst which, the medium of travel and the ambient conditions are the most significant parameters. In order to minimize adverse impact on the noise environment, due attention shall be given for implementing noise control measures. Comprehensive measures shall be taken at design stage for noise from proposed unit. The measures are as under:  The noise level at the plant boundary shall be restricted to 75 dB (A) during day time and 70 dB (A) during night time.  Noise level shall be specified for various rotating equipment as per Occupational Safety and Health Association (OSHA) standards.  Equipment lay-out shall be done considering segregation of high noise generating sources.  Erection of suitable enclosure, if required, to minimize the impact of high noise generating sources.

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 There may be small addition to the ambient noise level, due to the increased transportation activities. This creates a slight adverse impact on the sound environment.  Regular oiling, lubrication and maintenance of the equipment shall be carried out to minimize noise generation. During Construction Phase Following measures shall be taken for abatement of noise during construction phase:  Noise emissions from construction equipment will be kept to a minimum by regular maintenance.  Heavy and noisy construction jobs shall be avoided during night hours.

During Operation Phase Following measures are proposed to mitigate negative impact of operation phase of the project on the surrounding noise environment.  All the noise generating equipments will be designed / operated to ensure that noise level does not exceed 75-70 dB (A) at plant boundary as per the requirement of Central / State Pollution Control Board.  Noise generating sources will be maintained properly to minimize noise generated by them.  Wherever feasible, acoustic enclosures will be provided for compressors, DG sets.  Compliance with noise control norms will be given due importance at the time of purchase of various equipments and it will be mentioned while placing the purchase orders and guarantee for noise standards will be sought from suppliers.  Green belt will act as a noise barrier.  Training will be imparted to personnel to generate awareness about effects of noise and importance of using PPEs.

10.4.6 LAND ENVIRONMENT CONSTRUCTION PHASE: 1. The removed soil will be properly stored for subsequent reinstatement. 2. Reuse of excess excavated material for road development, green belt development and landscaping. 3. A well designed closed depository for storage of construction materials to prevent land/soil pollution.

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4. Effective stabilization of altered landforms to minimize soil erosion and the potential for water pollution (e.g.vegetation). 5. Reuse of construction wastes such as sand, brick, gravel, cement for developing internal road and project structures.

OPERATION PHASE: Following measures are proposed to mitigate negative impact during operational phase of the project on the land environment.  Air emissions are effectively controlled by appropriate air pollution control systems and therefore deposition of air pollutants in and around the premises and surrounding area is not envisaged.  Organic solid wastes will be Convertto manure by using OWCand inorganic solid wastes will be sold to recycling facilities as per the authorization from TNPCB and there is no internal disposal facility availability within the site.All the hazardous wastes generated from the project will be properly stored and disposed as per the Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules 2016.Hence there may not be any impact to the land environment.  As the treated effluent and treatedsewage will be reused, impact on the land environment is not envisaged.  Thus, no impact on land is envisaged due to discharge of gaseous emission, solid waste or liquid effluent from the proposed project.

10.4.6.1 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT  Used or Spent Oil @ 6.0 MT/Annum which shall be Collected, Stored, Transported & Disposed by sale to TNPCB authorized Recyclers or reuse in process.  Discarded Drums & containers @ 12 MT/Annum & Discarded liners, waste Paper bags, waste plastic bags& cardboards @ 6 MTPM which shall be Collected, Stored, decontaminated, recycled/Reused & transported back to the supplier for reuse or sold to TNPCB authorized vendor.  ETP Sludge, @ 175 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling or can also be sent to cement plants.

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 WTP Sludge & MEE Sludge @ 3990 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.  Used filter cloth @ 2 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored, Transported & Disposed by sale to TNPCB authorized Recyclers.  Used Oily cotton waste/weather hand gloves/cotton hand gloves@ 2 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.  Discarded filter medium (bag filter) @ 12 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.  Ceramic wool/waste insulation material @ 12 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.  Spent Ion exchange Resins @ 1 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.  Oily Sludge Emulsion @ 15 MT /Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.  Used Batteries @ 0.1MT/annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.  Spent Acid Batteries @ 0.024 MT/annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling. Storage of Hazardous Waste:  Hazardous waste shall not be stored for a period more than 90 days. And shall maintain records and make them available for inspection.  Store at a designated Onsite-secured area with impervious floor that affords protection from sun & rain fall, spreading of leachate, mixing of wastes etc. Transportation of Hazardous Waste:  Properly packed & labeled waste transport through dedicated vehicle to a captive facility/ authorized TSDF facility. 10.4.6.2 METHODOLOGY OF DE-CONTAMINATION AND DISPOSAL OF DISCARDED CONTAINERS AND ITS RECORD KEEPING Decontamination & Disposal of Discarded Containers: The proper disposal of empty chemical containers is more important for hazardous chemicals as it can contain residual amounts of chemicals. There can be no more than 1 inch of material left in the container not

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT more than 3% by weight of the containers capacity. In an effort to ensure that this residue is handled properly and to be able to recycle or properly dispose of these containers, the following procedure is to be followed. The below guidelines are useful for non hazardous chemicals also. Rinse Procedure: An empty chemical container that contains hazardous chemicals (liquid or solid), must be rinsed 3 times with water (or appropriate rinsing agent) before being discarded. The first rinse should be collected as chemical waste, it can be put into any waste container of compatible chemicals, the second & third rinses can then go down to drain. If the chemical is on the list of acutely hazardous waste, then all three rinses must be collected. After the containers are rinsed, they can be discarded appropriately as described below. All caps should be let off of the discarded containers. Containers should be labeled with “Empty” labels and the chemical name should be crossed or blacked out prior to being discarded. Caps may be discarded to regular trash. Finally, it is disposed off by sell it to authorized decontamination facility / recycler or reuse. Reuse /Recycle/ Disposal of cleaned containers: • All chemicals must follow the above rinse except the volatile Solvents & before being discarded in any form. • Metal containers or any plastic containers, plastic tubing or plastic beakers that do not meet the recycling criteria can be discarded into regular trash. • Glass containers, glass tubing that do not meet the recycling criteria should be placed into trash can for disposal. • Plastic & glass containers that meet the recycling criteria must be placed in appropriate recycling containers. • Empty compressed gas cylinders should be returned to vendor. 10.4.6.3 Solid waste management During operation phase is likely to generate various types of solid waste which can be broadly categorized as Hazardous Waste and Municipal Solid Waste. Further, the generated solid waste may include biodegradable, recyclable and inert compounds. Municipal solid wastes will be segregated as organic and inorganic wastes. Organic wastes will be disposed to OWC and inorganic wastes will be sold to authorized recyclers.

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10.5 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT

As per the rules and regulations laid by Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change, Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and State Pollution Control Board (SPCB), it is legally mandatory to earmark 33% of the project area for greenbelt development to promote integration of environmental issues with industrial development projects.

The total land area is 242892.53 Sq.m (24.289Ha). Greenbelt area is 81315.00 Sq.m (8.131Hac–33.47%) Around 9900numbers of tree will be planted as per CPCB guidelines for developing greenbelt (PROBES/75/1999-2000, published in Mar 2000).

Design of Green Belt

Green belt will be developed as per CPCB guidelines with concept of three tier greenbelt development with tall, medium and short height in general.

A survey was conducted with respect to existing forest types and vegetation diversity in the study area for development of greenbelt around project components. The following guidelines will be considered in green belt development.

The following guidelines will be considered in green belt development.

 The spacing between the trees will be maintained at 2x2m  Planting of trees in each row will be in staggered orientation  In the front row shrubs will be grown.  The short trees (< 10 m height) will be planted in the first two rows (towards plant side) of the green belt. The tall trees (> 10 m height) will be planted in the outer three rows (away from plant side)  One line of tall trees and another line of short trees will be planted near the industrial blocks to control the fugitive emissions and to reduce the noise.  Expose the manure pits to direct sunlight for about 15 days.

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o If the soil at the site is reasonably good, pits may be filled with 80% site-soil + 20% composted cow-dung. About 200 gm Neem-cake and leaf-litter, grass or agricultural residue may be added o If the soil at the site is poor, pits may be filled with 35% site-soil + 35% fertile soil (from an external source) + 30% composted cow-dung. Neem-cake and other organic matter may be added as in the previous instance  Saplings will ideally be planted after the annual rains begin. The saplings would need to be watered once the rains cease.  Saplings shall be suitably nurtured and maintained. Soil conditioning and fertilizer application shall be undertaken. If required, suitable soil treatment shall be provided to ensure good growth of tree cover.  Construction of temporary shelters of locally available materials such as bamboo and grass around the growing saplings is recommended in the summer, to help the plants withstand the hot sun.  During construction period: o Ground-vegetation should be allowed to shed seeds before cutting or moving it for mulching. This would leave behind a seed-bank to flourish in the next growing season, providing a natural source of mulch for the following year. o Open Burning of bushes and other waste on land must be avoided, as it reduces soil-quality, and harms the ground-vegetation, amphibians, reptiles and ground nesting birds.  Development of greenbelt shall start with construction phase and shall be continued full fledge with operation phase  As a part of improving biodiversity areas need to be ear marked for the growth of creepers that are always neglected in green belt development category. Creepers are becoming increasingly threatened due to lack of concerns and selective dereliction of this species. Cost estimations for Green belt Development

A capital cost of INR 40.0 Lakhs shall be earmarked for this purpose and INR 4.0Lakhs will be alotted for recurring expenses towards green belt development and maintenance.

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The following plant species will be planted according to CPCB guidelines: Cassia fistula, Mangifera indica, Tectona grandis, Azadirachta indica, Albizza lebbek, Prosopis cineraria, Delonixregia, Ficusbenghalensis, Butea monosperma, Phyllanthus emblica, Hardwickia binate, Terminalia arjuna, Acacia niotica, ficus sp., Albizia sp., Dalbergia latifolia, Peltophorumpterocarpum, Chloroxylon swietenia, Dalbergia sissoo, Syzygiumcumini, Melia dubia, etc. The purpose of developing the greenbelt in and around the industrial site is for:  Containment and abatement of pollution in the industrial environment, capturing of fugitive emissions if any and thereby improving the quality of the surrounding environment.  Substantially reducing the adverse environmental impacts due to the proposed industrial activity.  Serving as a barrier for attenuating the intensity of noise generated.  Enhancing the biodiversity index of the region.  Adding aesthetic value to the project site.  Maintaining the ecological equilibrium of the area. The following general guidelines and measures will be adopted:  The greenbelt development programme will be drawn to conform to natural climatic conditions and adaptability of the species.  Proper drainage system and proper plantation techniques will be adopted.  Plantation will be properly maintained and protected by fencing from grazing and felling.  The plantations will consist of a mixture of carefully chosen locally available species of trees, shrubs and herbs, preferably evergreen and resistant to pollution.

10.6 OCCUPTIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY Health hazards associated with the occupation are called occupational hazards. In chemical industry due to handling of toxic and hazardous chemicals there are possibilities of developing occupational diseases. M/s. PCBL (TN) Ltd. shall employ the following measures with respect to occupational health and safety:  Pre – employment medical check-up at the time of employment.

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 Six monthly medical check-up for all employees. PCBL (TN) Limited will have agreement signed with nearby hospital for their valuable service during emergency along with one Equipped ambulance facility for 24/7.  Monitoring of occupational hazards like noise and chemical exposure at frequent intervals with maintenance of records.  Engineering controls, wherever possible, to reduce workplace pollution.  Training to employees on personal hygiene, health, personnel protective equipment & first aid.  Personal Protective Equipment’s will be provided to all company employee as well as contract workers, which are working in hazardous and non-hazardous area.

10.6.1 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH CENTER Functions of the Occupational Health Centre, M/s. PCBL (TN) Ltd.:  Daily OPD (outdoor patient Department) cases of company employees as well as contractual workers.  IPD (indoor patient department) cases of company employees and contractual workers as and when required.  Emergency treatment of patients in case of chemical burns, gas inhalation, ingestion of chemical, mechanical injuries like head injury and fracture.  First aid treatment in case of minor abrasion, contused lacerated wound, etc.  Referral services to higher centre as and when required.  Pre-employment medical examination of all the employees before their joining to decide their fitness and to decide their placement in various plants.  Periodical medical examination every 6 monthly for all the employees.  Maintenance of form no. 33 after pre-employment medical examination.  Maintenance of form no. 32 after periodical medical examination  Placement and maintenance of first aid boxes to the various departments in the company. First aid boxes are checked twice in a month and replenished with the materials needed.  Preparation of injury report on daily basis.  First aid training to the company employees.  Preparations of monthly report and annual reports describing injuries and sickness.

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 Oxygen cylinder refilling and maintenance.  Ambulance daily test round and daily checking as per our check list.  Canteen workers personal hygiene checkup twice in a month.  Contractual workers pre employment physical check up on daily basis.  Medicine consumption and keeping record of the same, daily basis and monthly.  OHC equipment check list as per our SOP.  Autoclaving of dressing material to sterilize it.  Segregation and proper disposal of biomedical waste with Globe bio care institute.  Instrument calibration once yearly.  Maintenance of clean OHC and beds and linen washing.  Division of all the work among all four full time medical assistants.  Blood donation camp, eye check up camp arrangements at OHC.

Pre-Medical/Periodical Medical Examination Pre-Medical/Periodical medical examination of worker exposed and other staff members is being carried out at regular intervals. Pre-Employment Screening / Examinations - All employees will be subjected to pre- placement medical examinations to determine their fitness for the jobs on site. Potential exposures to the work environment will be considered before placing an employee on the job. Periodic Medical Examinations - Periodic medical examination is the same as the pre- employment screening and may be modified according to current conditions, such as changes in the employee's symptoms, site hazards or exposures. However, List of tests is proposed to done during half yearly employee check-up: - a. Height b. Weight c. Audiometry d. ECG e. Eye Vision f. Complete Blood Count (26 parameters) g. Pulmonary function testing h. Blood Sugar

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i. Blood pressure j. Urine Routine & Microscopy PCBL (TN) Limited will allocate Rs.5.0 Lakhs per month for the purpose of occupational, heath and safety for the employees.

First aid Boxes A first aid kit is a collection of supplies and equipment for use in giving first aid. First Aid boxes will be kept available in Admin Block and Production area etc. First Aid items will be issued to injure only by authorized persons. Following are the contents of First Aid Box, 1. Dettol – Antiseptic solution 2. Ciplox – Eye Drops 3. Soframycin – Skin ointment 4. Silverex – Burn ointment 5. Betadine – Microbicidal solution 6. Iodex – Pain reliever 7. Sterilized Cotton Wool 8. Surgical Paper Tape 9. Small Sterilized Dressings 10. Medium Sterilized Dressings 11. Roller Bandage – 5 cm wide 12. Roller Bandage – 10cm wide 13. Band Aid 14. Crocin / Paracetamol Tablet 10.6.2 Occupational Health Monitoring Medical Surveillance Program: Medical surveillance program is essential to assess and monitor employees' health and fitness both prior to employment and during the course of work; to determine fitness for duty and to provide emergency and other treatment as needed. Effectiveness of a medical program depends on active involvement of employees. PCBL (TN) Limited medical surveillance program will include the following major elements; 1. Developing an OH-IH Medical Surveillance Program. 2. Pre-Employment Examination and Periodic Medical Examinations

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3. Determination of Fitness for Duty. 4. Communications. 5. Emergency Medical Treatment. 6. Medical Records.

Implementation of OHS Standards as per OSHAS The overall objective of the company is to provide a system that is capable of delivering healthy and safe workplace. Following measures have been adopted for implementation of OHS standards:  Well-equipped Occupational Health Centre with adequate paramedical staff.  Routine and special investigation related to occupational health.  Health surveillance and maintenance of health record.  Rules and procedure for effective implementation of Safety Health and Environment policy and made to know all employees.  Round the clock Ambulance facility.  Sufficient number of First aid boxes.  Implementation of OHSAS 18001 for Occupational Health and Safety Management System.  Implementation of ISO 14001 for Environment Management System.  Risk assessment of each and every activity.  Implementation of OHS management program.  Training, awareness program and work place talk.

Personnel Protective Equipment M/s. PCBL (TN) Limited will provide full range of Personnel Protective equipments to its workers for their safety. A complete list of Personnel Protective equipments has been tabled below: List of Personnel Protective Equipments  Boiler operation: Cotton type retardant suit, IR resistant goggles, helmet, safety shoes and cotton gloves.

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 Electrical Work Area (MCC and PCC): 433 V to 22 kVA electrical resistance gloves, Electrical safety shoes (without metal toe guard) and helmet and electrical gloves. Tested date and due dates should be marked legibly.  Working at Height: Personal fall protection (i.e. Full body harness), helmet and Safety shoes. Safety Equipment:  Safety Helmets  Safety Hand Gloves – PVC, Rubber Cotton, Cum, Leather Asbestos  Safety Goggles - Spectacle Type, Panoramic Type  Face Shield  Aprons – PVC, Cotton  PVC Suits  Safety Gum Boots  Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus  Gas mask with canister  Safety emergency  Fire extinguishers  Fire hoses with branches  Explosive meter  Gas detection devices  Resuscitator  Portable mike  First aid box  Emergency siren switch  Telephone- P&T intercom Personal protective equipment (PPE) will be provided during operation as per norms Spill Emergency Mitigation Procedure  Spill Kit is kept in all Emergency cupboards.  Once the spill is observed, Spill Kit shall be collected from the nearest area/emergency cupboard installed and neutralizing agent (if required) based on the nature of the spill.

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In case if the spill is not controlled, immediately declare the emergency as per emergency response procedure.  While handling the spill, use most appropriate PPE's like SCBA, chemical suit, acid/ alkali proof hand gloves, face shield, safety goggles, gum boots or even respiratory masks with suitable cartridges.  Once the spill is controlled using Sorbent pad/Boom collect in a double polythene bag and secure with the plastic ties. Dispose it as per applicable disposal procedure.  Report the incident of spill to EHS department through online incident reporting System.  Once in a month, the items of the Spill Kit shall be inspected and recorded by EHS representatives of the individual area.

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10.6.2.1 INDUSTRIAL/ OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH MONITORING

 The workers exposed to noisy sources will be provided with ear muffs/plugs.  Adequate facilities for drinking water and toilets will be provided to the employees.  The health of the workers will be regularly checked by a qualified Doctor and proper records will be kept for each worker.  Isolated storage for all hazardous chemicals with adequate safety measures, sign board outside storage etc.,  Good Air circulation will be ensured within the plant area.  Hand wash will be provided in vicinity of work area with ample quantity of water available.  Proper First Aid centre and medical facilities will be provided.

10.6.3 WORK ZONE MONITORING EQUIPMENT

The unit will install the ambient air monitoring kit all over the facility for regular monitoring and these will provide the alarm once the set level is crossed. Same will be connected to TNPCB online Monitoring Server(CAC).

10.6.4 PROPOSED SAFETY SYSTEM

FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM A pressurized automatically operated Fire Hydrant System will be installed in the plant with rings and wet risers around all blocks to achieve maximum coverage. Water reservoir capacity will be provided. Following are the details of the system.

 Jockey pump with pressure switches  Main electrical pump  Yard Hydrant points.  Hose Boxes  Hose Reel Drums  Foam Concentrate tank  Water Monitor  Mobile Foam Unit

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

 Two-way fire brigade inlet  Automatic sprinkler system. Fire & Safety Systems

S. No Name of the equipment Qty(Nos) Capacity 1 Fire Extinguishers 41 4.5kg 2 Fire Extinguishers (ABC) 41 6kg 3 Fire Extinguishers (Mechanical Foam) 2 45 l 4 Fire Extinguishers (Trolley Mounted) 4 22.5 kg 5 Fire Hydrant Points (External) 64 - 6 Fire Hydrant Points (Internal) 20 - 7 Fire Hydrant Pumps 2+1 (Standby) 273 m3/hr 8 Jockey Pump 1 273 m3/hr 9 Water Monitors 4 - 10 Fire Brigade Connection (FBC) 3 - 11 Fire Hose 64 (2 Nos) 15m RRL (each) 12 First Aid 14 - 13 Water storage tanks 1 1716 KL Fire extinguishers: Depending on the combustible material, fires have been classified into four types. Suitability of Extinguishing Media for Different Fires S. No Class of fire Suitable Fire Extinguisher Class A: 1 DCP, Mechanical Foam Organic Material i.e. wood, papers, rubber &plastics. Class B: Mechanical Foam, CO 2 and 2 Flammable Liquid and Flammable Gases i.e.,Petroleum DCP Products, Paints, Chemicals etc. Class C: 3 DCP and CO 2 Electrical Class D: 4 Flammable Metals i.e. Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium Special DCP, Sand etc. The company will train personnel for firefighting and intends to improve the firefighting skills of employee by conducting frequent training on Fire fighting.

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

10.7 MEASURES FOR CONSERVATION OF ENERGY M/s. PCBL (TN) Limited shall adopt various measures for energy conservation:  Energy efficient machineries will be used during operation phase.  Installation of economizer & high efficiency burner on steam boilers.  Company shall try to utilize renewable sources of energy for conservation of non- renewable sources of energy.  Enough care will be taken to prevent/minimize energy losses at each stage.  Energy audit will be used as a tool for monitoring purpose.  External lights will be controlled through timers for auto on/off function based on timings.  The cable size will be selected so as to minimize the power losses.  The power factor improvement capacitors will be provided individually for AC loads.  Using water cooled chillers, variable frequency drives for secondary pumps and public area and building management system for HVAC equipments with non-CFC and non- HCFC based refrigerants.  Use of VFDs for various utilities in variable load application to optimize pump and air handling unit performance, wherever required.  Automated day light control.  Efficient lamps and ballasts.  Automated control for external lighting (Astronomical/Sensor).  Occupancy Sensors.  Phase-wise implementation of Advance Process Control (APC) in the process plants.  Replacement of conventional lighting fixture by more energy efficient fittings.  Installation of improved insulation over the High Pressure (HP) steam line to reduce the heat loss.  Use of FRP blade on Cooling Tower. Company shall explore possibility of use of solar energy for various infrastructure operations. Also use of Energy Efficient Lighting, Transformers, HVAC system, Use of Energy Efficient Motors, electrical appliances to minimize the energy consumption in addition to Process Planning.

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

10.8 SKILLED AND TRAINED MANPOWER This new project will have employment opportunity for 1000 person during construction phase (18 Months) and 425 persons ( in ToR application: 500 Person ) during operation phase. Additional employment opportunity for product dealers and distributors, and transport sectors for product movements will increase the employment opportunity indirectly.

10.9 SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES The company is aware of the obligations towards the society and to fulfil the social obligations, company will employ semi-skilled and skilled labour from the nearby villages as much as possible and also try to generate maximum indirect employment in the nearby villages by appointing local contract workers. Around 2.5% of the annual profit will be spending for the CSR activity. The following are proposed CSR activities which can be executed. 1. Books and basic infrastructures for the nearest School. 2. Common Toilet & lighting facilityto the nearest village 3. Medical camps to the villagers

10.9.1 CER ACTIVITIES As per CER Notification, the 1.0% of project Cost (INR 615.0 Crore) i.e.6.15 Crores need to spend for CER activities. As per OM- F. No. 22-23/2018-IA.III (Pt) Dated: 31.10.2019. As per the Latest OM F.No. 22-65/2017-IA.III dated: 30.09.2020, it will be spent as per EAC recommendation and our proposal as follows: Sl.No Activities under CER 2022-2027 1 Waste management facilities such as Bins, Battery auto for garbage collection to local nearby villages Such as Teruvai, 1.01 Kollanur etc. 2 Greenbelt development in Nearby Villages Such as Teruvai, 1.00 Kollanur etc. 3 Solar lighting to nearby villages Such as Teruvai, Kollanur etc. 2.07 4 Sanitation facilities to nearby Government Schools and colleges 2.07 Total 6.15 Crores

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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

10.10 Socio – Economic Environment The proponent is committed to the socio – economic upliftment of the people in region and has actively involved in formulating and implementing proactive measures as part of the corporate social responsibility. Moreover, various modes of indirect employment i.e., transportation, increased business opportunities to shopkeepers, small scale business entrepreneurs etc. will lead to development of the area.

10.11 Ecology  Solid wastes generated during the operation phase are disposed through authorized disposal cum recycle facilities as per the authorization from TNPCB and hence no impact is anticipated due to solid waste in and around the site.  No sewage or effluent will be discharge outside the factory premises. ZLD will be maintained properly.  Stack is proposed to control the release of air pollutants to a greater extent. In addition, thick green belt will attenuate air pollutants released into the environment.  It is expected that the ecology of the region is preserved by these mitigation measures.

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 307

M/s. PCBL (TN) Limited ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

CHAPTER - 11 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY & CONLCUSION

11.1 Project Description M/S. PCBL (TN) LTD is a wholly owned subsidiary of M/s Phillips Carbon Black Limited (PCBL). PCBL is the first Carbon Black company in the world to receive carbon credits. PCBL has redefined its business by establishing captive power plants at each factory from the off- gas or waste gas from the carbon black manufacturing process thus creating a sustainable green movement. The gas, a by-product of carbon black production, is harnessed for generating electricity at the Company's Captive Power Plants (CPP), at Palej, Durgapur, Mundra and Kochi. The Company has heavily cut down on carbon and gas emission, and serves green power to Large Private industrial units and State Electricity utilities. At present, the combined production capacity is 5.71 lakh ton/Annum. Now, PCBL (TN) LTD planned to set up a unit in SIPCOT industrial park, Thervoy Kandigai. Proposed facility will be located at Plot No A7 of Thervoy kandigai Village, SIPCOT Industrial Complex, Gummidipoondi Taluk, Tiruvallur District and Tamil Nadu. The allotted land area is 60.02 Acres (242892.32 Sq.m). The land allotted from SIPCOT industrial complex to the proponent for this proposed project. The project scope involves in the production capacity of 1.925 lakh tone/annum in both rubber and specialized carbon black products along with waste heat recovery based cogeneration Captive power plant (36 MW). These products are widely used in tyres manufacturing, ink jet toners, printing newspaper and other such uses. These product requirements are high in demand.

Product and Capacity Sl. No Description Quantity (in ToR Quantity (In EIA report)* application) 745 MT per day (2,60,750 550 MT per day (1,92,500 MTPA) MTPA) 1 Carbon Black (Considering 350 working (Considering 350 working days) days) Waste heat 50 MW 36 MW 2 recovery

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 308

M/s. PCBL (TN) Limited ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT based Cogeneration CPP *Note : Carbon black Production and CPP capacity was reduced from ToR application due to the Market Strategy and demand

11.2 Description of the Environment Baseline Environmental Status Air Environment The dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere is a function of several meteorological parameters viz. temperature, wind speed and direction, mixing depths, inversion level, etc. The ambient air samples were collected and analyzed for Respirable Suspended Particulate

Matter (RSPM-PM 10 ), Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM-PM2.5 ), Sulphur

Dioxide (SO 2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Ammonia (NH 3), Ozone (O 3), Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As),

Nickel (Ni), Benzene (C 6H6), Hydro Carbon (HC), Carbon Monoxide (CO) & VOC’s were monitored at site and nearby villages for identification, prediction, evaluation and assessment of potential impact on ambient air environment.

3 3 3 The maximum concentration of PM 10 (54.63 g/m ), PM 2.5 (25.83 g/m ), SO 2 (8.11 g/m ),

3 3 NOx (17.45 g/m ), O 3 (13.70 g/m ) was recorded in study area. The minimum

3 3 3 concentration of PM 10 (46.25 g/m ), PM 2.5 (21.75 g/m ), SO 2 (6.55 g/m ), NOx (13.42

3 3 g/m ), O 3 (10.67 g/m ) was recorded in study area.

Sr. Criteria Unit Maximum Minimum Prescribed No. Pollutants Value Value Standard 3 1. PM 10 g/m 54.63 46.25 100 3 2. PM 2.5 g/m 25.83 21.75 60 3 3. SO 2 g/m 8.11 6.55 80 3 4. NO x g/m 17.45 13.42 80 3 5. O3 g/m 13.70 10.67 100

The PM 10 and PM2.5 concentrations at all the AAQM locations were primarily caused by local phenomena including industrial & vehicular activities and natural dust getting air borne due

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M/s. PCBL (TN) Limited ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT to manmade activities and blowing wind. PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations were observed below stipulated standards of CPCB for Industrial, Residential, Rural and Other Area at all air quality monitoring locations during the monitoring period. Results of all parameters are

found within limit. Result of all other parameters i.e. NH 3, Pb, As, Ni, C6H6, BaP & HC were found below detectable limit. The interpretation relates to the results found for particular locations and date of monitoring.

Baseline Ground Water Quality pH of ground water samples varied from 7.56 to 7.98. Turbidity was found 0.5 to 1.0 NTU,

Total Dissolved Solids varied in the range of 245 to 936 mg/L. Total Hardness (as CaCO 3) varied from 120 to 727 mg/L. Total Alkalinity varied from 118 to 482 mg/L. Chlorides and Sulfates are found in the range of 45 to 292 mg/L and 39 to 296 mg/L respectively. Sr. Criteria Pollutants Unit Maximum Minimum Desirable Maximum No. Value Value Limit Permissible Limit 1. pH pH Scale 7.98 7.56 6.5 -8.5 No Relaxation 2. Total Suspended Solids mg/L <2 <2 80 120 3. Total Hardness mg/L 727 120 300 600 4. Fluoride mg/L 0.17 0.42 1 1.5 5. Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 936 245 500 2000 6. Chlorides mg/L 292 45 250 1000 7. Zinc mg/L 0.05 0.15 5 15

Baseline Surface Water Quality pH of surface water samples was found 7.62 to 8.04. Turbidity was found 1.9 to 4.6 NTU,

Total Dissolved Solids was found 158 to 266 mg/L. Total Hardness (as CaCO 3) are found 75 to 140 mg/L. Total Alkalinity varied from 68 to 116 mg/L. Chlorides and Sulfates are found 41 to 70 mg/L and 8 to 20 mg/L respectively. Sr. Criteria Unit Maximum Minimum Value No. Pollutants Value

1. pH pH Scale 8.04 7.62 2. Total mg/L 116 68 Alkalinity 3. Total mg/L 140 75 Hardness

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M/s. PCBL (TN) Limited ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 4. Total mg/L 266 158 Dissolved Solids

Ground Water Quality: Based on comparison study with drinking water standards, it is interpreted that water samples collected from the villages should not be directly used in drinking but can be used in other domestic purposes like washing, bathing and irrigation. Results of copper, lead in the water sample of all the villages are found below detectable. It can be observed that ground water qualities in terms of various essential and desirable characteristics are found within the limits specified by IS 10500:2012.

Surface Water Quality: There are three ponds considered in the study area. However, this water is not used for domestic/industrial activities; as the raw water is easily available through pipelines of local authorities. These water sources cannot be utilized for drinking but the water of these ponds can be used in irrigation. The water quality is good and it was observed that all the parameters are well within the range of acceptance criteria as per IS: 10500.

Baseline Soil Status Parameters like Potassium, Calcium, Total Nitrogen, Bulk Density, etc. were considered. Based on the soil analysis report, the following can be concluded: Sr. No. Criteria Pollutants Unit Maximum Value Minimum Value 1. pH pH Scale 8.34 7.74 2. Potassium (K) mg/kg 390 265 3. Bulk Density gm/cm 3 1.42 1.21 4. Calcium mg/kg 19.6 11.3 5. Total Nitrogen Kg/ha 295 178 6. Organic matter % 1.52 0.97 7. Available Phosphorus KG/HA 41 19.8

The porosity of soils can be considered as moderate too good for air and water movement in the soil and the pH of soils are slightly alkaline. The concentration of available Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium in the soil samples signifies that the soil of the area is fertile.

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M/s. PCBL (TN) Limited ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 11.3 Anticipated Environmental impacts and mitigation measures 11.3.1 Water Requirement, Waste Water Generation and Treatment The total water requirement for proposed manufacturing unit is 3583 KLD. Fresh water requirement is 2785 KLD (In ToR application- 3731KLD) will be sourced from SIPCOT and total recycle water will be 798 KLD. The wastewater generation will be 559 KL/day. Effluent generated shall be treated in ETP consisting of primary treatment facility followed by RO, MEE & ATFD Unit. Wastewater generated from the project will be treated in ETP and Zero Liquid Discharge will be maintained, hence the impact due to the proposed project will be very minimal. The sewage generated will be treated in STP of 50 KLD and the treated sewage will be used for green belt development.

11.3.2 Air Pollution Source and Control Management The source of flue gas emission will be: Fuel Name & Emission source APC measure proposed Stack height Quantity DG set: Adequate stack height as Diesel (500 30m AGL 1x1300 & 1x1200 KVA per TNPCB Norms Lit/hr *Waste gas based Boilers: Off Gases Set-1: 54 MT/hr, 86 kg/cm 2 Adequate stack height as 90m AGL (495197 Set-2: 54 MT/hr, 86 kg/cm 2, per TNPCB Norms Nm3/hr) Set-3:54 MT/hr, 86 kg/cm 2 Note: *In form -1, Boiler capacity is mentioned as 32 TPH, 80 TPH, 24 TPH & 60 TPH (each 1 Nos) One Boiler is removed due to the reduction in production capacity

Adequate Stack Height shall be maintained to prevent air pollution. Process gas emission: Product gases laden with carbon black particle from manufacturing process are filtered at process bag collector and vapor bag collector for separation of carbon black particles from process gases. Off gases filtered through bag collectors are utilized as fuel in steam boiler and dryer combustor.

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M/s. PCBL (TN) Limited ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Emission source APC measure proposed Stack height (m) Adequate stack height as per 2 Nos. of Flare Stacks 50 AGL TNPCB Norms Vapor Bag Collectors – 6 Stacks Bag Collectors 60 AGL Dryer – 6 Stacks Bag Collectors / ESPs 60 AGL Process Bag Collectors – 2 Stacks Bag Collectors / ESPs 50 AGL

Venturi Scrubbers – 2 Stacks Not Applicable 50 AGL Dedusting & Rerun Bag Collectors – 12 Not Applicable 20 m Nos

11.3.3 Hazardous Waste:  Used or Spent Oil @ 6.0 MT/Annum which shall be Collected, Stored, Transported & Disposed by sale to TNPCB authorized Recyclers or reuse in process.  Discarded Drums & containers @ 12 MT/Annum & Discarded liners, waste Paper bags, waste plastic bags& cardboards @ 6 MTPM which shall be Collected, Stored, decontaminated, recycled/Reused & transported back to the supplier for reuse or sold to TNPCB authorized vendor.  ETP Sludge, @ 175MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling or can also be sent to cement plants  WTP Sludge & MEE Sludge @ 3990 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.  Used filter cloth @ 2 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored, Transported & Disposed by sale to TNPCB authorized Recyclers.  Used Oily cotton waste/weather hand gloves/cotton hand gloves@ 2 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.  Discarded filter medium (bag filter) @ 12 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.  Ceramic wool/waste insulation material @ 12 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.

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M/s. PCBL (TN) Limited ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT  Spent Ion exchange Resins @ 1 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.  Oily Sludge Emulsion @ 15 MT /Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.  Used Batteries @ 0.1MT/annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.  Spent Acid Batteries @ 0.024 MT/annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.

11.3.4 Green Belt Total Plot Area = 242892 m 2. Total Green Belt = 81315 m2 i.e. 33% of Total Plot Area shall be developed as greenbelt and other forms of greenery.

11.3.5 Power & Fuel Requirements Details Power and fuel Source Operation Phase: Power Requirement during 11.20 MW * CPP / TANGEDCO Operation Phase Boilers – LDO / HSD 0.700 MT/day** Retail Supplier HSD for DG sets 400 LPD IOC/HP Construction Phase: Power Requirement 0.400 MW DG Set / TANGEDCO Note : * In form-1, Power requirement during operation phase is 15.39 MW ** In form-1, LDO/HSD requirement for boilers are 0.894 MT/day

11.3.6 Capital and recurring cost earmarked for environmental protection measures The estimated project cost is Rs.615 Crores.

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M/s. PCBL (TN) Limited ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT SR.NO. PARTICULARS ESTIMATED COST (INR IN CRORES)

1 Land and Site Development 26.00 2 Building 33.00 3 Plant and Machineries 461.20 4 Environmental Pollution Control 94.80 Measures TOTAL 615.00

11.3.7 Environmental Hazard The project proponent shall consider all the safety aspects in planning, designing and operation of the project as per standard practices. Hence, no adverse impact on this account is anticipated. Adequate pollution control measures will be taken to check any kind of contamination or pollution from the company. Considering the pollution control measures taken by the company environment management system adopted there is no significant adverse impact on environment.

Cumulative Impact Chart ENVIRONMENTAL TOTAL CUMULATIVE PARAMETER SCORE Air Quality -14 Noise and Odour -6 Water Quality -10 Land Requirement -8 Infrastructure -9 Service 15 Environmental Hazards -5 Terrestrial Ecology / Land use 0 Socio Economic Status 12 Aquatic Ecology 0

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 315

M/s. PCBL (TN) Limited ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 11.4 Environmental Monitoring Programme

S. Area of Number of Sampling Frequency of Parameters to be Analyzed No Monitoring Stations Sampling Wind speed and direction, Micro Hourly and Temperature, Relative 1. One Meteorology Daily basis. Humidity, Atmospheric pressure, Rainfall. 2 Stations (one in up Twice a All the 12 parameters as per Ambient Air 2. wind and one in week:24 NAAQ Standards, VOC and Quality down wind) hourly period Hydrocarbons 2 (one within plant Ambient Equivalent premises and one continuous Sound Pressure 3. Noise Once a month outside plant Levels (Leq) at day and Night premises) time. One surface and All the parameters as per IS 4. Water ground water sample Once a month 10500:2012 near the site 2 (one within plant premises and one Once in six Physicochemical properties, 5. Soil outside plant months Nutrients and Heavy metals premises) Effluent inlet and pH, Temp, Conductivity, Oil Weekly Liquid outlet and Grease,TSS, TDS, BOD.. 6. Effluents STP inlet and outlet Monthly pH, TSS, BOD & COD Exhaust from 7. Stack of DG set Monthly PM, SO , NO & CO DG set 2 x Periodic Vehicular 8. Parking area monitoring of Air emission and noise, PCU Emissions vehicles Solid waste / Solid and hazardous 9 Hazardous Once a week Quantity waste storage area waste

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M/s. PCBL (TN) Limited ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 11.5 Additional Studies Storage details

11.6 Project Benefits Though there are minor pollution impacts the project will be beneficial in the following aspects: 1. As seen above there will be marginal impacts on air, noise, water & soil environments. However it will be mitigated by proper measures. 2. The proposed greenbelt will enhance the green coverage in and around the area with aesthetics. 3. Fulfill the market requirement and play a vital role in the manufacture of carbon black which thereby reduce imports and address the market demand and social and health benefits. The products manufactured within these facilities will be exported which will aid in adding foreign exchange to the nation. 4. Water will be recycled and reused in this project. 5. Various skill development, education, health care programmes & infrastructure developments are proposed as CSR and CER, through which many villages around will be benefitted.

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M/s. PCBL (TN) Limited ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 11.7 Environment Management Plan

ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES OF IMPACT MITIGATIVE M EASURE COMPONENTS Water Environment During Construction Phase: Proper management of surface water Construction activity & abstraction of runoff shall be made. water for construction requirement and Soak pit will provide to dispose of sanitation in housing for workers. domestic waste water.

1. Contamination of watercourses by leakage from fuel and materials storage 1. SIPCOT/Private Tankers are the areas. only source of water during the construction phase. 2. Oil and suspended solids in run-off from vehicles and access roads. 2. Storehouse will be located away from the water storage area to 3. Use of heavy machineries and vehicles prevent accidental release or causes compaction of topsoil due to spillage. which a change in the surface water drainage pattern may occur. 3. Proper management of rain water run-off during monsoon and creating bunds to utilize the rain water for construction purpose.

During Operation Phase: 1. Sewage will be treated in STP.

1. Generation of sewage. 2. Industrial effluent will be treated in ETP then treated effluent will be 2. Generation of industrial effluent & reused in plant premises. domestic waste water The sewage generated will be treated in STP of 50KLD and the treated sewage will be used for green belt development. Air Environment During Construction Phase: Barricading the construction area and In the construction phase, activities like site minimizing exposed areas to reduce clearance, site leveling, movements of dust generation. workers and material, construction of road, Areas generating dust during dry transportation activities will generate dust, weather will be sprayed with water. gaseous pollutants and particulate matter Appropriate enclosed areas for storage and affect the air quality. of construction materials. Facilitating the workers with required Personal Protective Equipments. During Operation Phase:

1. Flue gas emission 1. Provide Adequate stack height to control flue gas emission

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M/s. PCBL (TN) Limited ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 2. Product gases laden with carbon 2. Process gas emission black particle from manufacturing process are filtered at process bag collector and vapor bag collector for separation of carbon black particles from process gases. Off gases filtered through bag collectors are utilized as fuel in steam boiler and dryer combustor. Fugitive emission Control equipment for fugitive emissions

 Process shall be closed system  Transfer of the material for proposed plant shall be through pipeline  Leak detectors shall be installed near by the source of leakage  Sweeping on roads.  Proper monitoring system shall be established once the operation starts.  Bitumen roads are laid inside the plant premises. Land Environment During Construction Phase: 1. The removed soil will be properly stored for subsequent The activities carried out during the reinstatement. construction phase will involve a change in 2. Reuse of excess excavated material the land use from vacant industrial land to for road development, green belt a built up industrial land, which will pose development and landscaping. the following impacts on the land 3. A well designed closed depository environment. for storage of construction materials to prevent land/soil 1. Compaction of soil and a change in the pollution. soil structure due to the use of heavy 4. Effective stabilization of altered construction vehicles and machineries. landforms to minimize soil erosion 2. Removal of soil from the site. and the potential for water 3. Mixing of the topsoil and subsoil. pollution (e.g.vegetation). 4. Dispersion of dust. 5. Reuse of construction wastes such as sand, brick, gravel, cement for developing internal road and project structures.

During Operation Phase: The various hazardous waste generated from the process will be stored in a

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 319

M/s. PCBL (TN) Limited ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Generation of Hazardous Waste & solid separate hazardous waste storage area waste from process and properly disposed as per the Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Trans boundary Movement) Amendment Rules, 2016.

The Solid Wastes generated during construction and operation phases will be segregated to organic and inorganic wastes. The organic wastes will be disposed to Municipal bins and inorganic waste will sell to TNPCB authorized vendors. Noise Environment During Construction Phase: During construction phase, the noise will 1. Selection of equipment’s of high mostly be generated from building quality. activities and machineries used for carrying 2. Transportation activities will be out construction. Construction activities carried out only during the day and mainly involve diesel generators, laying of only in case of emergency, the foundation, erection of superstructure, transportation activities will be clearing of obstruction and trees if any permitted in night time. from the proposed area. Activities such as construction of labour camps, onsite office, 3. The vehicles used for construction pneumatic hammers, compressors, activities and transportation of concrete mixers, construction material materials will be provided with the plants however does not cause significant horn of low noise level as noise pollution but if the work continues recommended by RTO/ concerned for longer duration, it can affect the health authorities. of local people and workers involved in the 4. Minimization of operation time of project work. noisy equipment and operation of machineries/equipment that generate high levels of noise only during day time.

5. Inadequate use of plant and equipment, namely, running on full

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M/s. PCBL (TN) Limited ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT power when the work does not necessitate it will be avoided.

6. Personal Protective Equipment’s, education and public awareness and exposure control through rotation of work will be provided to the workers engaged in construction activities in the area generating high levels of noise.

7. Development of green belt during construction stage itself.

During Operation Phase: Oiling and lubrication, Earplugs and Project operation Earmuffs will be provided

Maximum possible area will be covered as greenbelt and other forms of greenery. Infrastructure & Project Development shall be gradual Services Environmental Handling and storage of chemicals & fuels On site & Off -site Disaste r management Hazards plan & Safe practices.

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M/s. PCBL (TN) Limited ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

11.8 SUMMARY An Environmental Impact Assessment Study has been carried out and assessed for the proposed project based on the ToR and baseline quality data collected for the study area. Identification and anticipation of the potential environmental impacts due to the proposed project with a delineation of appropriate impact mitigation measures in an Environmental Management plan during both construction and operation phases is provided in the EIA report prepared. The proposed project will ensure that the industrial activities relevant to the project are environmentally sound with no adverse impacts posed on the natural environment in the surrounding area. The marginal impacts that might be caused by the proposed activity will be mitigated by the pollution control and environmental management measures. In a true and a larger sense, in view of the considerable benefits from the project with no major impacts, the proposed project is said to be more beneficial to the nation. The EMP that will be implemented for the construction and operation stages of the project will include:  Air Pollution control and management  Noise Control and Management  Solid and Hazardous Waste Management  Sewage treatment and Management  Effluent treatment and Management  DMP (Risk Assessment, Onsite and Offsite Emergency Plan)

In order to effectively implement the EMP planned, an environmental management system will be formulated.

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 322

M/s. PCBL (TN) Limited ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 11.9 Conclusion The EIA study of M/s. PCBL (TN) Limited has been carried out with respect to the TORs awarded by MoEFCC, New Delhi. All the impacts likely to have an effect on the environment have been identified and efficient/adequate mitigation measures have been proposed for the same.

Considering the probability of likely impacts, M/s. PCBL (TN) Limited has planned adequate mitigation measures and EMP. Further, M/s. PCBL (TN) Limited shall also undertake CSR/CER activities which shall have beneficial impacts on the socio-economic environment. Measures like rainwater harvesting, energy conservation and greenbelt development are also noteworthy. Looking to the overall project scenario, employment potential and allied development plans; it has been noticed that the proposed project would significantly help in the improvement of the society and nation at large. M/s. PCBL (TN) Limited has committed to implement all the pollution control measures to protect surrounding environment, also this project can definitely improve the regional, state and national economy. Industrial growth is an indication of socio-economic development. The implementation of this project will definitely improve the physical and social infrastructure of the area. The baseline study carried out for the study area indicates that all the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the environmental attributes in the surrounding area are well within the permissible limits. Based on this environmental assessment, the possible impacts during both pre-project and post-project phase are anticipated and the necessary adequate control measures are formulated to meet the statutory compliances. With very minute negative impacts, the project positively leads to commercial business opportunities, employment opportunities, increased revenue and infrastructural development. Thus, this project may kindly be granted Environmental Clearance.

Prepared By : Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 323

CHAPTER – 12 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED

Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Consultants, Engineers &Turnkey Project Executors

NABET/QCI ACCREDITED EIA CONSULTANT MoEFCC APPROVED LABORATORY NABL ACCREDITED TESTING LABORATORY ISO 9001:2015 Certified Company OHSAS 18001:2007 Certified Company

M/S. AQUA – AIR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS PVT. LTD. TEL: +91 (261) 2460854/2461241 324 403, CENTER POINT, NR. KADIWALASCHOOL, EMAIL: [email protected] RING ROAD, SURAT – 395002 (GUJ.) INDIA WEBSITE: WWW.AQUA-AIR.CO.IN

12.1COMPANY PROFILE Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd. is a Surat based company; one of the leading and multidiscipline Environmental Management Consulting firms of the region.

Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd.was founded by Mr. Jayesh S. Patel& Mrs. Archana J. Patelon May 7, 2008 and Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd. was registered under the companies Acton May 7, 2008.

Office having 6,756 Sq. Ft. of area coveringEC/EIA Department, R & D Centre (Environmental Laboratory), Consent (CTE &CC&A) Department, ETP/Project Department, Solar Department, Export Department and Account Department, Library, Conference room andAdministration Department, etc. with experienced and qualified staff to render services in the field of Environmental Management of various types of industries.

Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd. has a well-established track record in monitoring legislation and developing and implementing strategies for organizations that enable them to manage the impact of environmental issues on their business.

The company has built a reputation for delivering innovative and practical solutions to environment related business issues. These solutions help our clients to achieve successful business outcomes and make sustainable environment serving improvements within their business operations.

M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd. has applied to get the recognition as Environmental Laboratory under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 on June 12, 2019. Based on recommendations of the Expert Committee for recognition of Environmental Laboratories in its 63 rd meeting held on 1 st October, 2020, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) approves the recognition of M/s. Aqua Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., considering the current validity of mandatory accreditation / certifications of the laboratory. This recognition shall be valid up to Dec 3 rd , 2021.

M/S. AQUA – AIR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS PVT. LTD. TEL: +91 (261) 2460854/2461241 325 403, CENTER POINT, NR. KADIWALASCHOOL, EMAIL: [email protected] RING ROAD, SURAT – 395002 (GUJ.) INDIA WEBSITE: WWW.AQUA-AIR.CO.IN

Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd. started the process for “EIA Consultant Organization” accreditation under National Accreditation Board for Education And Training (NABET)/Quality Council of India (QCI), New Delhi on January 7, 2010 and submitted the application (Rev. 06) for “EIA Consultant Organization” accreditation under NABET, New Delhi on April 8, 2010. Office assessment was done by external NABET/QCI auditors on Feb. 3& 4, 2011. NABET/QCI closed the application of Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd. on March 15, 2011. Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd. filed SCA in Hon’ble High Court of Gujarat against MoEFCC, QCI & NABET, New Delhi on April 13, 2012. Hon’ble High Court of Gujarat issued stay order against operation of all OMs (related to NABET/QCI Scheme) of MoEFCC, New Delhi for the company on Jan. 24, 2013. MoEFCC, New Delhi published Notification regarding mandatory implementation accreditation scheme of NABET/QCI on March 3, 2016. Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers P. Ltd. along with 11 EIA Consultants of Gujarat filed SCA No. 5312 of 2016 in Hon'ble High Court of Gujarat. Hon'ble High Court of Gujarat gave Stay Order on Apr. 5, 2016 against implementation of Notification dated March 3, 2016 of MoEFCC, New Delhi till further orders.

M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd.have written letter to withdraw their name from Court case from Hon’ble High Court of Gujarat and have received the Withdrawal receipt copy from their Advocate.

M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd.has applied for NABET/QCI Accreditation on March 11, 2020 along with Desktop Assessment – 1 (DA-1) fees covering 22 Sectors.M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd.'s Desktop Assessment – 1 (DA-1) is already completed and all NC’s generated by QCI/NABET secretariat have been closed by Aqua-Air. Aqua-Air has paid the Desktop Assessment – 2 (DA-2) fees and DA-2 was completed on May 28, 2020. Aqua-Air’s Office Assessment took place during Oct. 5 to 8, 2020 & NABET’s Accreditation committee granted accreditation on Nov. 6, 2020 (valid till Oct. 7, 2023) for 16 sectors i.e. Mining of minerals (opencast), Thermal power plants, Cement Plants, Soda ash Industry, Chemical fertilizers, Pesticides industry and pesticide specific intermediates (excluding formulations), Manmade fibers manufacturing, Synthetic organic chemicals industry (dyes & dye intermediates; bulk drugs and intermediates excluding drug formulations; synthetic rubbers; basic organic chemicals, other synthetic organic chemicals and chemical intermediates), Distilleries, Pulp and Paper Industry, Industrial estates/ parks/ complexes/areas, export processing Zones (EPZs), Special M/S. AQUA – AIR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS PVT. LTD. TEL: +91 (261) 2460854/2461241 326 403, CENTER POINT, NR. KADIWALASCHOOL, EMAIL: [email protected] RING ROAD, SURAT – 395002 (GUJ.) INDIA WEBSITE: WWW.AQUA-AIR.CO.IN

Economic Zones (SEZs), Biotech Parks, Leather Complexes, Common hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal facilities (TSDFs), Bio-medical waste treatment facilities, Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs), Common Municipal Solid Waste Management Facility (CMSWMF)&Building and construction projects.

M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd. started the process for ISO/IEC 17025:2005 Accreditation by NABL, New Delhi for the Competence Testing & Calibration Laboratories on June 24, 2008 and submitted the application (Version No. 10) to NABL, New Delhi for ISO/IEC 17025:2005 registration on October 7, 2008. After final assessment and Non-Conformances resolved and corrective actions taken against the Non-Conformances, Laboratory Department,M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd. was accredited with the certification of ISO/IEC 17025:2005 on Oct. 15, 2010 and was valid up to Oct. 14, 2012. Re-accreditation of ISO/IEC 17025:2005 was received on June 5, 2013 and was valid up to June 4, 2015. Re-accreditation of ISO/IEC 17025:2005 was received on Jan. 6, 2016 and was valid up to Jan. 5, 2018. Re-accreditation of ISO/IEC 17025:2005 was received on May 28, 2018 and is valid up to May 27, 2020.

M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd. started the process for ISO 9001:2008 registration for Quality Management System on December 1, 2009 and submitted the application for ISO 9001:2008 registration on March 4, 2010. After final assessment, M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd. was certified from ANAB by M/s. Intertek System Certification on May 4, 2010 and it was valid up to May 4, 2013.We were re-certified on May 4,2013 and it was valid up to May 4, 2016.We were re- certified on May 30, 2016 and it was valid up to Sept. 14, 2018. M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd. got ISO 9001:2015 from M/s. Equalitas Certifications Ltd. on Dec, 4, 2018 and it is valid up to Dec. 3, 2021. M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engrs. Pvt. Ltd. got OHSAS18001:2007from M/s. Equalitas Certifications Ltd. on March 16, 2019 and it is valid up to March 15, 2022.

M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engrs. Pvt. Ltd. applied for recognition as "Schedule–II Environmental Auditor" with Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB) on Sept. 11, 2008 and got its first recognition as "Schedule–II Environmental Auditor" from the GPCB on Dec. 24, 2008 and it was valid from Jan. 1, 2009 to Dec. 31, 2010. M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engrs. Pvt. Ltd. applied for renewal of recognition as "Schedule–II Environmental Auditor" with Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB) on Dec. 21, 2010 and M/S. AQUA – AIR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS PVT. LTD. TEL: +91 (261) 2460854/2461241 327 403, CENTER POINT, NR. KADIWALASCHOOL, EMAIL: [email protected] RING ROAD, SURAT – 395002 (GUJ.) INDIA WEBSITE: WWW.AQUA-AIR.CO.IN

got its second recognition as "Schedule–II Environmental Auditor" from the GPCB on Oct. 24, 2011and it was valid from Jan. 1, 2011 to Dec. 31, 2012. M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engrs. Pvt. Ltd. applied for renewal of recognition as "Schedule–II Environmental Auditor" with Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB) on Dec. 12, 2012 and got its third recognition as "Schedule–II Environmental Auditor" from the GPCB on Jan. 4, 2014and it was valid from Jan. 1, 2013 to Dec. 31, 2014. M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engrs. Pvt. Ltd. applied for renewal of recognition as "Schedule–II Environmental Auditor" with Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB) on Dec. 6, 2014 and got its fourth recognition as "Schedule–II Environmental Auditor" from the GPCB on Jan. 17, 2015and it was valid from Jan. 1, 2015 to Dec. 31, 2016.M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engrs. Pvt. Ltd. applied for renewal of recognition as "Schedule–II Environmental Auditor" (under Modified Environmental Audit Scheme dated Jan. 23, 2015) with Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB) on Nov. 27, 2017 and got its fifth recognition as "Schedule–II Environmental Auditor" from the GPCB on Feb. 13, 2017and it was valid from Jan. 1, 2017 to Dec. 31, 2018.M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engrs. Pvt. Ltd. applied for renewal of recognition as "Schedule–II Environmental Auditor" with Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB) on Nov. 5, 2018 and got its sixth recognition as "Schedule–II Environmental Auditor" from the GPCB on March 28, 2019and it is valid from Jan. 1, 2019 to Dec. 31, 2020.

M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd. received the Certificate of Registration of Trade Mark, Section 23 (2), Rule 62 (1) from Trade Marks Registry, Govt. of India on January 18, 2011.

The company’s work is spread all over Gujarat in India& Oman. Company have already prepared 578 Form-1, 496 EIA & EMP reports, 477 Risk Assessment & DMP reports, conducted 90 Public Hearings and obtained 453 Environmental Clearances so far that includes Mining of minerals including opencast / underground mining, Thermal power plants, Mineral beneficiation, Metallurgical industries (ferrous & non-ferrous), Cement Plants, Chlor-alkali industry, Soda ash Industry, Chemical fertilizers, Pesticides industry and pesticide specific intermediates (excluding formulations), Manmade fibers manufacturing, Petrochemical based processing (processes other than cracking & reformation and not covered under the complexes), Synthetic organic chemicals industry (dyes & dye intermediates; bulk drugs and intermediates excluding drug formulations; synthetic rubbers; basic organic chemicals, other synthetic organic chemicals and chemical intermediates), Distilleries, Pulp and Paper Industry, Sugar Industry, Industrial estates/ parks/ complexes/areas, export processing Zones (EPZs), Special Economic Zones

M/S. AQUA – AIR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS PVT. LTD. TEL: +91 (261) 2460854/2461241 328 403, CENTER POINT, NR. KADIWALASCHOOL, EMAIL: [email protected] RING ROAD, SURAT – 395002 (GUJ.) INDIA WEBSITE: WWW.AQUA-AIR.CO.IN

(SEZs), Biotech Parks, Leather Complexes, Common hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal facilities (TSDFs), Bio-medical waste treatment facilities, Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs), Common Municipal Solid Waste Management Facility (CMSWMF), Building and construction projects & Townships and Area development projects.

Company's MoEFCC Approved Laboratory &NABL Accredited Testing Laboratory has conducted Environmental Monitoring & Analysiswith Environmental Institute and Gujarat Pollution Control Board in Industrial Estates of Ankleshwar, Panoli &Jhagadia.Company is also doing Turnkey/Consulting Projects for M/s. BASF (Detail Engineering for Effluent Treatment Plant) & M/s. Reva Proteins Ltd. (Design of Effluent Treatment Plant, supply of mechanical items, Commissioning and operation of Effluent Treatment Plant).

12.2 ABOUT US Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd. has registered office in one of the top five fastest growing cities of India – Surat. We are one of the most trusted and reliable environmental engineering and consultancy service providers. With complete hold in the related domain and proficiency, we execute our work all over India as well as in Oman. In addition to engineering consultancy, we also execute turnkey projects for effluent treatment plants at the client's site.

Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd is:  One of the leading companies in the region providing high quality services in environmental engineering and consulting to the best of client's satisfaction.  Posses a well - developed design office with Computer Center and Laboratory -cum- R&D Center to carry out designing and analysis in the field of environmental engineering.  Recognized as Schedule-II Environmental Auditor under the Environment Audit Scheme proposed by the Hon'ble High Court of Gujarat.  Listed with Gujarat Pollution Control Board as Consultants and proposing to get enlisted with GPCB as Pollution Control Equipment Suppliers.  Going to become a member of Consulting Engineers Association of India.

M/S. AQUA – AIR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS PVT. LTD. TEL: +91 (261) 2460854/2461241 329 403, CENTER POINT, NR. KADIWALASCHOOL, EMAIL: [email protected] RING ROAD, SURAT – 395002 (GUJ.) INDIA WEBSITE: WWW.AQUA-AIR.CO.IN

 Having well-developed library to render services in the field of environmental auditing, consulting, monitoring and analysis.

12.3 ACHIEVEMENTS 1. Registered under the companies Acton May 7, 2008. 2. Gujarat Pollution Control Board Recognized Schedule – II Environmental Auditor on Dec. 24, 2008. Gujarat Pollution Control Board Recognized Schedule – II Environmental Auditor on May 4, 2011. And last Certificate of Gujarat Pollution Control Board Recognized Schedule – II Environmental Auditor is valid up to Dec. 31, 2020. 3. Certificate of ISO 9001:2008 received on May 4, 2010. Certificate of ISO 9001:2015 received on Dec. 4, 2018 & Certificate is valid up to Dec. 3, 2021. 4. Import Export License received from Government of India on May 31, 2010. 5. Solvency Certificate of Rs. 1,40,00,000/- received from Bank of India, Gopipura branch, Surat on Sept. 3, 2010. 6. Certificate of National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) received on Oct. 15, 2010. And last Certificate of NABL is valid up to May 27, 2020. 7. Certificate of Registration of Trade Mark, Section 23 (2), Rule 62 (1) from Trade Marks Registry, Govt. of India on Jan. 18, 2011. 8. Certificate of Authorization as dealer in India received from Spectrum Technologies, Inc., USA on May 1, 2011. 9. Gujarat Pollution Control Board Recognized Schedule – II Environmental Auditor on May 4, 2011. 10. Certificate of ISO 9001:2008 received on April 1, 2013 (Reassessment). And Certificate is valid up to May 4, 2016. 11. Certificate of National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) received on June 05, 2013. (Reassessment). And Certificate of NABL is valid up to June 4, 2015. 12. Gujarat Pollution Control Board Recognized Schedule – II Environmental Auditor on January 4, 2014 (Reassessment). And Certificate of Gujarat Pollution Control Board Recognized Schedule – II Environmental Auditor is valid up to January 17, 2017. 13. SMERA solar grading SMERA SP 2A.

M/S. AQUA – AIR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS PVT. LTD. TEL: +91 (261) 2460854/2461241 330 403, CENTER POINT, NR. KADIWALASCHOOL, EMAIL: [email protected] RING ROAD, SURAT – 395002 (GUJ.) INDIA WEBSITE: WWW.AQUA-AIR.CO.IN

14. Ministry of New and renewable Energy (MNRE) and Gujarat Energy Development Agency (GEDA) Channel Partner for grid connected Roof Top division. 15. Got registered with Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSME) (UAN: GJ22D0183036) on Dec. 5, 2017. 16. Got Certificate of ISO 9001:2015 ON Dec. 4, 2018 and valid up to Dec. 3, 2021. 17. Got Certificate of OHSAS 18001:2007 on March 16, 2019 and valid up to March 15, 2022. 18. M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd. have already applied for NABET/QCI Accreditation on March 11, 2020 along with Desktop Assessment – 1 (DA-1) fees covering 22 Sectors.

12.4 SERVICE PROVIDE M/s. AQUA-AIR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS PVT. LTD. offers following specialized services in Environmental Engineering, Water Supply Engineering and Civil Engineering.

4.1 TURN KEY/BOOT/BOO PROJECTS

4.1.1 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

Detailed design Water Treatment Plants (WTPs) Construction Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) Fabrication Recycling Plants (RPs) Piping Zero Discharge Plants (ZDPs) Electrification Incineration System Plants (ISPs) Supply Hazardous waste Storage areas (HWSAs) Erection Secured/ Sanitary Landfill Facilities Testing and Commissioning of Effluent Bio–Medical Waste (BMW) Treatment Treatment Plants (ETPs) Facilities on a turnkey or BOOT/BOO basis. Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs)

4.1.2 CIVIL ENGINEERING

Construction of

Water Treatment Plan Elevated Service Reservoirs (ESRs) Sewage Treatment plant Underground Reservoirs (UGRs) Industrial Wastewater Treatment plant Sewage Pumping Stations, etc. M/S. AQUA – AIR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS PVT. LTD. TEL: +91 (261) 2460854/2461241 331 403, CENTER POINT, NR. KADIWALASCHOOL, EMAIL: [email protected] RING ROAD, SURAT – 395002 (GUJ.) INDIA WEBSITE: WWW.AQUA-AIR.CO.IN

4.2 CONSULTING

4.2.1 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

1. Complete study of the Pollution Problem in industries from wastes generation to disposal and providing necessary technical knowledge like– Know how including design Zero Discharge Plants (ZDPs) Basic engineering, detailed engineering Recycling plants (RPs) for reuse of water upto Water Treatment Plants (WTPs) maximum extent Tender preparation for Effluent Treatment Incineration System Plants (ISPs) for various Plants (ETPs) for industrial wastewater non-biodegradable or toxic industrial wastes Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) for Design of Hazardous waste Storage area and residential wastewater Secured/ Sanitary Landfill Facilities Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) Design and Consultancy Services for Bio – Medical Waste Treatment Facilities.

2. Water Supply Distribution System Analysis Tender preparation Design

3. Laboratory Analysis of Ambient Air/Stack/Vent Industrial Waste Water Water Soil Sewage Industrial Sludge

4. Process Study Reduce the pollution at source Reuse / Recycle effluent

5. Pollution Control Facility Performance study of existing Suggesting scheme for the optimization of the facility

6. Environment Management Environmental Clearance from Environmental Impact Assessment Studies (EIAs)  MoEFCC, New Delhi  Short term (Rapid)  SEAC & SEIAA, Gandhinagar  Long term (Comprehensive) Environmental statements Environmental Auditing M/S. AQUA – AIR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS PVT. LTD. TEL: +91 (261) 2460854/2461241 332 403, CENTER POINT, NR. KADIWALASCHOOL, EMAIL: [email protected] RING ROAD, SURAT – 395002 (GUJ.) INDIA WEBSITE: WWW.AQUA-AIR.CO.IN

7. Statutory Requirements under Factory Act Safety Audit HAZOP study On-site / Off-site Emergency Plan

8. For Various Energy Conservation Schemes Energy Audit Design

9. Environmental Management System Preparing Adequacy Report Preparing Efficacy Report

10. Operation and Maintenance (O & M) Effluent Treatment Plants (ETPs) Water Treatment Plants (WTPs) Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs)

11. Air Monitoring Ambient Air Stack Vent

12. Pollution Control Effluent Survey Feasibility Studies Environmental review of Pollution control Laboratory bench scale Treatability studies equipment and systems Pilot Plant studies, etc.

13. Consulting Service Consent to Establish (CTE)/NOC Consolidated Consents & Authorization (CCA) CTE for revised product mix Rule-9 Permission, etc.

14. As per requirements under Factory Act -1948 and Gujarat Factory Rules Monitoring Filling up Form -37 Monitoring &Analysis of Work Area Environment

15. Technical Consultation & assistance to ensure and assure compete Environ-Legal compliance Required permits from statutory bodies Clearance Consents

M/S. AQUA – AIR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS PVT. LTD. TEL: +91 (261) 2460854/2461241 333 403, CENTER POINT, NR. KADIWALASCHOOL, EMAIL: [email protected] RING ROAD, SURAT – 395002 (GUJ.) INDIA WEBSITE: WWW.AQUA-AIR.CO.IN

4.3 EQUIPMENT DESIGN/MFG. / SUPPLY/COMMISSIOIN

4.3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 1. Design, manufacture and supply of Pollution Control Equipment such as

Incinerators with scrubbers Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) units Autoclaves Cyclone Hydro -claves Scrubbers Fixed Aerators Bag Filters, Flume extraction systems Floating Aerators API separator Submersible Aerators (EOLO 2) Vacuum drum filter Submersible Mixers (RIO or BRIO) Filter Press Cascade Aerators Solid Bowl Centrifuge Clarifier mechanisms Packaged sewage treatment plant Agitators Filtration system Clariflocculator Reverse Osmosis Flocculator mechanism DM plant Flash mixes Packaged water treatment plant Oil skimmers Reacting Vessel MBR MBBR

M/S. AQUA – AIR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS PVT. LTD. TEL: +91 (261) 2460854/2461241 334 403, CENTER POINT, NR. KADIWALASCHOOL, EMAIL: [email protected] RING ROAD, SURAT – 395002 (GUJ.) INDIA WEBSITE: WWW.AQUA-AIR.CO.IN