Fear Caused by Ups and Downs of Life

2 Editorial Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 62

Fear caused by ups and downs of life

The fact that life has ups and downs does not seem to be unknown to anybody; but no pru- dent wise man would become either self- conceited or bewildered as a result of the process of these two; since he knows that after the storm, the sea eventually would once again come back to the calm. Therefore, there is no doubt that he, without being affected by self-conceitedness or bewil- derment due to the process of these two, would look for a realistic and acceptable solution, and nothing else. However, according to science and causality, no change would ever take place without the availability of its potential, the existence of a work plan, and its cause or causes, either vertical or horizontal. The vertical ones are out of human control, such as drought, earthquake, avalanche, volcanic eruption, etc.; but the horizontal ones such as war and bloodshed, miscal- culation, with or without corruption, etc. have behavioual roots, and are especially due to management of affairs and daily life. In addition, in case of the availability of its potential and the existence of a work plan as well as its cause or causes, there would be no choice but to happen. Therefore, upon conscious mind, man should always replace fear and loss with an acceptable solution, before the advent of any pre- dictable behavioural change. Dr. Amir Houshang Amini Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 62 Report 3

Iran's foreign trade during the two month of year 1397

(20 March 2018 to 20 May 2018)

According to the statistics of trades volume during the two indicated in the following the I.R of Iran's Customs month of the year 1397 are as tables: Department, the Iran's foreign

Primary import/export statistics of non-oil goods with the calculation of gas’s Liquidities during the two month of 1397

two month of the year two month of the year Percent of changes 1397 1396 Activity Weight Value Weight Value (Thousand (Million (Thousand (Million Weight Value tons) Dollar) tons) Dollar)

Import 5.263 6.797 5.157 6.764 2.05 0.49

Export 18.768 7.739 17.911 6.347 4.79 21.93 4 Report Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 62

Imports:

The most important imports 746 thousand Tons and 986 thousand tons and 357 million during the two month of 1397, million Dollars and 14.17 percent Dollars and 2.38 percent of have been done with countries, as of weight and 14.51 percent of weight and 5.25 percent of value follows: 1) "China" with 524 value, 3) "Republic of Korea" and 5) "Turkey" with 255 thou- thousand tons and 1.736 million with 171 thousand tons and 423 sand tons and 353 million Dollars Dollars and 9.95 percent of million Dollars and 3.26 percent and 4.85 percent of weight and weight and 25.54 percent of value, of weight and 6.22 percent of 5.20 percent of value. 2) "United Arab Emirates" with value, 4) "Germany" with 125

Five main countries dealing with Iran in importing goods according to the value During the two month of 1397

Other countries 1st ChinaQtr

43.28% 2nd Qtr 25.54 3rd Qtr % 4th Qtr Slice 5 United Arab Slice 6 Emirates

Turkey Slice 7 14.51% Slice 8 Germany 5.20% Republic of Korea 5.25% 6.22%

Exports: During the two month of 1397, a petrochemical products and other agricultural, mineral, carpet and compound of exported goods with kinds of goods such as industrial, handicrafts are as follows: the separation of gas liquidities,

Export statistics of goods separating of gas liquidities, petrochemical products And other kinds of goods during two month of the years 1396-97

two month of the year 1397 two month of the year 1396 Share of Total Sort of exported goods Weight value Weight value Weight Dollar (Thousand Tons) (Million Dollar) (Thousand Tons) (Million Dollar) Petrochemical 4.216 2.318 4.348 2.291 -3.05 1.19 products

Gas liquidities 1.972 1.029 2.374 931 -16.92 10.54

Other kind of 12.580 4.391 11.189 3.125 12.44 40.54 goods

Total 18.768 7.739 17.911 6.347 4.79 21.93 Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 62 Report 5

Percent of Weight of Exported goods Percent of Value of Exported goods During the two month of the year 1397 During the two month of the year 1397

Gas liquidities Gas liquidities 10.51% 13.30 1st Qtr 1st %Qtr 2nd Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 3rd Qtr Slice 4 Slice 4 Other kind of goods Petrochemical Products Petrochemical Products Other kind of goods 67.03 22.46% 29.96% % 56.74%

During the two month of 1397, of 1.371 million Dollars and Dollars and 6.25 percent of most of exports have done with 16.19 percent of weight and weight and 7.46 percent of value, the countries, as follows: 17.71 percent of value, 3)"Iraq" and 5)"India" with 1.837 thou- 1)"China" with 3.904 thousand with 2.481 thousand tons and sand tons and value of 460 tons and value of 1.451 million value of 1.162 Million Dollars million dollars and 9.79 percent Dollars and 20.80 percent of and 13.22 percent of weight and of weight and 5.95 percent of weight and 18.75 percent of 15.01 percent of value , 4)"Afgh- value. value, 2)"United Arab Emirate" anistan" with 1.174 thousand with 3.038 thousand tons value tons and value of 577 million

Five mail countries dealing with Iran in exporting goods according to the value During the two month of 1397

China QtrچینOther countries 1st 2nd Qtr 18.75% 35.12% %77.22 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr UnitedSlice Arab5 Emirate Slice 6 17.71% Slice 7 Slice 8 India Iraq Afghanistan 5.95% 15.01% 7.46%

Average price of each ton of exported goods has been 412 Dollars, increasing 16.38 percent in value compared with the similar period last year. 6 Shiraz Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 61 “S h i r a z”

THE MAGNIFICENT CITY OF LOVE & POETRY

Few cities of the world enjoy such exotic names and romantic renown as Shiraz. Shiraz is the capital city of Fars province in Iran. City of Hafez, Saadi & Khaju

A Panorama of Shiraz at Sunset

Shiraz that the West has learned century A.D; its immortal poets, to love, admire and emulate, is its rose bowers and cypresses, the The Allah-o- Akbar (God is mainly the Shiraz of Hafez and warmth and passion of its people, great) Defile-Most travelers ap- Saadi; who rank in the occident the lips of its maidens and the proach Shiraz from the north as Poets' Poets. Hafez is held as ruby tints of its wines have al- through an impressive range of the greatest master of lyric poet- ways lured famous scholar and hills called "Sabouy" and pass ry. Whilst Saadi’s Divan is a travelers to visit Shiraz so much through the Allah-o-Akbar defile. storehouse of wit, poetic thought so that: This is the famous pass which is and lyric delicacy justifying his said to force the traveler to ex- title of the "Nightingale of Shi- "The visitor forgets his homeland claim "God is great" when he raz". Shiraz should be visited in When in May he comes to Shi- emerges from it and beholds Shi- an Iranian frame of mind, per- raz. “Saadi” raz in the vast plain below: … haps after a night with Hafez's This might have held true for ghazals (sonnets) or Saadi’s The visitors to Shiraz are joining Shiraz of less than 100 years ago verses, a jug of Shiraz wine and a these great travelers. We do not but today with the town growing touch of spring. know how many days or weeks to the west and partially con- Shiraz has however a claim to or months they stayed on and cealed by a bluff (at the foot of great antiquity and some 3000 discovered the magic of Shiraz which the famous Quran Gate is years of recorded history; it has for themselves. For those who situated) a better view of Shiraz also an artistic trading for in fact are on a short visit this article may be obtained from the oppo- Shiraz initiated the new era in hopes to provide needed infor- site bank of the valley or from Iranian art in the 13th. and 14th mation. the Baba Kuhi. Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 61 Shiraz 7

THE QUR’AN GATE. Origi- nally built as an ornamental en- trance about more than 1000 years ago, it was ignorantly de- molished about 70 years ago. The present gate was erected on its site, later by a local mer- chant. The Quran Gate is called so because it is believed that in order to dispel evil-eye from the city a Quran was kept on the SHO it permanently. The Quran Gate and its sur- roundings are really a grand stand for a lovely panorama of Shiraz described so lyrically and beautifully by professor Edward Browne who says:

At our very feet in agrassy, fertile” plain girt with purple hills, on the loftier summit of which the snow still lingered, and half concealed -admit gardens of dark stately cy of Persian culture, the mother of a weary of that whereof I had so presses where in the Rose and the Ju- Persian genius. The sanctuary of long dreamed, and found the Ju das tree in luxuriant abundance poetry and philosophy, Shiraz… march, I gazed at last of the reality struggled with a host of other flow- riveted on this my eyes scarcely not merely equal to, but far surpas- ers for the mastery of colour, sweet marked the remoter beauties of the -sing, the ideal which I had con and beautiful in its garb of spring scene. The glitering of azure of ceived. It is seldom enough in verdure, which clothed the very lade maharlu to the interminable one’s life that this occurs. When it roofs of the bazzar, strudded with gardens of Masjed Bardi to the does, one’s innermost being is many a slender minaret and many a west. Word cannot describe the -stirred with an emotion which baf turquoise. Hued dome, lay the home rapture which overcame me as, fles description, and which the most after many -eloquent words can but dimly shad ow forth.” History-Pre-Islamic: Shiraz is most likely more than 4,000 years old. The name Shiraz is mentioned in cuneiform inscrip- tions from around 2000 BC found in southwestern corner of the city. According to some Ira- nian mythological traditions, it was originally erected by Tahmures Diveband, and after- wards fell to ruin. In the Achaemenian era, Shiraz was on the way from Susa to Persepolis and Pasargad. In Fer- dowsi’s Shahname, it has been said that Artabanus V, the Par- thian Emperor of Iran, expanded his control over Shiraz. Ghasre Abu-Nasr (meaning "the palace of Abu Nasr") which is originally from Parthian era is situated in this area. During the Sassanid era, Shiraz was in between the 8 Shiraz Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 61 way, which was connecting Bishapur and Gur to Estakhr. Shiraz was an important regional center under the Sassanians. Islamic period: The city became a provincial capital in 693, after Arab invaders conquered Estakhr, the nearby Sassanian capital. As Estakhr fell into decline, Shiraz grew in importance under the Arabs and several local dynasties. The Buwayid empire (945–1055) made it their capital, building mosques, pal- aces, a library and an extended city wall. It was also ruled by the Seljuks and the Kharazmians before the Mongol conquest. The city was spared destruction by the invading Mongols, when its local ruler offered tributes and submission to Genghis 11th century, several hundred fered a period of decline, wors- Khan. Shiraz was again spared thousand people inhabited Shi- ened by the raids of the Afghans by Taymurelang when in 1382 raz. In the 14th century, Shiraz and the rebellion of its governor the local monarch, Shah Shoja had sixty thousand inhabitants. against Nader Shah; the latter agreed to submit to the invader. During the 16th century, it had a sent troops to suppress the re- In the 13th century, Shiraz be- population of 200,000 people, volt. The city was besieged for came a leading center of the arts which by the mid-18th century many months and eventually and letters, thanks to the en- had decreased to only 55,000. sacked. At the time of Nader couragement of its ruler and the In 1504, Shiraz was captured by Shah's murder in 1747, most of presence of many Persian schol- the forces of I, the founder of the historical buildings of the ars and artists. For this reason the Safavid dynasty. Throughout city were damaged or ruined, the city was named by classical the Safavid empire (1501–1722) and its population fell to 50,000, geographers Dar al-‘Elm, the Shiraz remained a provincial one-quarter of that during the House of Knowledge. Among capital and Emam Qoli Khan, 16th century. the Iranian poets, mystics and the governor of Fars under Shah Shiraz soon returned to pros- philosophers born in Shiraz Abbas I, constructed many pal- perity under the rule of Karim were the poets Saadi and Hafiz, aces and ornate buildings in the Khan Zand, who made it his the mystic Roozbehan, and the same style as those built during capital in 1762. Employing philosopher Molla Sadra. Thus the same period in Isfahan, the more than 12,000 workers, he Shiraz has been nicknamed "The capital of the Empire.] After the constructed a royal district with Athens of Iran". As early as the fall of the Safavid, Shiraz suf- a fortress, many administrative buildings, a mosque and one of the finest covered bazaars in Iran. He had a moat built around the city, constructed an irriga- tion and drainage system, and rebuilt the city walls. However, Karim Khan's heirs failed to secure his gains. When Agha Mo- hammad Khan, the founder of the Qajar dynasty, eventually came to power, he wreaked his revenge on Shiraz by destroying the city's fortifications and mov- ing the national capital to Teh- ran. Although lowered to the rank of a provincial capital, Shi- raz maintained a level of prosperity as a result of the continuing importance of the trade route to the Persian Gulf. Its gover- norship was a royal prerogative throughout the Qajar dynasty. Many of the famous gardens, Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 61 Shiraz 9

trees that still remain. A number of municipal laws prohibit construction in any of the garden areas. In another view, these gardens are the city's lungs and help to clean the dust, and haze or carbon dioxide that cars produce, by photosynthesis. On the other hand, we see Shiraz as being more likely to have clean air in Iran; this is when it is compared to big cities such as Teh- ran or Isfahan, and the reason behind it may lie in Shiraz's many gardens. Climate: Shiraz’s climate has distinct seasons, and is overall classed as a hot semi-arid climate (summers are hot, with a July average high of 38.8 °C (101.8 °F). Winters are cool, with average low temperatures below freezing in December and buildings and residences built known as the capital of Persian January. Around 300 mm during this time contribute to the Art, Culture and Literature. (12 in) of rain falls each year, city's present. almost entirely in the winter During Pahlavi dynasty Shiraz Location: Shiraz is located in months, though in some cases as has become the center of atten- the south of Iran and the north- much as this has fallen in a sin- tion again. Many important west of Kerman Province. It is gle month. landmarks like Tombs of Poets' built in a green plain at the foot Shiraz contains a considerable such as Saadi and Hafiz, has of the Zagros Mountains 1,500 number of gardens. Due to pop- been constructed and presented metres (4,900 feet) above sea ulation growth in the city, many to public. Also the site of well- level. Shiraz is 800 kilometers of these gardens may be lost to known Persepolis was redis- (500 mi) south of Tehran. give way to new developments. covered by the order of the Shah Although some measures have to be excavated and to be val- Gardens and Clean Shiraz: been taken by the Municipality ued. During the Zand dynasty when to preserve these gardens, many Shiraz was the capital of Iran, it illegal developments still en- Modern times: The city's mu- was a small village limited danger them. nicipality and other related insti- around the Arg of Karim Khan tutions have initiated restoration and naturally there were several Economy: Shiraz is the eco- and reconstruction projects. villages near it. The north part nomic center of southern Iran. Some of the most recent projects of old Shiraz (now Qasr al-dasht The second half of the 19th cen- have been the complete restora- and Chamran) was completely tury witnessed certain econo- tion of the Arg of Karim Khan covered with gardens and green mic developments that greatly and of the Vakil Bath, as well as a comprehensive plan for the preservation of the old city quarters. Other noteworthy initia- tives include the total renovation of the Qur'an Gate and the mausoleum of the poet Khwaju Kermani, both located in the Al- lah-o-Akbar Gorge, as well as the restoration and expansion of the mausoleum of the famous Shiraz-born poets Hafiz and Saadi. Several different construction projects are currently underway that will modernize the city's infrastructure. After the Iranian Revolution, Shiraz was re-established as the capital of Iranian Art and Culture among the people. Shiraz is 10 Shiraz Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 61 changed the economy of Shiraz. ment production, sugar, fertiliz- Zone or the SEEZ was estab- The opening of the Suez Canal ers, textile products, wood lished in 2000 with the purpose in 1869 allowed the extensive products, metalwork and rugs of boosting manufacturing in import of inexpensive European dominate. Shiraz also has a ma- electronics and communications. factory-made goods into south- jor oil refinery and is a major The Persian Gulf Complex, lo- ern Iran, either directly from Eu- center for Iran's electronic in- cated at the north end of the rope or via India. Farmers in dustries. 53% of Iran's electron- city, is the largest mall in the unprecedented numbers began ic investment has been centered world in terms of the number of planting cash crops such as opi- in Shiraz. Agriculture has al- shops. um poppy, tobacco, and cotton. ways been a major part of the Vakil Bazaar, one of the oldest Many of these export crops economy in and around Shiraz. bazaars in the world, is located passed through Shiraz on their This is partially due to a relative in the old city center of Shiraz. way to the Persian Gulf. Iranian abundance of water compared to Featuring beautiful courtyards, long-distance merchants from the surrounding deserts. Shiraz caravanserais, and bath houses, Fars developed marketing net- is famous for its carpet produc- its shops are deemed among the works for these commodities, tion and flowers as well. Viti- best places in Shiraz to buy all establishing trading houses in culture has a long history in the kinds of Persian rugs, spices, Bombay, Calcutta, Port Said, Is- region, and Shirazi wine was copper handicrafts and antiques. tanbul and even Hong Kong. produced here. Shiraz is also an Shiraz's economic base is in its Iranian center for IT, communi- Demography: As of 2011, Shi- provincial products, which in- cation, electronic industry, and raz has a population of clude grapes, citrus fruits, cotton transportation. 2,353,696 the majority of whom and rice. Industries such as ce- The Shiraz Special Economic are Persian. Most of the population-n of Shiraz are Muslims. Shiraz also was home to a 20,000-strong Jewish community, although most emigrated to the United States and Israel in the latter half of the 20th century. Along with Tehran and Es- fahan, Shiraz is one of the hand- ful of Iranian cities with a siza- ble Jewish population, and more than one active synagogue. Though officially Muslims, many Shirazi privately practice Zoroastrianism or at least hold it in high regard Shiraz also has a significant Ba- ha'i population, the largest in the country after Tehran. There are currently two func- tioning churches in Shiraz, one Armenian, the other, Anglican. Culture: Shiraz is known as the city of poets, gardens, wine, nightingales and flowers. The crafts of Shiraz consist of inlaid mosaic work of triangular de- sign; silver-ware; carpet- weaving, and the making of the rugs called gilim (Shiraz Kilim) and "jajim" in the villages and among the tribes. Garden is an important part of Iranian culture. There are many old gardens in Shiraz such as Eram garden and Afif abad garden. Eram Garden (Bagh-e Eram) in Shiraz is a striking location for visitors with a variety of plants as well as a historic mansion. Although the exact date of the construction of the garden is not clear, historical ev- Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 61 Shiraz 11 idence suggests it was con- global importance. ince, and one of Iran's best aca- structed during the Seljuk Dyn- demic centers. Shiraz Regional asty on the orders of the cele- Tomb of Saadi: The tombs of Library of Science and Tech- brated Seljuk monarch Sinjar. Hafez, Saadi, and Khaju-ye nology is the largest provincial Shirazi wine originates from the Kermani (whose tomb is inside library serving the public. city; however, under the current a mountain above the city's old Virtual University of Shiraz is Islamic regime, liquor cannot be Qur’an Gate. Other lesser one of the sub colleges of Shiraz consumed except by religious known tombs are that of Shah University. minorities. Shoja' (the Mozafarid emir of Shiraz is proud of being mother- Persia, and patron of Hafiz), and Transportation: Shiraz serves land of Hafiz Shirazi, Shiraz is a the Haft Tanan mausoleum, as the largest airport in the center for Iranian culture and where seven Sufi mystics are southern region of Iran. After has produced a number of fa- buried. undergoing renovation and re- mous poets. Saadi, a 12th- and development work in 2005, Shi- 13th-century poet was born in Mosques of Shiraz: The oldest raz Airport was identified as the Shiraz. He left his native town at mosque is Atigh Jame' Mosque, second-most-reliable and - a young age for Baghdad to which is one of the older modern airport in Iran (after study Arabic literature and Is- mosques in Iran, followed by Imam Khomeini International lamic sciences at Al-Nezamiye Vakil Mosque and Nasir al- Airport of Tehran) in terms of of Baghdad. When he reap- Molk mosque. The Vakil flight safety including electronic peared in his native Shiraz he Mosque is situated west of the and navigation control systems was an elderly man. Shiraz, un- famous Vakil Bazaar. It covers of its flight tower. der Atabak Abubakr Sa'd ibn an area of 8,660 square meters Zangy (1231–1260) was enjoy- (93,200 square feet) and was Metro: A metro system started ing an era of relative tranquility. built in 1187 (AH) during the in Shiraz in 2001 by the Shiraz Saadi was not only welcomed to Zand Dynasty. Urban Railway Organization the city but he was highly re- The citadel of Arg of Karim which contains three lines. The spected by the ruler and enu- Khan sits adjacent to the Vakil length of the first Line is merated among the greats of the Bazaar and Vakil Bath at the 22.4 km (13.9 mi), the length of province. He seems to have city's central district. the second line will be 8.5 km spent the rest of his life in Shi- The most famous of houses are (5.3 mi). The length of the third raz. A number of scientists also Zinat-ol-Molook House and line will be 16 km (10 mi). 21 originate from Shiraz. Qotb al- Ghavami’s House, both in the stations were built in route one. Din al-Shirazi, a 13th-century old quarters of the city. The three lines, when complet- astronomer, mathematician, ed, will have 32 stations below physician, physicist and scientist Education: Shiraz University of ground, six above, and one spe- was from Shiraz. In his The Medical Sciences was the first cial station connected to the Limit of Accomplishment con- university in Shiraz and was railway station. The first line cerning Knowledge of the Heav- founded in 1946. Much older is was started in October 2014 be- ens, he also discussed the possi- the Khan Theological School, tween Zandiye and Ehsan sta- bility of heliocentric. with about 600 students; its tile- tions. A single ticket costs 5000 covered buildings date from rials, with trains operating every Tourism attractions: The city 1627. 15 minutes. Line 1 will be ex- is one of the key tourism sites in Today Shiraz University is the tended to reach the airport in the Iran, its cultural heritage is of largest university in the prov- future. Bus: Shiraz has 71 bus lines with 50,000 buses. Iran's third Bus Rapid Transit opened in Shiraz in 2009 with two lines, and a further two planned to open in 2010. Service is free on 5 May, the day of the city. Railway: Shiraz is connected with the rest of Iran's railway network. The trains arrive and leave from Shiraz railway station, Iran's largest railway station according to surface area. It has passenger trains, operating six days per week to Isfahan, Tehran and Mashhad. 12 Zand Dynasty Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 62

ZAND DYNASTY

Following the downfall of the Both town have claim to great step. He dreamt of huge Plaza in Safavid- and after the meteoric antiquity and both monarchs in the center of the present city (fol- conquest of NADER SHAH –a their zeal for Islamic art aimed lowing the great plan of new native dynasty, the ZAND, at covering with an ashlar of Is- Maimane Shah in Esfahan) started to rule (excluding Khora- lamic appearance most Persian flanked by a mosque ( the san) Persia from Shiraz, until the cities which through ages of ne- VAKIL Mosque), a bazaar(the founding of the Qajar dynasty by glect VAKIL Bazaar),the city Fort and Āḡā Mohammad Khan Qajar (r. and decay, had deteriorated and a vast avenue on the lines of the 1779-97). lost their Persian character. famous Chaharbagh of Esfahan; Modern Shiraz, as described in Karim Khan Zand was in truth a even a Summer Pavilion.(the the following, is essentially a King of Kings, but to propitiate present Museum), similar to ZAND or Vakil town the public or out of personal Chehel Sotoon. . . Karim Khan, (1164-93/1751-79). modesty or perhaps for political A bazaar (the VAKIL Bazaar), The founder of the Zand dynasty reasons declined in to accept the. the City Fort and a vast avenue who ruled Persia in 18th century, Title. Instead he called himself on the lines of the famous Cha- tried to make of Shiraz what The VAKIL –UL- ROAYA i.e. harbagh of Isfahan; even a sum- Safavid line – notably the Great Deputy of people. mer pavilion. (The present Mu- Shah Abases – had made of Es- The term VAKIL has therefore seum), similar to Chehel fahan in the two previous centu- been used for all the great patriot Sotoon… ries. and zealous Shah Abbas step by Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 62 Zand Dynasty 13

VAKILI buildings, though damaged somewhat, withstood all the catastrophes and enough remains to show the taste, the art, the ar- chitecture and the industry of the time. Karim Khan devoted his efforts to reviving trade and agriculture in Fars and western Persia. He rebuilt Shiraz, concluded commercial agreements with the Brit- ish East India Company at Bu- shehr, and in 1775-79 he besieged and occupied Basra in Ot- toman Iraq. The dynasty’s reputation rests on its founder Karim Khan, who was able not only to weld together an army from the different Ira- nian pastoral tribes of the Zagros but also to build a measure of Vakil Bath trust and some lasting alliances However, whereas Shah Abbas etc., takes up the great Plaza that with the bureaucrats and mag- had the time, money and power Karim Khan created was in nates of the major cities of west- to realize his dreams, karim Khan course of time reduced and in ern and southern Persia (Isfahan, Zand was always harried by his modern times. The extensive Shiraz, Tabriz, and Kerman). His rivals the Qajar tribe whose eu- gardens on whose ground Karim shrewd economic policies and nuch ruler Aga Mohammad final- Khan’s private palace stood notable humanity are recorded in ly overthrew the Zand Dynasty shrank to its present size, the many popular anecdotes. His and tried to obliterate Karim Qajar ruler took many a work of successors destroyed his Khan’s work. This ill-tempered art to his new Capital in Tehran, achievements through their inter- and greedy ruler who had once and to complete his destructive necine warfare; they could not served the great khan even dese- work Nature shook the earth of inspire confidence in the urban crated his tomb after the hands of Shiraz twice within 30 years with establishment, as typified by Ḥāji Fortune favored him. two terrible earthquakes about Ebrāhim, and so forfeited the The Bank Melli, Post & Teleg., 140 and 170 years ago. Zand mandate to the Qajars. Justice Dept., The Municipality

Quran Gate 14 Hafez Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 62

“Hafez” A poet inspired by prophets “The beauty of his language, the charm of his style, the sweet flow of his verse, and the pas- sionate expression of his feeling, whether it be in the lyrical outpouring of his own love, of in the mystic ecstasy of a spiritual devotion veiled under the guize of material image, entitle Hafez to rank even in the occident as a poet’s poet.” A.V.W.Jackson. in “warner’s Library of the World’s Best Literature”

Hafez needs no introduction. He and the uncertainty of fortune did is emulated in the West and not bend his courage to dedicate adored in the East where from a life-time to meditation and the shores of the Nile to the Sea open criticism of worldly self- of Japan his lyrics have inspired seekers, hypocrites and false scholars, philosophers, thinkers, moralists. He was a prolific writ- poets, artists, writers, painters er and over 6000 verses of his and even kings for centuries. In remain. Hafez has been translat- the West, Hafez is known in elite ed in almost all western lan- circles as poets’ poet, a master to guages. be emulated, a model never to be Hafez died in 1388 and was bur- reached. ied in a public garden which he Hafez was inspired by an inner had loved all his life. A mausole- light, personified in a mythical um was built for him 60 years prophet (Khizr-the emblem of later. Eternal Youth) and his love was The present pavilion dates from in so intimate a communion with 1936 when His Late Majesty Re- the Beholder of Eternity that he za Shah Pahlavi, ordered that the could say: garden around his tomb be closed Ay, sully your prayer mat with to public burials. The mausoleum wine if can be visited from 8 to 20 hours, The elder encourage such sin the best time being about 5.p.m. . For the traveler surely should It is very difficult to quote a know all verse of Hafez as a specimen of The manners and ways of the rulers. The aftereffects of the his work, for to speak of Hafez, INN Mongol Invasion held Persian one must speak of Love, and he Born about 1324 A.D., Hafez aghast, the impending danger of very ably opens his book with the lived at a time of national misfor- fresh onslaughts by tamerlane, significant verse we quote over- tune, upheavals and changes of the abject conditions of the time leaf. Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 62 Sa’di 15

“Sa’di” The nightingale of Shiraz “I saw some handfuls of the rose in bloom, with bands of grass suspended from a dome, I said what means this worthless grass that it should in the roses fairy circle sit? Then wept the grass and said be still and know the kind their old associate never forego, mine is no beauty, here, or fragrance-true. But in the garden of the Lord I grew” Sa’di-Gulistan Perhaps no other poet of the His Divan of complete works has slaved and set to digging in Trip- world is so versatile as Sa’di. He been many times edited, pub- oli, saw India, Africa and Asia is equally at home with didactic lished and translated in almost all Minor. Sa’di derived his pen- and philosophic thoughts as with languages of the world. name from the Atabeg King un- lyrics and witticism, and it is a Sa’di’s “Gulistan” is his chief der whose reign he lived in Shi- safe guess to say that no Persian work and a standard for eloquent, raz. His tomb was held in respect poet is quoted so often as Sa’di flowing, concise and effective and reverence by his compatriots. by other poets, men of letter, Persian. The book has eight Flandin and Coste drew a sketch kings and beggars alike. His say- chapters on such subjects as: of it in the eighteenth century. It ings, maxims, amorphisms and 1)Kings,2)Dervishes,3)Contentment, was rebuilt many times and final- wise counsels are second to none. 4)Taciturnity,5)Love and Youth, ly the brick building was His formidable gift of repartee, 6)Old Age and Decrepitude, 7) Edu- demoliched in 1984 and the pre- his vast knowledge of the world- cation, 8)Manners. sent mausoleum, finished 4 years ly ways of people, his great talent Interested readers will be able to later was built in 1952, in a vast for crisp storytelling and his get the Persian “Gulistan” almost garden of 7700 sq. meters. It is beautiful lyrics have all com- in any Persian village, and trans- one of the sights of Shiraz. bined to made this extraordinary lations in almost any capital of As an illustration of Sa’di’s seri- man the idol of his countrymen, the world. The lines quoted under ous work we give you a free and he is quoted in conversation the heading of this chapter are translation of three lines from a and in writing as much as Shake- from “Gulistan” and as an illus- poem inscribed on one of the speare is quoted in the West. tration of his humor, the follow- walls of his tomb. Sa’di was born about a century ing story is worth quoting; “o! erring Sufi in pain for fame and a half before Hafez, some- “a man with a very disagreeable And bound by the chains of shin- time between 1181 and 1184 voice was loudly reciting the ing name, A.D., and died in A.D. 1291 i.e. Quran. Someone asked him how Thou shalt not be relived of this about 30 years before Hafez was much he was paid for reciting. pain born. Hafez emulated Sa’di and Offended the man said “PAID! I if the Wine to dregs dost not thou accepted him as the master of am not paid. I recite for the sake drain lyrics. And in fact about one of God! “then” the other replied, What loss of gain will there ever third of Sa’di’s voluminous work “for God’s sake don’t!” be is in the lyric vein. His most im- Sa’di lived to be a centenarian, For the beholder of eternity, portant books are Gulistan of travelled much and saw the If one recite the quran by heart, “Garden of Roses” and Bustan of world of his time. He was taken Or as idolater from bere de- “Garden of Perfumes”. prisoner by the Crusaders, en- part?” 16 The Iran Nuclear Deal Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 62

The Iran Nuclear Deal – Enter in Unchartered Territory

Written by: Dr. Justine Walker, Head of Sanctions Policy, UK Finance and Jarrett Blanc, Senior Fellow, Geo-economics and Strategy Program, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

Over recent months, UK Finance with those on the SDN list will has written on the escalating face potential US secondary transatlantic divergence in sanc- sanctions for engaging in ‘signif- tions policy and the impact for icant transactions’. In short, sub- our members in assessing their stantially all secondary sanctions sanctions compliance posture and suspended as part of the JCPOA risk exposure. The impact of last are expected to be back in force. night’s US withdrawal from the For countries importing Iranian international nuclear deal, com- oil, the impact is considerable. monly known as the Joint Com- The US Treasury Department prehensive Plan of Action FAQs issued last night indicate (JCPOA), should not be underes- that countries are expected to timated. begin reducing purchases imme- The United States was one of JCPOA, EU governments are diately in order to qualify for eight signatories party to the in- looking to Washington to set out significant reduction exceptions ternational agreement which was how they intend to create a ‘Plan following the 180-day wind struck during President Barack B’ and build a negotiated solu- down period. Obama’s administration in 2015. tion to shared concerns. A solu- Additionally, the Treasury De- Aside from the US and Iran, the tion which by necessity will need partment has indicated that it other signatories are China, to include Iran, China and Russia plans to cancel the JCPOA au- France, Germany, Russia, the as well as countries in the region. thorisation of the import of Irani- UK and the EU. The deal itself At a practical level, there is a fair an carpets and foodstuffs into the was painstakingly negotiated amount of ambiguity about how US as well as most licences re- over 12 years and enshrined in the US will implement their new lated to sales to Iran’s aviation UN Resolution 2231 (2015). policy. The guidance issued by sector. US General Licenses un- The decision of the US Admin- the Treasury Department last related to the JCPOA appear istration to withdraw from the night offers at best partial an- likely to remain in place. deal and to re-impose American swers for European governments Finally, in accordance with guid- sanctions on Iran has been met to decide on how to respond and ance provided in December with dismay across European for third country actors to decide 2016, firms can continue to re- capitals. As the UK Foreign Sec- how (or whether) to comply. We ceive payments due from Iranian retary indicated this afternoon in can assume significant further entities per the original contract the House of Commons “under guidance will be forthcoming. terms more-or-less in perpetuity, the agreement, Iran has relin- Broadly speaking, the US Ad- though there are of course some quished 95 per cent of its low- ministration is offering three dif- restrictions on this permission. enriched uranium, placed two ferent ‘wind down’ periods for During these wind-down periods, thirds of its centrifuges in stor- different types of transactions. key US and non-US government age, removed the core of its For most trade and commerce, actors will continue to make pol- heavy water reactor – thus clos- there is a 90-day wind down. icy decisions that will matter a ing off the plutonium route to a Whilst for most energy transac- great deal to financial institutions bomb, and allowed the Interna- tions there is a six-month wind and wider commercial operators. tional Atomic Energy Agency to down. However, due to the com- First, the US will need to decide mount the most intrusive and plexity of the secondary sanc- how forcefully it intends to en- rigorous inspection regime ever tions threat levelled against Ira- force the re-imposed sanctions devised, an obligation on Iran nian oil consumers, licit transac- and whether to impose any new that lasts until 2040.” tions will continue long past that sanctions on Iran (though with The declaration by the EU High point. the JCPOA sanctions back in Representative further stated this We can expect that by the end of place, Iran will be so thoroughly afternoon that the lifting of nu- the 180-day wind down period, sanctioned that new measures clear-related sanctions is an es- the US Treasury will re-list Ira- would be largely symbolic). sential part of the agreement and nian companies removed from Similarly, the US has so far indi- stressed that the EU remains de- the US SDN list as part of the cated that it will not attempt to termined to work with the inter- JCPOA and return companies use the JCPOA dispute and UN national community to preserve currently on the ‘EO 13599’ list ‘snap back’ mechanisms which the deal. Now that the Trump to the SDN list. Once returned, would theoretically allow the US Administration has left the non-US companies engaging to move unilaterally to re-impose Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 62 Iran appoints 7 new ambs., representatives 17

Security Council sanctions. This show down over US secondary sanctions. UK Finance members, would put the EU and its Mem- sanctions as European govern- along with the wider financial ber States into a very uncomfort- ments seek to protect their firms and business sector, will be well able position of either defying from the US, posing difficult is- advised to monitor closely this binding UN sanctions or re- sues for European companies. rapidly evolving situation and to imposing sanctions on Iran Third, other countries, including carefully monitor the legal, polit- against their own strong policy China, Russia and India, will ical and diplomatic context. In preferences. Over time, there is need to decide to what extent support of this, our UK Finance likely to be pressure from Iran they comply with US sanctions Sanctions Panel will work close- hawks in Washington to use this threats or, alternatively, approach ly with all relevant stakeholders tool. this as an opportunity to further to ensure our members have a Moreover, theoretically ‘snap strengthen their commercial posi- clear picture of risk exposure. back’ in this context is a new and tions in Iran. This will include: a) preparing a untested procedure. There have Despite the vast amount of polit- paper for EU governments on the been claims that the US can no ical uncertainty, what we can be impact of secondary sanctions longer use the dispute procedure sure of is that the geopolitical and practical implication of what and thus snap back because it has context has entered unchartered is meant by ‘significant transac- ‘withdrawn’ from the deal. In territory. EU leaders are now tions’; b) hosting a webinar de- truth, there just remains too much strategising on how to ensure EU tailing implications of a US uncertainty. The provision was companies can continue to en- withdrawal; and c) working with drafted with the view of Iranian gage with Iran and what, if any, EU and US governments authori- non-compliance and not a US protections can be given against ties to ensure members are kept withdrawal. That said, if Iran at US secondary sanctions. abreast of key policy decisions. some point in the future were to Equally, Iran has articulated that It remains to be seen whether the withdraw from the deal and re- their continual commitment to Iran deal will hold together with- sume enrichment, political EU– the deal will depend on France, out the US. For now, as long as Iranian tensions would escalate Germany and the UK ensuring Iran continues to implement its and snap back would be far more meaningful benefits and access to nuclear-related commitments, the likely. EU financial markets. How EU ball is very much in the EU’s Second, Iran has announced that governments ensure this will in- court to find new ways of ensur- it will keep to the nuclear re- volve concerted collective action ing sanctions relief. strictions in the deal for now in and a response along the lines order to see what the EU, China, which we have not seen before. Tagged on: Sanctions and Russia can offer to make up Furthermore, past efforts to insu- Dr. Justine Walker, Head of Sanc- for the benefits the US has with- late EU companies from US tions Policy, UK Finance and Jarrett drawn. European leaders have sanctions, such as the widely re- Blanc, Senior Fellow, Geoeconom- signalled that they will engage in ferred to ‘blocking statute’ have ics and Strategy Program, Carnegie this conversation with Iran and been widely viewed as ineffec- Endowment for International Peace the other remaining JCPOA par- tive and will be unlikely to offer 9th May 2018 Insight ticipants. This could set up a any real protection against US

Iran appoints 7 new ambs., representatives

TEHRAN, Jul. 1 (MNA) – Irani- Nations and other International 5- Fereydoun Haqbin as Ambas- an Foreign Ministry has released Organizations in Vienna, Austria. sador of the Islamic Republic of the names of new representatives 2- Mohammad-Jalal Firouznia as Iran to Canberra, Australia. and ambassadors appointed to 7 Ambassador of the Islamic Re- 6- Seyyed Taha Hashemi as Am- countries and international bod- public of Iran to Beirut, Lebanon. bassador of Islamic Republic of ies across the world. 3- Mohammad-Reza Haji-Karim Iran to Vatican City, Vatican. The newly appointed representa- Jabbari as Ambassador of the 7- Kazem Shafei as Ambassador tives and ambassadors are as fol- Islamic Republic of Iran to Bern, of the Islamic Republic of Iran to lows: Switzerland. Ljubljana, Albania. Also, during 1. Kazem Gharib-Abadi as Am- 4- Massoud Edrisi Kermanshahi last week, three other Irainan bassador and Permanent Repre- as Ambassador of the Islamic ambassadors to Japan, China and sentative of the Islamic Republic Republic of Iran to Warsaw, Po- UN Office in Geneva were ap- of Iran to the offices of United land. pointed and announced as well. 18 Financial Action Task Force (FATF) Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 62

Financial Action Task Force (FATF)

In June 2016, the FATF wel- world. Some UK banks will un- comed Iran’s high-level political dertake Iran business; others will commitment to address its strate- not and would rather close the gic AML/CFT deficiencies, and customer’s account than do so. its decision to seek technical as- The banks that will, do so, confi- sistance in the implementation of dentially, for their best long-term the Action Plan. In light of Iran’s customers, usually transaction by demonstration of its political transaction not on a treaty basis. commitment and the relevant This means that the banking sys- steps it has taken in line with its We value the JCPoA's compre- tem doesn’t generally provide Action Plan, the FATF has decid- hensive structure and the com- Iran trade finance services. ed to continue the suspension of mitment by all parties to its solid Those banks that will not provide counter-measures. The FATF will verification mechanism. We banking services for trade with keep monitoring progress in the commend and continue support- Iran also do what they can to in- implementation of the Action ing the IAEA in its crucial work hibit the rest of the market from Plan and consider next steps. in Iran, including monitoring and doing so, by implying that they Iran will remain on the FATF verification to help ensure com- would withdraw clearing or cor- Public Statement until the full pliance with Iran's JCPoA com- respondent banking. This leaves Action Plan has been completed. mitments and safeguard obliga- "unbanked" exporters for Iran to Until Iran implements the tions, thus playing a key role in construct specific payment measures required to address the fostering mutual trust. We stress routes. These involve using the deficiencies identified in the Ac- the need for all parties to entirely buyer suggested payment ar- tion Plan, the FATF will remain and consistently fulfil all their rangements, if necessary, in com- concerned with the terrorist fi- commitments under the JCPoA in bination with banks which will nancing risk emanating from Iran good faith. undertake banking services for and the threat this poses to the "We reaffirm the need for Iran to Iran trade (usually the corre- international financial system. strictly abide by all its nuclear spondents of Iranian banks, EIH The FATF, therefore, calls on its related commitments. UN Securi- and others) so that the UK ex- members and urges all jurisdic- ty Council Resolution 2231 needs porter’s payments are unknown tions to continue to advise their to be fully implemented, includ- to their UK bank. This involves financial institutions to apply en- ing its provisions prohibiting the risk to the exporter, of course. hanced due diligence to business transfer of arms. We deeply re- This may be happening as UK relationships and transactions gret Iran's testing of ballistic mis- exports increased by about 30% with natural and legal persons siles; as such tests are incon- in the first 6 months of 2016 by from Iran, consistent with FATF sistent with UN Security Council comparison with the similar peri- Recommendation 19. The FATF Resolution 2231. od for the year before. This pay- urges Iran to fully address its "We call upon Iran to play a con- ment procedure happened under AML/CFT deficiencies, in par- structive regional role by contrib- sanctions for allowable exports. ticular those related to terrorist uting to efforts to achieve politi- Something similar happens in financing. The FATF will contin- cal solutions, reconciliation and Germany, Italy and other EU ue to engage with Iran and close- peace in Syria, Iraq, and Yemen countries. Germany has a large ly monitor its progress and other parts of the region and number of small regional banks, G7 Foreign Ministers' Statement to cooperate in countering the many of whom are willing to on Iran and the JCPOA The fol- spread of terrorism and violent provide payment services for lowing is an excerpt from the re- extremism. We also call on Iran Iran. These smaller banks are not cent Joint Communiqué of the G7 to comply with its international constrained by the ability of the Foreign Ministers meeting in human rights obligations and in big German banks to hold the Lucca, Italy 10-11 April 2017: particular to ensure freedom of market to their own management "We support the Joint Compre- expression and to end arbitrary policies on Iran. The Iranian hensive Plan of Action (JCPoA) detentions and executions." banks in London could provide a as an important contribution to Banking Matters route through this, if they were the non-proliferation regime. As at the end of October 2016, not hamstrung by clearing and Continued and full implementa- banking services for Iran trade correspondent relationships in the tion of the JCPoA is essential to transactions are not generally UK. The term of the market does build confidence that Iran's nu- available in the UK. They are not go beyond 360 days at pre- clear program is exclusively more so, but still limited in other sent, although Iran is beginning peaceful in nature. EU countries and around the to call for longer-term credit. Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 62 Boris Johnson might finally resign 19

Boris Johnson might finally resign at the Brexit summit as Theresa May gets ready to compromise

Andrew Grice The Independent

Although time is fast running out “third country”, and probably at to secure a Brexit deal, Theresa the last minute. But May will May is still going round in . need to move further on the ECJ, In March last year, when she one of her red lines. The EU triggered the two-year Article 50 leaders, meeting without May exit process, the prime minister this morning, made clear their warned the EU “failure to reach frustration at the lack of a UK agreement would mean our co- plan but offered to change their operation in the fight against red lines if she dilutes hers. It is crime and terrorism would be an olive branch she would be weakened”. That was seen as wise to grab. promises has arrived. Is this a blackmail by the EU and went cunning master plan May had all down so badly that May backed along, which explains why she down. In her Florence speech six has repeatedly put off difficult months later, she promised that, decisions to another day, exas- whatever happened in the nego- perating UK and EU officials tiations, “the UK is uncondition- and ministers alike? I doubt it ally committed to maintaining very much. Her priority – day-to- Europe’s security”. day survival – leaves little room However, May has now revived for grand strategy. her threat. She warned the 27 EU The compromises could include leaders at their Brussels summit The Brussels summit was long sticking close to the EU single last night they were putting their seen as a significant milestone market for goods, which might in citizens’ lives at risk towards a Brexit deal. At the turn require a form of free by restricting co-operation with very least, agreement was ex- movement for EU workers with the UK on crime and terror- pected on how to avoid a hard a job to take up in the UK, a ism after Brexit. It won front- border in Ireland. But it ended close customs arrangement for page headlines at home, and today with no sign of progress. the near future, a bigger remit for tossed a tiny bone to the hardline EU officials now eye the 18-19 the ECJ and continuing budget Brexiteers demanding she “gets October summit as the critical payments. To Brexiteers such as tough” in the negotiations. But it moment. In their diaries, they Boris Johnson, this would was a desperate diversionary tac- have ringed the Conservative amount to a soft Brexit – in his tic to distract attention from the Party conference ending on 3 eyes, worse than EU member- UK’s woeful failure to produce a October; they hope May will ship, since the UK would have Brexit blueprint, two years after “get serious” after clearing that no say over single market rules. the referendum and only nine hurdle. But a deal now looks un- It might be the moment when he months before it leaves the EU. likely before the EU’s December resigns, and he might not be The threat again played badly in summit. alone. Brussels, where it was seen as a UK cabinet ministers have al- May’s dilemma is that the White step backwards at a time when ways admitted privately that time Paper due to be agreed at Cheq- both sides agree they urgently was their biggest enemy; the EU uers needs to be specific in order need to move forwards. May was would have the whip hand as the to break the logjam in the EU trying to appeal over the heads of clock ran down to 29 March, negotiations. But she might be the commission, which handles 2019. Despite talk by both sides tempted to make it a Green Paper the talks, in the hope the 27 lead- about stepping up preparations in all but name, with options ra- ers order it to show more flexi- for a “no deal” departure, Brus- ther than firm proposals, in an bility. The commission takes a sels knows the lack of planning attempt to keep everyone on black and white view of the by London makes it empty rheto- board and prevent resignations. world; the EU is a rules-based ric. Now May will try to turn the May should finally face down organisation and if you are in the lack of time into her friend. the hardline Brexiteers and de- club, you obey all the rules. When the cabinet meets at her liver the blueprint the EU needs On security, that means the full Chequers country retreat next to advance the talks. As one jurisdiction of the European Friday, she will argue that time Brussels source told me today: Court of Justice (ECJ). May is is running out to secure a good “The Brits are cutting it fine, to prepared to respect the ECJ’s deal, with only six working say the least; the longer they remit on case law, but not its di- weeks before the October sum- wait, the worse deal they will rect jurisdiction. There is a deal mit because of the summer get.” to be done with the UK as a break. So the moment for com- 20 Oil & Gas Consortium Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 62

Oil & Gas Consortium

UK Oil and Gas Con- and Wastewater Op- sortium signed a eration and Mainte- heads of Agreement nance Fair. with the National Iranian South Oil Mining: Company on May 16  Following Iran in Tehran. The Mining Technology agreement is to in- Summit, DIT Iran is crease production of following up on trade Karanj Oil field by opportunities be- 55,000 Barrels per tween the two coun- day for the next ten tries and the visit of years. The estimated Dr. Karbasian, Depu- value of the Contract ty Minister and is £900 Million. DIT Chairman of the Tehran has been sup- Board of the Iranian porting the efforts of Mines & Mining In- Pergas for the past dustries Development two years. The cere- & Renovation Organ- mony is covered ex- ization (IMIDRO) to tensively by Iranian UK. IMIDRO is very print, TV and the social media as a ize their deal to purchase new keen to work with DIT. DIT Iran sign of UK supporting the JCPOA, aircraft. Deputy Director discussed Iran even a day after U.S. Administra- market’s needs with Dr. Shakouri, tion’s decision to withdraw from Water Infrastructure: President of Mines and Mineral the Iran Nuclear deal.  Assessing possibility of a water Industries Commission, Iran delegation request raised by the Chamber of Commerce. Aviation & Aerospace: Iranian Association of Water &  Meeting with the Iranian  Preparing a rough calculation Wastewater Experts. The re- agent of FLSmidth, the company on the export opportunities/project quest has been raised after DIT who have been among most active pipeline which will be affected by Iran Director spoke in Water UK Mining companies in Iran to U.S. Administration’s de- discuss about their new cision. project.  Replying to cli- ents regarding their Healthcare: concerns for doing  The Depart- business with Iran. ment for Interna-  Supporting tional Trade Iran Westminster Interna- and the British Ira- tional regarding their nian Chamber of deal with Imam Kho- Commerce will hold meini Airport City a Healthcare and life (IKAC) to manage sciences conference with their first dead- on July 4 in London. line in the project after The main objective U.S. Administration’s is to focus on announcement on Healthcare opportu- JCPOA. nities between Iran  Supporting the visit of and UK. Officials Qeshm Air (Iranian from Iran and UK Airline) to Bom- Health Ministry are bardier, Belfast, to final- invited. Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 62 Oil & Gas Consortium 21

Sytel will meet with Iranian potential customers including Hi- web, TCI and other companies to supply call centre software and other services in Iran. Retail:  Visiting Galleria Mall to see the only Superdry sport store in Iran with DIT Iran Di- rector for International Trade. Galleria Mall is a recently built mall in northern part of Tehran and it is a good place for British brands to showcase their products. There are also 12 offices in the same building that can be used for companies that have office works and it is also suitable for business consultancies.  DIT Iran team lead have secured two export wins for Monsoon Accessorize, to the value of £17.25m and the other for Quiz Clothing, to the value of £5.55m.  Ehya Darman Pishrafteh tended by DIT Iran Director for Company, manufacturer of anaes- International Trade and the rep- JCPOA reaction: thesia and ventilator machines in resentative from Iran’s Ministry  DIT team Iran is monitoring Iran is setting up a small manufac- of Foreign Affairs to highlight UK firms’ reaction towards the turing company in the UK and will governmental support for UK- withdrawal of U.S. from JCPOA purchase a light assembly line in Iran trade relations, especially to as part of the SRM with British the long term. support the flagship of British companies active in Iran market. companies in Tehran- Vodafone The UK’s Prime Minister’s mes- Chamber of Commerce: Group. It should be mentioned sage to the Iranian President high-  DIT Iran Director met with that Vodafone Group has orga- lighting UK’s support for Iran Nu- Vice President of Irano British nized a meeting with HiWEB clear Accord and the trade pro- Chamber of Commerce, Industries and the DIT team on May 22 in spects after the FM’s meetings in & Mines to discuss the joint coop- Doha, Qatar, to follow up on the Brussels with EU’s High Repre- eration to enhancing UK-Iran trade issues discussed with the DIT sentative for Foreign Affairs and relations. The meeting covered co- team and the commitments of Security Policy is being monitored operation on organizing business HiWEB. accordingly. A copy is attached. delegations from Iran to UK and  DIT Iran team met with vice versa in certain sectors of po- Sytel Limited and their Iranian Branding & Marketing: tential interest for UK businesses. partner, Etraab Co. to discuss  2 tweets on DIT Also attendance of DIT team in the their projects in the telecom sec- @tradegovukMENA chamber’s commission meetings tor. and the chambers support for organizing receptions and trade missions in the Embassy through iden- tifying potential members of the IB Chamber to meet with UK companies, specific sector teams and other missions from UK were discussed. Telecommunication:  Meeting with HiWEB, the Iranian partner of Vodafone Group to discuss their challeng- es in financial transactions, launch of their mobile services and their activity in the Stock Market. The meeting was at- 22 News Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 61

Short Economic News

Iran, Venezuela need closer joint coop. against Trump’s policies

Iranian vice Minister of his country’s decisive Foreign Affairs Morteza support to Iran against US Sarmadi said Sun. that Iran aggressive approaches. and Venezuela need to “Trump, following a dan- boost joint efforts to stand gerous policy, considers against the destructive pol- himself as the leader of icies of US President the world and orders every Trump. country around,” he add- Rouhani’s special envoy ed. and Vice Minister of For- Maduro noted Trump’s eign Affairs at bullying polices toward Iran's Foreign Ministry, Mexican immigrants, as Morteza Sarmadi, made well as other aspects of his the remarks in a meeting destructive approaches in with Venezuelan President as well as the mechanisms of in- Latin America, adding, “Obama, Nicolás Maduro on Sunday in ternational law. with a covert policy and Trump Caracas. The US unilateral and destructive with an overt policy, both sought The meeting took place as part of policies have even been utilized the destruction of Venezuela and Sarmadi’s Latin American tour, against its allies, particularly other independent countries.” following his earlier visit to Bo- Canada and the EU, he added, “We must firmly stand against livia. calling for closer and more seri- US patronizing policies in OPEC During the meeting, the Iranian ous cooperation between Iran and and coordinate the policies of diplomat censured the US unilat- Venezuela in standing against OPEC and non-OPEC members eral policies as an undermining Trump’s policies. against Washington,” he stressed. factor for processes of non- For his part, President Maduro proliferation of nuclear weapons, reassured the Iranian official of

Iran calls on OPEC to remind members to adhere to production quota

In a letter, Iran's oil minister The full text of Zanganeh's has called on the OPEC to letter is as follows: prevent some members from Minister of Petroleum increasing their oil output HE Suhail Mohamed Al without seeking consensus Mazrouei with other members. Minister of Energy & Indus- According to Iranian Oil Min- try and the President of the istry website SHANA, the Oil Conference Minister Bijan Zangeneh sent United Arab Emirates a correspondence to OPEC Excellency, President HE Suhail Mo- The 174th Meeting of the hamed Al Mazrouei, Minister OPEC Conference adopted of Energy & Industry of the Resolution No.174.513 that United Arab Emirates and the decides "that countries will President of the OPEC Con- strive to adhere to the overall ference, calling on his excellency 174th Meetings of the Confer- conformity level of OPEC-12, to remind OPEC Member Coun- ence and refrain from any unilat- down to 100%, as of 1 July 2018 tries to adhere to their commit- eral measures undermining the for the remaining duration of the ments under the OPEC's deci- unity and independence of the above-mentioned resolution and sions adopted in the 171st and OPEC. for the JMMC to monitor and Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 61 News 23 report back to the President of the Conference and refrain from While we may have the same po- the Conference." any unilateral measures under- sition as to the similar an- An issue that compels me to mining the unity and independ- nouncement from any of our write to Your Excellency is that ence of the OPEC. non-OPEC partners i.e. Russia, we have not arrived to any deci- Minister of Petroleum but I call upon Your Excellency, sion to assign any allocated pro- Iran expressed in the JMMC as the President of the OPEC duction level of any member to meeting that any unilateral pro- Conference to uphold and safe- others. In fact, the resolution by duction increase beyond Member guard the long-term principles, requiring "JMMC to monitor and Countries' commitments under unity and interests of the OPEC report back to the President of the OPEC's decisions would at this historic juncture. the Conference” has rested the prompt US to take actions It would be highly appreciated if issue to the President to deal with against Iran. Regrettably, unilat- Your Excellency could instruct the issue either through calling eral behaviours in production in- the Secretariat to circulate the for extraordinary meeting or crease by some Member Coun- present letter among Their Excel- seeking consensus through com- tries is weakening the very foun- lencies, Heads of Delegation of munication with all Member dation of our Organization. OPEC Member Countries. Countries. Any increase in the Excellency, Please accept, Excellency, the production by any Member OPEC decisions by no means assurances of my highest consid- Country beyond commitments warrant any action by some of its eration and respect. stipulated in OPEC's decisions Member Countries in pursuit of Bijan Zangeneh adopted in 171st and the call for production increase Cc: HE Mohammad Sanusi 174th Meetings of the Confer- by US, politically motivated Barkindo, OPEC Secretary Gen- ence would constitute breach of against Iran and publically de- eral, for kind information and the agreement. I hereby request clared. As we are all in agree- circulation among Your Excellency to remind ment to depoliticize our efforts in Their Excellencies, Heads of OPEC Member Countries to ad- the OPEC, we should not let oth- Delegation of OPEC Member here to their commitments under ers take politicized measures tar- Countries the OPEC's decisions adopted in geting OPEC's unity and inde- the 171st and 174th Meetings of pendence.

Iran, Austria to sign several MoUs during Rouhani’s upcoming visit

The Austrian chancellor's dent during his first visit to office has announced that Europe after the US with- several agreements will be drawal from the nuclear deal signed with Iran during Pres- with Iran, is also scheduled to ident Rouhani’s upcoming address the Austrian Econom- visit. ic Chamber on bilateral coop- As the Iranian president is eration, especially in the eco- preparing himself to embark nomic field. on a two-nation tour to Swit- The Austrian Der Standard zerland and Austria, the Aus- newspaper has said that the trian chancellor's office has Austrian president will stress announced that several Vienna's position on the need agreements between the two to preserve the JCPOA in the countries will be signed dur- meeting with his Iranian coun- ing Rouhani’s visit. derstanding will be signed be- terpart once again and will point According to the Austrian Press tween the two countries. out that Europe will abide by the Agency (APA), along with in- In addition to meeting with his deal as long as Iran does. creasing US pressures against Austrian counterpart, Rouhani, The Iranian president will leave Iran and its relations with other who will be accompanied by a Tehran for Bern tomorrow countries, Vienna and Tehran high-level economic delegation, Monday July 1 as the first stop will try to declare their opposi- is scheduled to hold talks with of his two-nation tour and will tion to Washington’s sanctions Canceller Sebastian Kurtz. stay for two days to meet high- by signing several memoran- Two Iranian ministers of Indus- ranking officials there, followed dums during Iran’s president’s try Mohammad Shariatmadari by his visit to Austria. visit. and Roads and Urban Develop- It is worth mentioning that Aus- The Austrian Chancellor's office ment Abbas Akhoundi will ac- tria will take over EU presiden- announced that during the visit, company President Rouhani on cy as of today for a period of six several documents of coopera- the trip. According to the Aus- months. tion and memorandums of un- trian media, the Iranian presi- 24 News Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 61

GOVERNMENT CRITICISED FOR SLOW PROGRESS SECUR IN POST-BREXIT AVIATION DEAL

‘The negotiators in Brussels have minister, Baroness Sugg, said: been warming up on the pitch for “Aviation, tourism and travel two years, and we’re still in the have never been more important changing room,’ said ABTA’s to this country. chief executive “Our future prosperity will depend even more on reaching out THE INDEPENDENT TRAVEL to global partners. A leading travel industry figure “Securing a good deal for avia- has slammed the “lack of clarity tion with the best possible access and progress” in Brexit negotia- to Europe remains one of our key tions. Brexit priorities.” Mark Tanzer, the chief executive She said that aviation would con- of ABTA, the UK travel trade tinue operating on current terms association for tour operators and of flights than any other Europe- until the end of 2020. travel agents, told a conference in an country, because of the “open The ABTA boss also re- London: “A year ago, I set out a skies” agreement across the EU. buked attacks on business from number of areas in which we A deal between Brussels and senior politicians, saying: “It is needed to see urgent progress – Washington also governs flights right that businesses are speaking aviation access, movement of between the UK and US. out against a ‘no deal’ exit from key workers, VAT and consumer Immediately after the EU refer- the EU, or a ‘cliff-edge’. rights. endum result two years ago, Brit- “We are surely approaching a ain’s travel industry urged im- crunch time, when hard choices What happens to your Europe- mediate action to safeguard avia- will have to be made,” said Mr an Health Insurance Card after tion access. Yet as The Inde- Tanzer. “The government should Brexit? pendent reported, the key role of listen to those who have “Head of Aviation EU Exit Ne- knowledge on their side, rather “Twelve months on, and we still gotiations” has only just been than just ideology.” don’t have any clarity on any of advertised. The government says it has these.” Mr Tanzer said of EU negotiators agreed to a transitional period for He was particular critical of the in Brussels: “They’ve been leaving the EU until the end of lack of progress on aviation ac- warming up on the pitch for two 2020, providing certainty for in- cess. Currently British passen- years, and we’re still in the dustry. gers have access to a wider range changing room.” The aviation

Lloyd’s of London’s first female CEO Inga Beale to step down

Ms Beale joined the London Exchange statement announc- market in 2014 after heading up ing her departure, Lloyd’s said Canopius ( REUTERS ) that Ms Beale’s “commitment Lloyd’s of London chief execu- to transformation across the tive Inga Beale will step down market, and within the corpo- next year, the insurance market ration, has led to significant has confirmed. cultural change and the adop- Ms Beale became the iconic tion of new technology that London market’s first ever fe- has accelerated the market's male CEO when she joined in modernisation and digitalisa- 2014, following a stint as head of tion”. Canopies. The group noted that she had She also came executives com- founded the Inclusion@Lloyd’s piled in 2015. At the time, MS and ensure we are an attractive, initiative, aimed at embedding Beale, who is bisexual, said: “I globally relevant and inclusive diversity and inclusion as a prior- am proud of the commitment of sector.” ity for businesses in the insur- Lloyd’s and the London insur- Inga Beale tops list of inspriring ance sector. ance market to celebrate diversity LGBT chiefs In a London Stock Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 61 News 25

Lloyd’s said Ms Beale left the the energy, innovative spirit and market “with a strengthened rep- expertise that I come across eve- utation as one of the most re- ry working day. “Leading spected and trusted insurance Lloyd's is an honour and I am brands in the world, with a strong proud to have played a part in and experienced leadership team ensuring that it remains relevant focused on delivering Lloyd's and fit for purpose for the future. strategic priorities”. The world trusts Lloyd's to be Ms Beale said: "The decision to there when it matters the most leave has been a tough one and and I believe it is well placed for when the time comes I will miss the next 330 years."

Envoy: Austria Ready to Cooperate for Building Rails at Ports

Concerning FNA- Austrian supposed to be signed by both Ambassador to Tehran Stef- countries. an Schulz underlined his "The joint commission and its country's willingness to co- roadmap is a suitable frame- operate with Iran in the con- work for maintaining coopera- struction of logistic rails at tion in energy, mine, transpor- the country's ports. tation, tourism, technology, "Austria has experience and infrastructure, agricultural, new technologies in railway health, banking, environmen- and logistics rail and we are tal, educational and academic ready to expand cooperation fields," Molayee added. in academic and training The Iranian ambassador un- fields by introducing capable In relevant remarks in April, Ira- derlined that cooperation be- companies and institutes to nian Ambassador to Austria tween Iran and Austria is not lim- Iran's Ports and Maritime Organ- Ebadollah Molayee underlined ited to trade exchanges alone, but ization (PMO)," Schulz told re- that Tehran and Vienna had rather covers all-out economic porters after his one-day visit to agreed to expand their mutual ties, attraction of investment and Hormozgan province in Southern cooperation, especially in eco- sharing of technological know- Iran on Monday. nomic and industrial sectors. how. "Signing of various MoUs He also expressed the hope that "Tehran and Vienna have held and contracts has provided a the grounds would be provided important meetings on enhancing suitable framework for enhance- for joint cooperation and discus- economic and industrial rela- ment of cooperation," he said, sions between Iran and Austria in tions," Molayee told reporters. adding that the volume of eco- marine and ports areas, water He underlined that the draft of nomic exchanges between the management, organic agriculture, the document of the 9th joint two countries hit 420 million eu- tourism and logistic rails. economic commission meeting is ros last year.

Iran's last deadline to Europe for preserving JCPOA

High Representative of the Euro- hours to be carefully analyzed. In pean Union for Foreign Affairs this regard, there are some points and Security Policy, Federica that need to be taken into consid- Mogherini, has announced that eration: the Europe’s package of pro- 1. The examination of Europe’s posals for preserving the nuclear package of proposals based on deal will soon be delivered to the our “national interest” is the Iranian authorities. most important point that should The package is scheduled to be be diligently considered at this submitted to the diplomatic sys- critical period. Unfortunately, tem and foreign policy apparatus after the conclusion of the Joint of our country for less than 24 Comprehensive Plan of Action 26 News Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 61

(JCPOA), European countries, dency, but also during Obama’s well that Trump isn’t going to especially the European troika, time, the European troika re- change his negative attitude to- haven’t made a good record in fused to take effective steps to wards the JCPOA. Therefore, maintaining the nuclear deal. prevent the ban on the European the British government is seek- The accompaniment of Angela banks to have connections with ing to cooperate with the United Merkel, Theresa May and Em- Iran. States in opposition to Iran and manuel Macron with Trump’s They did not even accuse the the nuclear deal. This dangerous illegitimate demands for US Treasury of violating para- approach will result in the full “changing the JCPOA’ won’t be graphs 26-29 of the nuclear annulment of the JCPOA, and easily forgotten! agreement, and chose to sacri- the consequences will in no way Meanwhile, over the past 15 fice their legal obligations for be to the benefits of the EU years, the European troika has the political conciliation with member states. had a rather bad record in ful- the current and previous gov- 3. filling the statements of Saad ernments of the United States. 4. Finally, it should be noted Abad and Paris. Hence, we can’t Therefore, The European Union that coming up with new sug- be optimistic about the Europe’s is facing a tough test, and if it gestions for preserving the package of proposals for Teh- fails to pass this test for any rea- JCPOA, is the last opportunity ran. The truth is that a rigorous sons, there would no longer be a that the Iranian regime and na- and exact review of this package nuclear deal to continue. tion have given the European will to a great extent guarantee Over the recent weeks, signals authorities. Undoubtedly, nega- Iran’s rights (based on the nu- have been sent from the White tive records of the European clear agreement). House to the European troika troika won’t be ignored in this 2. At this critical period and in regarding the JCPOA. US Sec- equation. But the opportunity is reviewing the European’s pro- retary of State Mike Pompeo once again given to European posals, it is necessary for our has announced that he will soon officials to maintain the nuclear country’s officials to make a be discussing this issue with his deal. If Europe loses this chance strategic, rational and deter- European counterparts. No in compensating its mistakes, mined distinction between the doubt, the more European troika and consider the JCPOA as a two words of “commitment” is influenced by the United political leverage to realize its and “guarantee”. Undoubtedly, States in these talks, the farther transatlantic goals with the the Islamic Republic of Iran is it will be from reaching a recip- United States, then it would be a not calling for the “repeat of Eu- rocal agreement with Iran. Last serious and strategic mistake. rope’s commitments on the week, British Prime Minister Therefore, dealing legally and JCPOA” over the next months, Theresa May stated that Europe rationally with the existing con- but seeking a guarantee of ob- should enter into negotiations ditions is the main prerequisites jectivity in these commitments. with the United States on the for the maintenance of the It should not be forgotten that nuclear deal! Undoubtedly, the JCPOA by the European Union. not only during Trump’s presi- British prime minister knows

Iran's Steel Production Up by 24 Percent in 5 Months

Iran considerably in- April, which was 1.95 million creased the production of tons. crude steel in the first five Global steel production in months of 2018, statistics May amounted to 154.86 mil- released by World Steel lion tons, showing an in- Association (WSA) said. crease of 4.7 percent com- "A sum of 10.14 million pared with the figure for tons of crude steel wwa April which was 147.89 mil- produced in the first five lion tons. months of 2018, showing WSA is the international a growth of 24.25 percent trade body of the iron and as compared with the cor- steel industry. The associa- responding period of tion represents approximately 2017," WSA reported. 44.12 million tons and 34.85 mil- 170 steel producers, including It said that China with 369.859 lion tons, respectively ranked 17 of the world’s 20 largest steel million tons of steel production second, third and fourth, the re- companies, national and regional topped the list of crude steel pro- port added. steel industry associations and ducers in the first five months of In a relevant development in steel research institutes. WSA's 2018. May, Iran produced 2.01 million members account for around 85 Japan, India and the United tons of crude steel—a growth of percent of world steel produc- States with 44.22 million tons, 3.33 percent over the figure for tion. Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 62 Members 27

IBCCIM’s New Members Member Companies: Cpg Pars International Industrial Minerals Co.: Ataolah Mirmoeini, Address: Postal Code: Trading, M.D.: Alireza Mohammad Bagherian, 1514833714, First floor, No. 14, 18th St., Address: Postal Code 1986765888, No. 905, Bokharest St., Arjantin Square, Tehran, Tel: Paladium Tower, Moghaddas Ardebili St., +98 (21) 88734930, Fax: +98 (21) 88732963, Zaferanieh, Tehran, Tel: +98 (21) 22660581-6, Email: [email protected] . Fax: +98 (21) 22660580, Email: info@cpg- Kalleh Amol Meat Products Co.: Foodstuff, pars.com . M.D.: Ramezan Soleimani, Address: Kalleh Shahdab Yazd Industrial & Mining Co.: Amol Meat Products Co., Emam Reza St., Excavation, stripping, extraction, processing, Amol, Tel: +98 (11) 43235979, Fax: +98 (11) producing minerals, and manufacturing parts of 43234980, Email: [email protected] mining machineries, M.D.: Hamid Reza Fanavaran Kherad Rad Co.: Manufacturer of Sherafat, Address: Postal Code: 8918696925, Pressure Vessels and heavy metal structures, Shahdab Office, in the corner of Refah Bank, M.D.: Reza Mahigiran, Address: Postal Code Jomhouri Bulevard, Yazd, Tel: +98 (353) 1431795596, Flat No. 10, No. 94, Between 5241840, Fax: +98 (353) 5241849, Email: 10th and 12th St., Seyed Jamaleddin Asadabadi [email protected] . St., Tehran, Tel: +98 (21) 88100598-9, Fax: Cobel Darou Co.: Trade, import, marketing, +98 (21) 88722054, Email: [email protected] production and distribution of pharmaceuticals, Behzi Parvar Azarin Co.: Agriculture (animal M.D.: Shokrollah Memarian, Address: Postal and poultry meal), M.D.: Masoud Shojaei, Code: 1516673115, No. 39, in the corner of Address: Postal Code: 1586766754, Second Kambiz Alley, Ahvand St., Tehran, Tel: +98 Floor, No. 11, Mirzahasani Alley, Ghaem (21) 88671230, Fax: +98 (21) 88671240, Magham Farahani St., Tehran, Tel: +98 (21) Email: [email protected] . 42176000, Fax: +98 (21) 42176666, Email: Etemad Yazd M.P.Knowledge Base: Trading, [email protected] . M.D.: Ehsan eshaghiye, Address: Electrod Azar Medic Co.: Importing disposable medical Etemad Yazd Co., Thirteenth Bisto Chahar instruments , M.D.: Mir Ali Davachi, Address: Metri St., Bolvar Karaj Industrial City, Yazd, Postal Code1584798817, sixth floor, No. 13, Tel: +98 (25) 7272264, Fax: +98 (25) 7272675. Azarfar Alley, Iranshahr, Karimkhan, Tehran, International Institu of Security Management Tel: +98 (21) 88308557, Fax: +98 (21) 88837063, Upgrade and Electronic Security Innovation Email: [email protected] . and Technology Studies (MIT): Education, Kara Gostar Eng. Co.: producing mould and M.D.: Nadim Tavakol, Address: Postal Code: tire-building machine, M.D.: Ebrahim Esmati 1667838169, flat No. 8, Second floor, Orkideh Pilehrod, Address: Postal Code: 3114814963, Building, No. 21, Shahid Rasoulidan St., No. 6, Pouya Industrial Building, Sanat Dovom Majidiyeh, Tehran, Tel: +98 (21) 42543, Fax: Alley, Enghelab Bulevard, Ghods City, 20 +98 (21) 42543, Email: [email protected]. Kilometer of Karaj Road, Tehran, Tel: +98 Kesht Chin Co.: Agricultural Processing (21) 46848781-5, Fax: +98 (21) 46848785, Industries, M.D.: Nader Beik Mohammad Email: [email protected] . Zadeh Razlighi, Address: Kesht Chin Co., after Sariak. Co.: Electricity, Electronics and Railway, Tehrandasht, Hashtgerd, Karaj Road, Mechanics, M.D.: Raffi Paichuk, Address: Tel: +98 (26) 44526710-2, Fax: +98 (26) Postal Code: 1533916714, No. 24, 12 Alley, 44526710-2, Email: [email protected] Eshghyar St., Khoramshahr St., Tehran, Tel: Aramin Sanaat Filter Co.: Importer of filtration +98 (21) 88733812-3, Fax: +98 (21) 88764455, equipment in oil, gas, petrochemical and Email: [email protected] . pharmaceutical industries, M.D.: Seyed Individual Member: Arash Soltani: Foodstuff, Address: Zar Molasadra St.,Tehran, Tel: +98 (21) 44385565. Building, No. 138, North Sheikh Bahaei St., 28 Report Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 62

Source: CBI