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Ergot Alkaloids As Dopamine Agonists: Comparison in Two Rodent Models
European Journal of Pharmacology, 37 (1976) 295-302 295 © North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam - Printed in The Netherlands ERGOT ALKALOIDS AS DOPAMINE AGONISTS: COMPARISON IN TWO RODENT MODELS GILL ANLEZARK, CHRIS PYCOCK and BRIAN MELDRUM Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, U.K. Received 18 December 1975, revised MS received 20 February 1976, accepted 26 February 1976 G. ANLEZARK, C. PYCOCK and B. MELDRUM, Ergot alkaloids as dopamine agonists: comparison in two rodent models, European J. Pharmacol. 37 (1976) 295-302. A series of ergot alkaloids, together with the DA agonists apomorphine and piribedil, were tested for protec- tive effects against audiogenic seizures in an inbred strain of mice (DBA/2) and for induction of circling behaviour in mice with unilateral destruction of one nigrostriatal DA pathway. The order of potency against audiogenic sei- zures was apomorphine> ergocornine> bromocryptine > ergometrine> LSD> methysergide > piribedil while that observed in the rotating mouse model was apomorphine> ergometrine> ergocornine> brornocryptine > piribedil. LSD caused only weak circling behaviour even when administered in high doses (> 1 mg/kg). Methyser- gide was ineffective. Prior administration of the neuroleptic agent haloperidol blocked the effect of DA agonists and of ergot alkaloids in both animal models. The possible action of ergot alkaloids as DA agonists is discussed. Ergot alkaloids Audiogenic seizures Dopamine agonists Circling behaviour 1. Introduction gic synapses, in two rodent pharmacological models. The first model studied is 'audiogen- The pharmacology of the ergot alkaloids is ic' seizures in genetically susceptible mice. complex and not well understood. Peripheral- The severity of the seizure responses to audi- ly, they act on smooth muscle as 5-hydroxy- tory stimulation can be modified by a variety tryptamine (5-HT) antagonists (Goodman and of drugs believed to act on monoaminergic Gilman, 1971) and as a-adrenergic blockers transmission in the brain (Lehmann, 1970). -
Package Leaflet: Information for the Patient Dostinex® 0.5 Mg Tablets
Package leaflet: Information for the patient Dostinex® 0.5 mg Tablets cabergoline Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start taking this medicine because it contains important information for you. - Keep this leaflet. You may need to read it again. - If you have any further questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist. - This medicine has been prescribed for you only. Do not pass it on to others. It may harm them, even if their signs of illness are the same as yours. - If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. See section 4. What is in this leaflet 1. What Dostinex is and what it is used for 2. What you need to know before you take Dostinex 3. How to take Dostinex 4. Possible side effects 5 How to store Dostinex 6. Contents of the pack and other information 1. What Dostinex is and what it is used for - Dostinex contains the active ingredient cabergoline. This medicine belongs to a class of medicines called ‘dopamine agonists’. Dopamine is produced naturally in the body and helps to transmit messages to the brain. - Dostinex is used to stop breast milk production (lactation) soon after childbirth, stillbirth, abortion or miscarriage. It can also be used if you do not want to continue to breast-feed your baby once you have started. - Dostinex can also be used to treat other conditions caused by hormonal disturbance which can result in high levels of prolactin being produced. This includes lack of periods, infrequent and very light menstruation, periods in which ovulation does not occur and secretion of milk from your breast without breast-feeding. -
Ergometrine Maleate
The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products Veterinary Medicines Evaluation Unit EMEA/MRL/237/97-FINAL June 1999 COMMITTEE FOR VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS ERGOMETRINE MALEATE SUMMARY REPORT 1. Ergometrine is a naturally occurring alkaloid found in ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It is classified as a water-soluble lysergic acid derivative, and is an orally-active stimulant of uterine contractions. The maleate salt (ergometrine maleate) exhibits greater stability than the free base and is the usual form in which the alkaloid is used in medicinal products. It is used in veterinary medicine in the control of postpartum uterine haemorrhage, removal of fluid from atonic uteri, to prevent pro-lapsed uteri, and judiciously in terms of timing to aid in suturing the uterus after caesarean section or in replacing an everted uterus. Dose regimens are: cows and mares: 2 to 5 mg/animal (intravenously or intramuscularly); ewes, goats and sows: 0.5 to 1 mg/animal (intramuscularly). In human medicine, it is used orally and parenterally in the prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage caused by uterine atony and for the stimulation of uterine involution. Usual oral doses are 500 µg 3 times daily up to 1.8 mg daily (approximately 0.03 mg/kg bw). Ergot alkaloids have been reported to be present in flour from rye, wheat and barley in amounts ranging from 0.01 to 2.36 mg/kg flour. EU legislation restricts the maximum percentage of ergot tolerated in flour to 0.1%. Total daily human intake of ergot alkaloids from contaminated foodstuffs of plant origin has been estimated as up to 7.8 µg/person. -
Of Extracts Of
-----_.----------------------------------------------------------------------------- A Uterine Stimulant Effect of Extracts of Morning Glory Seeds * Ara H. Der Marderosian, Anthony M, Guarino, lohn 1. De F eo and Heber W. Youngken, Jr. * The history, description and use of seeds of certain members of the Convolvulaceae for divinatory purposes has been well documented in the literature by Schultes and Wasson." 2 These reports have prompted several investigations, and recently Hofmann et at.s 4 5 have isolated and identified the active principles as certain ergot-type alkaloids. These are d-lysergic acid amide (ergine), d-isolysergic acid amide (isoergine), chanoclavine, elymodavine and ergometrine. Further work by Taber et el.6 7 8 has established that the alkaloids are in the microbially sterile embryo. They have also reported that the leaf and stem, but not the root, of Rivea corymbosa also con- tained small amounts of alkaloids and that these principles are present in many varieties of morning glories. However, some of the seeds are listed only by horticultural name, and some are synonymous with others in his table of plants studied. Our investigations? indicate that the main psychotomimetic principles are limited to varieties or horticultural forms of Ipomoea uiolacea L. This would seem to make sense because, 'of the many different species of Ipomoea available to the Mexican natives in their local flora, only Ipomoea violacea L. is used in their religious ceremonies for divinatory purposes. *This study supported in part by funds from Grant MH-06511, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md. *Departments of Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island. -
Ergot Alkaloids: a Review on Therapeutic Applications
European Journal of Medicinal Plants 14(3): 1-17, 2016, Article no.EJMP.25975 ISSN: 2231-0894, NLM ID: 101583475 SCIENCEDOMAIN international www.sciencedomain.org Ergot Alkaloids: A Review on Therapeutic Applications Niti Sharma 1* , Vinay K. Sharma 1, Hemanth Kumar Manikyam 1 1,2 and Acharya Bal Krishna 1Patanjali Natural Coloroma Pvt. Ltd, Haridwar, Uttarakhand - 249404, India. 2University of Patanjali, Haridwar, Uttarakhand - 249402, India. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Authors NS and VKS designed the study, wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Authors ABK and HKM supervised the study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/EJMP/2016/25975 Editor(s): (1) Marcello Iriti, Professor of Plant Biology and Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, Italy. Reviewers: (1) Nyoman Kertia, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia. (2) Robert Perna, Texas Institute of Rehabilitation Research, Houston, TX, USA. (3) Charu Gupta, AIHRS, Amity University, UP, India. Complete Peer review History: http://sciencedomain.org/review-history/14283 Received 28 th March 2016 Accepted 12 th April 2016 Review Article st Published 21 April 2016 ABSTRACT Ergot of Rye is a plant disease caused by the fungus Claviceps purpurea which infects the grains of cereals and grasses but it is being used for ages for its medicinal properties. All the naturally obtained ergot alkaloids contain tetracyclic ergoline ring system, which makes them structurally similar with other neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline, dopamine or serotonin. Due to this structure homology these alkaloids can be used for the treatment of neuro related conditions like migraine, Parkinson’s disease etc. -
Prescription Medications, Drugs, Herbs & Chemicals Associated With
Prescription Medications, Drugs, Herbs & Chemicals Associated with Tinnitus American Tinnitus Association Prescription Medications, Drugs, Herbs & Chemicals Associated with Tinnitus All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, or by any means, without the prior written permission of the American Tinnitus Association. ©2013 American Tinnitus Association Prescription Medications, Drugs, Herbs & Chemicals Associated with Tinnitus American Tinnitus Association This document is to be utilized as a conversation tool with your health care provider and is by no means a “complete” listing. Anyone reading this list of ototoxic drugs is strongly advised NOT to discontinue taking any prescribed medication without first contacting the prescribing physician. Just because a drug is listed does not mean that you will automatically get tinnitus, or exacerbate exisiting tinnitus, if you take it. A few will, but many will not. Whether or not you eperience tinnitus after taking one of the listed drugs or herbals, or after being exposed to one of the listed chemicals, depends on many factors ‐ such as your own body chemistry, your sensitivity to drugs, the dose you take, or the length of time you take the drug. It is important to note that there may be drugs NOT listed here that could still cause tinnitus. Although this list is one of the most complete listings of drugs associated with tinnitus, no list of this kind can ever be totally complete – therefore use it as a guide and resource, but do not take it as the final word. The drug brand name is italicized and is followed by the generic drug name in bold. -
Obstetrics & Gynaecology Specialist Formulary List
Obstetrics and Gynaecology Specialist Formulary List **Other indications for particular drugs may be included on completion of further specialist lists** For information on use of unlicensed medicines or medicines used 'off-label' - click here The following specialist medicines are approved for prescribing by or on the recommendation of a prescribing obstetrics or gynaecology specialist: In the event of a broken link please forward details to [email protected] Please include the location and full title of the link MEDICINE SUMMARY OF RESTRICTED INDICATION CATEGORY PROTOCOL Oxybutynin tablets, patches Treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) in adults on the advice of Urology/Uro-gynaecology Spironolactone Hirsutism in postmenopausal women (unlicensed: off- label) Metformin Polycystic ovary syndrome (unlicensed: off-label) NICE Evidence summary: ESUOM6 Polycystic ovary syndrome: metformin in women not planning pregnancy (unlicensed/off-label medicines) Ulipristal acetate 5mg tablets Pre-operative treatment or intermittent treatment of moderate to severe symptoms of uterine fibroids in adult women of reproductive age. Progesterone (Utrogestan® - micronised 2nd line for endometrial protection as part of HRT in Utrogestan® (micronised progesterone progesterone, 100mg oral capsules) women with an intact uterus taking oestrogen under protocol) Treatment Protocol direction of Tayside Menopause clinic Progesterone pessaries Prevention of recurrent pre-term birth (unlicensed: off- Protocol in development label) Cyproterone acetate Hirsutism -
Biotechnology and Genetics of Ergot Alkaloids
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol (2001) 57:593–605 DOI 10.1007/s002530100801 MINI-REVIEW P. Tudzynski · T. Correia · U. Keller Biotechnology and genetics of ergot alkaloids Received: 28 May 2001 / Received revision: 8 August 2001 / Accepted: 17 August 2001 / Published online: 20 October 2001 © Springer-Verlag 2001 Abstract Ergot alkaloids, i.e. ergoline-derived toxic me- tions in the therapy of human CNS disorders. Chemical- tabolites, are produced by a wide range of fungi, pre- ly the ergot alkaloids are 3,4-substituted indol deriva- dominantly by members of the grass-parasitizing family tives having a tetracyclic ergoline ring structure (Fig. 1). of the Clavicipitaceae. Naturally occurring alkaloids like Based on their complexity, they can be divided into two the D-lysergic acid amides, produced by the “ergot fun- families of compounds. In the D-lysergic acid deriva- gus” Claviceps purpurea, have been used as medicinal tives, a simple amino alcohol or a short peptide chain agents for a long time. The pharmacological effects of (e.g. ergotamine) is attached to the ergoline nucleus in the various ergot alkaloids and their derivatives are due amide linkage via a carboxy group in the 8-position. In to the structural similarity of the tetracyclic ring system the simpler clavine alkaloids (e.g. agroclavine) that car- to neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline, dopamine or boxy group is replaced by a methyl or hydroxymethyl to serotonin. In addition to “classical” indications, e.g. mi- which attachment of side groups such as in the amide- graine or blood pressure regulation, there is a wide spec- type alkaloids is not possible. -
Bf2f8ee7-3380-4536-Adc9
THE STATUTES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE MISUSE OF DRUGS ACT (CHAPTER 185) (Original Enactment: Act 5 of 1973) REVISED EDITION 2008 (31st March 2008) Prepared and Published by THE LAW REVISION COMMISSION UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE REVISED EDITION OF THE LAWS ACT (CHAPTER 275) Informal Consolidation – version in force from 1/5/2021 CHAPTER 185 2008 Ed. Misuse of Drugs Act ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS PART I PRELIMINARY Section 1. Short title 2. Interpretation 3. Appointment of Director and other officers of Central Narcotics Bureau 4. Advisory committees PART II OFFENCES INVOLVING CONTROLLED DRUGS AND SUBSTANCES 5. Trafficking in controlled drugs 6. Manufacture of controlled drugs 7. Import and export of controlled drugs 8. Possession and consumption of controlled drugs 8A. Consumption of drug outside Singapore by citizen or permanent resident 9. Possession of pipes, utensils, etc. 10. Cultivation of cannabis, opium and coca plants 10A. Manufacture, supply, possession, import or export of equipment, materials or substances useful for manufacture of controlled drugs 10B. Regulations on controlled equipment, material or substances 11. Responsibilities of owners, tenants, etc. 11A. Arranging or planning gatherings where controlled drugs are to be consumed or trafficked 11B. Exposing child to drugs, etc., and permitting young person to consume drugs 11C. Introducing drug trafficker to another person 11D. Instructing person to cultivate cannabis, etc., or to manufacture or consume controlled drugs, etc. 11E. Causing or procuring young person or vulnerable person to commit certain offences 1 Informal Consolidation – version in force from 1/5/2021 2008 Ed. Misuse of Drugs CAP. 185 2 Section 12. -
A COMPARISON Oit SOME UI TEE Being
A COMPARISON OIt SOME UI TEE ERGOT ALKALOIDS. being a Thesis Presented for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine Edinburgh University by Adam Cairns White, ßß.B., Ch.B., Ph.D., Wellcome Physiological Research Laboratories, Langley Court, Beckenham, Kent. INS, September, 1939. Com-parison alLome FrEot Alkaloids. A- Section I. Contents. Introduction pp 1-8 General Toxic Symptoms in:- Monkey pp. 8 - 27 Fowl pp. 27 - 34 Canary pp. 34 - 36 Ct pp. 36a - 43 Rabbit pp. 43 - 44 Guinea Pig pp. 44 - 45 Mice pp. 45 - 55 Frog p) 55 Discussion of Toxic Symptoms pp. 55 - 60 Actions on Temperature Regulation in:- Mice pp. 60 - 76 Rabbit pp. 77 - 96 -1- The ergot alkaloids, other than those that are molecular compounds, fail into two groups, a laevorotatory physiologically active group, and a dextrorotatory group which is considerably less active. Smith and Timmis drew attention to this fact in their paper on isoergine and isolysergic acids (1). In Table l I have assembled the ergot alkaloids in descending order of the number of constituent carbon atoms, and given, where possible, their rotations in chloroform. The figures are obtained from the papers of Smith and Timmis (1) (2). The decomposition products, ergine and isoergine have also been included. -2- 200 Table 1. (« } 5461 Ergotoxine C35114105N5 -226e Ergotinine 035H4106N5 +446° 191 Ergotinine C35H4106N5 +513° Ergotamine C33H3505N5 -1810 Ergotaminine C33113505N5 +4500 Ergosine C30113705N5 -1930 Ergosinine C30H3705N5 +5220 Ergotnetrine C19x2302N3 - Ergometrinine C19i-12302N3 . +5200 isoErgine C16H170 N3 Ergine C10170 N3 +598° -3- Since the publications of Smith and Timis (1) (2), Stoll and Burckhardt (3) have reported the isolation of yet another large moleculed pair of alkaloids, ergocristine and ergocristinine C35H3905N5 (this is the same gross formula as they give for ergotoxine) for which they have rotations (el )p in chloroform of -186° and +365e respectively. -
Forensic Chemistry of Substance Misuse a Guide to Drug Control
Forensic Chemistry of Substance Misuse A Guide to Drug Control Forensic Chemistry of Substance Misuse A Guide to Drug Control L. A. King ISBN: 978-0-85404-178-7 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library r L. A. King 2009 All rights reserved Apart from fair dealing for the purposes of research for non-commercial purposes or for private study, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 and the Copyright and Related Rights Regulations 2003, this publication may not be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of The Royal Society of Chemistry or the copyright owner, or in the case of reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organization outside the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to The Royal Society of Chemistry at the address printed on this page. Published by The Royal Society of Chemistry, Thomas Graham House, Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WF, UK Registered Charity Number 207890 For further information see our web site at www.rsc.org Preface ‘‘Gold is worse poison to a man’s soul, doing more murders in this loathsome world, than any mortal drug’’ William Shakespeare (Romeo and Juliet) An earlier publication1 described the UK drugs legislation from the viewpoint of a forensic scientist. In the current book, an opportunity has been taken to rearrange and expand the material and improve clarity, to include the changes that have occurred in the past six years, and, more importantly, to widen the scope and the intended audience. -
Medicines Formulary
MEDICINES FORMULARY Medicines formulary between MCHFT and primary care as agreed by the Joint Medicines Management Group Welcome to the MCHFT Medicines Formulary. The formulary includes medicines that have been approved by the Joint Medicines Management Group (JMMG) for prescribing within the trust. The purpose of the formulary is to ensure prescribing is evidence based and cost effective. All prescribing within the trust (i.e. inpatient, outpatient and FP10HNC prescribing) must comply with the formulary. This will be monitored on a regular basis. Some drugs may appear in more than one section. Information on prescribing in primary care is available via the Medicines Management Team website: http://www.centralandeasterncheshiremmt.nhs.uk This is a good point of reference to confirm the continuation of medicines in primary care after initiation at MCHFT. Please note medicines contained in the primary care formulary are not automatically formulary at MCHFT. The formulary is arranged in sections corresponding to those in the British National Formulary (BNF) as below; INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 2 UPDATES TO THE FORMULARY (LAST UPDATED JANUARY 2020) ..................................................... 4 1. GASTRO-INTESTINAL SYSTEM ............................................................................................................. 7 2. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM .............................................................................................................