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Carmen_Program_042219-fixed.indd 1 4/26/19 11:10 AM BARBARA FRACCHIA Fine Art Paintings of Opera and Ballet

Waiting for Don José, 24 × 24, oil on canvas

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Untitled-2 1 12/17/18 4:34 PM May 2019 Volume 43, No. 5

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Sales Marilyn Kallins, Terri Reed San Francisco/Bay Area Account Executives

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4 Seattle Opera 2018/19 Season CARMEN

VOLUME 43 ISSUE 5

22 MEET SEATTLE OPERA’S NEW LEADER Production Essentials By Gabrielle Nomura Gainor 12 Production Sponsors 13 The Cast

14 The Story

24 THE EXOTIC AND THE FAMILIAR: 17 Artists

CULTURAL CONTRAST IN BIZET’S CARMEN 20 Actors

By Judy Tsou 20 Supernumeraries

20 Chorus 26 THE CINEMATIC LIVES OF CARMEN 20 Youth Chorus By Julie Hubbert 21 Orchestra 30 In the Lobby

35 CINDERELLA GOES TO YAKIMA Departments By Glenn Hare 6 From the General Director

8 From the President

42 A TRIBUTE TO KARYL WINN 10 Board of Directors

10 Service Directory

31 Staff Chat

32 Seattle Opera Staff

33 Seattle Opera Podcast

34 Programs and Partnerships Sponsors

36 Individual Donors

41 Institutional Donors

Seattle Opera 46 Amusements Editor 47 Upcoming Events Glenn Hare Graphic Design Trevor Giove Contributing Editor Gabrielle Nomura Gainor Cover Image Philip Newton

Seattle Opera is now offering large-print and Braille versions of this program. Please see coat check for details.

Carmen 5 FROM THE GENERAL

DIRECTOR Welcome to our new production of Bizet’s immortal Carmen, the fruit of a collaboration with our colleagues at Opera Philadelphia and at the Irish National Opera. As always, we feature with this production a blend of artists who are making their Seattle Opera debuts alongside some welcome returnees. In this vein, it is wonderful to have Giacomo Sagripanti back on the podium and also my pleasure to present for the first time the work of our creative team, director Paul Curran and designer Gary McCann.

Such is its popular appeal, Carmen might be described as one of the “super operas,” one of those works that will probably remain forever on people’s list of their personal favorites; but

© RICK DAHMS it was not always so. Of the so-called “Top 10” operas, no fewer than four were deemed a flop when they originally opened, and Carmen is one of them. (The Barber of Seville, La traviata, and Madame Butterfly are the other three, in case you’re curious.) In the case of Carmen, however, it really boiled down to the piece being presented in the wrong theater. Carmen premiered in Paris at the Opéra-Comique, not as one might expect at the Opéra, and the customary operatic fare at the Comique was generally light in tone, appealing to a respectable bourgeois audience. With its raw passions and with a titular heroine who, to the audience of the time at least, was perceived as having dangerously loose morals, it is hardly a surprise that Carmen shocked and scandalized when it first appeared. But if to the 19th century, the character of Carmen embodied the femme fatale, a woman whose sexuality challenged the strict social mores of the time, these days we see her as the embodiment of liberty and free will in a society which denies women their true voice and place. Carmen may have been around for nearly 150 years, but it is still as potent a work today as it was back in 1875, when it was first produced.

This production of Carmen also brings to a close my time here at Seattle Opera, before I head off to pastures new. It has been a pleasure to bring you so many different productions, in particular those operas that Seattle Opera had never previously performed, like Katya Kabanova, Count Ory, Nabucco and, of course, our recent The (R)evolution of Steve Jobs. The addition of chamber operas to our roster has seen us reach new audiences, and it has been particularly exciting to know from our research that, contrary to worldwide trends, our audience has actually got considerably younger over the past three years. One of the beauties of opera is the way that so many of the great works speak to universal themes that transcend the parameters or scenarios of their libretti. Listening to feedback, be it from our surveys or at our post-performance talkbacks, it has been really gratifying to hear from you that, with each production that we put on, more and more connections are being made between what we have presented on stage and your experiences in your lives today. That is, after all, precisely what the arts are for!

Change is an inevitable part of life, and in the performing arts it is particularly important to embrace it. I am therefore delighted to welcome Christina Scheppelmann to Seattle Opera to take my place at the helm of this wonderful company. I know Christina is as committed as I am to opera as a resonant and meaningful art form that combines the best musical values with theatrical imagination. Together with the completion of our new Opera Center to house our activity, the future is looking bright. It has been wonderful to make the acquaintance of so many of you over the past five years, and I look forward to returning to Seattle at some point to catch a production or two, and to joining you in the audience for another great Seattle Opera performance.

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Untitled-1 1 4/1/19 11:20 AM FROM THE PRESIDENT

Outgoing Seattle Opera General Director Aidan Lang seen here with Board of Directors President Brian Marks. Lang has been appointed As we bring the 2018/19 season to a close, The Board and I want to express our deepest General Director of the Welsh the members of our Board of Directors gratitude to General Director Aidan Lang. National Opera in Cardiff, Wales. and I want to applaud you for your support As you may know, Aidan is ending his tenure throughout the year. When you contribute with Seattle Opera next month and returning to Seattle Opera you’re investing in our home to the United Kingdom, where he community and our state. You create opera has been appointed General Director of the experiences for students from South Seattle Welsh National Opera. Under his leadership, to the Yakima Valley. You also support new Seattle Opera has achieved several important works, like The (R)evolution of Steve Jobs milestones, among them the successful “With Aidan’s help, and The Falling and the Rising (coming conclusion of the Seattle Opera at the Center in November). And you help reimagine capital campaign and the construction of the we’ve strengthened favorites from the classic repertoire, such as brand new Opera Center. The 105,000 sq. ft. today’s performance of Carmen. In all, your rehearsal, administration, and fabrication our commitment generosity makes opera accessible to more facility—adjacent to McCaw Hall—is designed people, in more places, and in more ways. to produce opera for today, and to showcase to telling relevant the inner workings of Seattle Opera. Your investment in Seattle Opera is critical stories that reflect at this time of year as our fiscal year draws Aidan has also championed relationships with our region.” to a close. By contributing now, you’ll both U.S. and international opera companies help launch our new season of wonderful to launch new productions of works that you productions, broaden our partnerships with dearly enjoy. In the past two years, Seattle diverse communities, fund our programs, and Opera has co-produced Madame Butterfly reduce our fiscal deficit. After you experience (New Zealand Opera), The Barber of Seville the voices, the music, and the sets, please (Opera Queensland), Aida (San Francisco consider a donation to Seattle Opera today at Opera), Porgy and Bess (The Glimmerglass seattleopera.org/give. Festival), and Carmen (Opera Philadelphia).

8 Seattle Opera 2018/19 Season

Carmen_Program_042219-fixed.indd 8 4/26/19 11:10 AM Additionally, Aidan has encouraged an Finally, with Aidan’s help, we’ve strengthened environment where new conversations about our commitment to telling relevant opera can happen. He helped the company stories that reflect our region through the initiate talks addressing the most challenging development of the chamber opera program issues facing theater and opera today. For we launched in 2016. Covering issues faced example, weeks before Porgy and Bess we by LGBTQ+ people, Islamophobia, and our hosted “Breaking Glass: Hyperlinking Opera region’s dark history with Japanese American and Issues.” Opera producers, performers, incarceration, these intimate performances scholars, and community members came were designed for audiences and artists to together for a poignant discussion about work closely with community partners to the role of opera in confronting racial elevate important discussions. Examples discrimination and advancing equity. What's include An American Dream, a story set in more, the company has a staff-led equity the Puget Sound region during World War task force and the Board's Long-Range II inspired by the lives of a German Jewish Planning Committee is drafting a strategic immigrant and a Japanese American forced plan. In March, we presented “Tech Has to leave her home, and O+E, a retelling of Changed Seattle. Now What?” This panel the classic tale of Orpheus and Eurydice that discussion gathered artists, technologists, featured a lesbian couple in the title roles. and community activists to address how This work continues in the fall with The the technology industry has changed Falling and the Rising, a new American opera © Jacob Lucas Seattle—for better or for worse. Initiatives conceived by the U.S. Army Field Band and The goddess Athena from the Youth Opera such as these have placed Seattle Opera Soldiers’ Chorus. Based on interviews with Project's recent production of Odyssey, at the forefront of our industry, making active duty soldiers and veterans, the opera is showcasing an all-youth cast. The Youth us a national model for how this art form a story of service, sacrifice, and resilience. Opera Project is a new initiative started confronts contemporary issues. during Aidan's tenure. Pob hwyl yn y dyfodo, Aidan Other important steps taken in the past five [Welsh for Best wishes in the future], Aidan years include the launch of the company’s first bilingual opera for schoolchildren and Enjoy the summer and I look forward to and the Youth Opera Project, our first ever seeing you at Rigoletto in August. production featuring an all-youth cast. We’ve witnessed the growth of our mainstage audience to include more teens and young adults. In fact, our Youth Opera Project, Teen Vocal Studio, TeenTix, and BRAVO! Brian Marks participation have increased significantly in President, Seattle Opera Board of Directors recent years. Seattle Opera has one of the most active opera audiences under the age of 50 in all of the U.S.

Under Aidan's leadership, the company initiated community conversations with partnership organizations and individuals throughout the region. Here members of the Japanese American Citizens League and the American Muslim Empowerment Network participate in a panel discussion following a performance of An American Dream.

Carmen 9

Carmen_Program_042219-fixed.indd 9 4/26/19 11:10 AM SEATTLE OPERA DIRECTORY BOARD OF Unless otherwise indicated, the following numbers are in the 206 area code. DIRECTORS Seattle Opera Audience Services 2018/19 Season Phone: 389.7676 Outside Seattle: 800.426.1619 For TTY Service: 800.833.6388 24-Hour Information Line: 676.5800 Tickets Online: www.seattleopera.org Group Sales: 676.5588 Chairman Treasurer Website: www.seattleopera.org Representatives to the Board John F. Nesholm John Starbard Gayle Charlesworth, Seattle Opera Guild Seattle Opera Donor Services Phone: 389.7669 President Secretary Carissa Castaldo, Seattle Opera Chorus Email: [email protected] Brian Marks Milkana Brace Evan Bennett, BRAVO! Norcliffe Room reservations: 389.7669 or Immediate Past Eric Jacobs, The Seattle Symphony and Opera [email protected] President Players’ Organization Seattle Opera Administrative Offices Maryanne Tagney Phone: 389.7600 Seattle Opera Foundation 363 Mercer Street Vice Presidents Jeffrey Hanna, Brian Marks, Seattle, WA 98109-4600 President ex officio Susan MacGregor Matthew Segal Website: www.seattleopera.org Charles B. Cossé Steven C. Phelps Coughlin Martha Sherman Marion Oliver McCaw Hall James D. Cullen Anne M. Redman James D. Cullen Stephen A. Sprenger Location: 321 Mercer Street Jay Lapin Michael Tobiason Phone: 733.9725 Adam J. Fountain Moya Vazquez Moya Vazquez www.mccawhall.com A. Richard Gemperle William T. Head Usher: 733.9722 Louise Miller Weyerhaeuser Security Office: 733.9735 Jonathan Rosoff Advisory Board For TTY Service: 684.7100 Connie Bloxom Victoria Ivarsson Restaurant—Prelude: 615.0404 John M. Bloxom, Jr. Linda Nordstrom Ticket Donations (day of show): 676.5544 Directors Lost and Found: 684.7200 and 684.7192 Willie C. Aikens Michael Hyman Beverly Brazeau Eulalie Schneider Parking: 684.7340 Thomas H. Allen Bruce E. H. Johnson Norma B. Croco Judy Schuchart Traffic and Transportation Hotline: Barry Bolding Brian LaMacchia David R. Davis Virginia B. Wright 233.3989, ext.1 Betty Hedreen Monorail: 905.2620 and 396.5009 Toby Bright Bruce R. McCaw Hall Rental: 684.7103 Brenda Bruns, M.D. Tom McQuaid Seattle Center Information: 684.7200 Susan Buske Brendan Murphy Honorary Life Members Beverly Brazeau Duff Kennedy Amusements: Gifts of Artistic Expression Stella Choi-Ray Steven C. Phelps Donald L. Johnson Michael M. Scott Hours: 5:00 p.m. for evening performances and Janice C. Condit Tom Puentes 11:30 a.m. for matinee performances; during Charles B. Cossé James David Raisbeck intermissions Past Presidents Natalie de Maar Joshua Rodriguez Phone: 774.4990 Norma B. Croco Sheffield Phelps† Email: [email protected] Susan Detweiler, M.D. Jean Stark Albert O. Foster† Steven C. Phelps Gift Shop Manager: Kate Farwell Carolyn Eagan John Sullivan Max E. Gellert† Maryanne Tagney Amusements is operated jointly by Robert Fries Russell F. Tousley Seattle Opera and Pacific Northwest Ballet. Harold H. Heath† Russell F. Tousley Diana Gale Judy Tsou H. Dewayne Kreager† Richard S. Twiss BRAVO! Leslie Giblett James Uhlir Phone: 389.7676 Francis A. LeSourd† William T. Paul Goodrich Susanne Wakefield, Email: [email protected] † Weyerhaeuser Ph. D. James M. McDonald Jr. Jeffrey Hanna † Stanley N. Minor Howard S. Wright Seattle Opera Guild Kennan Joan S. Watjen Phone: 232.8723 Hollingsworth, M.D. Scott Wyatt John F. Nesholm Email: [email protected] Seattle Opera Guild is an organization Ron Hosogi Lesley Chapin Wyckoff independent of Seattle Opera. Gary Houlahan

Wagner and More (WAM) † Deceased Phone: 389.7669 Email: [email protected]

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Untitled-11 1 4/19/19 2:30 PM 2018/19 SEASON SPONSOR LENORE M. HANAUER PRODUCTION SPONSORS BARBARA STEPHANUS OFFICE OF ARTS & CULTURE | SEATTLE JAY AND SUSANNE WAKEFIELD

ARTIST SPONSORS SUSAN BUSKE JOHN MARZANO JAMES AND SHERRY RAISBECK GINGER COSTA-JACKSON

OPENING NIGHT ALLEN LOUNGE SPONSOR LEASE CRUTCHER LEWIS PRE-PERFORMANCE TALK SPONSOR ZEGRAHM EXPEDITIONS SPOTLIGHT DINNER SPONSOR UNION BANK EXPERIENCE OPERA SPONSOR CLASSICAL KING FM 98.1

Thank you to the caring Seattle Opera donor family— your enduring Annual Fund support fuels this mainstage production and so much more throughout the season.

Photo © Philip Newton

Carmen_Program_042219-fixed.indd 12 4/26/19 11:10 AM CARMEN Music by Georges Bizet Libretto by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy

Premiere: Opéra-Comique, Paris, 1875 Seattle Opera Premiere: 1964 CONDUCTOR CHORUSMASTER Giacomo Sagripanti John Keene Performed at Marion Oliver McCaw Hall: STAGE DIRECTOR ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR & CHOREOGRAPHER May 4, 5m, 8, 11, 12m, 15, 17, 18, 19m, 2019 Paul Curran † Seth Hoff †

Performances 7:30 p.m. Matinees 2:00 p.m. PRODUCTION DESIGNER FIGHT DIRECTOR Gary McCann † Geoffrey Alm

In French with English captions. LIGHTING DESIGNER ENGLISH CAPTIONS Paul Hackenmueller † Jonathan Dean Act I: 50 minutes Intermission Act II: 41 minutes Intermission CAST Acts III and IV: 1 hour (in order of vocal appearance)

MORALÈS FRASQUITA Ryan Bede Madison Leonard

MICAËLA MERCÉDÈS Vanessa Goikoetxea † (May 4, 8, 12, 17, 19) Sarah Coit † Emily Dorn † (May 5, 11, 15, 18) ESCAMILLO DON JOSÉ Rodion Pogossov Scott Quinn (May 4, 8, 12, 17, 19) LE REMENDADO Adam Smith † (May 5, 11, 15, 18) John Marzano ZUNIGA LE DANCAÏRE Daniel Sumegi Mark Diamond † CARMEN Ginger Costa-Jackson (May 4, 8, 12, 17, 19) Zanda Švēde † (May 5, 11, 15, 18)

ASSISTANT STAGE DIRECTOR YOUTH CHORUSMASTER Dan Wallace Miller Beth Kirchhoff † Seattle Opera mainstage debut ASSISTANT CONDUCTOR STAGE MANAGER Philip A. Kelsey Yasmine Kiss Carmen is a co-production between Seattle Opera, Irish National Opera, and Opera Philadelphia. MUSICAL PREPARATION Philip A. Kelsey, David McDade, English captions © Jonathan Dean 2019. Jay Rozendaal Opera presentation and production © Seattle Opera 2019. Copying of any performance by camera, audio, or video recording equipment, and by any other copying device, and by any other use of such copying devices during the performances is prohibited.

Carmen 13 THE STORY ACT I Officers on guard duty near a cigarette factory pass the time people-watching. Micaëla, a girl from the country, approaches them, asking for Don José. They tell her he will be there soon. A bell rings, the women working in the factory emerge from their afternoon break, and the men all ask for Carmen. When she finally appears, they ask when she will love them, but she believes her love is unpredictable. Since Don José is doing his best to ignore her, Carmen tempts him, tossing a flower at him. When the cigarette girls have gone into the factory, Micaëla approaches Don José with a kiss and a letter from his mother. In the letter, José’s mother encourages him to marry Micaëla. But a hubbub bursts out in the cigarette factory: Carmen has gotten into a fight with a colleague. Zuniga arrests Carmen and assigns Don José to guard her. Carmen seduces Don José, who lets her escape. José is hauled off to prison.

INTERMISSION

ACT II At a tavern a month later, Carmen, Frasquita, and Mercédès dance while Zuniga and some officers look on. Zuniga tells Carmen that Don José has served his time in prison and was released that very day. Escamillo arrives with a crowd of admirers and impresses everyone except Carmen. After he leaves, Carmen and her friends plan a smuggling operation with Dancaïre and Remendado. The men want Carmen to accompany them, but she refuses, saying that she is in love. Don José arrives and declares his love for Carmen. She begins dancing for him, but he stops her when a bugle summons him back to the barracks. When he declares he must go, she mocks his sense of duty. Hurt, he shows Carmen that he still has the flower she tossed at him. She asks him to run away with her. Zuniga returns, hoping to find Carmen alone, and he and José draw swords; Dancaïre and Remendado separate them. Rather than go back to prison, Don José agrees to join the smugglers.

INTERMISSION

ACT III At the smuggler’s hideout, Don José and Carmen quarrel. Carmen is done with him, but he is unwilling to leave her. Mercédès, Frasquita, and Carmen foretell their futures in the cards; the first two find love and wealth, but Carmen sees only death. The bandits leave—the women will distract the customs guards while the men smuggle their contraband. Escamillo comes looking for Carmen. He fights with Don José, but Carmen intercedes. Micaëla appears and implores Don José to return to his mother, who is dying. Carmen tells him to go, but Don José warns her they are not yet through.

ACT IV Outside the bullring in Seville, Carmen and Escamillo profess their love for each other. Frasquita cautions Carmen that Don José is waiting for her. Carmen says she is not afraid and goes to confront him. He begs her to leave with him, but she refuses. She throws a ring José gave her at his feet, and he stabs her.

A note on our translation: Most opera lovers know Carmen as an outsider; she’s a “gypsy” woman. But if you read the Carmen libretto, you’d see the word bohémien rather than “gypsy.” Bohémien, the French word (and subsequently the translated slur “gypsy”), has become entangled with a variety of different meanings. Originally, it was a pejorative slur assigned to Roma, the nomadic and often vilified group commonly believed by the French to have originated from the Bohemia region of the Czech Republic. Later, bohémien came to be associated with artists, writers, musicians, and actors who were starting to concentrate in the lower-rent, lower-class neighborhoods in 19th-century Paris. The French word you’ll hear everyone singing in this opera is bohémien (or bohémienne); we have chosen to render this word (spelled, in English, “Bohemian”) in the supertitles for this production. To learn more about the complex history of these words, check out the displays in the lobby.

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GEOFFREY ALM GINGER COSTA-JACKSON EMILY DORN Fight Director (Seattle, WA) Carmen Micaëla Seattle Opera Debut: Mezzo-Soprano Soprano War and Peace (’90) (Palermo, Sicily) (Mississauga, Ontario) Previously at Seattle Seattle Opera Debut: Seattle Opera Debut Opera: Il trovatore (’19); Dorabella, Così Recently: Pamina, The Combat (’17); fan tutte (’18) The Magic Flute The Ring (’00, ’13) Recently: Rosina, (Semperoper Dresden); Recently: Assassins The Barber of Seville Mimì, La bohème (ACT Theatre); Romeo and Juliet (Seattle (Opéra de Toulon); Carmen, Carmen San Diego (Opéra de Lausanne); Martha/Lady Harriet, Shakespeare Company); Paint Your Wagon Opera and (New National Theatre Tokyo); Martha (Landestheater Detmold) (The 5th Avenue Theatre) Maddalena, Rigoletto (Los Angeles Opera) Upcoming: Violetta, La traviata (Vancouver Upcoming: Helen, La Belle Hélène (Odyssey Opera); Gretel, Hänsel and Gretel Opera); Cinderella, Cinderella (Seattle Opera); (Landestheater Detmold); Donna Elvira, RYAN BEDE Musetta, La bohème (Seattle Opera) Don Giovanni (Landestheater Detmold) Moralès Baritone (Tacoma, WA) PAUL CURRAN VANESSA GOIKOETXEA Seattle Opera Debut: (Glasgow, Scotland) Second Priest, Stage Director Micaëla The Magic Flute (’17) Seattle Opera Debut Soprano (Durango Previously at Seattle Recently: Iolanta (Bizkaia), Spain) Opera: Fiorello, The (Chicago Opera Seattle Opera Debut Barber of Seville (’17); Theater); Tosca Recently: Mimì, Jim Crowley, An American Dream (’17); Prince (Mariinsky Theatre); La bohème and Giselda, Yamadori, Madame Butterfly (’17) The Flying Dutchman I Lombardi (Asociación Recently: Schaunard, La bohème (Lyric (Fondazione del Teatro Bilbaína de Amigos de Opera Northwest); Masetto, Don Giovanni del Maggio Musicale Fiorentino) la Ópera); Hanna Glawari, The Merry Widow (Opera Idaho); Bass Soloist, Handel’s Messiah Upcoming: The Bartered Bride (Garsington (Korea National Opera) (Bremerton Symphony) Opera); The Golden Cockerel (Dallas Opera); Upcoming: Vitellia, La Clemenza di Tito (Gran Upcoming: Belcore, L’elisir d’amore Rigoletto (Nederlandse Reisopera) Teatre del Liceau); Violetto, La traviata (Teatro (Tacoma Opera) de la Maestranza); Hanna Glawari, The Merry Widow (Semeperoper Dreseden) MARK DIAMOND SARAH COIT Le Dancaïre Mercédès Baritone (Augusta, GA) PAUL HACKENMUELLER Lighting Designer (Minneapolis, MN) Mezzo-Soprano Seattle Opera Debut (Spring Hill, FL) Recently: Count Carl Seattle Opera Debut Seattle Opera Debut Magnus, A Little Night Recently: L’Oracolo, Recently: Zerlina, Music (Houston Grand Mala vita, Il bravo Don Giovanni (Utah Opera); Papageno, (Wexford Festival Opera); Alisa, Lucia di The Magic Flute Opera); Così fan tutte Lammermoor (Santa (Aspen Music Festival); Maximilian, Candide (Lyric Opera of Kansas Fe Opera); Cherubino, The Marriage of Figaro (Baltimore Symphony Orchestra) City); The Golden (Michigan Opera Theatre) Cockerel (Santa Fe Opera) Upcoming: Jenny, Threepenny Opera (West Upcoming: Così fan tutte (Mill City Summer Edge Opera); Rosina, The Barber of Seville Opera); Ever After (New Broadway Musical); (Utah Opera) The Golden Cockerel (Dallas Opera)

Carmen 17 ARTISTS CONT.

SETH HOFF JOHN MARZANO SCOTT QUINN Associate Director & Choreographer Le Remendado Don José (Madison, WI) Tenor (Tacoma, WA) Tenor (Marshall, TX) Seattle Opera Debut Seattle Opera Debut: Seattle Opera Debut: Recently: A Midsummer Giuseppe, Boris, Katya Night’s Dream (Opera La traviata (’17) Kabanova (’17) Philadelphia); Sweeney Previously at Seattle Recently: Cavaradossi, Todd (Atlanta Opera) Opera: Ruiz, Tosca (North Carolina Upcoming: The Barber Il trovatore (’19) Opera); Duke of of Seville (Portland Recently: Camille de Rosillon, The Merry Mantua, Rigoletto Opera); The Love for Three Oranges (Opera Widow (Tacoma Opera); Tony, West Side (San Diego Opera); Count Elemer, Arabella Philadelphia) Story (Symphony Tacoma); Arturo, Lucia di (San Francisco Opera) Lammermoor (Vashon Opera) Upcoming: Don José, Carmen (Pittsburgh Upcoming: Alfredo, La traviata Opera); Duke of Mantua, Rigoletto (Houston JOHN KEENE (Vashon Opera) Grand Opera) Chorusmaster (Lancaster, PA) Seattle Opera Debut: Chorusmaster, GARY MCCANN GIACOMO SAGRIPANTI (Berlin, Germany) (Giulianova, Italy) Fidelio (’12) Production Designer Conductor Recently: Seattle Opera Debut Seattle Opera Debut: Chorusmaster, The Recently: The Golden La Cenerentola (’13) (R)evolution of Steve Cockerel (Santa Fe Previously at Seattle Jobs, Il trovatore, Opera); Der Freischütz Opera: The Barber Porgy and Bess (Seattle Opera) (Wiener Staatsoper); of Seville (’17); Count Upcoming: Judge, Metropolitan Opera Anna Bolena (Opéra Ory (’16) National Council Auditions Royal de Wallonie, Recently: La traviata, Opéra de Lausanne, Royal Opera Muscat, L’elisir d’amore (Opera National de Paris); Un Opera Bilbao) ballo in maschera (Bolshoi Moscow); Lucrezia MADISON LEONARD Upcoming: The Bartered Bride (Nederlandse Borgia (Théâtre du Capitole, Toulouse) Frasquita Reisopera); Don Carlos (Opéra Royal de Upcoming: Norma (Oper Frankfurt, Oper Soprano Wallonie); My Fair Lady (Teatro Massimo, Stuttgart); Madame Butterfly (Opéra National (Coeur d’Alene, ID) Palermo) de Paris); Il pirata (Opéra de Monte-Carlo) Seattle Opera Debut: Chrisann Brennan, The (R)evolution of RODION POGOSSOV ADAM SMITH Escamillo Don José Steve Jobs (’19) Recently: Juliet, Baritone Tenor Romeo and Juliet, Ilia, Idomeneo (Wolf (Moscow, Russia) (Cheshire, England) Trap Opera); Morgana, Alcina (Washington Seattle Opera Debut: Seattle Opera Debut National Opera) Susanna, The Marriage of Raimbaud, Recently: Duke of Figaro (Inland Northwest Opera) Count Ory (’16) Mantua, Rigoletto Upcoming: Emmeline, Emmeline (Tulsa Recently: Enrico, Lucia (Scottish Opera); Opera); Gilda, Rigoletto (Austin Opera, di Lammermoor (Oper Rodolfo, La bohème Seattle Opera); Pamina, The Magic Flute Graz); Malatesta, Don Pasquale (La Monnaie, (Dorset Opera); The Indian Tenor, Sadko (North Carolina Opera) Brussels); Marcello, La bohème (Royal Opera (Opera Vlaanderen) House, London) Upcoming: Pinkerton, Madame Butterfly Upcoming: Papageno, The Magic Flute (English National Opera), Don José, Carmen (Komische Oper at New York’s David H. Koch (Tulsa Opera); Hoffmann, Les Contes Theater); Marcello, La bohème (Bayerische d’Hoffmann (TBA) Staatsoper); Figaro, The Barber of Seville (Minnesota Opera)

18 Seattle Opera 2018/19 Season Premier Residential Retirement Since 1987 DANIEL SUMEGI Zuniga Bass-baritone (Sydney, Australia) Seattle Opera Debut: Daland, The Flying Dutchman (’07) Previously at Seattle Opera: Fafner and Hagen, The Ring (‘09 and ‘13); Daland The A I IF Flying Dutchman (‘16); Don Basilio, The Barber For More of Seville (‘17); Don Pedro, Beatrice and Lasting Connections Interesting Hobbies Beautiful Walks Benedict (‘18); Ramfis, Aida (‘18) Recently: Pogner, Die Meistersinger von At family-owned and locally operated Era Living Nürnberg (Opera Australia); Jokannaan, Salome (Israeli Opera); The Dutchman, The retirement communities, active seniors are making Flying Dutchman (Malmö Opera) room for more community and memorable Upcoming: Judge Turpin, Sweeney Todd (TEG/ Lifelike Touring) moments in their retirement years. Visit eraliving.com to learn more about our 8 ZANDA ŠVĒDE unique and innovative communities across Carmen Seattle, Renton, and the Eastside. Mezzo-Soprano (Valmiera, Latvia) Seattle Opera Debut Recently: Carmen, Carmen Xerxes, Xerxes (Oper Frankfurt); Dryade, Ariadne auf Naxos (Oper Frankfurt) Philip Newton Upcoming: Radamisto, Zenobia (Oper Frankfurt); Carmen, Carmen (Pittsburgh Opera)

Thank you Aidan Lang for your dedication, vision and leadership of Seattle Opera these past five years. Seattle appreciates your contributions to make our city a more creative and equitable community.

Carmen 19 ARTISTS CONT.

DANCERS Jennifer Mealani Jones, Mark David Bloodgood Dance Captain Jordan King Alex Crozier

ACTORS John Williams Lynch

SUPERNUMERARIES Tony Barrick Tyrone Olds Marco Lago Daniel “Monk” Romer Dan Lathrop Bruce Schickler Gary Lee Stephen Willey

CHORUS Soprano Linda Mattos Donna Baldwin Mary McLaughlin Carissa Castaldo Ibidunni Ojikutu Jennifer Cross Dana Johnson Robbins Karen Early Evans Eleanor Stallcop-Horrox Melanie Hingson Shelly Traverse

Mezzo Lorraine Burdick Gail Neil Erica Convery Elizabeth Peterson Laura Eichelberger Allison Brooke YeonSoo Lee Robertson Cheryse McLeod Lewis Susan Salas

Tenor DuWayne Andrews Jon Farmer Nathan Barnes Anthony James Benjamin Cleveland Tim Janecke Joel Cummings Karl Reyes Andrew Etherington Stephen Wall

Bass/Baritone Michael Dunlap Ben Kramer Craig Garretson Dierre Lopez Memory Support in the most beautiful place imaginable. Craig Grayson Julian Reisenthel Dorothy’s Place is a new residential memory support Glenn Guhr Jonah Spool residence located inside of the Bayview community Tom Hingson Revere Taylor on lower Queen Anne Hill. The 10-apartment memory YOUTH CHORUS support residence is designed to enable individuals to Trinav Banerjee Ivonne Huang thrive through small group and individualized activities Anderson Bull Judah Marshall that stimulate the senses, trigger memories, and promote Archibald El Naggar Gracie Cate Moffat social engagement in a family-style setting. Andy Gantner Evangeline OpongParry Tristan Hagen Zachary Simons Kian Hammer Sebastian Weigel Learn more by calling (206) 701-1514 or visit BayviewSeattle.org. Ally Holmgren Elise Xu

20 Seattle Opera 2018/19 Season Bischofberger Violins est. 1955 ORCHESTRA Professional Violin I Clarinet Repairs Simon James, Concertmaster Benjamin Lulich, Principal Appraisals Jennifer Bai Laura DeLuca & Mariel Bailey Sales Kelly Farris Bassoon Timothy Garland Dana Bliss, Principal 1314 E. John St. Caitlin Kelley Paul Rafanelli Seattle, WA Leonid Keylin 206-324-3119 Victoria Parker Horn www.bviolins.combviolinsltd.com Mikhail Shmidt, Asst. Concertmaster Mark Robbins, Principal Clark Story Jenna Breen John Turman BV 071811 repair 1_12.pdf Violin II Jonathan Karschney SEATTLE Gennady Filimonov, Principal CHAMBER Brittany Breeden Cornet MUSIC Stephen Bryant Alexander White, Principal Linda Cole Michael Myers SOCIETY JAMES EHNES Adrianna Hulscher Artistic Director Andy Liang, Asst. Principal Trombone Rachael Pearson Ko-ichiro Yamamoto, Principal Joy Rhee David Ritt Tickets on Stephen Fissel Sale Now! Viola from $55 Timothy Hale, Principal Timpani Allison Farkas James Benoit, Principal Sayaka Kokubo, Asst. Principal SUMMER FESTIVAL Laura Renz Percussion JULY 1-27, 2019 Daniel Stone Michael Werner, Principal Julie Whitton Michael Clark ILLSLEY BALL NORDSTROM RECITAL HALL at Benaroya Hall Matthew Decker Cello BOX OFFICE Meeka Quan DiLorenzo, Principal Harp 206.283.8808 // seattlechambermusic.org Nathan Chan, Asst. Principal Valerie Muzzolini Gordon, Principal Eric Han Roberta Downey Personnel Manager Charles Jacot Scott Wilson Joy Payton-Stevens Asst. Personnel Manager Bass Keith Higgins Joseph Kaufman, Principal Sam Casseday Rotating members of the string sections Brendan Fitzgerald, Asst. Principal are listed alphabetically. The Orchestra Jennifer Godfrey is composed of members of the Seattle Symphony Orchestra. ¿ Wholesale and Retail Sales ¿ Flute/Piccolo Roasting fine coffees since 1993 Demarre McGill, Principal Robin Peery

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Carmen 21 MEET SEATTLE OPERA'S NEXT LEADER By Gabrielle Nomura Gainor

WHAT ARE SOME OF YOUR ARTISTIC ACHIEVEMENTS? For one, creating Washington National Opera’s American Opera Initiative. Now going on its eighth season, the program offers young composers and librettists a developmental forum in which to bridge the gap between conservatory training and full-length commissions. I’m proud of many of the productions I brought to Barcelona, including Elektra, Andrea Chénier, and Quartett. Also, I’m very pleased to have been working at San Francisco for the world premieres of Dead Man Walking and A Streetcar Named Desire.

WHY WERE YOU INTERESTED IN THE OPPORTUNITY TO LEAD SEATTLE OPERA? I have admired Seattle Opera for many years, and I attended performances here regularly (a total of 19 times) when I was working at San Francisco Opera. In my experience, there’s a unique enthusiasm, an engaged and dedicated audience that’s always felt special. I think the company is impressive, and it can grow even further. It has a great history, from more recent work to historic Wagner productions (some of which I have seen). Seattle Opera also has a beautiful and modern opera house with excellent acoustics, and now, a civic home which will add much value and many opportunities within the community. Singers love coming to Seattle Opera because they like the company and they like the city.

© Christian Machio © Christian HAVE YOU THOUGHT AT ALL ABOUT WHAT KINDS OF PRODUCTIONS YOU’D LIKE TO BRING TO SEATTLE OPERA? Meet Seattle Opera’s future General Director, Christina I have ideas of course, but I still need to obtain a list of Seattle Opera’s Scheppelmann. Beginning this summer, Scheppelmann will repertoire in the past decade to ensure I wouldn’t be repeating anything too soon. I also very much want to get to know the become the company’s fourth leader in 56 years. She replaces community in Seattle better first. With that said, there is a Lohengrin I Aidan Lang, who departs for Welsh National Opera at the end have in mind that would be interesting. of the 2018/19 season. Born in Germany and fluent in five languages, Scheppelmann is currently the artistic leader of WHAT ARE YOU MOST LOOKING FORWARD TO ABOUT Gran Teatre del Liceu, Barcelona. RETURNING TO THE U.S.? To read the full Q&A, please go to seattleopera.org/blog You’re going to laugh. In my experience entering Europe, one schleps through immigration and the immigration officer simply hands your passport back. When I’ve entered the U.S., nine times out of 10, the immigration officer has said, “Welcome home.” I always thought that DO YOU REMEMBER WHEN YOU FELL IN LOVE WITH OPERA? was nice. I felt welcome all 19 years that I lived in the U.S. I’m very Yes. Two moments stand out in my memory as being moments I happy to soon be close to the many personal and professional friends began to deeply love opera. The first time was participating with I have in the U.S. members of the Children’s Chorus in performances of Parsifal singing in “The Chorus from the Height” in Act 1. I was 14. The second was on YOU HAVE A FAMILY CONNECTION TO THE SEATTLE AREA. Nov. 22, 1981; a performance of Don Carlo. I attended with a couple of Yes! My wife was born in Seattle, moved to Germany as a baby, and my friends from the children’s chorus. We got student tickets and sat spent time there as a child before moving back to the States for all of in the fifth row. What an incredible experience. I was 16. At the time, her school years. She’s been away from the Seattle area for about 30 even though I was singing in the opera children’s chorus, I had never years now, but her mother lives in the area. Fun fact: Beth and I were seen an opera from the auditorium. married by Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsberg.

22 Seattle Opera 2018/19 Season

Carmen_Program_042219-fixed.indd 22 4/26/19 11:10 AM DO YOU LIKE TALKING ABOUT MUSIC?

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© Philip Newton shifts • Hourly plus 50-MINUTE OPERA FOR FAMILIES AT THE NEW OPERA CENTER Explore a classic story from a fresh Bilingual performance in English commissions perspective when our most popular and Spanish touring opera comes to our new June 23 & 29 at 2:00 PM & 4:00 PM • Perks and community home! The fully staged bonuses opera Cinderella en España (Cinderella TAGNEY JONES HALL in Spain) is inspired by various global 206.389.7676 retellings of the timeless rags-to- SEATTLEOPERA.ORG/FAMILYOPERA • Excellent riches tale. The action is set in vibrant earning Barcelona, providing a lively, modern-day Libretto by Kate Pogue bilingual backdrop to this deceptively Music by Mary Carol Warwick potential simple story about the beauty of This program is supported, in part, by a grant kindness and the ugliness of mistreating from the Washington State Arts Commission others. Performed by professional in partnership with the National Endowment singers with live piano accompaniment. for the Arts EMAIL [email protected] WITH “MUSIC TALKER” IN SUBJECT LINE.

Carmen 23

Carmen_Program_042219-fixed.indd 23 4/26/19 11:10 AM CULTURAL CONTRAST IN BIZET’S CARMEN AT THE OPÉRA-COMIQUE By Judy Tsou

Judy Tsou is music librarian emerita at the In 1872, when Georges Bizet chose Prosper Mérimée’s infamous novella Carmen University of Washington, where she also as the subject of his upcoming opera for Paris’s Opéra-Comique, the reaction taught opera analysis for two decades. was swift from Adolphe de Leuven, one of the producers: “Carmen! The Carmen She has published extensively on critical of Mérimée? Wasn’t she murdered by her lover? And the underworld of thieves, studies of gender and race in operas and gypsies, cigarette girls—at the Opéra-Comique, the theater of families or musicals. Tsou is a member of the Seattle wedding parties? You would put the public to flight. No, no, impossible!” We know Opera Board of Directors. that Bizet got his way and de Leuven eventually resigned. The subject was risqué, especially for the Opéra-Comique, which by the 1870s had become increasingly conservative. The audience expected G-rated “rom-com” operas.

The librettist, Ludovic Halévy, attempted to appease the producers and offered the following remedies: a tamer Carmen (did not happen), a good-girl foil to Carmen (Micaëla), a heroic male character (Escamillo, the bullfighter) in place of the original narrator, exoticized "gypsies" as comedians (not really), and Carmen’s death “glossed over at the very end of the opera [not!], in a holiday atmosphere [yes], with a parade [before the murder], a ballet [no], a joyful fanfare [sort of].” Bizet and Halévy then set to work by painting his characters in two columns: the exotic versus the appeasing normative characters. In the exotic column are Carmen and her friends—Frasquita, Mercédès, and the smugglers. The normative column includes the dragoons, Micaëla, and Escamillo. In addition, Bizet endowed the normative characters with French sensibilities, betting on the idea of French nationalism to appeal to the conservative audience.

The normative yardstick was quickly set at the beginning of the opera. The chorus of Spanish soldiers reminds us in the refrain, “What funny people these are!” (Drôles de gens que ces gens là!), immediately bringing the audience into the point of view of the soldiers, the regular people. Bizet also used the style of everyday French music in the soldiers’ chorus; the audience at the time would recognize it. This beginning draws a “them” and “us” line in the opera.

Next is the introduction of Micaëla, the normative good girl, before Carmen’s entrance. Micaëla’s soft orchestral introduction is a dainty descending line, with lingering notes exuding the hesitation of a wide-eyed country girl coming into the big city (Seville). This girl next door is sent by corporal Don José’s mother. Micaëla dutifully gives José the letter, the money, and a kiss from his mother. She reveals that she went to church with his mother, which indicates her piety. The music supports this with the insertion of an “Amen cadence,” the harmonies signaling the end of a hymn. This is a typical female character in the Opéra-Comique: pure, humble, and pious.

24 Seattle Opera 2018/19 Season

Carmen_Program_042219-fixed.indd 24 4/26/19 11:10 AM Carmen’s entrance is the diametrical composer Sebastian Yradier (1809–1865) in the “Gypsy Song” is intended to show the opposite of Micaëla’s. Carmen’s entrance has who used the popular habanera rhythm from effect of Romani magic: arousing sensual confidence, and the men’s line, “Mais nous ne Havana. Thus, Bizet’s sound is not ethnically passion and inebriation, which is reflected in voyons pas la Carmencita?” (But why do we authentic; it is Spanish Basque with a Cuban the orchestral frenzy at the end of the piece. not see Carmencita?), creates anticipation. touch. This song was likely to have been Even though this music sounds like opera to Her entrance is marked by a quick ascending performed in cabarets and other popular us, Opéra-Comique audiences would have line followed by the fate motif; the music is music venues, a “foreign” genre to operas. In heard it as foreign and low-class. fast and loud. This is followed by her slinky addition to the Basque song, Bizet included Another “exotic” element is Bizet’s ominous Habanera, “L’amour est un oiseau rebelle” cabaret and other popular music, modal five-note fate motif that is introduced in the (Love is a rebellious bird); this aria defines sounds of the Middle East, and Spanish last section of the Prelude to the opera. This Carmen’s exoticism and wild licentiousness. flamenco to paint the exotic Carmen. motif is connected to the fates of Carmen The rhythm is in a tug-and-pull, proffering The non-specific ethnicity could be a and her friends. It evokes the Middle East and withholding love toward her admirers. mix: Near the end of Act 1, Carmen sings and is accompanied by the foreboding violin The melody is a descent with serpentine a Seguidilla that evokes the Middle East tremolos. It marks doom and the fateful twists and turns and teasing notes. The text more than Spain. In Act 2, the “Gypsy Song” relationship between Carmen and Don José. expounds her autobiographical philosophy resembles Romani music but has a Spanish This motif appears before Carmen’s entrance of love and life unfettered by boundaries. flamenco lick in the cabaret music. The text (Act 1); before Don José’s love song, “The The original tune (“El Arreglito”) is by Basque Flower Song” (Act 2); when the Roma were telling fortunes (Act 3)—a stereotypical "gypsy" representation and at the final scene where Don José kills Carmen (Act 4). In fact, the motif appears throughout the opera in different guises to signify bad omens.

In addition to Micaëla, Escamillo is the other normative character. He is gentlemanly, cool, and calm, like a hero of the Opéra-Comique. Escamillo’s stability is most obvious in his music. His signature “Toreador Song” is straightforward. The hymn-like duet in Act 4 between Escamillo and Carmen shows a tranquility that is lacking in the tempestuous relationship between Carmen and Don José. Escamillo and Carmen sing each other’s music and eventually sing in perfect harmony, showing that their thoughts are one. This kind of relationship met the Bourgeoisie's expectations, unlike that of Don José and Carmen.

Bizet and his librettists set out to write an opera for the French middle class by creating sympathetic characters that conformed to the French nationalist ideal. On the other hand, Bizet employed every exotic tool, no matter the origin, to mark the “other” characters. Ultimately, the Parisians panned the premiere (March 1875), but it was not unsuccessful; Carmen ran for 47 more performances at the Opéra-Comique. The re-premiere in Vienna in October 1875, with minor revisions by Ernest Guiraud (the version on which our performance is based), was a success and won its place in the opera canon. Unfortunately, Bizet did not live to see the unqualified success of Carmen.

Poster by Prudent Louis Leray for Carmen’s premiere. William Crawford Collection. Used with permission from the Music Library, University of Washington.

Carmen 25

Carmen_Program_042219-fixed.indd 25 4/26/19 11:11 AM THE CINEMATIC LIVES OF CARMEN By Julie Hubbert

What do Nietzsche and Bart Simpson have in common? It’s not a trick question. In fact, the answer reveals a hidden collaboration that has shaped the reception of this opera for over a century. The answer is Carmen. Nietzsche loved Carmen, although this admiration “...if men could just keep was certainly colored by misogyny and his growing contempt for Wagner. Bart Simpson’s connection to Carmen, however, is equally their pants zipped, would compelling and perhaps even more complex. In the second episode there be a Carmen?” of the animated series, after Bart cheats on an IQ test, his mother Marge rewards him with a night at the opera. While there, Bart and his father Homer delightfully skewer opera conventions (a soprano with a healthy appetite does end the opera), but they also display an intimate knowledge of the music, especially when Bart sings the time-honored contrafactum of the Toreador’s Song: “Toreador, please don’t spit on the floor. Please use a cuspidor, that’s what it’s for.”

EARLY 1900S: THE SILENT FILMS The International Movie Database (IMDb) counts 47 film versions of Carmen, but scholars, who include French, Spanish, and African language productions, put the number well over 80. Bart’s sing-a- long in The Simpsons, in fact, is a delightful reprise of one of the earliest Carmen films, Charlie Chaplin’s Burlesque on Carmen (1916). If one prizes parody, and I do, Chaplin’s film is terrific for the way it recasts Carmen as a screen vamp, but also for the way it satirizes the witlessness of men who fall for such seductresses. Chaplin’s Don José (hilariously renamed Darn Hosiery) reminds us of how essential the so-called virtuous man is to the construction of the unvirtuous woman and raises the question: if men could just keep their pants zipped, would there be a Carmen?

Chaplin’s parody, however, is also a thoughtful homage, a shot- for-shot remake at times, of Cecil B. DeMille’s Carmen (1915) of the year before. Both were part of the first “battle of the Carmens,” with DeMille’s production claiming the high ground by casting Metropolitan Opera star Geraldine Farrar in the title role. A month later director Raoul Walsh sought a steamier performance and gave the role to legendary stage actress Theda Bara. DeMille was not the first to try to elevate film by connecting it to opera or enriching the silent screen with the implied sound of an opera singer. Surviving scores for the live accompaniment for both films relied on Bizet’s music, but Ernst Lubitsch had the final word. His Carmen (1918), arguably the first fully cinematic version, featured neither singer nor thespian, but one of the greatest movie stars of silent era, Pola Negri.

26 Seattle Opera 2018/19 Season

Carmen_Program_042219-fixed.indd 26 4/26/19 11:11 AM A production poster and photograph from Carmen Jones, the 1954 Otto Priminger film starring Dorothy Dandridge (Carmen) and Harry Belafonte (Don José).

THE 1940S: POST-WAR TENSIONS The silent Carmens were only the beginning of a very long conversation that has existed between Mérimée’s novella, Bizet’s opera, and film. Film Carmens were made sporadically throughout the 1930s, but a cluster of post-war Carmens made the femme fatale popular again. Or rather, post-war politics and issues of racial equality in the U.S. made Carmen relevant again. Here Carmen’s sexuality is explained not as an excess of personality but as a feature of ethnicity. In both Mérimée’s and Bizet’s works, Carmen is an exotic outsider, a gypsy whose coupling with the Basque Don José is very near an act of miscegenation. This is not exactly Oscar Hammerstein’s reading. In fact, one of the criticisms of his remake of Bizet’s opera into the Broadway musical Carmen Jones in 1943 for an all-black cast is that it erased the ethnic and racial tension in Mérimée’s original. Although some of that tension is preserved in the linguistic colloquialisms, i.e., the “dis” and “dat” that Hammerstein carefully inserted only into the songs and nowhere else in the dialogue. These fissures were uncomfortable in 1943 and even more so in 1954, the year of Brown v. Board of Education and Otto Preminger’s film version of the musical.

Against the backdrop of the civil rights movement, as film historian Jeff Smith points out, the all-black cast oddly maintained the fantasy of “separate but equal” and was a strange throwback to the segregated race films of the 1920s and 30s. But it starred Dorothy Dandridge and Harry Belafonte and broke racial barriers when Dandridge became the first African-American to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for her Carmen. Racial politics also colored the reception of the film not only because Preminger was having an affair with Dandridge but because he insisted on re-voicing both leads. Dandridge and Belafonte were established popular singers, but because of the range and vocal demands of Bizet’s music, Preminger dubbed them with opera singers: Belafonte with the young African-American tenor LeVern Hutcherson, but Dandridge controversially with a young white opera student named Marilyn Horne.

The film is often credited with helping to desegregate not only Hollywood but the opera house as well. As opera scholar Susan McClary noted, Dandridge inspired the rise of the Black Carmen which propelled Leontyne Price to fame in the 1964 with a recording of Carmen and Grace Bumbry to acclaim in Karajan’s filmed Carmen in 1967.

Carmen 27

Carmen_Program_042219-fixed.indd 27 4/26/19 11:11 AM THE 1980S: THE FEMINIST CARMEN THE 2000S: MTV AND MORE Bizet’s heirs never liked Hammerstein’s musical version of the opera In today’s mashup culture, Kip Collin’s MTV Carmen: A Hip and blocked screenings of Preminger’s Carmen Jones in France until Hopera starring Beyoncé Knowles and Mekhi Phifer from 2001 is 1981 when Bizet’s opera finally entered public domain. That event noteworthy for its attempt to update not just Carmen but Carmen may have triggered another rash of Carmen films, although the Jones. Beyoncé’s ability to command our attention visually as well pressing political issue of feminism, which in the U.S. peaked with the as sonically, and to suggest the feminism that would eventually failure to pass the Equal Rights Amendment in 1982, might also have dominate her stunning visual album Lemonade (2016), make for also prompted it. In 1983 and 1984 no less than four film Carmens compelling viewing. The two prominent post-colonial films of appeared, including Carlos Saura’s flamenco Carmen, Francesco Carmen are staged in Africa. Mark Dornford-May’s 2005 production Rosi’s Carmen, Peter Brook’s La Tragédie de Carmen, and Jean-Luc U-Carmen eKahayelitsha, set in the slums of Cape Town, South Goddard’s Prenom: Carmen. Within this group, Rosi’s Carmen stands Africa with the libretto rewritten in the Bantu language of Xhosa, out for offering a literal reading of Bizet’s opera and one of the most and Joseph Gaye Ramaka’s 2001 production Karmen Gei set in influential recontextualizations of Carmen. Rosi’s is not the only film Senegal, are also striking. These all-black productions root Carmen to reclaim Carmen as Spanish rather than French, but it is one of the in an authentic community where centuries of colonial oppression few to authenticate Carmen within a community. Some of this, still shape concepts of political freedom and identity. But while Dr. McClary rightfully points out, is accomplished by casting American Dornford-May’s radically preserves Bizet’s music, with Pauline Julia Migenes Johnson in the title role. Her light soprano has very Malefance purportedly singing her arias live on-set, in Karmen Gei little of the deep throated sultriness that most mezzos bring to the the mesmerizing Djeinaba Diop Gai embodies Carmen more through role. But Rosi also recasts Carmen not as a monstrous seductress, dance than song, her seduction backed by the powerful sound of 40 but as a daughter, a part of a community where athletic dancing and Senegalese sabar dummers. sharp verbal skills among women are prized, even commonplace. This These 21st century African Carmens point back to Nietzsche’s 19th Carmen dances with one of the neighborhood’s grandfathers, whose century observation that Carmen’s music is cheerful, “not in a French elegantly nimble and economical flamenco skills are a better and or German… but in an African way.” Perhaps Carmen is resilient to more enjoyable match for her than the stiff yet passionately-voiced dislocations of geography, race, and politics because at heart it is Don José (Placido Domingo). Within this film’s community Carmen is a misunderstanding of all of these things. The character is always not the monstrous, exotic outsider; Don José is. unreal, unfamiliar, or exotic to someone. What neither Nietzsche nor anyone else could have predicted, however, is how essential the cinema has become in constructing Carmen, for seeing and hearing the exotic, and for both understanding and misunderstanding ourselves. So how will Carmen be revealed next? How will Paul Curran’s Carmen contribute to this inter-medial conversation? Let’s see!

Julie Hubbert is a Seattle native and grew up attending Seattle Opera. She is an associate professor of music history at the School of Music at the University of South Carolina where she also teaches in the Film and Media Studies Department. This fall, with the help of a NEH Fellowship, she will complete a book on music in films from the New Hollywood Era.

U-Carmen eKhayelitsha is a modern remake of Bizet’s masterpiece. The 2005 operatic film is set in Cape Town, South Africa, in the township of Khayelitsha and performed entirely in Xhosa.

28 Seattle Opera 2018/19 Season

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Untitled-3 1 12/5/18 4:31 PM IN THE LOBBY Because Bizet chose to set his opera in Spain, Carmen may not seem like an Orientalist opera at first glance. But this story involving Romani people (often referred to by the ethnic slur “gypsies”) is not unlike Bizet’s other works that show friction between a dominant culture and an untamable minority. How is Carmen similar to The Pearl Fishers (1863)? What compelled French artists to depict an exotic, feminine “Other” in the 19th century? Visit the Carmen lobby displays to learn more.

verdi RIGOLETTO AUGUST 10–28

THE COST OF CORRUPTION NEW-TO-SEATTLE PRODUCTION! Célestine Galli-Marié was the first to sing Verdi’s thrilling tale of lechery, betrayal, In Italian with English subtitles. the title role in Carmen at the opera’s Paris and revenge runs the emotional gamut in Evenings 7:30 PM premiere in 1875. true operatic fashion while filling the stage Sundays 2:00 PM with brilliant melodies, including the iconic “La donna è mobile”. This powerful and MCCAW HALL evocative new staging mixes grit and 206.389.7676 glamour while drawing comparisons to SEATTLEOPERA.ORG/RIGOLETTO newsmakers of today.

2019/20 SEASON SPONSOR: IN MEMORY OF KARYL WINN PRODUCTION SPONSOR: KREIELSHEIMER ENDOWMENT FUND © Philip Newton

30 Seattle Opera 2018/19 Season

Carmen_Program_042219-fixed.indd 30 4/26/19 11:11 AM STAFF CHAT: JONATHAN DEAN

DESCRIBE WHAT A DRAMATURG DOES. HOW MANY LANGUAGES CAN YOU My job is to make sure everyone understands TRANSLATE? the operas on our stage. Most often, that I translate operas from Italian, French, and means providing context. You might think of German, and have been fluent in those a Dramaturg as a sort of “Footnotes guy”—an languages (not all at the same time!). We’ve annotator who provides additional informa- also presented operas sung in Russian, Czech, tion, both to the audience and sometimes to Spanish, and Hungarian; we rented transla- the artists. tions for those. Least favorite part of my job: titling English-language operas. Favorite part: GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF HOW YOU’VE writing words to be sung in English (recently, SUPPORTED THE ARTISTS. for The Combat and Beatrice & Benedict). Last summer, during Porgy and Bess, the conductor wanted to know exactly how ARE YOU A TRANSLATOR OR AN many times the hurricane bell should ring. INTERPRETER? The libretto specifies a particular Charleston The answer is: yes! Translators are respon- church; I contacted a local historian who sible to a fixed text: a published book, for © Genevieve Hathaway © Genevieve found the answer (the bell was actually on example. Interpreters, for instance in a a nearby fire tower, and twenty dings meant courtroom or at the United Nations, are “Hurricane!”). That kind of thing happens all responsible to the people in the room; their The opera-goers of the time—the oddball research question. job is to help two parties communicate. I’m a Seattle know Jonathan little of Column A, a little of Column B. The IS IT TRUE THAT YOU STARTED words of the libretto are fixed, in fact they’re Dean from decades WORKING HERE RIGHT AFTER COLLEGE poetry (AKA “what gets lost in translation”), of lectures, articles, AND NEVER LEFT? but what’s important is that the people in the blogs, radio broadcasts, Yes, I came to intern for the summer Ring theater, singers and audience, communicate. in 1995 and have since held positions in post-show Talkbacks, both the Education Department [known YOU’VE BEEN CREATING LOTS OF and now podcasts. But today as Programs and Partnerships] and in PODCASTS RECENTLY. WHAT DO YOU Marketing. When Aidan arrived, he saw how I LIKE ABOUT IT? he has also translated straddle Marketing and Education—and work Social media was a game changer for us, in most of the English closely with both artistic and production terms of sharing Seattle Opera’s art with the teams—so he changed my title to Dramaturg. public and stirring up enthusiasm. But it’s so captions projected There aren’t a whole lot of us in the States. quick, and so visual! It’s not a great format for above our stage since representing opera’s depth and complexity. 1997, and is one of only HOW HAS CREATING CAPTIONS CHANGED Podcasts are. They’re invisible, and they take OVER THE YEARS? time. I like that podcasts can be relaxed and a few full-time opera At first, English captions were done with informal, and still serious. And exploding with Dramaturgs in the U.S. photographic slides. They were hugely great music. expensive to make; to recoup the cost you had to write a vague ‘One Size Fits All’ translation which would work for, say, every production of Tosca for the next five years. When I joined Seattle Opera, laptops were coming in, and PowerPoint. The technology enabled me to tailor each translation to the specific choices being made in the rehearsal room. Also, perhaps because of Twitter and text messaging, audiences today read much faster!

Carmen 31

Carmen_Program_042219-fixed.indd 31 4/26/19 11:11 AM SEATTLE OPERA STAFF AIDAN LANG, GENERAL DIRECTOR

Alejandra Valarino Boyer Kristina Murti Jane Repensek Director of Programs Director of Marketing and Chief Financial Officer/ and Partnerships Communications Chief Operations Officer Aren Der Hacopian Doug Provost Nancy Del Villar Vivé Director of Artistic Director of Production Director of Human Resources Administration and Planning Allison Rabbitt Director of Development

ADMINISTRATION Matt Lider Erika Norris Kate Hartman, Shellie Moomey, PROGRAMS AND Individual Giving Officer Web Producer Yoko Niendorf, Anji Wetherill Dominica Myers PARTNERSHIPS Stephanie Matsunaga Meg Stoltz Stitchers Associate Director of Rachelle Adams Administration Development Operations Digital Marketing Manager Cheyenne Smith Coordinator Craftsperson Operations Manager Cindy Zhang SALES AND SERVICES Tosha Mayo Carrie Steficek T.J. Callahan Administration & Board Michelle M. Carrasquillo Development Coordinator Wardrobe Head Community Programs Coordinator Relations Intern Associate Director of Marketing, Courtney Clark Erica McIntyre Sales and Services Christy Kazimour Development Operations Manager Assistant Wardrobe Head School Programs Manager Gregory Schell ARTISTIC Liz Frazer Mary Brazeau Catherine Merlo Ticket Operations Manager Scott Arend Sr. Individual Giving Officer Second Assistant Wardrobe Head Teen Vocal Studio Program Manager Artistic Administration Manager Kristin McCarthy Sara Litchfield Meggie Watson Kim Ositis Audience Services Manager Development Research and Youth & Family Programs Manager Associate Director of Artistic Corrie Yadon HAIR AND MAKEUP Database Manager Lokela Alexander Minami Planning Patron Experience Manager Liesl Alice Gatcheco Ahana Sen Community Engagement Manager Jonathan Dean Debra McKinney Hair and Makeup Manager Stewardship and Events Associate Britney Schroeder Dramaturg Group Sales Coordinator Ashlee Naegle David Silverstein Production Manager, Community Paula Podemski Katrina Deininger, Antonio Portela Wig Master Institutional Giving Associate Projects Company Manager Audience Services Leads Julia Wing-Krafft Stephanie Sintef Caroline Webb Vanda Braga, Erin Buck, Katrina Amy Jurkiewicz Wig Assistant Tour & Events Coordinator Stewardship and Events Manager Fasulo Klee, Alexander Hawker, Child Supervisor Eva Robins Christian Machio, Zeapoe Matalda, Ryan Bede, Julia Benzinger, Jennifer Lead Principal Hair and Emmy Ulmer Emma Wahl Bromagen, Becca Cantrell, Ben FINANCE Makeup Artist Titlist Audience Services Representatives Cleveland, John Coons, Katrina MUSIC Marissa Betz-Zall Calli Dey, Ashlee Naegle, Deininger, Serena Eduljee, Andrew Associate Director of Finance DIRECT SALES Trisha Partida, Shelby Rogers Etherington, Karen Early Evans, Jon John Keene Randee Byrd Ed Boyd Principal Makeup Artists Farmer, Alexander Gallo, Glenn Guhr, Head of Music Staff and Michael Heitmann, Li-Tan Hsu, Tim Payroll Manager Direct Sales Manager MJ Fjellestad, Jenn Hill, Fiona Krauss, Chorusmaster Janecke, Nerys Jones, Darrell Jordan, Victoria Campbell Megan Bailey Anne McGowan, Allegra Rege, Kelly Philip A. Kelsey Kay Yeh, Kelly Kitchens, Yeonji Accounts Payable/Receivable Direct Sales Assistant Schmidt, Julia Wing-Krafft, Terry Assistant Conductor Lee, Cheryse McLeod Lewis, John Associate Mary Hobbs Wright David McDade Marzano, Jessica Milanese, Ibidunni Lindsey O’Connor Senior Account Representative Hair and Makeup Artists Head of Coach-Accompanists Ojikutu, Dawn Padula, Melissa Senior Accountant Erin Hart, Virginia Jackson, Dorothea Josh Mina Plagemann, Allison Pohl, Marcus Jay Rozendaal Trevor Torres Kopta, Gail Sage, Albert Sanders, Hair and Makeup Assistant Shelton, Greg Smith, Meg Stohlmann, Coach-Accompanist/Orchestra Payroll Assistant Toni Zeigler STAGE CREW Revere Taylor, Shelly Traverse, Ta Wei Librarian Account Representatives Tsai, Annie Walters, Lucy Weber, Erin Charles T. Buck Emily Cabaniss FACILITIES White, Lyndee White Master Stage Carpenter Music Assistant/Company Librarian Todd Clark Teaching Artists Stephen Wall Facilities Manager PRODUCTION Jason Balter, Dallas Duell Russell Crosbie Assistant Master Stage Carpenters Chorus Personnel Coordinator Mark Nebel Principals, stage directors, choristers, Technical Director Justin Loyd Vicky Tran Facilities Assistant stage managers, assistant stage Head Flyman Music Intern INFORMATION SYSTEMS Alicia Moriarty managers, and assistant directors Assistant Production Director Chris Balducci, Jason Balter, Dallas employed in this production are Beth Kirchhoff Iain Quigley Duell, Adam Lantz, Matthew Lint, members of the American Guild of Chorusmaster Emeritus Desktop User Support Technician Tláloc López-Watermann Assistant Lighting Designer Robert Millard, Jason Wagoner Musical Artists AFL-CIO. STAGE MANAGEMENT Stuart McLeod Assistant Stage Carpenters The musicians are represented by Software Systems Administrator COSTUMES Yasmine Kiss Jim Nash the Seattle Symphony and Opera Susan I. Davis Production Stage Manager Master Electrician Players’ Organization, a Chapter of Costume Director Mike Janney, Madeline Levy MARKETING AND Martin Cunningham the International Guild of Symphony, Assistant Stage Managers Heidi Zamora Assistant Master Electrician Opera, and Ballet Musicians. COMMUNICATIONS Costume Show Manager/ Kiera Kreig Scenery construction and stage crew Brittany Rall Design Coordinator Molly Brindley, Chris Dimoff, work is performed by employees Production Assistant Associate Director of Marketing Jim Gable Ieva Ohaks Assistant Electricians represented by I.A.T.S.E., Local #15. Gabrielle Nomura Gainor Costume Rental-Stock Coordinator Costume and wardrobe work is Communications and Public Petrude W. Olds Jr. DEVELOPMENT Hannah Tyo performed by employees represented Engagement Manager Properties Master Hong Chhuor Costume Assistant by I.A.T.S.E., Local #887. Associate Director of Development Trevor Giove Sandy Burke Denise Barry Scenic artists and hair/makeup Graphic Designer Assistant Properties Master Chris Burkett Lead Cutter work is performed by employees Glenn Hare Ariana Donofrio Individual Giving Officer Miriam Goodman-Miller represented by I.A.T.S.E., Local #488. Senior Communications Manager Assistant Properties Julia Curns-Welch Crafts Supervisor Ed Hawkins Candy Solie Institutional Giving Officer Christina Hobbs, Shanna Sincell Marketing Manager/Copywriter Lightboard Operator Caitlyn Davis Cutters Stewardship and Events Associate Jack Burke Cynthia Abbott, Kim Dancy, Master Sound Technician/Designer Julia Trimarco First Hands

32 Seattle Opera 2018/19 Season SEATTLE ENC AD

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Learn more about the wild and wonderful world of opera with Seattle Opera Podcasts, a co-production with KING FM hosted by our resident dramaturg Jonathan Dean. Short, 15-minute introductions to every opera in our current and 2019/20 season are now available. Additional podcasts will be released by opening night which explore additional topics. Check iTunes or your favorite podcast provider and subscribe today!

CarmenCarmen 33 33

Carmen_Program_042219-fixed.indd 33 4/26/19 11:11 AM PROGRAMS AND PARTNERSHIPS SPONSORS

Your support fuels programs and community partnerships that enrich the lives of youth and adults across the Pacific Northwest!

Gifts toward Programs and Partnerships at Seattle Opera make it possible to connect with classrooms and communities all across Washington State, sharing opera with 70,000 people each year outside of our mainstage programming. We are grateful for the following donors who have made a commitment of $1,000 or more between July 1, 2017 and March 12, 2019.

* denotes Youth Program support † denotes In-School Program support ◊ denotes Chamber Opera support

$25,000 AND MORE Estate of Albert Babb Lisa Bury and John R. Taylor The Boeing Company * Gayle and Michael Charlesworth Classical KING FM 98.1 Clinton Diener and Diane Lasko Hearst Foundations * Russell Elliott OPERA America ◊ Fales Foundation Trust † Peach Foundation† Narcisa and Stefan Kaminski Seattle Opera Foundation *† Maritto Ko True-Brown Foundation Rebecca and Laird Malamed The Wallace Foundation ◊ D.V. and Ida J. McEachern Charitable Trust * $5,000–$24,999 Mr. and Mrs. Dean A. McManus Anonymous Ann H. Milam Anonymous, in honor of Adina Meyer Richard B. and Barbara B. Odlin Marshall and Jane Brown Foundation * Susan Buske Nancy Peacock Robert and Loretta Comfort Joanna Ryan and Rebecca Ross Costco Wholesale * SkyOpera at Skyline Susan MacGregor Coughlin and Trilogy Musical Notes Club John Lauber *◊ The late Muriel Eisen * ENDOWED FUND SUPPORT Envestnet | Tamarac * C. Keith Birkenfeld Memorial Trust The Foster Foundation † for Education The late Natalie Gendler The Clowes Fund In-School Education Margaret Haggerty Programs Endowment The Hot Chocolate Fund Carmen Elizabeth Delo Endowed Fund The Seattle Foundation: Poncho for Education Legacy Fund William Randolph Hearst Endowed Fund Seattle Opera Guild for Educational Outreach at Seattle Dr. Jay D. Sprenger with Stephen A. Opera Sprenger Perry Lorenzo Fund for In-School Union Bank † Education U.S. Bank Foundation * Dr. Stanley M. Pier Endowed Fund The Peg and Rick Young Foundation for In-School Education Cecilia Schultz Music Foundation Fund $1,000–$4,999 for Educational Scholarships Anonymous (2) * Gertrude E. Sprenger Education Mr. and Mrs. Willie C. Aikens Endowment Elena Aleksandrova-Perelman ArtsLEAF ArtsWA | Washington State Arts Commission ◊

34 Seattle Opera 2018/19 Season CINDERELLA GOES TO YAKIMA By Glenn Hare

“Our kids are amazingly excited to have the opera here.” —Deb Lavis, Principal, McClure Elementary School Photo © Glenn Hare © Glenn Photo

Set among displays of historic artifacts and can experience live music and acting in histories of Latinx communities surrounding it. photographs in the Yakima Valley Museum, Spanish, the language spoken in their Cinderella en España was also performed at first- and second-graders watch as Cinderella homes,” says Melissa Singletary, a teacher two local elementary schools. “Our kids are caters to the demands of her self-centered at John Campbell Primary School, who amazingly excited to have the opera here,” stepsisters and scheming stepmother. “Y la explained that the performance was a first says Deb Lavis, the principal at McClure comida, tengo hambra. We’re so hungry,” sing for many of her students. Elementary School, where more than 550 the sisters. students saw the show. Sitting with their legs Recent census data show that more than crossed, the students were enchanted as the 40 percent of households in Yakima County The 220 children along with their teachers stepsisters tried on the crystal slipper. And speak a language other than English, and and chaperones ventured to the museum to students really laughed as Prince Paulo and that nearly half of the residents are of Latinx see Cinderella en España, a dual-language Cinderella danced “the Floss” after the shoe origin. So the need for multi-language opera that retells the classic fairy tale. was placed on Cinderella’s foot. Set in the culturally vibrant coastal city of experiences is important to members of Barcelona, the production provided a lively, the community. The spring tour continued to Wenatchee, Quincy, Cashmere, and Chelan. Other modern-day take on this deceptively simple performances took place in Seattle, story about the beauty of kindness and the “The bilingual opera fits the rapidly changing Shoreline, Graham, and Bellevue. ugliness of mistreating others. community profile,” says Peter Arnold, the museum’s Executive Director. “We have a The kid-friendly production will return This wasn’t Seattle Opera’s first time large Hispanic population and this particular this summer with performances at the going to Yakima County. The Programs opera is geared to a very important grade Opera Center on Sunday, June 23 and and Partnerships Department showcased level for us. Having this performance helps us Saturday, June 29. Cinderella en España during its 2017 tour. achieve an important objective—presenting Your investment in Seattle Opera helps more programming that’s relevant to our As the students laughed at the antics of the spread opera experiences across our state Spanish-speaking communities.” stepsisters, prince, and fairy godmother, and increase our engagement with students many of them were experiencing a live In addition to the opera, the museum is of all ages. Thank you for supporting performance presented in Spanish for the installing more dual-language signage and Cinderella en España and other Programs first time. “It’s wonderful that our students planning exhibits that showcase the lives and and Partnerships initiatives.

Carmen 35

Carmen_Program_042219-fixed.indd 35 4/26/19 11:11 AM SEATTLE OPERA INDIVIDUAL DONORS Seattle Opera is incredibly grateful for your donor support—as an investor in our season of programs, you make our community a better place to live, work, learn, and enjoy. Thank you!

The list below reflects Annual Fund donors at the Amethyst level and higher ($500 and more) beginning July 1, 2017 through March 12, 2019.

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Crichton • Leonora Cross • James Crouse Anne Ball • William and Madeleine Ball • Bill Ballard Costello • Estate of I. Sharon Bunnell ^ • The late I. and Lee Oatey-Crouse • George and Susan Crow • • James A. Banks and Cherry A. Banks • Mary Sharon Bunnell H • Gloria Burch • Dr. Boyce Burdick • Tavia Crowder ^ • John Crowe • Rachel Crum • Greg Barbieri • The late Ronald L. Barclay ^ • Tom Bard • R K Burk and Meg Murch • Pamela L Burke • John and Regina Crumbaker • The late Norma Cugini • Martha K. Bargren • Kirk Barker • Mr. Nicholas Barker Burkhardt and JW Harrington • Rosemary P. Agata R. Culic H • Gavin Cullen and David Jamieson • and the late Mr. Ivan Barker • Randy and Van Barker Burkhart • Kent R. Burnham H • Greg Burns • William James and Wendy Cullen ^ • Robert Cumbow • • Fred and Gwyn Barkman • Joshua and Megan B. and Ann S. Burstiner † ^ ³ • Jennifer Burtner • Stephen L. and Joan Cunha • Sharon and the late Barnard • Dr. Aaron Barnes • Leonie Barnes • Robin Melanie A. Burton • Lisa Bury and John R. Taylor † ^ • Jeffrey Cunningham H • Rachel Curry • John Cusick Barnes • Dr. Sanford C. Barnes • Redmond J. and Susan Buske † ³ l • Dr. James Buskirk • Cy and and Christi McGinley • Richard Cuthbert and Cheryl Suzanne Wilson Barnett • Michael Barras • Peter Kathleen Butler • John Butler • Nicole Buttermore • Redd-Cuthbert • William and Helen Dahlberg • Bill and Jane Barrett • Peter Barrett • Tim and Tony Tom Byers and Carol Lewis • Christina Byrne • and Diana Dameron • Laurie and William Daniel ^ • Barrick • Jillian Barron and Jonas Simonis • Diann Richard Cahall • Pamela Cain • Adam Calabrese • Charles Dannaker • Steven Danzig • Bob and Wendy Barry • Mike Barta • Kathryn Bartholomew • Dianne Calkins ³ • Jake Call H • T.J. Callahan † • Darby • Corey Darlington • David Darrow • Marc and Benjamin Bastian • Gustavo Basualdo and Agustina Sherrie Caltagirone • April Cameron • Carol Maud Daudon • Dana Davenport • Lynn David-Smith Eiff • Evelyn and Richard Bateman • John Bates and Campbell • Corinne A. Campbell ^ • Irene Campbell • • SOAR Parents Advisory Council † • Mr. Addy Davis • Carolyn Corvi • Ralph and Catherine Bauman • Tony Tom Campbell • Joe and Dorothy Canavan • Ruth The late Jane and David R. Davis • Frederick B. Davis R. Bautista and Daniel Hirschstein • Douglas and Cannon • Jeanne and Jon Cantalini • Phil Capp • and Ms. Harriet Platts • Dr. Henry Davis and Ms. Maria Bayer † • Douglas Bayley • Brent Beabout • Barbara A. Capron and David A. Holm • Kati Cardea • Barbara Williams • Kathleen K. Davis • Rebecca Lynly Beard ³ • Ward Beattie • Barbara Beatty • Dr. Diana K. Carey • Alan Carey • Cynthia Carlson • Davis • Barry Davison • Alfredo de Almeida • Barbara Ronald J. and Ruth Beck • Barbara G. Bedell • Paula Eugene Carlson • Jean Carlson and Sara Levant • de Normandie • Angela de Oliveira • Remy De Begoun • Yelena Begun • Cheryle Beighle and Karen Carlson-Iffert and Jena Marie Myers • Beth Weduwe and Pooja Kailay • Thomas DeBoer and Stephen Schroeder • Sheryl and Ross Beirne H • Carlyle-Askew • John Carmichael and Michael Durga Doriasamy • Paula Rimmer ^ • Mr. and Mrs. Ekaterina Belkina • Mauricio Bendana • Charles and Partlow • Jeff Carnevali • Alaina Carr • Michelle Jeffrey S. Degen † • Diane DeGraff • James deHaas • Marie Bender • Mr. Arnold and Mrs. Judith Bendich • Carrasquillo • Betty R. Carter ^ • Eric Carter • Lief H. Dr. and Mrs. Cor deHart • James and Nancy Vive • Dr. Diana N. Bennett • Dr. and Mrs. Forrest C. Bennett • Carter • Jack T. Cashdollar • Barbara Cassedy and Gregory J. del Zoppo • Ann De Lancey • John Delo Alan and Sherry Bennett • Nan and Karen Bentley • Laura Friend • Jonathan Caves and Patricia and Elizabeth Stokes ^ ³ • Dr. I.M. Del Toro and Ms.

36 Seattle Opera 2018/19 Season L.R. Lowery • Peter DeLuca • Wendy H. del Valle • • Adam and Emily Fountain • Dean and Mary Hartley ^ ³ • Dr. H. Hasche-Kluender and H. Shahri • Michael and Natalie de Maar • John J. Demakas • Fournier • Gregory and Kathleen Fowler l • Linda Dr. and Mrs. Fred I. Hasegawa • Dr. Geraldine A Peter and Diane Demopulos • Jan Demorest and and Brad Fowler • Neal Fowler • Jim Fox • Leslie P. Hashisaki † • Kenneth and Susan Hassenmiller • Steve Moore • James Dempster • Stuart and Joanne Fox, M.D. • Judy Frame • Steve and Kay Frank • Cathi and the late Ken Hatch • Carolyn Hathaway • Depina • Tatiana Deriugin • Geoffrey Deschenes and Ernest and Elizabeth Scott Frankenberg ^ • The late Gerald K. Hauge • Nels & Dannielle Haugen H • Meredith Broderick • Mary Desjardins • Dr. Diane Jean Frankland ^ • Ludmeela M. Fraser • The late Lunell Haught and Robert Pyle • Kristine Haugseth • DeWitt and Mr. Curtis Thompson ³ • Suzanne Arlene Frederickson • Celia and Toby Freeman • Candy Havens • Eric Hawley and Gwen Lowery • DeWitt and Ari Steinberg • Bill DeYoung H • Charles Alan and Linda Freyd • Jim Fridley and Elaine Scott • Catherine Hayes • Janice Hayes H • Trafton Haynes • Di Sabatino and Nancy Olson • David and Helén Betty L. Friedman • Robert Fries and Debra Dahlen • Bob Hays • Emerson Heald • Ken Walkky and Julia Dichek † • Mary Dickinson • Tom and Diane Dickinson Alan Froelich • Donald and Ann Frothingham • Hecht • Mr. and Mrs. Jahn R. Hedberg • Maynard and • Paula Diehr and Frank Hughes • Clint Diener and Shannon Fry • Diana Fu • Albert and Susan Fuchs † • Lise Hedegaard • Mr. and Mrs. Richard C. Hedreen • Diane Lasko † • Blair and Laura Dillaway • George Mr. Bryant Fujimoto • Stefan Fulger • Carole Fuller Dr. and Mrs. Frederick Hegge • Sue Hegyvary • Ann and the late Susan Dimitroff • Kyl Dinsio • Alejandro and Evan Schwab ^ • Dot Fuller • Dr. and Mrs. Heideman • Susan Hellwich H • Charlie and Janice Di-Tolla • Corinne Dixon • Iain Dixon • Diane Howard L. Fultz • Thomas Funk • Estate of Lena Helming • Joanne Barbara Hendrickson • Terrill and Dixon-Payne and Daniel L. Payne • Johanna and Bill Furgeri ^ • Sonia Gabrielson • Joseph and Terri Jennifer Hendrickson • C. Terry Hendrix • David and Dock H • Virginia Dombrowski • Jeffrey Donchez • Gaffney • Cheryl Gagne • Don Gagne • Gretchen and Diane Henry • Don and Carol Henry H • Roger Deborah Donnell • Nicholas Dorman and Allison Charles Gale • Diana Gale and Jerry Hillis ^ • Bruce Hensley • Nori and Valton Herman • Hans and Heidi Rabbitt ^ • Zander and Hilary Doroski • Barry Galloway • Dr. Denise A. Galloway • Joseph Garbini Herrmann • Eileen Hershberg • Fred Herzberg and Dorrans • Douglas and Robin Doucette • Dan and and Jamie Leschen • Bernard Garbusjuk • Bruce Jeanne Large • Peter D. Hiatt • Drs. Raquel and Angela Dougherty • Tom Douglas • Dan and Gardner • Joyce Ferm ³ • Kent Lowry and Melinda Russell Hicks • Carla Higginson • Andrew & Delney Elizabeth Douglass • Lorraine J. and Ferris L. Gause • Justin Geib • Ms. Patricia Gelles • Richard Hilen • B. Lane Hill • Phil Hillstrom • John Hilton • Dracobly • Tim Dreyling • Steve and Sandy Driscoll • and Mary Beth Gemperle ^ ³ • The late Natalie Bernard Evans and the late Martha Himber • Ann Fred and Adele Drummond ^ • Michael G. Dryfoos Gendler † ^ ³ • Janet A. George • Ruth Gerberding • and Glen Hiner • Terry and Jane Hipolito H • Mr. and and Ilga Jansons ^ • Bill Dubay • Patricia Dubrow † ^ Genevra Gerhart • Marilyn Germano • Matt Geyman • Mrs. Don Hirst • Emily A. Hitchens • Suzanne ³ • Drs. Rebecca Dunsmoor-Su and Leonard Su • Dennis Gibb • Dr. and Mrs. Robert Gibbons ^ • Jan Hittman • Michael and Jana Hobbs • Sylvia Hobbs ^ • Kenneth Duncan and Tanya Parish • Lois Gamble Frederick and Warren Gibbs • Leslie Giblett ^ • Mary Adrian and Jane Hobden • Rod and Nancy Hochman Duncan and George Rolfe • Sandra B. Dunn • Maria Jane Gibson • Dr. Scot N. Gibson • Glenn and Marcy • Alan and Judy Hodson • Drs. Mary and Marvin M. Durham • George and Susan Durrie • Robert Gidlof H • Mike Gigante • Dr. Charles Simrell and Hoffert • Patricia Hofmann and Michael O’Brien • Dutton • Sam and Mona Dworkin • Vasiliki Dwyer • Deborah Giles • Sharon Gill • Kern and Kathleen Anonymous • H. Lee Holcomb • Dr. Cynthia C. H Glenn and Bertha Eades • Christopher and Carolyn Gillette • Rebecca C. Gillette ^ • J. Lorne Ginther • Holdren and Mr. Robert A. Gold • Thomas Holford • Eagan † • Erin Earl • Carol Eastman • KarenLee Eaton Dirk Giseburt and Marilyn Stall • Steven Given and Frank and Katie Holland ^ • Norm Hollingshead’s • Shelby Eaton • Mr. and Mrs. Curt Ebbesmeyer • Gloria Reeg • Scottland Glenn • Claudette Glubka • Opera Plus • Jana C. Hollingsworth H ³ • Dr. Kennan Rebecca Ebsworth • Jeff Eby and Zart Dombourian- Dianne E. Goddard and Dennis Edmonds • Gunnar Hollingsworth ^ • Nathaniel Hollywood • Peggy Eby • Scott Eby H • Lewis and Susan Edelheit • Goerlitz • Ben Goetter and Kathryn Hinsch • Denise Holman • J. Marilyn Holstad ^ • Alan and Jo Anne Denise Eggers • Richard L. Egilsrud • Mitra Ehsan Goforth • Gregg H.S. Golden H • Phyllis Golden • Holt • John Holt • Lisa Hong • Dr. and Mrs. William B. and Harold Prow • Duane and Laura Eichelberger • Adam Goldin • Peggy Goldman • Dr. Jeffrey Norman Hood, Jr. • Marilyn and Myron Sizer • Sue Hoover • Richard D. Eidal • Ian and Maria Einman • The late Golub • Merrie Good • Roger and Kristine Goodan • William Hoppin ^ • Deborah J. Horne H • Jim Horne • Muriel Eisen † ^ • Donald and Paula Eismann • Dr. John Goodfellow • Robert Goodman • Paul Goodrich Michelle Horton • Rick and Carole Horwitz • Gerald Sadek El-Alfy • Jacquelyn Elder • Russell Elliott † H • and Shannon Sperry • Alice Goodwin • Claire and and Gladys Hoshijo • Ron Hosogi and Marla Beck • Cynthia Ellis • William and Erin Ellis • K. Carole and Michael Gordon ^ • Ms. Jo Goubeaux • Glen Gould Hideatsu Hosokai • Gary and Parul Houlahan • Mr. the late William Ellison • Harold Ellner • Lise Ellner • and Bunny Laden ^ • Kristopher K. Gould • Allen and and Mrs. Robert L. Houston III • C. Henry Howard • Michael Emanuel • Linda and Ashley Emery • Laura Carol Gown • Janet Graeber ³ • Gene O. Graham • Donald and Ioulia Howard • Patrick Howe • A. S. and Robert Emmerichs • Patricia Emmons & Shmuel Daniel and Carol Graney • Brian and Lynn Grant • Howell • Adrienne Howell • Lembhard G. Howell • Elad † • Christopher Endres • Dr. and Mrs. Milton T. Renate and Patrick Grant • Steven Graunke • Dr. and Robert Howell and Jackie Bardsley • Eirikur English • John Ensley • John Erickson • Kristina M. Mrs. J. Thomas Grayston • The Greco Family • Noah Hrafnsson • Michael R. Huber and Danielle E. LaVilla Erickson • Krista Erickson H • Marc D. and Maria and Monica Greenberg • Gare Greene • Dr. Martin L. ^ • Dr. Gary and Janice Hudak • Eoin M. Hudson H • Erlitz • Andrew Eschbacher • William S. Etnyre ^ ³ • Greene and Kathleen Wright • James Greenfield and Mr. and Mrs. Raymond Huggins • Pamela Hughes Ellen L. Evans • Marian Evans H • K. Gentry & M. Susan Barley • Claudia Greenwald • Drs. Verena and and Robert Munoz • Ron J. Hull • Connie and Dan Evans H • Donald Fabian • Harlan Falkin • Lucy Falla Basil Grieco • Kim Grieff • Scott Griffin • Darcy Hungate • Stan Hungerford • Janet and Steve • Jean Burch Falls • Lorri Falterman and Stephen Roennfeldt • Margaret Griffiths H • Brian Grimes • Hunter • Robert and Kimberly Hunter • Barbara Strong • Ferric and Victoria Fang • Dr. Kathryn Sandy Grimm • Lyn and Jerry Grinstein • Matthew Husseini • Bruce and Judy Hutchison • Michael and Fantasia and Mr. Zane Weaver • Ms. Gerry Fardal • Griscom • Patricia Grogan • Karlie and Christopher Zhenya Hyman • Donald Immerwahr • John and Jeremiah Farias H • Tyler Farmer • Karen and Gross • Tom Grossi • The late Dr. and Mrs. Arthur S. Annick Impert • Eveline Ip • Ms. Roslyn Isseroff and Elizabeth Faye • Barbara Feasey and Bill Bryant • Grossman • Carol Grossmeyer • Marcia Gudger • Mr. Arthur Huntley • Victoria Ivarsson • Ryan Elizabeth and Timothy Feetham • Judith Z. Feigin ³ and Colin Faulkner • Victor and Patricia Feltin • Sheila and Paul Gutowski • Reed and Wynne Guy • Iwamoto • Claire Jackson • Darrell and the late Glauco Ferrari • Carole Ferraud • Janis Fesenmaier • Laura Haas • Richard H. Haase • Dave and Cheryl Ruth Jackson • Douglas Jackson • Duke and Brenda Mr. and Mrs. Ronald Fickes • Dr. Raya Fidel • Dr. and Hadley • Richard and Diane Haelsig • Kristi Hafner • Jackson • Laura and Bernard Jacobson • Sara Mrs. Ira Fielding • Marta Fields • Edgar Figueredo • Margaret Haggerty † • Brian Hahn and Mary Klubben Metzenberg • Jane and Rose James • Linda L. James H Vitaly Filimonov • Meredith Fine • Charles and Rose • Cheryl Hahn • Kristina Haight • Lia and Benjamin • Ms. Anne Janes-Waller and Mr. Fletch Waller • Dr. Ann Finkel • Dr. Joan Fiore • Jack and Marsha Halasz • Mary Hale • Mr. and Mrs. W.D. Pete Hale • Robert Janes and Jonna Kaplan • Didi and Johann Firestone ^ • Paul Fischbach • Kathleen Fischer and Catherine Haley • Mr. and Mrs. David Haley • Katryn Jansen • Paul and Susan Jason • Jeri Jay-Kelley • Thomas Hart • Robert Fisher • Jodi Fletcher • Mr. and Haley • Paul and Becky Haley • Richard M. Halffman Renan Jeffereis and Gail Kaminishi • Robert C. Mrs. David Fliegel • Catherine Floberg • CW3 Callum • Jean R. Hall ³ • Trevor Hall • Tania Halladay • Dr. M. Jenkins ^ • Greg Jensenworth • Sandra Jerke • J. Flynn • Joseph Flynn • Peggy O’Brien Fogliano • Elizabeth Halloran ³ • Gail A. Halpern • Roger, Mary, Warren and Mary Jane Jessop • Bruce E.H. Johnson Gerald B. Folland • Jeffrey Fong • Dr. and Mrs. Willis and Barbara Hames • John and Donna Hamilton • and Sandra E. Davis • Clarence and Rosa Johnson • M. Fong • Steve and Susan Ford • Stockton and Rebecca Hamlin • Deborah Hammond • Albert Dave and Stephanie Twigg • Douglas and Robin Janice Forrest ^ • Christian and Tana Fortini • Carol Hamner • Dr. and Mrs. Charles B. Hamon • Lenore Johnson • Anonymous ^ • Helen Johnson • Lyndal and Philip Fortuna • Philippe Foss and Carol Michael Hanauer • Steven T. Haney • Linda Hanika • Jeffrey Johnson • Mark J. Johnson • Marshall and Kelly and Rosario Hanna ^ • Christine R. Hansen and Peter Johnson • Allan and Miriam Johnston • Cassandra T. Hurd ^ • Knud Hansen • Wolfram and Linda Hansis and Tom Johnston • James L. Johnston and Vivian • Hylton and Lawrence Hard • Ramy Hardwick • Mendenhall • John and Pamela Jolley • Elizabeth † = Education & Community Engagement Donor David and Carole Hardy H • Catherine and Samuel Jones • Gary and Susan Jones • Harvey Jones and H = Opera Star Monthly Donor Hardy • Benson and the late Pamela Harer • William Nancy Iannucci • Jeaneen C. Jones • Ken and Karen ^ = Encore Society Member Harleston and Coral Hanevold • Gini Harmon ^ • In Jones • Sandra Jones • Andrea Jones • Paul D. Joppa l= SOWING Circle Member honor of Adina Meyer † • Gretchen Harrell • Andrew and Marguerite McCarty • Sharon Jordan • Ron ³= Wagner and More Member Harrison • Robin Harrover † • Bryan Hart • Jenny Joshua • Paul and Pat Kaald • Chris Kalinski ³ •

Carmen 37 SEATTLE OPERA INDIVIDUAL DONORS

Suzanne and Steve Kalish • Narcisa and Stefan Rosemary and David Lukens • Heidemarie Lundblad Molloy • Joseph and Danielle Monaghan • Roy Kaminski • Jeanne Kanach • Gilla Kaplan • H. David • Laura Lundgren • Mark P. Lutz • Jim Lyle • Sarah Monica • Douglas Montague • David Monteith • Sue Kaplan † ^ • Michael and Nancy Kappelman • Lyngra • Susan MacGregor Coughlin and John Montgomery • Jean Moon • Kristine Moore H • Dr. Nathalie Karpinsky • In memory of Karyl Winn ^ • Lauber † • Susan Machler • Ellen Mack and Edward and Mrs. Dudley T. Moorhead • Coe Tug Morgan • Sherry and David Kaufman † • Donna Gabriel Gomez • Robert Mack • Robert Mack • Mary Claire Tuohy-Morgan H • Linda and Michael Morgan Kaufman • Mrs. Janet D. Kavadas • T Jeffrey Keane MacKenzie and Wes Ono • Duncan Maclean • James • Joyce and Thomas Morgan • Joan Moritz • Karoline and Martha J Noerr • Marlyn and Gordon Keating • Maconachy • Claire Madsen • Barbara Maduell • Morrison • D.C. Morse Jr. and Jan Marchbanks • Travis and Suzanne Keeler • Margaret Keenan • John Edith J Maffeo • Patricia A. Magnuson • Jon Charles Morton • Susan and Furman Moseley • and Eleanor Kelley • Lucinda Kelly • Peter Kelly • Ira Magnussen • Peggy and David Mainer • Rebecca and Elizabeth and Allen Moses • Meg and David Kemelmacher and Eli Shlizerman • Joachim Kempin Laird Malamed † • Christopher Maley • Beth Malone Mourning • Hal Mueller • Kent Mueller • Peter O. • Benjamin Kendall H • Kathryn Kennedy • Daniel • Brian Malone • Catherine Banchero and Stephen K. Mueller • Ernesto Munoz • Marisa Munoz • Michael Kerlee and Carol Wollenberg • Larry Kessler and Malshuk • Dr. and Mrs. Theodore Mandelkorn • Jana Murphree • Andrew Murphy and Michelle Duffy • Bonnie Berk • Keith Keyt • Dong Kim and Rebecca Mandic • Karen Maneman • Ann Manly • Linda Mann Brendan Murphy • David Murphy • Don and Lynn Banset • Ed Kim • Kristen Kimball • Sally Kincaid • and Andrew Layman • Jean Manwaring • Dr. James Murphy • Dr. Janet Murphy • Patricia Murphy • Beth Kinch • Nancy J. King • Virginia King • Yvonne E. Marcia • Dr. and Mrs. Edgar K. Marcuse • Benson Sharon Murphy • James W. and Pamela Murray • King-Kee • Dan and Pat Kinney • Joyce and Roger Margulies • Paul and Yaffa Maritz • Brian Marks and Mike and Kathy Murray • Sandeep and Kristina Murti Kirk • Dina Kisseleva • Leslie and Denise Klaff • Carol Maione • Casey Marks • E. Ann and Richard E. • Christopher L. Myers and Judith Schoenecker ^ • Beverly R. Klein H • Frederick Klein • Michael Klein Marks • Helen and the late David Marriott • Tom Martha and Gerald Myers • Suzanne Myklebust • and Catherine Melfi • W. M. Kleinenbroich • The late Marsh • Paul Marten • William Martens • Dale and Beth Naczkowski • George and Ellen Naden • Eunice Margaret Dean Kleyn • Craig Klinkam • Carol Knaup • Shirley Martin • Diane P. Martin • Fowler Martin and Nakao and Roy Tribelhorn ^ ³ • John C. Narver • Roger Knopf • Mrs. Robert Knopp • Mitchell Knox • Barbara Warren • Paul and Mary Jo Martin • Susan Linda and J. Patrick Naughton • Andrew Naugle and David Knutson • Maritta Ko † • Albert and Elizabeth and Michael Martin • Jim Martinek • Joe Martinez • Corley Hughes • Sarah Navarre ^ • Jennifer Nazarko • Kobayashi • Richard Koch • Tom and Linda Koch • Steve and Estela Martinez • Margaret Martini • Donald Near • Diana Neely • John and Lee Neff † • Christopher Kodama • Catherine Koehler and Paul William B. Maschmeier and Patricia Haggerty ^ • Eric and Mary Nelson • John and Jane Nelson • Below • Robert H. Koehler • Carl and Shirley Koenen Susan Mason and Richard Roth • William H. and Sharon L. Nelson • John W. Nemanich, M.D. and • Timothy Konich H ³ • Barbara Konkle and Peter Susan E. Mason • Dr. Patrick Mathiasen and Jenner Ellendee Pepper, M.D. • Angelina Neo • Erika Kollros • Karen Koon • Dorothea R. Kopta • Ryan Roth-Mathiasen • Peter A. Mathisen • Bruce Crowley Nesholm • John F. and Laurel Nesholm ^ • Kirsten Kosai • Katherine Koschwanez • Laura and Scott and Brenda Matter • Penelope Matthews • David Nesholm • Kate Ness • Bill and Sally Neukom • Susan Kosinski • George Kraft • John Krah • Allison Kramer Mattson ^ • Barbara J. Mauer • Denise Mauldin • In and Gary Neumann • Terry Newcomb • Marilyn W. • Dan and Sandy Kraus • Brian and Peggy Kreger • memory of Sue M. Maule • Lucille May H • Lori Mayo Newland • Thu-An Nguyen-Lai • Lila Nielsen • Susan Alyssa Kreider • Dr. and the late Mrs. Robert Kremers • Michael and Rosemary Mayo • Louise McAllister • H. Nivert • Barbara and David Nordfors • Kevin • Kathy Kreps • Alan R. Kristal and Jason Lamb • Steven McAtee • Kathryn McAuley • Dorothy E. Norman • Dariel and Gary Norris • Lucy Norris • Lois George S. Kriz • Mrs. Jean and the late Dr. Paul F. McBride • Judy McBroom • Marcella McCaffray • H. North • Craig Norton and John French • Worth Krynicki • Marty Kuhl • May Kulthol • Georgia Kurtz † Donna McCampbell • D. P. M. McCann • Pat Norton • Lev and Isabella Novik • Ralph and Wanda • Peter A. Kuster and Karen Aileen Mackie • Diana McCarthy • Terry McCarthy • K. Ann McCartney • Nuxoll ^ • Diana C. and Angela C. Oberti • John and and Les Kutas • The Kuzeja Family • Frances J. Steven McCarty • Bruce R. McCaw Family Joyce O’Connell • Vivian Oehler • Pamela A. Okano ^ Kwapil ^ • Leslie Kyger • Sandra Labadie ^ • Jon and Foundation • Geoff Corso and Marshall McClintock • • Joshua Olsen • Catherine Stanford • Betty Olson • Eva LaFollette • Dr. Lynn Lagerquist • Firoz and Peter McClung • David McClure ^ • Mary H. Dr. and Mrs. Bruce A. Olson • Mark and Leslie Olson • Najma Lalji • Pamela and Priscilla Lam • Dr. Brian A. McConnell • Sarah McCoy and Jim Buchanan H ^ • Candy and Bob O’Malley • Martha Oman • John W. LaMacchia • Wendy Lambeth • Gavin Lambie • Eric Michele McCrackin • K McCrady • Diane McDade • O’Meara • Theresa O’Neil • Patrice O’Neill • Paul and Janice Lamers ^ • Christy Lancaster • Aidan Lang Lillian C. McDermott • Dr. John and Susie McFatridge Onnen • Andrea Ordean • Gordon H. Orians • Lourdes and Linda Kitchen • Jane S. Langer • Jay and Linda • Lesley McGalliard and Rich Layman • Danny Orive • Arturo Ortiz • Elisabet Orville • Joan Lapin • Don and Kristi Larson • Ritchie Larson and McGinnis • Mr. and Mrs. James P. McGough • George Ostendorff • Nancy Ostrom • Ida Ott • Simon Elizabeth Swisher • Kristen and Earl Lasher • Melissa and Sharon Bertsch • A. Wayne McGuire • James Ottenberg and Carol Barnard • Christoph Otto • Lattimore • Barbara Laughlin • Lucy Lauterbach • McIntire and Christina Koons • Robert M. McIntosh • Estate of Helen A. Overton ^ • Bernard Pack and Joan Lawler • Frank Lawley • David and Carla Ernie and Melissa McIntyre • Ellen and Paul Russ Welti • The Packia Raj and Yoo Family • Nils Lawrence • Gordon D. Lazerte • M. Adler and M. McKaskle • Dr. William McKee • Therissa McKelvey Paellmann • Jacob Page • Margaret and John C. Lebas • Paula and Chris Ledell • David Lee • and Heli Roiha • Kerry McMahon • Mr. and Mrs. Dean Pageler • George and Terry Pagos • Allan Panitch • Elizabeth Lee and the late Henry Mills • Jennifer M. A. McManus † • Karen and Rick McMichael ³ • Anthony Papini • David Parent • Anthony Park • Lee • Jeanne Marie and the late Rhoady Lee • Winnie Kathleen McNeill • Gaye McNutt and Benjamin Hosan Park † • Soo Park and Jeff Rosenfeld ³ • and Ven T. Lee • Paul and Liz Leiba • Margaret Smith • Eric and Marina McVittie • Renate McVittie • David F. Parker • Jon Parker • Teresa Parker • Richard Leiberton and Dr. R. Venkatesan • Dr. Barbara Leigh • Kelly A. Meagher • William Means • Deanne Meek • and the late Sally Parks • Maryann Parris • Edward Alice Leiner • Nancy K. Lennstrom • Rosemary Anne Meeker • Gunda and Uwe Meissner • John and Pasanen • Elizabeth Paschke • Suzanne Patneaude • Leong-Miller ^ • Logan LePage • Marjorie J. Levar ^ • Martha Melcher • Greg Meldahl ^ ³ • Aimee Mell & Mary and D. Pat Patterson • Sandra Patterson • Ross Leventhal • Geo and Carol Levin • Mrs. Norman Dr. Jawad Salimi H • Klaus Mergener and Sabine Clement and Stephanie Paulson • PD Pavia † ³ • Levin • Tara Levin-Delson and Estelle Delson • Mark Endrigkeit • Vera Metz • Julia Metzner • Jerry Meyer Mary Ruth Payne † • Susan and Leona Pazina • and Vanessa Levine • Mr. & Mrs. Alan Levy • Andrea and Nina Zingale • James and Karen Mhyre • Zemin Nancy Peacock † • Dr. Robert A. Pearlman • Kathryn C. Lewis • Brian Lewis • Carla and Don Lewis • Jerry Mi • Drs. Ernest and Erika Michael • Kim Mihyung • Pearson • Janice Pecoraro • Cynthia Pedroso H • and Marguerite Lewis • Stefan Lewis • Henry Li • Ann H. Milam † ^ ³ • Marilyn Milberger • Dolly and Sheila and Eric Pelz • Martha Pendergast • Les and Victor Li • Shoubee Liaw • Chelsea Lientz • Gerald Dave Milkowski • Abraham Miller • Barbara and Jim Robbi Pennington • Tomas Perez • Ruth and Peyton Lim and Bruce Gross • Shutze Lin • Lind Family Miller • Bruce and Elizabeth Miller † • Cathy Miller • Perkins H • Christopher and Nancy Perks • Meredith Foundation Fund • Don Linde • Stanton J. and Lucille Donald and Linda Miller • Janet Miller • Julie Perlman • Drs. Lester and Keiko Permut • Dr. Mary Linden • Craig and Anne Lindsay • Lex Lindsey and Anderson Miller • Robert and Jean Miller • Ronald E. Lee Peters • Barbara B. Peterson • Dave Baugh and Lynn Manley • Geraldine Lindsey and Don Froomer ^ Miller and Murl G. Barker • Stafford and Louise Kay Peterson • Shane and Janet Peterson • Claudia • Anamaria Lloyd • W. Mark and Jeri Lloyd • Nancy Miller ³ • James Mills • Richard Mills and Karen and Ingvar Petursson • Stephen and Allison Phayre • Locke • Loeb Family Foundation † • Kathleen Covington ³ • Juris Mindenbergs • Dennis and Steven C. Phelps ^ • Gwen and Phil Phibbs • Alice Lofstedt and Susan Lofstedt • Micheal Lofstedt • Deborah Minium • Randa Minkarah and Scott and David Phillips • Mr. Don and Ms. Sue Phillips • Keith and Barbara Logan • Marianne and Jim Mullins ^ • Connie Missimer Carlson • Karen Rose Jocelyn Phillips and Warren Bakken ³ • Peggy LoGerfo † • Thomas Edwin Long • Joseph Lott • Mitchell • Paul and the late Patricia Mitchell • Ali Phillips • Dr. Zaiga Alksne Phillips H • Mr. Chakorn Steve and Maurie Louis • Al and Margaret Lowe • Modarres • Alex Modelski • Frederick Mohr • Egon Phisuthikul and Mrs. Marilyn Heinemann • Raimund Kerry Lowery • Mr. Everil Loyd, Jr. ^ • Nancy Lucht • and the late Laina Molbak • Jens Molbak • Loulie Pichler • Richard Pichler and Bonnie Main • Kathleen

38 Seattle Opera 2018/19 Season Pierce • Sean Pierce • Julie C. Pifer • Mary Pigott • Kenneth J. Russell • Mai Russell and Chris Krejci • the late Arthur Hurd • John Starbard ^ • Carlyn Ron Pilcher • Greg Pindras and Rene Yoakum • Marguerite Russell † • Richard Russell • The late Kaiser Stark • Gene and Jean Stark • Mary and Renee Pitra • Martha and Tom Piwonka • Karen M. Nancy and the late Richard Rust • Robert Rust • Kelli Gordon Starkebaum • Christoph and Ellen Stauder • Place • Brian Placzek • Dieter N. and Laurie Plapp • Rutherford • Alley Rutzel • Joanna Ryan and Peggy Stearns • Alan and Bonnie Steele • Anne Charles and Lena Plunkett • Cristina Podlusky • Rebecca Ross † • Beata Rycharski • June Ryder and Steele • Drew Steen • Dr. Mark and Judith Stein • Donald Pogoloff • Vicki L. Pogorelc • Lizabeth A. Michael Church • Richard Rynes • Jesse S. H • Paul Carolann and Gary Steinhoff • Chuck Stempler and Wilson and the late Dean A. Pollack • Sylvia B. Sack • Tim Saito • Dr. Lupe Salazar and Barry Bolding Sally McKenzie • John, Eva and Agafia Stephanus • Pollack and Molly McGee • Stacey Pollard • David • Michael Salmon and Louis Parent • Dr. and Mrs. Barbara Stephanus • Sheila and Craig Sternberg • Pollock • Alice and Don Porter • Lynda and Dan Charles E. Salzer • Kateryna Samartseva • Mark Jane and Alec Stevens ^ • Charles and Delphine Porter H • Stephen Porter • Edward A. and Eleonore Samson and Dani Myers H • Dr. and Mrs. Werner E. Stevens • Lisa and John Stewart • Matthew Stewart Pottenger • Gary Potter and Alex Ball • Suzanne Samson • Darrell Sanders • Jean Sanders • Carl and Marshall Bilderback • Paula Stewart • Richard Powell • James Powers • Ken Powers • Karla Graue Sanders • Norman and Elisabeth Sandler • H. M. Stewart • Robert Stewart and Harriet Winkelman Pratt • Jack and Carolynn Prelutsky • Thomas and Sanford • Irwin Sarason, in memory of Barbara • Sue Stibbe • Charles and Susan Stillman • John Marilyn Price • Lori and Bill Price • Rebecca L. Pringle Sarason ^ • Suzanne Sarason • Peggy Savlov • Sullivan and Paula Stokes • Philip R. Stoller • Betty • The Provost Family • Jonathan Prudhomme • Lynn Jacqueline Savo ³ • Carl Sayres • Bev Schaaf and Strand • Jon Stratton • Ann and Daniel Streissguth • Prunhuber and David Stobaugh • LaVern and Rick Kirkwood H • Paul and Terri Schaake • Robert Howard and Vivienne Strickler • John Stuntebeck • Frances M. Puddy • Tom and Gretchen Puentes • Mr. Schapira • Lisa Schaures • Barbara Scheel • Mr. and James and Mary Suhr • Bert Sullam H • Charles and Mrs. W. H. Purdy ^ • Carolyn J. Purnell and Wes Mrs. Frederick B. Scheetz • Jeffery Schempp • Todd Surine • Kristina Susser • M. and H. Sussman • C. Uhlman • Megan and Greg Pursell H ^ ³ • Jeffery Scheuer and Luciana Simoncini • Mrs. R. Scheumann Carolyn Sutton and Cort Liddell • R. Patton Swaim • and Paula Pyatt • Lynn Qu • David S. Querubin • • Gisela and Hugo Schimmelbusch • James L. Duane and Barbara Swank ^ • Aggie and Chick Carol Ann and Thomas Quinsey • Eleni Rachaniotou Schindler ^ • Eckhard Schipull • Mrs. Chella Schmidt Sweeney • Donald and Gloria Swisher ^ • Bob † • Douglass and Katherine Raff • Michael Raftery • • Karen and Robert Schmidt • Eulalie Schneider • Swoffer • Jane Sylvester • Kellie Tabor • Georg and James and Sherry Raisbeck ^ • Rakowsky Family • K. Ruth and Garry Schneider • Betsy R. and Jason Linda Tady • Tagney Jones Family Fund at Seattle Carolyn Ramamurti • Rita M. Rambo • Judith Ramey Schneier, MD † • Albert Schroeder • Dustin Schultz • Foundation • Jim Talbot • Justin Talbot • James • Catherine Ramsey and Thomas Ball • Chris Randall Sandra Schumann • Aaron Schutzer • Judy Schwab • Tanner • Rasa Tautvydas • Abbot Taylor • Janetta • Lewis and Martha Randall • Alice and Dick Rapasky Jean E. Schweitzer • Cheryl Scott • Donald L. and Taylor • Jeffrey Taylor and Jeffrey Pittman • Pamela • Tom and Sue Raschella • Murray and Wendy Kathryn Scott • Joan M. Scott • John and Joan Scott • and Ronald Taylor • Carol J. Teather • Rafael Tello • Raskind • Dana Rasmussen ^ • Fred Rasp • Daniel Mary Scott and the late Ron Rogers • Therese M. Carole Terry and Alan Fine • Joe N. Terteling • Penny Rathbone • Fleet Ratliff • Buddy Ratner and Cheryl Scott • Nancy Scurlock and Tracey Yonick • Janet Tetter • Thomas J. and C. Susan Thatcher • Marvin Cromer-Ratner • Stella and Christopher Ray • Anne Sears H ^ ³ • Jack Seeley • Janet and Thomas Seery Theimer • Michael P. Theisen, M.D. • George and M. Redman ^ • Robert Reece • Mary Lou Reed • • Matthew Segal and Corrie Greene • Detra Segar • Irene Theissing • Jennifer Thill • Theresa T. Thoman • Dennis Reichenbach • Russell and Julia Reid • Dr. Dave Sellinger • Pradyot and Keya Sen • Virginia Christopher and Regina Thomas † • Richard E. and Mrs. Edward Reifel • Cecilia Paul and Harry Senear and the late Allen Senear ^ • Deborah Senn • Thomas • Tamlyn P. Thomas H • Val Thomas and Reinert • Deborah Relyea • Jane Remsberg and the Christine Seyfried and William Catterall • Doug and Tripp Hunter • Beryl A. Thompson ^ • Ian L. late Jerome Anderson • William C. Rense H • Janey Lisa Shaeffer • John Shafchuk • Dr. Anita Shaffer • J. Thompson, M.D. ^ • Robyn and the late Joyce Repensek • Braiden Rex-Johnson and Spencer A. and Jan Shapiro • Michael Shapiro • Lynn Albert and Thompson • Michael Thompson H • Nancy and Jim Johnson ^ • Alan and Susan Rhodes • Steven and Kathryn Olson Sharp • Kathlyn Shaw • Kris Shaw • Thomson † • Mary Anne Thorbeck • Patricia Thorpe • Fredrica Rice • Lucy Richard • Jan Richards • The late Rebecca Sheaffer and Brett Schmitz • Adam Dennis Tierney and Grace Grant • Jack Tilford • Dr. Catherine A. Richardson • Cynthia S. Richardson ³ • Sheldon • Ken and Gloria Shelton H • Craig Sheppard Francis E. Timlin • Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Tjarnberg • Janice Richardson • Lanse and Rebecca Richardson • • Jeff and Martha Sherman • Keith Shields • Christine Michael Tobiason and Joann Reiter • Penelope Sheri Richardson and Rick Lappin • Jo Ann Riggs • Shigaki • W.A. Shimabokuro and Maurine Simpson • Tobiska H • Thomas and Lisa Tocher • Fredrick C. Barri Rind Donor Advised Fund at the Seattle Jewish Anita Shores • Dr. and Mrs. Stuart S. Shorr • Judith and Natalie Toevs • Gerard Tolentino • Suzanne K. Community Endowment Fund, Jewish Federation of Shoshana • Alison Shuler • Brian and Jeannette Tomlinson • James Toomey • Arthur and Louise Greater Seattle • Dr. Alex and Mr. Bruce A. Ritzen • Shull • Judith Shulman and Harry Hosey • Craig and Torgerson • Patricia Torode • Russell F. and Sarah M. Nancy Ritzenthaler and Albert Odmark Jr. • Joyce C. Nancy Shumate • Bernard and Susan Silbernagel • Tousley ^ • Bonnie Towne • Nanette Toyoshima • and Saul Rivkin ^ • Ashley Rizzuto • Richard Robbins Don and Goldie Silverman • Jillian Simmons • Susan Kathleen Tozer • Nam Tran • Julie Trautmann • John • Richard and Nancy Robblee • N. J. Roben • Simons • Novae Simper • Rob Simpson ³ • Evelyn E. and Anne Trench H • Steven Trevallee • Jason and Christopher and Jennifer Roberts • David Roberts • Simpson H ^ • Jane and John Simpson • Stephen Erica Tripard • Evelyn M. Troughton ^ • The late Ev James Roberts • Paul and Mary Ann Roberts • Sirianni • Michael Sisson • Chuck Sitkin • Ivar and Trout • Judy Tsou and David Carlson † • Hiro Tsuji Nicholas Roberts and Yvonne Chang • Roberta Beverly Skuja • The late Landry Slade and Gretchen and James Knodell • Rae Tufts ^ • Harold and Tish Roberts • Drs. Tom and Christine Robertson • F Van Meter • Pauline V. Smetka and Patrick White • Tukey • R. Thurbon Tukey • Dennis and Dorene Tully Robinson • Catherine Roche • Johann Rocholl and Annette Smith • The late Burton and the late • Mary Megrath Turner and Donald Dahlgren • Marta Johnson • “Joshua and Michelle • Rodriguez “ Dorothy Smith • Douglas Smith and Stephanie Terrence Turner ³ • Janet Turpen • Doris Twiford • • Robert Rodriguez-Lawson • Robert Roemer • Ellis-Smith • Elizabeth Smith • Evelyn and Leroy Marjorie and Thomas Tyler • Jim and Camille Uhlir • Angela Roesler-Lombardi † • Roman Rogalski • Andy Smith • Mrs. Barbara Smith • Joshua and Laura Edith Ulatoski H • Janet Ulman • Joan Underwood • Rogers H ^ • Joy Rogers and Bob Parker • Patricia Smith • Judith L. Smith • Keith Smith • Lori Smith • James and Karen Unkefer ^ • Kathie Uno H • Mr. and Rognlin • Darrel Rohar • Jean Rolfe H • The late Peter Smith • Stewart Smith • Pamela Jackson Mrs. Stanley W. Vail • Manijeh Vail • Joseph Van Arnold and Rosalyn Rom • Jelcy Romberg • Judy and Smyth • Rochelle Snee • Susanne Snortland • Buren • Hans van der Velden • Ken Van Hyning • Case Lellius Rose • Neil Roseman • Julie Rosmond • Christopher and Cameron Snow • Judy Soferman van Rij • Dr. Bertil van Boer and Margaret Fast • Jonathan Rosoff and Kristin Winkel • David and and Marc Rosenshein • Kristian Soholm • Mr. and William A. Vance • Sharon VanDerBurns • Pieter and Patricia Ross • Melanie Ross and Tim Buck • Mrs. James Solimano • Yana Solovyeva and Igor Tjitske Van der Meulen • Muriel A. Van Housen ^ • Cornelius and Penny Rosse † ^ ³ • Clemens and Zverev • Dorothy Somers • Matthew and Kari Alice and Bill Van Pelt H • Dr. Daniel Varadi • Moya Maria Rossell • Shawn Roth • Weston Roth • Eric and Somerton • Matthew and Kari Somerton • Eileen Vazquez ^ ³ • James Veale and Michelle Steffen • Margaret Rothchild • Harvey J. Rothschild III • Ivan Soskin and Gene Berg • Rose M. Southall ^ ³ • Sarah Peter J. Vennewitz H • James Vernon • The and Helen Rouzanov • Paul L. Rowe and R. Michael Soutter • David and Jannie Spain • Mark Sparacio • Vinh-Thomas Family • IK: Vinum Wine Importers & Sereno • David S. Roys, M.D. • Irene Rozet • Erika and Amy and Roy Sparks • Arlene Spaulding • Dr. Estelle Distributors • Mark Viviano • Vilma Vojta • Padmaja Aaron Rubenson • Kevin Ruddell and Heather Kroll • Yamaki and Mr. Robert H. Spaulding • Ronald and Vrudhula • David Wachter • Morris and Penny Wade • Thomas and Patty Ruehle • Mark Ruffo • Ronald and Dawnelle Spaulding • Sonia Spear • Jay and Deborah Betty L. Wagner ^ • George and Jean Wagner • Jan Susan Runyon • James T. and Barbara Russell ^ • Mr. Spenser • Max Spevack • Lise-Ann Spirka • Robert Wagner • Susan F. Wagner • Jay and Susanne and Jeanne Spreen • Cindy and Peter Sprenger H • Wakefield ^ • Cynthia Walk • Andrew L. Walker • Dr. Jay D. Sprenger † • Jim and Linda Sprenger † • Digna Walker • Maggie Walker l • Mary and Findlay ³ † = Education & Community Engagement Donor Stephen A. Sprenger ^ • Elaine Springer • Sheila Wallace • John G. Wallace • John Walsh • Mr. and Squillace • Martin and Carol Stacey • Shannon and Mrs. Edward Walter • Jennifer Wampler • Jost H= Opera Star Monthly Donor Donna Stafford • Kathleen Stamm ³ • Estate of Wanden • Barbara and John Ward • Nancy Ward • ^ = Encore Society Member Marion G. Stamper ^ • Janet and Peter Stanley • Rachel Ward • Rebecca Ward • Joel Ware, IV † • Dr. l = SOWING Circle Member Mary Jo and Michael Stansbury • Janet Stanton and and Mrs. Mike Waring • Bill and Carol Warren ^ • ³= Wagner and More Member

Carmen 39 INDIVIDUAL DONORS COMMEMORATIVE GIFTS The following cumulative gifts of $100 and more were made to Seattle Ruth and Todd Warren • Estate of Herbert Warrick ^ Opera or the Endowment for Seattle Opera between March 15, 2018 • Judith Warshal and Wade Sowers ^ • Gail Wasberg • and March 12, 2019: Elizabeth Wasson • Carolyn Wasteneys • Joan and the late Craig Watjen • Katherine and Rob Watson • Steven M. Watson and Edwin Garretson • Taylene IN HONOR OF: IN MEMORY OF: Watson • David and Romayne Watt • Raleigh Watts ^ • Eugene Webb and Marilyn Domoto Webb • T.J. Callahan by Bob Anderson by Betty Lou McGowan by Danielle Webber • Mrs. Virginia and the late Dr. Tim Callahan Dr. Kennan Hollingsworth Mary and Harold Scott Ralph Wedgwood • Norman Weeks • Joanna Evelyn Troughton Wehrwein • Julie and Mike Weisbach • William Weiss Lise Christensen by Tom Archbold by • Anita Weissberg H • Natalie Weizenbaum • Tom Peter Christensen Barbara Archbold Doris Pieroth by and Joan Wekell • Richard D. Weller • Dorothy Mary Aird W.W. Cleland by Betty Arfin by Wendler ^ • Lynne Werner and David Olsho • Cory William and Johanna Dock Barbara Maduell Irving Rosenberg by West • Sally Anne West • Richard Wetmore • Greg Marilyn Etcheverry John Rehr and Susan Thompson Wetzel • Drs. William T. and Gail Weyerhaeuser ^ • Erica Shepard Nate Averyt by Judith A. Whetzel ^ • John and Gerlinde Whetzell • Keith Yedlin Jon Averyt Barbara Sarason by Kathleen and Christopher White • Jerry and Carol Stefan and Narcisa Kaminski Denny Burda Suzanne Sarason Whitfield • Sam Whiting • Stephen Whyte • Jean and Rose Mary Muir Peter Wick • Michael Widmer • Winfried Wiegraebe • Marvin Harner by Kenneth L. Schubert, Jr. by Julie Wieringa ^ • Mr. and Mrs. Robert Wiesenthal • Claudia Harner-Jay Liz Bagshaw, Betty Lou Roger Hames Harold Wiggers • Edward Wiggins • Alexandra McGowan, & Kathleen Martin by Jill and Bruce Sanchez Wilber H • Paul Wilds • David and Carolyn Wiley • Norm Hollingshead by Cheryl L. Lundgren Alma Scott by John Wiley • Carolyn Wilhite • Evelyn Bittner and Eleni V. Carras The Late Ronald Barclay by Anonymous Jason Williams • Julianne Williams • Kathryn Gerald and Gladys Hoshijo Estate of Ronald Barclay Anna Coy Williams • Mary A. and David L. Williams • Michael Claire McLaughlin Curtis Eckley Williams • Dr. and Mrs. Roger Williams • Timothy Gen. Director Speight Jenkins by Rose Bender by Paula Podemski Williams • Vicki and David Williams • Jeanette Willis Alan Cordova • Andrew Willner • Anne and Dan Willott • Dr. D.P.M. McCann Yolandea Wood Antoinette Wills ³ • Carl Wilson and Kathleen Mark and Giulia Johnson by Beatrice and Arlene Berlin by Dennis W. Stearns by Smith • David Wilson • Kevin Wilson and Emily Anonymous Janice Berlin Peggy Stearns Evans • Bernita Wilson Jackson • Pat Wilson • Susan Winokur and Paul Leach • Carolyn and Vincent Aidan Lang and Kevin Glavin Sarah Black by Stephanie Waterman by Wirkman • Steve and Joy Wise • Wayne Wisehart • by Norman Hollingshead’s Alan Black Carl and Carol Corbin Steven and Gail Wish H • Dr. Michael and Beth Witiw Opera Plus The Boquet Family: Erika, • Ann K. Wittkowsky and Katherine L. Powell • Mark Margaret E. Wagner by Isabella, Elisabeth, and Tytis by and Judy Wittlinger H • Jodie Wohl, M.D. • Craig Barbara Laughlin by George and Jean Wagner SOAR Parents Advisory Council Wolfe • Dr. Jon Wongsurawat • Jacqueline Wood • Stephanie Rosenbaum Dorothy Wainwright by Michael Wood • Nancy and Grant Wood • Pat and Paula Podemski by James D. Brannian by Kathlyn Shaw Judy Wood • Jeff Wood and Diane Summerhays • Marilyn Podemski Anonymous Larry and James Woods-Palmer • LaVerne Woods • Lenice Wendorf by Elizabeth and Troy Wormsbecker • Jerry and Nancy Jane Repensek by Alec Clowes by Marian and Richard Baldy Worsham • Nora Wright • Robert and Cathy Wright • Lucinda Kelly Dr. Susan E. Detweiler Virginia and the late Bagley Wright • Glen and Cathy Ki-Chan Yoo by by Wyatt H • Scott and Jenny Wyatt l • Ann P. Wyckoff Drs. Penny Gaddum-Rosse Florence Fardon Llewellyn Packia Raj • Frank and Virginia Wyland • Roger Wylie • Leslie and Cornelius Rosse by Camille Tutino and Tachi Yamada • Joel Yelland • Albert and Dr. Verena and Basil Grieco Barbara Zerbach by George Fiore by Anonymous Angelina Yen • Sook Young Yeu • Constance and J. and Jan Shapiro Richard Youel • Brian Young • Dan Young and Stephen Sprenger by Jennifer Hay Camille Minogue • David Young • Jennifer Zaccardo • David M. Finrow by Jim and Linda Sprenger Charles Zalinski • Michael Zampani • Charles A. Anonymous Zaragoza ^ • M. Diane Moss and Robert Zawalich • Susan Summerhill Jacob Zeiger • Nancy and Stanley Zeitz • Jeffrey and Mrs. Bonnie Foster by Jean Stark by Ann Ziesman • Chris and Jane Zimmerman • Samuel Brian Toffoli Susan Esco Chandler Zinner and Walt Mason • Christian and Joyce Zobel • Lind Family Foundation Fund Natalie Gendler by Stephen Zon H • Sylvia Zonoff • RP Zook Anonymous Maryanne Tagney and Jeffrey Atkin We are grateful for your support and every by David Jones Patricia Dubrow effort was made for accuracy but sometimes James Reid Harvey S. and Judy G. Poll we make a mistake. Please let us know if we Deborah Senn missed your name or your recognition was not Martha Himber by by as you expected. Contact Donor Services at Joyce Thompson Bernard Evans [email protected] or 206.367.7668. Robyn Thompson Vesta Ingman by by Moya Vazquez Shannon Scheel Lisa Bury and John Taylor Robyn and Phillip Grad Anna Kaufman by Fred Kaufman Annette B. Weyerhaeuser by † = Education & Community Engagement Donor Jillian and Steve Kane Mary E. Kurtz by H= Opera Star Monthly Donor Georgia Kurtz ^ = Encore Society Member Diane Wong and Nelson Dong by l= SOWING Circle Member Diana H. Gale and Jerry Hillis ³= Wagner and More Member

40 Seattle Opera 2018/19 Season INSTITUTIONAL DONORS Seattle Opera is exceedingly grateful for the following cumulative contributions of $500 and more made between July 1, 2017 and March 15, 2019 to support Seattle Opera at the Center and the Annual Fund. The impact of these organizations and individuals keeps opera and the arts thriving in our community.

$1,000,000 AND MORE

Anonymous Seattle Opera State of Washington– Tagney Jones Family Fund Foundation Building for the Arts at Seattle Foundation

$500,000–$999,999 True-Brown Nesholm Family Foundation Foundation

$250,000–$499,999 C.E. Stuart The Chisholm Joshua Green Charitable Trust Foundation Foundation

$100,000–$249,999

The Foster Grousemont The Hot John Graham Foundation Foundation Chocolate Fund Foundation

Peach Sunderland Foundation Foundation

$50,000–$99,999 D.V. and Ida J. McEachern Charitable Trust

$25,000–$49,999 Atsuhiko and Ina BNSF Railway Cossé International Costco Ned and Kayla Pacifica The Peg and Rick Goodwin Tateuchi Foundation Securities, Inc. Wholesale Skinner Arts Law Group Young Foundation Foundation Enrichment Fund

Trimble Fund

$15,000–$24,999 $1,000–$1,499 The Dabney Point Fund • Heartland • Janet Leathercare, Inc. • NBBJ • The Reed McClure Firm MATCHING GIFTS Wright Ketcham Foundation • Seattle Opera Guild • Pride Foundation • Seattle Foundation: Poncho Aetna • Alaska Airlines • Apple Inc. • AT&T • Bank • Tucker Family Foundation • Wagner and More Legacy Fund • SkyOpera at Skyline • Talking Rain of America • Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation • BlackRock, Inc. • BECU • Cambria Health $10,000–$14,999 $500–$999 Foundation • Chevron • Costco Wholesale Ackerly Excellence Fund • Envestnet | Tamarac Avennia • Casson Family Fund • Freestone • Expedia Inc. • ExxonMobil • Frontstream • M.A.C. Cosmetics • Nuckols-Keefe Family Capital Management • Kaspars Special Events • General Electric • Google, Inc. • IBM • Intel Foundation and Catering • Red Carpet Valet • RBC Wealth Management Corporation • Johnson & Johnson • King County Employee Giving Program • Microsoft • Morgan $5,000–$9,999 Stanley • Network for Good • Northern Trust • ArtsLEAF • ArtsWA | Washington State Arts Commission • Badgley Phelps • Cornerstone Oracle Corporation • Quaker Hill Foundation Advisors, Inc. • Creelman Foundation • Northwest DONOR ADVISED FUNDS • Royal Dutch Shell • City of Seattle: Seattle Bank • Richard B. and Barbara B. Odlin Foundation The following organizations provide funding Shares • Starbucks • Texas Instruments • The through Donor Advised Funds (DAFs) between • Ryan, Swanson & Cleveland, PLLC • The Boeing Company • The Coca-Cola Company • July 1, 2017 and January 30, 2019: Performing Arts Readiness Project • Union Bank • The Polyclinic • T-Mobile USA, Inc. • Thrivent U.S. Bank Foundation • Wyman Youth Trust Ayco Charitable Foundation • BNY Mellon Financial • UnitedHealth Group • Verity Solutions Charitable Gift Fund • The Boston Foundation • Washington State Combined Fund Drive $3,000–$4,999 • Community Foundation of Utah • The Dallas Charles Maxfield and Gloria F. Parrish Foundation Foundation • Edward Jones • Fidelity Charitable • Davis Wright Tremaine • Fales Foundation Trust Gift Fund • Fiduciary Charitable Foundation • Garvey, Schubert, & Barer • Madden Associates • • Inland Northwest Community Foundation OFFICIAL IN-KIND PARTNERS Peter F. Donnelly Merit Fund • Perkins Coie • MyICON Foundation • Jewish Federation of Greater Seattle • Oklahoma City Community $1,500–$2,999 Foundation • Saint Paul Foundation • Schwab Colymbus Foundation • Parker, Smith, & Feek, Charitable Fund • The Saratoga Charitable Inc. • Trilogy Musical Notes Club • Vinium Wine Foundation • Seattle Foundation • TIAA Importers & Distributors Charitable • U.S. Charitable Gift Trust • United Way of King County • Vanguard Charitable Carmen 41 INTREPID TRAVELER DEDICATED ARCHIVIST AND GENEROUS PATRON By Glenn Hare In memoriam: Karyl Winn

An avid outdoor enthusiast, passionate gardener, and world traveler, Karyl Winn was also a dedicated fan of Seattle Opera. Together with her husband Norm Winn, she was a season ticket holder and donor for 49 years of their 52-year marriage.“We moved here from Milwaukee in May of 1967 and purchased our first tickets that September,” recalls Norm. “She was a fan of Wagner’s operas, says Norm. She also loved Carmen, The Marriage of Figaro, and The Barber of Seville.”

Karyl Winn passed away on May 20, 2017. In honor of the generous estate gift she bequeathed to Seattle Opera, we dedicate the 2019/20 season to her as an expression of our gratitude.

A native of Bay City, Michigan on the shores of Lake Huron, Karyl cultivated a love for the outdoors and the arts at a young age. She enjoyed dance lessons in the fall and spring, and vacationing in a rustic cabin in northern Michigan in the summer. She studied to be a librarian at the University of Michigan, where she met Norm, a law student at the time. They married and settled in Wisconsin briefly before relocating to the Pacific Northwest, explains Peggy Cummings, a life-long hiking and camping companion. Peggy recalls, “Norm explained their move to Seattle this way: ‘Karyl, I’m tired of looking at flat. I want to go where there’s some mountains!'”

The couple adjusted quickly to their new environment. They joined The Mountaineers club, where Karyl was one of the first women to complete the intermediate climbing

© Peggy Cummings © Peggy course. “Believe me, there weren’t many women mountain climbers at the time,” says Peggy, who was also a member in the late ’60s and early ’70s. And they started Opera exists because of you. You buy attending and supporting Seattle Opera. tickets. You donate. You talk about your experiences with your family and friends. Karyl joined the staff at the University of Washington, first as a Library Cataloguer, We are fortunate that many of you also then an Archivist, and later as Head Archivist. She was instrumental in the University’s acquisition of important documents from politicians, environmentalists, include Seattle Opera in your legacy labor leaders, activists, and others. Karyl helped found the Congressional Papers plans. Karyl Winn lived life to the fullest. Roundtable. And books of all kinds pay tribute to her and her team, Peggy says. Tonight and for years to come, we’ll “There were many researchers and writers that thanked her in their books.” celebrate her joy for adventure, constant Karyl was equally proud that she cycled to work for almost 25 of the 42 years that curiosity, and generous philanthropy. she worked at the UW. She also enjoyed gardening and served as a volunteer docent Thank you Karyl. at the Volunteer Park Conservatory for many years. She was fond of native plants, roses, and houseplants, and maintained part of a P-Patch Community Garden for several years, explains Norm.

Peggy remembers first meeting Karyl on a climbing trip in the early ’70s. She estimates they’ve walked hundreds of miles together over the years, from short day hikes to week-long backpacking trips. Karyl and Peggy—either with their husbands, with friends, or on their own—ventured around the islands of Puget Sound, along the coastline of northern California, through the canyons of Utah, and across the mountains of Morocco. Karyl trekked all over the United States, and throughout Europe, South America, and Asia. “She went to Burma, well before it was known as Myanmar, to Iran and Laos,” Peggy says. “She was an intrepid traveler.”

42 Seattle Opera 2018/19 Season

Carmen_Program_042219-fixed.indd 42 4/26/19 11:11 AM Untitled-1 1 9/15/17 9:06 AM YOUR SUPPORT: LIVE ON THE MAINSTAGE!

Express your passion for Seattle Opera by sponsoring a production, artist, event, or program that resonates with you. Get to know the artists and the behind-the- scenes work that bring your favorite opera productions to life!

Customized sponsorship benefits make for a truly unforgettable experience. Contact Donor Services for more information at 206.389.7669 or [email protected]. © PHILIP NEWTON To celebrate the Opera Center’s open house (left to right) Dick Gemperle, Janet Sears, Christopher and Carolyn Eagan, Jonathan Dean, Muriel Van Housen, and Marybeth Gemperle cut a ceremonial red ribbon.

LEADERSHIP CIRCLE PRODUCER’S CIRCLE Through a multi-year Annual Fund The Producer’s Circle recognizes donors commitment of $100,000 or more, who have made a three-year Annual Seattle Opera’s most visionary supporters Fund commitment of $60,000–$99,999. help realize an unbounded vision for This new tier of customized giving brings Seattle Opera’s future. Leadership more possibilities than ever before to Circle membership gives you premium ensure the present and future of your recognition, provides personalized access opera company. Make your pledge today to your opera company, and allows you to and enjoy memorable behind-the-scenes create a lasting impact on the art you love. experiences with Seattle Opera!

We give profound thanks to the following We are so grateful for the following Leadership Circle members (as of Producer’s Circle members (as of March 12, 2019): March 12, 2019):

Anonymous Marshall and Jane Brown Eric Hawley and Gwen Lowery Christopher and Carolyn Eagan Gary and Parul Houlahan Dr. Kennan H. Hollingsworth Carol Maione and Brian Marks Jeff and Martha Sherman James and Sherry Raisbeck Sally Anne West Eugene and Jean Stark Maryanne Tagney and David Jones True-Brown Foundation Jay and Susanne Wakefield Gail and William T. Weyerhaeuser Ann P. Wyckoff

44 Seattle Opera 2018/19 Season SALUTING MARY MCLAUGHLIN

40TH SEASON, SEATTLE OPERA CHORUS OPERA With love, Your Seattle CLASSICS Opera Chorus SERIES Colleagues and Friends

THREE FAVORITES STARTING AT $153! Experience three lavish masterpieces in our biggest season ever—all while enjoying fantastic subscriber benefits. Stop by the Subscription Desk in the Grand Lobby during both intermissions or visit seattleopera.org/classics anytime to learn more.

2019/20 SEASON SPONSOR: IN MEMORY OF KARYL WINN

Carmen 45

Carmen_Program_042219-fixed.indd 45 4/26/19 11:11 AM AMUSEMENTSENC AMUSEMENTS Gifts of Artistic Expression

Located on the Kreielsheimer Promenade Level of McCaw Hall. Open two and a half hours prior to curtain and during both intermissions.

CARMEN DVD Take home the dazzling music of Bizet’s iconic masterpiece with this DVD of Francesco Rosi’s 1984 film adaptation. Featuring Plácido Domingo as Don José, Ruggero Raimondi as Escamillo, Faith Esham as Micaëla, and Julia Migenes in the title role. Director Carlos Saura showcases authentic Spanish scenery for the on-location shoot. Lorin Maazel conducts Orchestre National de France. 1 disc, 155 minutes, NTSC widescreen. $29.95 © Philip Newton

FOLDING SPANISH FANS Whether you’re making a style PASSIONATE statement, dancing the flamenco, or just staying cool, our colorful collection of folding fans has got DRAMATIC you covered. From chic solid color designs to elaborate lace and FABULOUS hand painted items, you’ll find an accessory to flip over! Prices vary.

MAGNIFICENT 2019/20 SEASON ASSORTMENT Get ready for our upcoming season with a wide selection of books, CDs, and other items. You love opera. We From audio recordings to insightful analysis, unique gifts to complete libretti, you’ll find plenty of ways to fully appreciate and prepare for upcoming operas. Prices vary. get it. Your support means we can share this awe-inspiring art form with more people. From school children in the Yakima Valley to teens on the Eastside and underserved groups SEATTLE OPERA LIMITED EDITION throughout the Puget CARMEN T-SHIRTS Designer Kitty Kough has created this bold Sound Region, your illustration for our May presentation of gift makes it possible Bizet’s masterpiece. Rising from a thorny thicket of wild Spanish roses, our leading to bring more stories lady strikes a resolute pose. Red, black, and more music to and white design on dark gold background. Available in men’s and women’s short more people. sleeve. Prices vary. Please donate today. SHOP AMUSEMENTS SEATTLEOPERA.ORG/DONATE ONLINE AT SEATTLEOPERA.ORG/SHOP

46 Seattle Opera 2018/19 Season

Carmen_Program_042219-fixed.indd 46 4/26/19 11:11 AM UPCOMING EVENTS

OPERA TALKS WITH JONATHAN DEAN MAY 21, JUNE 11, JULY 30 OPERA CENTER

© Philip Newton FREE, OPEN TO THE PUBLIC Deepen your knowledge of opera with a new opera talk series. Each month, join Seattle Opera Dramaturg Jonathan Dean for an OPERA TIME AT THE entertaining look at this unique art form, with topics ranging from opera’s rich literature and history to behind-the-scenes insights into OPERA CENTER how we put these grand productions on stage. FREE SECOND SATURDAYS SEATTLEOPERA.ORG/OPERATALKS MAY 11, JUNE 8, JULY 13 AT 10:30 AM FREE, OPEN TO THE PUBLIC CHILDREN 7 AND UNDER, WITH PARENT/GUARDIAN SEATTLE OPERA Opera Time at the Opera Center is an interactive musical story SUMMER CAMPS time for children. Explore storytelling as we sing and move our way JULY 8–12 through story books. Drop in for a free 30-minute class on the second OPERA CENTER Saturday of every month. This summer, join Seattle Opera’s teaching artists in a fun, supportive environment full of storytelling and song. With three age groups SIX-WEEK SUMMER SESSION available, children ages 7–18 of all experience levels can build music, JULY 23–AUGUST 28 acting, and performance skills with a week of engaging activities. Read together and sing together! Dive in to storybooks through SEATTLEOPERA.ORG/CAMPS singing. Children ages 2–5 and their parent/guardian will explore storytelling with singing, acting, dancing, and visual arts through a 6-week Opera Time format for early learners. Join us Tuesday or SAVE THE DATE! OPERA CENTER OPEN HOUSE Wednesday mornings this summer! SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 28 SEATTLEOPERA.ORG/EARLYLEARNING FREE, OPEN TO THE PUBLIC Come down to the Opera Center to explore how opera is created. CINDERELLA EN ESPAÑA Visit spaces where operas are rehearsed,walk through the A CHILDREN’S OPERA costume shop, and hear from the new General Director Christina SUN., JUN 23, AND SAT., JUN 29, 2 AND 4 PM Scheppelmann. OPERA CENTER Join us for an afternoon of opera and family activities. Cinderella CINDERELLA FAMILY DAY en España sets the action in the culturally vibrant coastal city of SUNDAY, OCTOBER 27 AT 2:00 PM Barcelona, providing a lively, modern-day bilingual backdrop to MCCAW HALL this deceptively simple story about the beauty of kindness and the For this specially designated performance, students age 18 and under ugliness of mistreating others. pay only $20 for almost any seat. Family Days also feature special Tickets: $5 for youth under 18; $15 for adults. youth-oriented activities during intermission. SEATTLEOPERA.ORG/FAMILYOPERA SEATTLEOPERA.ORG/FAMILYDAYS

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