DOCSLIB.ORG

A Phylogenetic Perspective on Fine Root Ecology: Assessing the Role of Root Evolution on Fine Root Functional Traits and Ecological Interactions in Woody Angiosperms

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Phylogenetic Perspective on Fine Root Ecology: Assessing the Role of Root Evolution on Fine Root Functional Traits and Ecological Interactions in Woody Angiosperms A PHYLOGENETIC PERSPECTIVE ON FINE ROOT ECOLOGY: ASSESSING THE ROLE OF ROOT EVOLUTION ON FINE ROOT FUNCTIONAL TRAITS AND ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS IN WOODY ANGIOSPERMS. 5 10 A Dissertation submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 15 20 by Oscar J. Valverde-Barrantes December, 2013 25 Dissertation written by Oscar J. Valverde-Barrantes B.S., Technological Institute of Costa Rica, 1997 M.S., University of Costa Rica, 2003 30 M.S., Iowa State University, 2006 Approved by: ___________________________________, Chair, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Dr. Christopher B. Blackwood ___________________________________, Members, Doctoral Dissertation Committee 35 Dr. Andrea Case ___________________________________ Dr. Oscar J. Rocha ___________________________________ Dr. Kurt A. Smemo 40 ___________________________________ Dr. Dr. Alison J. Smith Accepted by _______________________________, Acting Chair, Department of Biological Sciences 45 Dr. Laura G. Leff _______________________________, Associate Dean, College of Arts and Sciences Dr. Janice Crowther ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter One: Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 50 References .................................................................................................................................. 12 Chapter Two: Woody angiosperm fine root morphology is phylogenetically structured but chemistry is related to the plant economics spectrum .................................................................... 18 Summary .................................................................................................................................... 18 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 19 55 Methods: .................................................................................................................................... 23 Study site and sample collection ............................................................................................ 23 Morphological and architectural traits ................................................................................... 25 Chemical traits ....................................................................................................................... 27 Phylogenetic data ................................................................................................................... 28 60 Data analysis .......................................................................................................................... 28 Results ........................................................................................................................................ 33 Discussion .................................................................................................................................. 44 References .................................................................................................................................. 51 Chapter Three: Phylogenetically structured traits in root systems influence arbuscular mycorrhizal 65 colonization in woody angiosperms. .............................................................................................. 69 Summary .................................................................................................................................... 69 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 71 Methods ..................................................................................................................................... 75 Site description....................................................................................................................... 75 70 Phylogenetic background: ...................................................................................................... 76 Collection of root systems: .................................................................................................... 77 Chemical and morphological analyses: .................................................................................. 77 Root system anatomy and microscopic estimation of mycorrhizal colonization: .................. 78 Molecular estimation of mycorrhizal colonization: ............................................................... 79 75 Statistical analysis .................................................................................................................. 82 Results ........................................................................................................................................ 86 Hypothesis 1. Comparing changes in stele and cortex area across species: .......................... 86 Hypothesis 2. Integration of root traits across root orders: .................................................... 87 iii Hypothesis 3. Relationship between root traits and mycorrhizal colonization ...................... 91 80 Discussion .................................................................................................................................. 95 Root trait modifications during angiosperm evolution .......................................................... 95 Root trait integration across root orders ................................................................................. 98 Root trait integration and mycorrhizal colonization ............................................................ 101 Literature Cited ........................................................................................................................ 105 85 Chapter Four: The distribution of belowground traits is explained by intrinsic species differences and intraspecific plasticity in response to root neighbors ............................................................ 115 Summary .................................................................................................................................. 115 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 117 Methods ................................................................................................................................... 121 90 Study site and data collection: ............................................................................................. 121 Statistical analysis: ............................................................................................................... 125 Results ...................................................................................................................................... 130 Root trait plasticity and species differences ......................................................................... 130 Root community assembly processes .................................................................................. 136 95 Community-aggregated traits ............................................................................................... 137 Discussion ................................................................................................................................ 139 Plasticity-mediated competitive trait displacement belowground ....................................... 140 Controls on community-aggregated root traits .................................................................... 142 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 143 100 References ................................................................................................................................ 144 Chapter Five: Aggregated and complimentary: fine root distribution patterns in a temperate deciduous forest. .......................................................................................................................... 163 Summary .................................................................................................................................. 163 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 165 105 Methods ................................................................................................................................... 171 Site description ........................................................................................................................ 171 Vertical root distribution samples ........................................................................................ 172 Sampling roots across ecosystems and ecotones ................................................................. 173 Soil conditions and species distribution above and belowground ....................................... 174 iv 110 Molecular root identification ............................................................................................... 175 Root trait measurements ...................................................................................................... 176 Statistical analysis ................................................................................................................ 176 Results .....................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Central Appalachian Broadleaf Forest Coniferous Forest Meadow Province
    Selecting Plants for Pollinators A Regional Guide for Farmers, Land Managers, and Gardeners In the Central Appalachian Broadleaf Forest Coniferous Forest Meadow Province Including the states of: Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia And parts of: Georgia, Kentucky, and North Carolina, NAPPC South Carolina, Tennessee Table of CONTENTS Why Support Pollinators? 4 Getting Started 5 Central Appalachian Broadleaf Forest 6 Meet the Pollinators 8 Plant Traits 10 Developing Plantings 12 Far ms 13 Public Lands 14 Home Landscapes 15 Bloom Periods 16 Plants That Attract Pollinators 18 Habitat Hints 20 This is one of several guides for Check list 22 different regions in the United States. We welcome your feedback to assist us in making the future Resources and Feedback 23 guides useful. Please contact us at [email protected] Cover: silver spotted skipper courtesy www.dangphoto.net 2 Selecting Plants for Pollinators Selecting Plants for Pollinators A Regional Guide for Farmers, Land Managers, and Gardeners In the Ecological Region of the Central Appalachian Broadleaf Forest Coniferous Forest Meadow Province Including the states of: Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia And parts of: Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee a nappc and Pollinator Partnership™ Publication This guide was funded by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, the C.S. Fund, the Plant Conservation Alliance, the U.S. Forest Service, and the Bureau of Land Management with oversight by the Pollinator Partnership™ (www.pollinator.org), in support of the North American Pollinator Protection Campaign (NAPPC–www.nappc.org). Central Appalachian Broadleaf Forest – Coniferous Forest – Meadow Province 3 Why support pollinators? In theIr 1996 book, the Forgotten PollInators, Buchmann and Nabhan estimated that animal pollinators are needed for the reproduction “ Farming feeds of 90% of flowering plants and one third of human food crops.
    [Show full text]
  • Art Gallery of Ballarat Annual Report 10-11 Annual Report
    Art Gallery of Ballarat Annual Report 10-11 Annual Report 2010-11 ISSN 0726-5530 Chair’s Report .................................................................................................4 Art Gallery of Ballarat ACN: 145 246 224 Director’s Report .........................................................................................6 ABN: 28 145 246 224 Association Report .....................................................................................8 40 Lydiard Street North Ballarat Victoria 3350 Women’s Association Report ............................................................10 T 03 5320 5858 F 03 5320 5791 Gallery Guides Report ...........................................................................11 [email protected] Acquisitions ...................................................................................................13 www.artgalleryofballarat.com.au Outward Loan ..............................................................................................27 Exhibitions ......................................................................................................31 Public Programs ........................................................................................35 Education Visits and Programs ..........................................................37 Adopt an Artwork ......................................................................................40 Donations, Gifts and Bequests .........................................................41 Gallery Staff and Volunteers
    [Show full text]
  • "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
    Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinquapin the Newsletter of the Southern Appalachian Botanical Society
    chinquapin The Newsletter of the Southern Appalachian Botanical Society Volume 16, No. 4 Winter 2008 Happy Holidays from SABS Red spruce “hunkering down” for winter in the Great Smoky Mountains Photo by Scott Ranger 2 Chinquapin 16 (4) The Newsletter of the Southern Appalachian Botanical Society SABS Officers & Editors Conley K. McMullen, President Department of Biology, MSC 7801 Field Notes by Scott Ranger James Madison University Harrisonburg, VA 22807 3) Do weather conditions control flowering? (540) 568-3805 · fax (540) 568-3333 Three-birds Orchid Update I made a careful comparison of weather [email protected] conditions in 2007 (very hot with 14 days Howard S. Neufeld, Past President With another season of observing this > 90°F and 5 >100°F and dry with ~20% of Department of Biology ephemeral orchid at Pickett’s Mill Battlefield normal rainfall) and 2008 (nearly normal). 572 Rivers Street State Historic Site, I’ve come up with some The same flowering pattern occurred both Appalachian State University observations and questions. The photograph years. It seems weather, at least in these two Boone, NC 28608 below is illustrative for both. If anyone has years, didn’t have an effect on flowering. We (828) 262-2683 · fax (828) 262-2127 any answers, I’d love to hear them. counted a total of 460 stems in 2008, up [email protected] 61.5% from 2007. Weather probably had Charles N. Horn, Treasurer Observations: something to do with this. Biology Department • Even the smallest stems (>2 mm diameter 2100 College Street and >3 cm tall) have at least one well- 4) Is synchronicity overemphasized? I think Newberry College developed flower bud.
    [Show full text]
  • Repeated Climate-Linked Host Shifts Have Promoted Diversification in a Temperate Clade of Leaf-Mining Flies
    Repeated climate-linked host shifts have promoted SPECIAL FEATURE diversification in a temperate clade of leaf-mining flies Isaac S. Winklera,b,1, Charles Mitterb, and Sonja J. Schefferc aDepartment of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7613, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613; bDepartment of Entomology, University of Maryland, 4112 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742; and cSystematic Entomology Laboratory, Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Building 003, Room 231, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705 Edited by Anurag A. Agrawal, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, and accepted by the Editorial Board July 30, 2009 (received for review May 1, 2009) A central but little-tested prediction of ‘‘escape and radiation’’ ever, there is still little evidence on the degree to which changes coevolution is that colonization of novel, chemically defended host in either plant defense or insect ‘‘offense’’ promote diversifica- plant clades accelerates insect herbivore diversification. That the- tion (7). Progress on the insect side has come from several recent ory, in turn, exemplifies one side of a broader debate about the reports plausibly attributing an instance of significantly elevated relative influence on clade dynamics of intrinsic (biotic) vs. extrinsic insect diversity to a co-occurring shift to a new host taxon (5, 10, (physical-environmental) forces. Here, we use a fossil-calibrated 11). Any single instance of elevated diversification, however, molecular chronogram to compare the effects of a major biotic could reflect other influences that happen to be confounded factor (repeated shift to a chemically divergent host plant clade) with the host shift.
    [Show full text]
  • Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
    Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
    [Show full text]
  • Temporal and Spatial Origin of Gesneriaceae in the New World Inferred from Plastid DNA Sequences
    bs_bs_banner Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 171, 61–79. With 3 figures Temporal and spatial origin of Gesneriaceae in the New World inferred from plastid DNA sequences MATHIEU PERRET1*, ALAIN CHAUTEMS1, ANDRÉA ONOFRE DE ARAUJO2 and NICOLAS SALAMIN3,4 1Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Ch. de l’Impératrice 1, CH-1292 Chambésy, Switzerland 2Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Santa Adélia, 166, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, Brazil 3Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland 4Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland Received 15 December 2011; revised 3 July 2012; accepted for publication 18 August 2012 Gesneriaceae are represented in the New World (NW) by a major clade (c. 1000 species) currently recognized as subfamily Gesnerioideae. Radiation of this group occurred in all biomes of tropical America and was accompanied by extensive phenotypic and ecological diversification. Here we performed phylogenetic analyses using DNA sequences from three plastid loci to reconstruct the evolutionary history of Gesnerioideae and to investigate its relationship with other lineages of Gesneriaceae and Lamiales. Our molecular data confirm the inclusion of the South Pacific Coronanthereae and the Old World (OW) monotypic genus Titanotrichum in Gesnerioideae and the sister-group relationship of this subfamily to the rest of the OW Gesneriaceae. Calceolariaceae and the NW genera Peltanthera and Sanango appeared successively sister to Gesneriaceae, whereas Cubitanthus, which has been previously assigned to Gesneriaceae, is shown to be related to Linderniaceae. Based on molecular dating and biogeographical reconstruction analyses, we suggest that ancestors of Gesneriaceae originated in South America during the Late Cretaceous.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear DNA Content and Chromosome Number of Krameria Cistoidea Hook
    Gayana Bot. 74(1): 233-235, 2017. ISSN 0016-5301 Short communication Nuclear DNA content and chromosome number of Krameria cistoidea Hook. & Arn. (Krameriaceae) Contenido de ADN nuclear y número cromosómico de Krameria cistoidea Hook. & Arn. (Krameriaceae) CLAUDIO PALMA-ROJAS1*, PEDRO JARA-SEGUEL2, MARJORIE GARCÍA1 & ELISABETH VON BRAND3 1Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, Casilla 599, La Serena, Chile. 2Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales y Núcleo de Estudios Ambientales, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Casilla 15-D, Temuco, Chile. 3Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Casilla 117, Coquimbo, Chile. *[email protected] RESUMEN Krameria cistoidea Hook. & Arn. tiene un valor 2C de 18,64 + 1,09 pg con un coeficiente de variación de 5,8%. El número cromosómico 2n = 12 descrito para otras seis especies de Krameria está también presente en K. cistoidea. Estos datos citológicos de K. cistoidea son discutidos en relación a antecedentes disponibles para otras Angiospermas, así como para tres géneros de la familia taxonómicamente relacionada Zygophyllaceae. Krameria cistoidea Hook. & Arn. (Krameriaceae) is a the related family Zygophyllaceae (e.g. Larrea, Bulnesia, species endemic to Chile that inhabits coastal and pre- Tribulus). These genera show cytological characters that andean slopes (Squeo et al. 2001), with a center of differ to Krameria species described so far, with diploid distribution located between the rivers Huasco (28ºS) and species (2n = 26), tetraploids (2n = 52), hexaploids (2n = Limari (30ºS) in the semiarid zone. Along its geographical 78) and octoploids (2n = 104), and all having low 2C-values range K.
    [Show full text]
  • Blue Hills Mungada West and East (Tenements M59/595 and M59/596) Infrastructure Areas; Targeted Flora Surveys June, July and September 2011
    SMC: Blue Hills Mungada West and East (Tenements M59/595 and M59/596) Infrastructure Areas; Targeted Flora Surveys June, July and September 2011 15 March 2012 Version 2 (Final) maia.net.au SMC: Blue Hills Mungada West and East (Tenements M59/595 and M59/596) Infrastructure Areas This document describes the vegetation and flora recorded during targeted flora surveys carried out for Sinosteel Midwest Corporation in June, July and September 2011 on tenements M59/595 and M59/596 at Mungada West and East at Blue Hills. It also discusses the significance of the flora and vegetation of the Infrastructure Areas surveyed and estimates impacts to the significant flora and vegetation of these areas. Maia Environmental Consultancy Pty Ltd ABN 25 141 503 184 PO Box 1213 Subiaco WA 6904 Document Prepared By: Rochelle Haycock and Scott Hitchcock Document Reviewed By: Christina Cox Document Revision Number: 2 (Final) Date: 15 March 2012 This document has been prepared for Sinosteel Midwest Corporation Limited (SMC) by Maia Environmental Consultancy Pty Ltd (Maia). Copyright and any intellectual property associated with the document belong to Maia and Sinosteel Midwest Corporation. The document may not be reproduced or distributed to any third party by any physical or electronic means without the permission of SMC or Maia. SMC: Blue Hills Mungada West and East (Tenements M59/595 and M59/596) Infrastructure Areas Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Zootaxa, Casuarinicola, a New Genus of Jumping Plant Lice
    Zootaxa 2601: 1–27 (2010) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2010 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Casuarinicola, a new genus of jumping plant lice (Hemiptera: Triozidae) from Casuarina (Casuarinaceae) GARY S. TAYLOR1,4, ANDY D. AUSTIN1, JOHN T. JENNINGS1, MATTHEW F. PURCELL2 & GREGORY S. WHEELER3 1Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity, and School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, AUSTRALIA 2USDA ARS Australian Biological Control Laboratory, CSIRO Entomology, 120 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Queensland 4068, AUSTRALIA 3USDA Agricultural Research Service, Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, 3225 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33314, USA 4Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A new genus, Casuarinicola Taylor gen. nov., comprising five new species of jumping plant lice (Hemiptera: Triozidae) from Casuarina s.s. (Casuarinaceae) from Australia and New Caledonia, is described. New species are: C. australis Taylor sp. nov., C. nigrimaculatus Taylor sp. nov., C. mucronalatus Taylor sp. nov., C. novacaledonica Taylor sp. nov. and C. warrigalensis Taylor sp. nov. The genus is characterised by the following combination of characters: antenna short, 1.1–1.5 times width of head, genal processes short, conical, 0.2–0.5 times length of vertex, fore wing with broadly rounded to subangular apex, mottled with dark markings (in females of most species) or clear (in males of most species), male proctiger short, with broad lateral expansions, parameres simple, and female proctiger short, broadly rounded, pointed apically and with a pair of broad, flange-shaped lateral lobes. A key to species is provided, together with notes on host associations and distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary Consequences of Dioecy in Angiosperms: the Effects of Breeding System on Speciation and Extinction Rates
    EVOLUTIONARY CONSEQUENCES OF DIOECY IN ANGIOSPERMS: THE EFFECTS OF BREEDING SYSTEM ON SPECIATION AND EXTINCTION RATES by JANA C. HEILBUTH B.Sc, Simon Fraser University, 1996 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of Zoology) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA July 2001 © Jana Heilbuth, 2001 Wednesday, April 25, 2001 UBC Special Collections - Thesis Authorisation Form Page: 1 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada http://www.library.ubc.ca/spcoll/thesauth.html ABSTRACT Dioecy, the breeding system with male and female function on separate individuals, may affect the ability of a lineage to avoid extinction or speciate. Dioecy is a rare breeding system among the angiosperms (approximately 6% of all flowering plants) while hermaphroditism (having male and female function present within each flower) is predominant. Dioecious angiosperms may be rare because the transitions to dioecy have been recent or because dioecious angiosperms experience decreased diversification rates (speciation minus extinction) compared to plants with other breeding systems.
    [Show full text]
  • (Prunus Subgenus Cerasus) Cultivars Using Nuclear SSR Markers
    Breeding Science 62: 248–255 (2012) doi:10.1270/jsbbs.62.248 Clone identification in Japanese flowering cherry (Prunus subgenus Cerasus) cultivars using nuclear SSR markers Shuri Kato*1), Asako Matsumoto1), Kensuke Yoshimura1), Toshio Katsuki2), Kojiro Iwamoto2), Yoshiaki Tsuda3), Shogo Ishio4), Kentaro Nakamura4), Kazuo Moriwaki5), Toshihiko Shiroishi6), Takashi Gojobori6) and Hiroshi Yoshimaru2) 1) Department of Forest Genetics, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan 2) Tama Forest Science Garden, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1833-81 Todorimachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0843, Japan 3) Department of Evolutionary Functional Genomics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden 4) Tsukuba Research Institute, Sumitomo Forestry Co., Ltd., 3-2, Midorigahara, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2646, Japan 5) RIKEN BioResource Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai,Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan 6) National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan Numerous cultivars of Japanese flowering cherry (Prunus subgenus Cerasus) are recognized, but in many cases they are difficult to distinguish morphologically. Therefore, we evaluated the clonal status of 215 des- ignated cultivars using 17 SSR markers. More than half the cultivars were morphologically distinct and had unique genotypes. However, 22 cultivars were found to consist of multiple clones, which probably originate from the chance seedlings, suggesting that their unique characteristics have not been maintained through propagation by grafting alone. We also identified 23 groups consisting of two or more cultivars with identical genotypes. Most members of these groups were putatively synonymously related and morphologically iden- tical. However, some of them were probably derived from bud sport mutants and had distinct morphologies.
    [Show full text]