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Cytogenetic Variability of European Tettigoniinae (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): Karyotypes, C- and Ag-NOR-Banding

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Cytogenetic Variability of European Tettigoniinae (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): Karyotypes, C- and Ag-NOR-Banding Folia biologica (Kraków), vol. 53 (2005), No 3-4 Cytogenetic Variability of European Tettigoniinae (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): Karyotypes, C- and Ag-NOR-banding El¿bieta WARCHA£OWSKA-ŒLIWA, Klaus-Gerhard HELLER, and Anna MARYAÑSKA-NADACHOWSKA Accepted September 6, 2005 WARCHA£OWSKA-ŒLIWA E., HELLER K-G., MARYAÑSKA-NADACHOWSKA A. 2005. Cytogenetic variability of European Tettigoniinae (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): karyotypes, C-and Ag-NOR-banding. Folia biol. (Kraków): 53: 161-171. Karyotypes, C-banding pattern and localization of nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) in 34 European species and subspecies belonging to the subfamily Tettigoniinae are described (the karyotypes of 26 species for the first time). In the males chromosome numbers vary from 2n=33 to 2n=23 and Fundamental Numbers (FN) from 36 to 27. The highest number of chromosomes for this group, 2n%=33 (FN=33), was found in Psorodonotus illyricus macedonicus. In species belonging to genera Decticus, Metrioptera, Anterastes, Bucephaloptera, Parapholidoptera, and Eupholidoptera, as well as in Pholidoptera frivaldskyi and Pholidoptera griseoaptera,a karyotype of 2n=30+X0 (FN=31) was found. Ph. macedonica and Ph. aptera aptera are characterized by 2n=28+X0 (FN=31). In species from genera Drymadusa (D. dorsalis limbata) 2n=26+X0: FN=30 and Gampsocleis (G. abbreviata), karyotypes of 2n=22+X0 (FN=36) were found. Ph. ma- cedonica and Ph. aptera aptera as well as G. abbreviata differ in karyotypes from other representatives of these genera. New data confirmed that Robertsonian fusions and tandem fusions played the most important role in the evolution of the chromosome set in Tettigoniinae. Cytogenetic similarities and differences between particular species are discussed. Key words: Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, katydids, karyotype, cytotaxonomy, C-banding, NOR. El¿bieta WARCHA£OWSKA-ŒLIWA, Anna MARYAÑSKA-NADACHOWSKA, Department of Experi- mental Zoology, Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Scien- ces, S³awkowska 17, 31-016 Kraków, Poland. E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Klaus-Gerhard HELLER, Department of Zoology II, University of Erlangen-Nûrnberg, E-mail: [email protected] The systematics of the subfamily Tettigoniinae, amined in this study. Chromosomal information including the former Decticinae, also sometimes has been demonstrated to be valuable taxonomi- considered as the family Tettigoniidae (HELLER et cally in a large range of vertebrates (FONTANA & al. 1998), are unsatisfactory at present. This refers RUBINI 1990; SMITH 1990; VOLLETH &HELLER to the level of subgenera and genera (e.g. the large 1994; RUMPLER Y. 2000) and arthropods (BLACKMAN genera Metrioptera/Platycleis or Pterolepis/Rha- 1980; PETITPIERRE 1997; SHAPOSHNIKOV et al. cocleis), but more importantly also to higher cate- 1998; WARCHA£OWSKA-ŒLLIWA E. 1998). gories. Information concerning which morphologi- The diploid number, chromosome morphology, cal characters – if any – can be used to reliably de- and the type of sex determination system of Tetti- fine groups of related genera and tribes is lacking goniinae in the Palaearctic have been described for (e.g. RENTZ &COLLESS 1990). Of course, rela- about 50 species of 22 genera, including 30 species tionships have been established for some groups of of 11 genera from Europe (JOHN &HEWITT 1968; genera, but for many they are missing. Careful CAMACHO et al. 1981; UESHIMA 1986; SOUTHERN morphological studies can sometimes improve the 1967; SERGEEV &BUGROV 1988; AREFJEV 1989; situation (see F. & L. WILLEMSE in preparation), WARCHA£OWSKA-ŒLIWA 1984, 1988, 1998; BUGROV but additional information would be highly wel- 1990; WARCHA£OWSKA-ŒLIWA &MICHAILOVA come. Therefore the karyotypes of 26 species of 1993; WARCHA£OWSKA-ŒLIWA &BUGROV 1996a; this group, previously undescribed, have been ex- WARCHA£OWSKA-ŒLIWA et al. 1987, 1992, 1994). 162 E. WARCHA£OWSKA-ŒLIWA et al. Table 1 General karyotypical features, C-heterochromatin patterns, and NORs in species of Tetti- goniinae (acro- acrocentric, subacro- subacrocentric, submeta- submetacentric, meta- metacentric, * intraspecific variation of C-heterochromatin) Numbers of individuals, 2n, References other Species collection FN C-bands NOR than this paper locality All paracentromeric thin, 4 males, 33, 33 Psorodonotus M M interstitial, illyricus macedonicus Greece all acro 2, 3 M2,M3, most of small bivalents telomeric All paracentromeric thin Decticus 2 males, 31,31 present paper & M interstitial, M4/5 WARCHA£OWSKA- verrucivorus Poland all acro 4/5 M3-M6 terminal thick -ŒLIWA 1984 1 male, 31, 31 Platycleis (Parnassiana) very small division, without C-bands tenuis Greece all acro Metrioptera 1 male, 1 female, 31, 31 All paracentromeric thin, roeselii ambitiosa Greece all acro L1, L2,M3, X telomeric thin Metrioptera 6 males, 31, 31 All paracentromeric thin, WARCHA£OWSKA- M3/4 roeselii roeselii Poland all acro L2*, M3,M4,M5*, X telomeric, -ŒLIWA 1984 Metrioptera 2 males, 31, 31 All paracentromeric thin, oblongicollis Greece all acro L1/2 telomeric All paracentromeric thin, present paper & Metrioptera 5 males, 31, 31 L2,M3,M4 *interstitial, brachyptera WARCHA£OWSKA- Slovakia all acro L2,(thin), M3,M4 (thick) telomeric, -ŒLIWA 1984 X near centromeric and telomeric Metrioptera 2 males, 31, 31 All paracentromeric thin, present paper & bicolor L *, L ,M,M M telomeric WARCHA£OWSKA- Poland all acro 1 2 3 4, 5 -ŒLIWA 1984 3 males, 1 Anterastes female, 31, 31 All paracentromeric thin, serbicus Greece all acro X thick centromeric and thin telomeric 1 male, 31, 31 Bucephaloptera All paracentromeric thin, bucephala Turkey all acro Parapholidoptera 1 male, 31, 31 Two medium size with thick signata Turkey all acro paracentromeric C-band, the rest thin 6 males, 1 All paracentromeric thin, Eupholidoptera 31, 31 female, M interstitial (subtelomeric) M3/4 epirotica all acro 3/4 Greece L1 telomeric heterozygous (two males) All paracentromeric thin, 2 males, 31, 31 Eupholidoptera M interstitial , tauricola Turkey all acro 3/4 L1* telomeric (both males) All paracentromeric thin, 5 males, 1 31, 31 Eupholidoptera female, M interstitial, smyrnensis all acro 3/4 Bulgaria L1 *telomeric (two males) All paracentromeric thin, 3 males, 31, 31 Eupholidoptera M interstitial chabrieri garganica Greece all acro 3/4 L1*telomeric (one males 20/04) Eupholidoptera 4 males, 31, 31 All paracentromeric thin, megastyla Greece all acro M3/4* interstitial (in one male (25 /03) Eupholidoptera 2 males, 31, 31 All paracentromeric thin, annulipes Turkey all acro M3/4 interstitial All paracentromeric thin, 2 males, 2 31, 31 Eupholidoptera sp. females M interstitial (subtelomeric) (ex Andros) all acro 3/4 Greece L1,L2 telomeric All paracentromeric thin, Eupholidoptera 5 males 31, 31 M3/4,M5 interstitial prasina Turkey all acro L1,L2,M3/4,M5 telomeric, X interstitial and telomeric Cytogenetic of European Tettigoniinae 163 Table 1 cont. All paracentromeric thin, Eupholidoptera 2 males, 31, 31 M3/4,M5 interstitial anatolica Turkey all acro L1,L2,M3/4,M5 telomeric X interstitial? All paracentromeric thin, Eupholidoptera 2 males, 31, 31 M interstitial, M3/4 mersinensis Turkey all acro 3/4 L1 –M7/8 telomeric All paracentromeric thin, Eupholidoptera 3 males, 31, 31 M4/5 interstitial M3/4 karabagi Turkey all acro L1,L2,M3, M4,M6/7 telomeric X interstitial 1 male, 31, 31 Eupholidoptera very small division, without C bands icariensis Greece all acro present paper & Pholidoptera 1 male, 31, 31 All paracentromeric thin, WARCHA£OWSKA- M3 frivaldskyi Greece all acro M3 interstitial thin -ŒLIWA,MICHAILOVA 1993 All paracentromeric thin, present paper & Pholidoptera 6 males, 31, 31 M giseoaptera M interstitial thin 3 WARCHA£OWSKA- Poland all acro 3 -ŒLIWA 1984 29, 31 All paracentromeric thin, Pholidoptera 2 males, L1 submeta; L1 telomeric macedonica Greece L2-S14 , X acro 29, 31 present paper & Pholidptera 4 males, L aptera aptera L1 submeta; All paracentromeric thin 1 WARCHA£OWSKA- Poland all acro -ŒLIWA 1988 27, 30 All paracentromeric thin, L1 meta/ Drymadusa 1 male, /submeta; M2 interstitial near centromeric dorsalis limbata Turkey L2-S13 acro; L1, M3-S13 telomeric (M3,4,5 thick) X submeta/ X telomeric in longer arm /subacro 25, 27 L1 meta; All paracentromeric medium size, 1 male, Pterolepis M2-S12, L interstitial + telomeric (in both arms) ferdinandi Greece X acro 1 B chromo- some 25, 27 Pterolepis 2 males, L1 meta; All paracentromeric medium size, germanica Greece M2-S12, L1 interstitial + telomeric (in both arms) X acro 25, 27 All paracentromeric medium size. Pterolepis 3 males, L1 meta; L1 interstitial+ telomeric (in both arms); insularis Greece M2-S12, M2,M3,M4 interstitial, X acro all telomeric thin 25, 27 Pterolepis 2 males, 1 female, L1 meta; All paracentromeric medium size, sp. nova Greece M2-S12, M2,M3,M4 interstitial and telomeric X acro 25, 27 All paracentromeric medium size, Pterolepis 3 males, L1 meta; L1 interstitial + interstitial (both arms), edentata Greece M2-S12, M2/3 interstitial, X acro M4/5 thick telomeric, X thin telomeric 23, 36 L1 submeta; M2,M6, All paracentromeric thin (excluding pair S ) Gampsocleis 3 males 7/8 M WARCHA£OWSKA- abbreviata M7,S9,S11 X,S telomeric thin 6 -ŒLIWA 1998 Greece X meta; 9 M3-M5,S8, S10 acro 164 E. WARCHA£OWSKA-ŒLIWA et al. The great majority of cytotaxonomic analyses Most of the European species of Tettigoniinae have been based on the conventional staining tech- analyzed in this paper in the genera Decticus, nique. Banding techniques such as C-banding and Platycleis, Metrioptera, Anterastes, Bucephalop- Ag-NOR-banding allow for a better characteriza- tera, Parapholidoptera, Eupholidoptera, and some tion of tettigonid karyotypes and selectively reveal species of Pholidoptera,have2n%=31 (FN=31; chromosome regions consisting of constitutive only acrocentric chromosomes) (Fig. 1). How- heterochromatin and NOR-sites of the RNA ever, in Pholidoptera macedonica, the chromo- genes. New cytological markers are useful for bet- some number is reduced to 2n%=29 (FN=31) with ter insight into the pathways by which the various one submetacentric pair (L1), similar to Ph. aptera karyotypes have evolved in Tettigoniidae.
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