DOCSLIB.ORG

Techno-Economic Analysis and Business Feasibility Study to Portable Polygeneration System for Construction Industry

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Techno-Economic Analysis and Business Feasibility Study to Portable Polygeneration System for Construction Industry DEGREE PROJECT IN TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, SECOND CYCLE, 30 CREDITS STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN 2016 TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND BUSINESS FEASIBILITY STUDY TO PORTABLE POLYGENERATION SYSTEM FOR CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY HAIKUO LIU KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT Techno-economic analysis and business feasibility study to portable polygeneration system for construction industry Haikuo Liu Master of Science Thesis KTH School of Industrial Engineering and Management Energy Technology EGI_2016-046 MSC EKV1145 Division of Heat and Power Technology SE-100 44 STOCKHOLM Master of Science Thesis EGI_2016-046 MSC EKV1145 Techno-economic analysis and business feasibility study to portable polygeneration system for construction industry Haikuo Liu Approved Examiner Supervisor 2016-08-22 Anders Malmquist Anders Malmquist Aapo Sääsk Commissioner Contact person Abstract Polygeneration technology is to utilize a single plant to offer multiple energy products, and the multiple processes are integrated into one system. In comparison with the single-product technology, polygeneration improves the system efficiency significantly since it has multiple outputs, and reduces the relevant capital and production cost accordingly. In this thesis, a polygeneration system was designed specifically for a project in construction industry and the business feasibility of the system was analyzed. The status quo and problems of present temporary power system were introduced and the idea of using polygeneration system as the substitute was described. A substation project in Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia was utilized as the reference to design the polygeneration system and to analyze the system’s technical and business feasibility. After the study of energy demand, 12 scenarios were proposed based on the available energy sources and commercialized technologies in the market. RETScreen 4 software was used to simulate proposed scenarios and relevant techno-economic discussion and analysis of the results were made. Based on “RETScreen 4” software’s simulation results, one optimized scenario was selected for the polygeneration system design and business feasibility analysis. A polygeneration system with two polygeneration sets were designed to meet energy demand of the reference project in this thesis. Considered the technical and economic information of the designed system, a business feasibility analysis of the polygeneration system for the construction industry was studied. As the last part of the thesis, a summary of business plan was made to the designed system based on the results of market research and business feasibility study. -2- Sammanfattning Polygenereringsteknik är att utnyttja en enda anläggning för att erbjuda flera energitjänster där multipla processer är integrerade i ett gemensamt system. I jämförelse med separata tekniklösningar, förbättrar polygenerering systemets effektivitet avsevärt eftersom flera tjänster produceras och kapital- och produktionskostnadernadärmed minskar. I denna avhandling har ett polygenereringssystem utformats speciellt för ett projekt i byggbranschen och lämpligheten hos systemet har analyserats. Status quo och problem med nuvarande tillfälliga kraftsystemet togs med i analysen och idén att använda polygenereringssystemet som substitut har beskrivits. Ett ställverksprojekt i Al Kharj, Saudi Arabien användes som referens för att utforma polygenereringssystemet och för att analysera systemets tekniska och affärsmässiga genomförbarhet. Efter studier av efterfrågan på energi, har 12 scenarier föreslagits baserat på tillgängliga energikällor och kommersialiserade teknologier på marknaden. “RETScreen 4” programvaran användes för att simulera föreslagna scenarier och en teknisk-ekonomisk diskussion och analys av resultaten gjordes. Baserat på RETScreen 4 programvarans simuleringsresultat, har ett optimalt scenario valts för design av ett polygenereringsystem och en affärsgenomförbarhetsstudie har utförts. Ett polygenereringssystem med två uppsättningar av polygenerernde subsystem har utformats för att möta efterfrågan på energi hos referensprojektet i denna avhandling. Med hänsyn taget till de tekniska och ekonomiska uppgifterna i det utformade systemet, har realiseringen av polygenereringssystemet för byggindustrin studerats. Den sista delen av avhandlingen utgör en sammanfattning av affärsplanen för det utformade systemet baserat på resultaten av marknadsundersökningar och en affärsförstudie. -3- Acknowledgement The author would like to give the sincere gratitude to Professor Anders Malmquist (KTH) and Mr. Aapo Sääsk (Scarab Development AB) for the supervision to this thesis. The thesis’ preparation and production also benefited from polygeneration research activities from “KIC Innoenergy”, “Renewable Energy Programme”, and “STandUP for energy projects”. The author would like to thank Al Kharj project team, Saudi Arabia Energy and Infrastructure Company (EICO) and Mrs. Qixan Yang The author would like to extend his gratitude to Professor Manuel Rubio (UCLV, Santa Clara, Cuba) and Dr. Alaa Kullab (KTH) for their valuable help and guidance. The author also would like to extend his gratitude to Scarab Development AB for its helps and feedbacks on the AGMD technologies. Haikuo Liu Stockholm, August 2016 -4- Nomenclature Notations and Abbreviations that are used in this Master thesis are listed as below. Notations Symbol Description mS/cm milli-Siemens per centimeter (conductivity) $ US dollar Abbreviations AC Air Conditioner AGMD Air Gap Membrane Distillation AIIB Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank AM Air Mass APAC Asian and Pacific Coasts ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate CHP Combined Heat and Power COP Coefficient of Performance CPV Concentration Photovoltaics CPV/T Concentrating Photovoltaic Thermal System CSP Concentrating Solar Power CXM Customer Experience Management DCMD Direct Contact Membrane Distillation Dia. Diameter EES Electrical Energy Storage EICO Energy and Infrastructure Company ENR Engineering News-Record GDP Gross Domestic Product Genset Generator Set HCPV High Concentration Photovoltaics ICE Internal Combustion Engine IRENA International Renewable Energy Agency LHV Low Heating Value -5- LNG Liquefied Natural Gas LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas MD Membrane Distillation MEA Middle East and Africa MJSC Multijunction Solar Cells MSW Municipal Solid Waste MVP Minimum Viable Product N/A Not Applicable NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration ORC Organic Rankie Cycle PEFC Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells PH Potential of Hydrogen PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene Polyset Polygeneration Set PV Photovoltaics R&D Research and Development RO Reverse Osmosis SGMD Sweep Gas Membrane Distillation SLFC Swim Lane Flowchart SOFC Solid Oxide Fuel Cells STS Solar Thermal System S.W.O.T Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat Temp. Temperature TDS Total Dissolved Solids TOC Total Organic Carbon US United States VMD Vacuum Membrane Distillation WHO World Health Organization -6- Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Sammanfattning ............................................................................................................................................................. 3 Acknowledgement ......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Nomenclature ................................................................................................................................................................ 5 List of figures ............................................................................................................................................................... 10 List of tables ................................................................................................................................................................. 11 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 12 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................................12 1.2 Objective ....................................................................................................................................................13 1.3 Delimitations ..............................................................................................................................................13 1.4 Methodology ..............................................................................................................................................13 1.4.1 Polygeneration system design ........................................................................................................14 1.4.2 Market survey and interviews .........................................................................................................14 1.4.3 Business feasibility study and business plan ................................................................................14 2 Problem identification ....................................................................................................................................... 15 2.1 Diesel genset in construction
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hanergy Solar 566 Hk
    18 NOVEMBER 2013 HONGINITIATION KONG / ALTERNATIVE 34 TAIWAN ENERGY /TECHNOLOGY HANERGY SOLAR 566 HK HOW WE DIFFER FROM CONSENSUS MARKET RECS TARGET PRICE HKD1.34 TARGET PRICE (%) 52 POSITIVE 1 HOLD CLOSE HKD1.25 EPS 2013 (%) NA NEUTRAL 0 UP/DOWNSIDE +7.4% CHANGEPRIOR TP IN TP HKD % EPS 2014 (%) NA NEGATIVE 1 Wait on the sidelines KEY STOCK DATA YE Dec (HKD m) 2012A 2013E 2014E 2015E Revenue 2,756 4,556 5,275 6,182 n Downstream business is still too small to move the needle The 1H results were a surprise, with sales and profit growing 86% Rec. net profit 1,316 2,955 2,985 3,264 and 165% h-h. Momentum is likely to persist in 2H13 thanks to a Recurring EPS (HKD) 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.12 stable equipment business. However, concerns lie in the fact that EPS growth (%) 47.0 8.0 1.0 9.4 parent company Hanergy Group (not listed , 63% stake) is also the Recurring P/E (x) 12.8 11.8 11.7 10.7 sole customer. High reliance on the parent is a double-edged sword: Dividend yield (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Hanergy Solar receives both technical and financial support, but does not have total control over its business strategy. Expansion into EV/EBITDA (x) 9.5 7.0 8.6 7.2 downstream solar farms is a way out, as it could diversify the Price/book (x) 1.4 2.2 1.8 1.6 customer base, yet at 7% of projected sales in 2014, it is still too Net debt/Equity (%) (6.2) (14.2) (1.8) (4.8) small to move the needle.
    [Show full text]
  • HANERGY THIN FILM POWER GROUP LIMITED 漢能薄膜發電集團有限公司 (Incorporated in Bermuda with Limited Liability) (Stock Code: 566)
    Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited and The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited take no responsibility for the contents of this announcement, make no representation as to its accuracy or completeness and expressly disclaim any liability whatsoever for any loss howsoever arising from or in reliance upon the whole or any part of the contents of this announcement. HANERGY THIN FILM POWER GROUP LIMITED 漢能薄膜發電集團有限公司 (Incorporated in Bermuda with limited liability) (Stock code: 566) ANNOUNCEMENT OF 2018 RESULTS The board of directors (the “Board”) of Hanergy Thin Film Power Group Limited (the “Company”) hereby announces the consolidated results of the Company and its subsidiaries (collectively the “Group”) for the year ended 31 December 2018 with comparative figures in 2017 as follows: CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME For the year ended 31 December 2018 2018 2017 Notes HK$’000 HK$’000 Revenue from contracts with customers 4 21,251,772 6,147,385 Cost of sales (9,129,410) (3,472,144) Gross profit 12,122,362 2,675,241 Other income and gains 224,130 76,470 Loss on disposal of subsidiaries, net – (5,568) Selling and distribution expenses (854,160) (414,463) Administrative expenses (2,250,896) (990,090) Research and development costs (1,050,418) (621,678) Other expenses (578,673) (214,449) Finance costs (41,849) (59,339) PROFIT BEFORE TAX 5 7,570,496 446,124 Income tax expense 6 (2,377,428) (185,092) PROFIT FOR THE YEAR 5,193,068 261,032 1 2018 2017 Notes HK$’000 HK$’000 OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS)/ INCOME
    [Show full text]
  • ANJIE Law FIRM
    E: [email protected] T: +44 (0)20 7396 9292 F: +44 (0)20 7396 9300 @TheLegal500 ASIA PACIFIC The Legal 500 Asia Pacific 2019 The clients’ guide to law firms ANJIE LAW FIRM • Antitrust/competition • Banking and finance 19F, TOWER D1, LIANGMAQIAO DIPLOMATIC BUILDING, • Dispute resolution No.19 DONGFANGDONGLU, • Corporate and M&A CHAOYANG DISTRICT, BEIJING 100600, CHINA • Intellectual property • Labour and employment Tel: +86 10 8567 5988 Fax: +86 10 8567 5999 • TMT legal500.com E: [email protected] T: +44 (0)20 7396 9292 F: +44 (0)20 7396 9300 @TheLegal500 ANJIE LAW FIRM 19F, TOWER D1, LIANGMAQIAO DIPLOMATIC BUILDING, NO.19 DONGFANGDONGLU, CHAOYANG DISTRICT, BEIJING 100600, CHINA T: +86 10 8567 5988 F: +86 10 8567 5999 THE FIRM AnJie Law Firm is an elite PRC law firm providing full services to both international and domestic clients including Fortune 500 companies, large state-owned enterprises, financial institutions, as well as leading private companies. Since its establishment, AnJie has been growing rapidly and soundly with currently more than 300 professionals. AnJie’s lawyers are well- regarded experts in their professional fields. Based on their deep understanding of the regulatory landscape and strong practical experience, they have handled numerous high-stakes cases in Chinese court. AnJie lawyers are often consulted by regulators on leading legal and policy issues, and have built strong work relationships with government agencies and industry regulatory bodies. All partners at AnJie Law Firm have worked in leading international and domestic law firms, and many are qualified to practice both in China and abroad. AnJie lawyers frequently speak at major international legal and business conferences and actively contribute to well-known legal and academic journals.
    [Show full text]
  • Expanding the Photovoltaic Supply Chain in the United States: Opportunities and Challenges
    Expanding the Photovoltaic Supply Chain in the United States: Opportunities and Challenges Brittany L. Smith and Robert Margolis NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Technical Report Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy NREL/TP-6A20-73363 Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC July 2019 This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Expanding the Photovoltaic Supply Chain in the United States: Opportunities and Challenges Brittany L. Smith and Robert Margolis Suggested Citation Smith, Brittany L., and Robert Margolis. (2019). Expanding the Photovoltaic Supply Chain in the United States: Opportunities and Challenges. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-73363. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy19osti/73363.pdf. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Technical Report Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy NREL/TP-6A20-73363 Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC July 2019 This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy National Renewable Energy Laboratory Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden, CO 80401 Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov NOTICE This work was authored by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, operated by Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC36- 08GO28308. Funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Solar Energy Technologies Office.
    [Show full text]
  • Hanwall Product Catalog Hanergy / Hanwall
    HANWALL PRODUCT CATALOG HANERGY / HANWALL ABOUT HANERGY Hanergy Thin Film Power Group, one of the world’s leading thin-film solar power corporations, has now Automobile • Thin-film Solar Solution established itself as the leader in the global thin- film solar power industry, committing to “change the world with thin-film solar”. Since 2009, the group has been focusing on the field of thin-film solar energy, taking the initiative to invest, research and develop the most advanced thin-film solar technology and disrupting the traditional “mobile Shared Bicycle • Thin-film Solar Solution energy” industry. In 2017, “mobile energy” became part of national strategy and was first explicitly proposed as an important part of promoting the energy supply revolution in a State Council document. By focusing on thin-film solar energy as its main strategic channel, Hanergy has been able to use it’s world-leading technology to cover the integration Household Use • Thin-film Solar Solution of the whole industrial chain, including technology research and development, high-end equipment manufacturing, component production, application product development, and develop into a world- leading thin-film solar technology enterprise. Thin-film Solar Clothing LEADING TECHNOLOGY Hanergy has successively acquired and merged with Germany’s Solibro, USA’s MiaSolé, Global Solar Energy and Alta Devices, setting up eight R&D centers in the whole world along the way. Through Public Facilities • Thin-film Solar the integration of these global technologies and Solution continuous independent innovation, Hanergy holds five world records for thin-film solar power generation efficiency, among which, Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) components received the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) certification for the highest conversion efficiency of 31.6%, Commercial Use • Thin-film Solar HanWall breaking the world record multiple times.
    [Show full text]
  • Audi Models with a Solar Roof: Car Manufacturer Cooperates with Hanergy
    Audi MediaInfo Corporate Communications Elise Pham Press Spokeswoman Procurement Telephone: +49 841 89 48168 E-mail: [email protected] www.audi-mediacenter.com Audi models with a solar roof: Car manufacturer cooperates with Hanergy Audi and Alta Devices, subsidiary of Hanergy, integrate thin-film solar cells into panoramic glass roofs Board of Management Member for Procurement Dr. Bernd Martens: “Solar technology extends the range of our electric vehicles and is also sustainable” First joint prototype by the end of 2017 Ingolstadt/Beijing/Sunnyvale, August 23, 2017 – Thin-film solar cells in panoramic glass roofs of Audi models: Audi and Alta Devices, a subsidiary of the Chinese solar-cell specialist, Hanergy, are working together on this development project. With this cooperation, the partners aim to generate solar energy to increase the range of electric vehicles. The first prototype is to be built by the end of 2017. As the first step, Audi and Hanergy want to integrate Alta Devices’ thin-film solar cells into a panoramic glass roof. In the future, almost the entire roof surface is to be covered with solar cells. The electricity they generate will flow into the car’s electrical system and can supply for example the air-conditioning system or the seat heaters – a gain in efficiency that has a direct positive impact on the range of an electric vehicle. “The range of electric cars plays a decisive role for our customers. Together with Hanergy, we plan to install innovative solar technology in our electric cars that will extend their range and is also sustainable,” stated Audi Board of Management Member for Procurement Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • This Document Is Important and Requires Your Immediate Attention
    THIS DOCUMENT IS IMPORTANT AND REQUIRES YOUR IMMEDIATE ATTENTION If you are in any doubt as to any aspect of this Scheme Document or as to the action to be taken, you should consult a licensed securities dealer, or other registered institution in securities, a bank manager, solicitor, professional accountant, or other professional adviser. If you have sold or transferred all your shares in Hanergy Thin Film Power Group Limited, you should at once hand this Scheme Document and the accompanying forms of proxy to the purchaser or the transferee or to the licensed securities dealer or registered institution in securities or other agent through whom the sale or transfer was effected for transmission to the purchaser or the transferee. This Scheme Document does not constitute an offer or invitation to, nor is it intended to invite offers by, the public to subscribe for or to purchase shares or other securities of Hanergy Thin Film Power Group Limited and it must not be used for the purpose of offering or inviting offers for any securities. Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited, The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited and Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited take no responsibility for the contents of this Scheme Document, make no representation as to its accuracy or completeness and expressly disclaim any liability whatsoever for any loss howsoever arising from or in reliance upon the whole or any part of the contents of this Scheme Document. 漢能移動能源控股集團有限公司 HANERGY MOBILE ENERGY HANERGY THIN FILM POWER GROUP LIMITED HOLDING GROUP
    [Show full text]
  • Defect-Engineered Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells Session: Wafer Based
    Faculty of Engineering School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering Defect-Engineered Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells Session: Wafer based 3rd International Workshop on SHJ Solar Cells 20th October 2020 Associate Professor Brett Hallam Dr. Matthew Wright, Dr. Anastasia Soeriyadi, Dr. Brendan Wright, Chukwuka Madumelu, Bruno Vicari Stefani Key challenges for SHJ solar cells • Wafer cost is ~8% higher for n-type than p-type Cz (2018 figures) • Updated cost to be presented in 20 minutes! LONGi Solar, presentation at the 2018 Silicon PV Conference 2 Key challenges for SHJ solar cells • Wafer cost is ~8% higher for n-type than p-type Cz (2018 figures)​ • Are we maximising the efficiency of SHJ cells? • Potential for reduced LCOE by increasing efficiency • Targeting >24% mass production (need to be 1-2% higher than PERC) 24.5 24.0 23.5 23.0 22.5 22.0 Efficiency (%) Efficiency 21.5 Cert. in Japan “Golden” Best Prod. Cert. “golden” Ave. Guarantee Best Best Ave. Ave. Tongwei Best Pilot. ave. Turnkey Prod. Prod. R&D MBB 244 cm2 Prod. prod. prod. Hanergy MB 24% Sunpreme INES MB Jinergy MB GS Hevel GS Sunpreme 24.32% 24% 23.9% 23.9% 23.5% 23% 23.3 22.8% 22.3% http://taiyangnews.info/technology/latest-record-performances-of-hjt-solar-cells/ 3 Updated figure for MB from PV IndiaTech 2019. Updated number from Hevel and Tongwei at 3rd international SHJ workshop. Key challenges for SHJ solar cells • Wafer cost is ~8% higher for n-type than p-type Cz (2018 figures)​ • Are we maximising the efficiency of SHJ cells? • Potential for reduced LCOE by increasing efficiency • Targeting >24% mass production (need to be 1-2% higher than PERC) • Consumption of rare materials • Ag (~2x PERC usage) and indium usage • Need to target <5 mg/W for a 3 TW PV market [1] • <30 mg Ag total for a SHJ cell (15 mg per side – 40 fingers/side at 40 μm wide x 20 μm high) nd [1] Oral presentation by P.
    [Show full text]
  • Gaokao Without Distraction
    1 Talking Point 5 Week in 60 Seconds 6 China Ink Week in China 7 China and the World 8 Energy and Resources 9 Banking and Finance 10 China Consumer 11 Rail and Infrastructure 12 Economy 15 June 2012 13 Society and Culture Issue 154 17 And Finally www.weekinchina.com 18 The Back Page Outlook overcast? m o c . n i e t s p e a t i n e b . w w w US slaps tariffs on China’s silicon panels as Hanergy acquires a German solar firm Brought to you by Week in China Talking Point 15 June 2012 Light warfare Unfazed by new US tariffs, Hanergy positions itself for solar dominance Panel discussion: Chinese firms are accused of dumping their solar products in America his week WiC introduces the But only a few days before Soli - Billing itself as China’s largest TBayerischer Klaps-Tanz as a bro’s rescue, another German non-state-owned enterprise in management tool. For those more solar manufacturer was in the clean power, Hanergy was estab - attuned to McKinsey terminology, mood for slapping. Its US sub - lished as a hydropower firm in this one translates from German as sidiary led a campaign against its 1994. Later it branched out into the Bavarian Slap Dance. We think Chinese rivals, claiming price wind farms before making a bigger this folk jig is particularly worthy dumping and unfair subsidies. move (not much more than two of study for the bosses of Chinese The US authorities agreed, im - years ago) into solar, with a series solar firms.
    [Show full text]
  • Challenges for the Future of Tandem Photovoltaics on the Path to Terawatt Levels: a Technology Review
    Challenges for the future of tandem photovoltaics on the path to terawatt levels: A technology review Filipe Martinho Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Corresponding author: Filipe Martinho ([email protected]) Abstract As the photovoltaic sector approaches 1 TW in cumulative installed capacity, we provide an overview of the current challenges to achieve further technological improvements. On the raw materials side, we see no fundamental limitation to expansion in capacity of the current market technologies, even though basic estimates predict that the PV sector will become the largest consumer of Ag in the world after 2030. On the other hand, recent market data on PV costs indicates that the largest cost fraction is now infrastructure and area-related, and nearly independent of the core cell technology. Therefore, additional value adding is likely to proceed via an increase in energy yield metrics such as the power density and/or efficiency of the PV module. However, current market technologies are near their fundamental detailed balance efficiency limits. The transition to multijunction PV in tandem configurations is regarded as the most promising path to surpass this limitation and increase the power per unit area of PV modules. So far, each specific multijunction concept faces particular obstacles that have prevented their upscaling, but the field is rapidly improving. In this review work, we provide a global comparison between the different types of multijunction concepts, including III-Vs, Si- based tandems and the emergence of perovskite/Si devices. Coupled with analyses of new notable developments in the field, we discuss the challenges common to different multijunction cell architectures, and the specific challenges of each type of device, both on a cell level and on a module integration level.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Market Commentary Mar. 2015
    SuMi TRUST Chinese Commentary March 2015 Key Points 1. China’s economy under the “New Normal” A summary of China’s 2014 economy would be “weak investments, stable consumption and an enlarged trade surplus”. After nearly 30 years of high growth, the Chinese economy has started to slow down and enter a stage of “New Normal”. What does this mean for China going forward and what should investors look out for? 2. Stock in Focus: Hanergy Thin Film Power (00566.HK) We take an in-depth look at Hanergy: the largest thin-film solar enterprise in China. At the end of 2014, the market value of Hanergy surpassed the HKD 100 billion mark, and the company is committed to the continued acquisition of advanced technology, expansion in the overseas market, and high-growth in the clean energy sector. 3. Stock Market Review (2014.11-2015.2) The Shanghai Composite Index (SHCI) rose 36.78% while the Shenzhen Component Index (SZCI) rose 42.94% during the period Nov. 2014 to Feb. 2015. We review recent market movements for the start of 2015. Cover 1. China’s economy under the “New Normal” After nearly 30 years of high growth, the Chinese economy has started to slow down and enter a “New Normal”* phase. According to official statistics released on January 20th 2015, the Q4 GDP growth rate for 2014 was 7.3% while annual GDP growth was 7.4%. This was lower than the 7.7% recorded in both 2012 and 2013. The main driver behind this growth was the services industry, but in 2014 the tertiary industry constituted 51.6% of GDP (the secondary industry constituted 43.2%; see chart below).
    [Show full text]
  • China's Global Power Database Methodological Note
    Global Development Policy Center DATABASE CODING MANUAL • 09/2020 China’s Global Power Database Methodological Note ZHONGSHU LI, XINYUE MA, AND KEVIN GALLAGHER 1 Overview of the Database The China’s Global Power (CGP) database records all power projects around the world involving Chinese capital, including foreign direct investment (FDI) and pub- lic finance through Chinese national development bank and export-import credit agency. All project attributes can be categorized into three sections. The first sec- tion includes the fundamental information about the status of the power plant, such as its name, location, capacity, technology type, the year of commission, and estimated carbon dioxide emissions for fossil plants. The second section includes information on if the project involves Chinese foreign direct investment, such as the name of Chinese investor, whether the project is greenfield or M&A, and the share of Chinese investment in the project. The third section includes information on if the project receives Chinese public finance, such as the loan provider and recipient. A detailed list of the project attributes can be found in the appendix. The data col- lection processes for projects involving foreign direct investment is different from the projects involving Chinese policy finance. Their methodologies are described separately in section 2. www.bu.edu/gdp 2 Methodology of Data Collection for FDI Projects Figure 1 shows an overview of the methodology for our database. Section 2.1 dis- cusses how we generated the initial list of projects through three steps. Section 2.2 and 2.3 discuss how we expanded the initial list of projects to include investment details and carbon dioxide emissions for every project on the list.
    [Show full text]