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Myriophyllum Spicatum, Focusing on Acentria Ephemerella, in Otsego Lake, Summer 1997

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Myriophyllum Spicatum, Focusing on Acentria Ephemerella, in Otsego Lake, Summer 1997 80 REPORTS: An inventory ofmeroplankton associated with Myriophyllum spicatum, focusing on Acentria ephemerella, in Otsego Lake, summer 1997 Mary Miner· INTRODUCTION Myriophyllum spicatum, commonly known as Eurasion Watermilfoil, was first documented in Otsego Lake in 1986 (Dayton and Smith, 1986). It has since become a nuisance to lakeside residents, in places forming thick mats at the surface which potentially hinder boat travel and decrease property value. With a photosynthetic rate two to six times that of native plants (Anon, 1986), and an earlier annual period of growth (Hutchinson, 1975), M spicatum reduces native plants' chance to compete for light and space. The spread of M spicatum was closely monitored after its discovery. Subsequent growth and mapping of its distribution were recorded in 1987. At this time, clones of milfoil were found only in the northern part ofthe Lake (Merrifield and Harman, 1988). By 1988 it wasnoted that M spicatum had inhabited all substrates suitable for it's growth within the Lake, including the south end (Stalter, 1989). In the summer of 1990, the percent cover of M spicatum at four sites showed that it was a dominant species throughout the littoral zone (Sanders, 1990). It has been observed that M spicatum has not created as large a problem in Otsego as it has in many other lakes. It has been proposed that this is due to the presence ofAcentria ephemerella, a lepidopteran which, in its larval stage, feeds on the meristematic region of milfoil (Harman, 1998). The larvae's feeding habits cause the plants to grow laterally rather than vertically. The result is shorter clones of M spicatum which do not reach the surface of the water. This years study focuses on the meroplankton found to inhabit M spicatum beds, with emphasis placed on evaluating the densities ofA. ephemerella. Meroplankton (defined as the macroinvertebrate community living in direct association with macrophyte beds) were surveyed at four sites on Otsego Lake. The selected sites were dominated by milfoil. Special attention was paid to Acentria to investigate whether or not it may be controlling the growth of M spicatum. • F.H.V. Mecklenburg Conservation Fellow, summer 1997. Present affiliation: Cooperstown Central High School. 81 MATERIALS AND METHODS On July 11,24, and August 7, 1997, four sites, accessed by boat, were chosen for the purpose of finding representative areas from which to sample M spicatum. The sites were located at the north and south ends of the Lake, Rat Cove and Hyde Bay (Figure 1). At each location, M spicatum was collected by hand and placed in 5 gallon buckets. The milfoil was covered with water and allowed to sit for a period of 2 to 4 days so that the invertebrates would come loose from the plants. At the end of this period, each bucket was sorted through by hand and the meroplankton was extracted. The invertebrates were placed in 70% ethanol for later identification. The milfoil was saved to be dried and weighed in order to attempt to normalize animal densities. The meroplankton were identified (Merritt, 1996), (Pennak, 1989) and sorted according to site, date and taxon. Their numbers and weights were recorded in order to find the biomass per unit of milfoil (dry weight) at each site. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table 1 shows the taxa encountered during this study. Tables 2-13 show the biomass of species found per biomass of milfoil for each site on all three dates. Differing amounts of milfoil were collected at each site. Therefore, grams of species per kilogram of milfoil was determined in order to present the data semi-quantitatively. Information about Hyde Bay is synthesized in Tables 2-4; the north site in 5-7; Rat Cove in 8-10; and the south site in 11-13 (See Figure 1 for site locations). Milfoil was found to be dense at the site on the North end of the Lake, Hyde Bay, and in Rat Cove. Hyde bay was the only site having significant representatives of other macrophyte species. At the South end of the Lake, milfoil clones were significantly less dense than in the other three sampling sites. Several observations of milfoil were made upon each collecting date. The beds ofM spicatum were noticeably thicker later in the season. It was also observed that the clones of milfoil did not create large mats at the surface at any sites. In Hyde Bay, Rat Cove, and the south site, the milfoil did not reach the surface, and rarely did so at the north site. On July 11, Acentria was found only in Rat Cove and the north site. On July 24, it was found in the two previous sites as well as in the south site. During the second sampling, Acentria were discovered to be much more numerous. The third sampling found Acentria equally as numerous as in the second sampling. Rat Cove and the north site were the only sites in which Acentria was found on all three dates. The explanation for the low numbers ofAcentria on the first collecting date was that the species were at the end oftheir first 1997 generation. The second and third collecting dates 82 Otsego Lake Rat Cove Site o 1 f<M L __J 1I11\1'KOHl/) RflY South Site r.USOUF.II/\NN/\ nIvr 1\ Figure 1: Sites of M. spicatum collection on July 11, July 24, and August 7, 1997. *-Site location 83 All Sites, Summer 1997 TAXA July 11 July 24 August 7 Platyhelminthes Turbellaria ~ Tricladida Planariidae .. .. .. Annelida Hirudinea Pharyngobdellida Erpobdellidae .. .. Rhynchobdellida Glossiphoniidae Helobdelfa stagnalis .. .. Oligochaeta Haplotaxida Naididae .. .. .. Mollusca Gastropoda Basommatrophora Planorbidae Gyraulus parvus .. .. .. Physidae Physa integra .. .. .. Mesogastropoda Hydrobiidae Amnicola limosa .. .. .. Arthropoda Arachnida Acariformes .. .. .. Crustacea Amphipoda Talitridae Hyalelfa azteca .. .. .. Isopoda Asellidae Caecidota .. Insecta Ephemeroptera Caenidae Caenis .. .. .. TABLE 1: Taxa ofall sites, summer 1997 84 TAXA July 11 July 24 August 7 Odonata (Anisoptera) Libellulidae * Odonata ( Zygoptera) Coenagrionidae Coenagrion or Enallagma * * * Hemiptera Mesoveliidae Mesovelia * Lepidoptera Nepticulidae * * * Pyralidae Acentria * * * Trichoptera Leptoceridae Mystacides * Oecetis * * * Hydroptilidae * Agraylea * Orthotrichia * * * Coleoptera Curculionidae * * * Diptera * Ceratapogonidae * Chironomidae * * * Empididae * TABLE 1 (continued): Taxa of all sites, summer 1997 85 Otsego Lake Hyde Bay-July 11, 1997 TAXA Number In grams g/ko milfoil IPlatyhelmInthes Turbellaria Tricladlda Planariidae 7 0.0094 0.0001 Mollusca Gastropoda Basommatrophora Planorbidae Gyraulus parvus 7 0.0237 0.0003 Mesogastropoda Hydrobiidae Amnicola limosa 4 0.0375 0.0005 Arthropoda Arachnida Acariformes 5 0.0020 0.00003 Crustacea Amphipoda Talitridae Hya/ella azteca 9 0.0056 0.0001 Insecta Ephemeroptera Caenidae Caenis 2 0.0028 0.00004 Diptera Chironomidae 7 0.0074 0.0001 TABLE 2: Taxa of Otsego Lake Hyde Bay, July 11, 1997 86 Otsego Lake Hyde Bay-July 24, 1997 TAXA Number In grams g\kg milfoil IPlatyhelminthes Turbellaria Tricladida Planariidae 176 0.1989 2.5235 Annelida . Oligochaeta Haplotaxida Naididae 7 0.0006 0.0076 Mollusca Gastropoda Basommatrophora Planorbidae Gyraulus parvus 38 0.0653 0.8285 Physidae Physa integra 1 0.0024 0.0304 Mesogastropoda Hydrobiidae Amnicola limosa 18 0.1844 2.3395 Arthropoda Crustacea Amphipoda Talitridae Hyalella azteca 7 0.0019 0.0241 Insecta Ephemeroptera Caenidae Caenis 1 0.0017 0.0216 Trichoptera Leptoceridae Oecetis 1 0.0040 0.0507 Diptera Chironomidae 6 0.0010 0.0127 TABLE 3: Taxa of Otsego Lake Hyde Bay, July 24,1997 87 -- Otsego Lake Hyde Bay-August 7, 1997 TAXA Number In grams g/kg milfoil If-'Iatyhelmlnthes Turbellaria ~ Tricladida Planariidae 130 0.1026 0.0006 Annelida Oligochaeta Haplotaxida Naididae 2 <.0001 <.0001 Mollusca Gastropoda Basommatrophora Planorbidae Gyraulus parvus 73 0.1330 0.0008 Mesogastropoda Hydrobiidae Amnicola limosa 13 0.0289 0.0002 Arthropoda Arachnida Acariformes 1 0.0008 0.000005 Crustacea Amphipoda Talitridae Hya/ella azteca 7 0.0024 0.00001 Insecta Lepidoptera Pyralidae Acentria 1 0.0159 0.0001 Diptera Chironomidae 12 0.013 0.0001 TABLE 4: Taxa of Otsego Lake Hyde Bay, August 7, 1997 88 Otsego Lake North-July 11, 1997 TAXA Number In grams klkg milfoil Platyhelminthes Turbellaria Tricladida Planariidae 17 0.0272 0.1967 Annelida Hirudinea Rhynchobdellida Glossiphoniidae Helobdella stagnalis 2 0.0135 0.0976 Oligochaeta Haplotaxida Naididae 3 <.0001 <.0001 Mollusca Gastropoda Basommatrophora Planorbidae Gyraulus parvus 4 0.0079 0.0571 Mesogastropoda Hydrobiidae Amnicola limosa 1 0.0106 0.0767 Arthropoda Arachnida Acariformes 1 0.0004 0.0029 Crustacea Amphipoda Talitridae Hyalella azteca 11 0.0093 0.0673 Insecta Hemiptera Mesoveliidae Mesovelia 1 0.0007 0.0051 Lepidoptera Nepticulidae 4 0.0097 0.0702 Pyralidae Acentria 1 0.0003 0.0022 Trichoptera Leptoceridae Mystacides 1 0.0083 0.0600 Oecetis 1 0.0012 0.0087 Hydroptilidae Orthotrichia 8 0.0052 0.0376 Diptera Chironomidae 10 0.0024 0.0174 TABLE 5: Taxa of Otsego Lake North, July 11, 1997 89 -- Otsego Lake North-July 24, 1997 TAXA Number In grams g/kg milfoil _... PlalYflelminthes Turbellaria Tricladida Planariidae 223 0.2894 1.1870 Annelida Hirudinea Pharyngobdellida Erpobdellidae 1 0.0007 0.0029 Rhynchobdellida Glossiphoniidae He/obdella stagnalis 1 0.0195 0.0800 Oligochaeta Haplotaxida Naididae 4 0.0004 0.0016 Mollusca Gastropoda Basommartrophora Planorbidae Gyraulus parvus 31 0.0691 0.2834 Physidae Physa integra 16 0.0490 0.2010 Mesogastropoda Hydrobiidae Amnico/a limosa 13 0.1783 0.7313 Arthropoda Arachnida Acariformes 6 0.0025 0.0103 Crustacea Amphipoda Talitridae
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