Technical Assistance Consultant's Report NEPAL: Preparing the Secondary Towns Integrated Urban Environmental Improvement Proje
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Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 36188 November 2008 NEPAL: Preparing the Secondary Towns Integrated Urban Environmental Improvement Project (Financed by the: Japan Special Fund and the Netherlands Trust Fund for the Water Financing Partnership Facility) Prepared by: Padeco Co. Ltd. in association with Metcon Consultants, Nepal Tokyo, Japan For Department of Urban Development and Building Construction This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and th e Gove rnment can not be held lia ble f or its contents. (Fo r p roject p reparatory techni cal assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design. TA 7182-NEP PREPARING THE SECONDARY TOWNS INTEGRATED URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT V o l u m e 11: BIRATNAGAR SURVEY DATA in association with TA 7182-NEP PREPARING THE SECONDARY TOWNS INTEGRATED URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT FINAL REPORT Volume 11: Biratnagar Survey Data June 2010 Prepared for the Asian Development Bank and the Government of Nepal in association with Tsunashima No. 2 Building METCON Consultants 3-20-12 Yushima P.O. Box 4412 Bunkyo-ku 43 / 15 Dandibaba Marg, Tangal, Tokyo 113-0034 Kathmadu-2, Japan Nepal Tel: +81-3-5812-1091 Tel: +977-1-441-2902 Fax: +81-3-5812-1092 Fax: +977-1- 441-8478 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Acronyms ADB Asian Development Bank CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of all Kinds of Discrimination against Women CLBSA Community Led Basic Sanitation for All CLTS Community Led Total Sanitation DUDBC Department of Urban Development and Building Construction DWSS Department of Water Supply and Sewerage ENPHO Environment and Public Health organization GoN Government of Nepal INGOs International Non Governmental Organizations MDGs Millennium Development Goals MuAN Municiapal Association of Nepal NCSA National Committee for Sanitation Action NSA Non State Actors NSWC National Sanitation Week Campaign NWSC National Water Supply Corporation OBA Output-based aid PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal SLTS School Led Total Sanitation SSHE School Sanitation and Hygiene Education SSTWSSP Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project STIUEP Secondary Town Integrated Urban Environmental Improvement WATSAN Water and Sanitation WUA Water User Association WUSC Water User and Sanitation Committee TA 7182-NEP - i - Final Report, Vol. 11 Contents 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 2 Community questionnaire ................................................................................................. 2 2.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................ 2 2.2 Findings and observations of the Survey ............................................................................... 9 2.3 Community characteristics .................................................................................................... 9 2.4 Water supply ........................................................................................................................ 16 2.5 Sanitation and Drainage: ...................................................................................................... 17 2.6 Solid Waste Management .................................................................................................... 19 2.7 Roads and transport ............................................................................................................. 21 2.8 Markets for kitchen supply: ................................................................................................. 32 2.9 Prioritization of needs: ......................................................................................................... 34 3 Focus groups .................................................................................................................... 37 3.1 Overall status of Biratnagar ................................................................................................. 37 3.2 Drainage ............................................................................................................................... 38 3.3 Use and condition of sanitation ........................................................................................... 39 3.4 Condition of roads and footpaths ......................................................................................... 43 3.5 Solid waste management ..................................................................................................... 44 3.6 General poverty situation in Biratnagar ............................................................................... 44 3.7 Gender consideration ........................................................................................................... 46 3.8 Problem analysis .................................................................................................................. 46 4 Water quality ................................................................................................................... 47 4.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 47 4.2 Water Quality Sampling & Analysis ................................................................................... 47 4.3 Sampling Sites ..................................................................................................................... 47 4.4 Water Quality....................................................................................................................... 49 4.5 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 53 5 Engineering Surveys ........................................................................................................ 54 TA 7182-NEP - ii - Final Report, Vol. 11 Appendices A Community questionnaire B Water Quality Test C Maps TA 7182-NEP - iii - Final Report, Vol. 11 1 Introduction 1 This is Volume 11 of the Final Report for a Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to the Government of Nepal (GoN) for the Secondary Towns Integrated Urban Environmental Improvement Project (hereafter “the project” or “STIUEIP”). It provides an overview of the project and appendices that together explain the rationale for the project. 2 The PPTA commenced on 1 May 2009. The Department of Urban Development and Building Construction (DUDBC) is the executing agency for the project preparation. 3 On 17 August 2009, the Steering Committee approved the selection of the municipalities of Biratnagar, Birgunj, and Butwal for the project. Since then the consultant has carried out surveys, held meetings with stakeholders, and undertaken analyses of the engineering, institutional, social, financial, economic and environmental aspects of the proposed project. 4 The Final Report comprises nineteen volumes as follows: 1. Project Rationale 2. Drainage and Sanitation 3. Solid Waste Management 4. Roads and Lanes 5. Public-Private Partnerships 6. Poverty Reduction and Social Strategy 7. Major Environmental Issues 8. Economic Analysis 9. Institutional Analysis 10. Butwal Water Supply 11. Biratnagar Survey Data 12. Birgunj Survey Data 13. Butwal Survey Data 14. Financial Assessments 15. Biratnagar Social Safeguards 16. Birgunj Social Safeguards 17. Biratnagar Initial Environmental Assessment 18. Birgunj Initial Environmental Assessment 19. Butwal Initial Environmental Assessment TA 7182-NEP - 1 - Final Report, Vol. 11 2 Community questionnaire 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 The context 5 STIUEIP conducted a survey in all the three project cities – Biratnagar, Birgunj and Butwal, using the Project designed „Community Questionnaire‟ survey focusing on Drinking Water, Drainage and Sanitation, Solid Waste Management, and Roads and Lanes components. 6 The principal source of the data presented in this section of the Final Report was the Key Informants, their selection criteria being length of residence in the relevant cluster or Tol or block, adequate level of knowledge of the tol, presentation skills, representation of the social, ethno/religious/cultural, political and economic structure or strata of the society of the locality and finally, willingness to cooperate. The key informant was assisted by one or (depending on the size of the ward and clusters) two other informants in order to arrive at a valid and consensual response to go into the report. 7 The survey was carried out after an on – the - spot training workshop organized for the survey enumerators by the project in all the three municipalities. 8 Preliminary visits of the municipalities STIUEIP consultants indicated that Biratnagar and Birgunj listed Drainage and Sanitation as the number one priority followed by Solid Waste Management and Roads. The third municipality – Butwal – had clean and pure drinking water and instead, road and footpaths, were listed as one major need. The questionnaire was designed to address this needs of Butwal as well. Altogether, there were eight sections in the survey questionnaire – namely: population characteristics and dwelling type, water supply, drainage and sanitation, solid waste management, roads and transport, access to existing facilities,