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Contemporary Islamic Education in Nigeria from the Rear View Mirror

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Contemporary Islamic Education in Nigeria from the Rear View Mirror American Journal of Educational Research, 2018, Vol. 6, No. 4, 329-343 Available online at http://pubs.sciepub.com/education/6/4/6 ©Science and Education Publishing DOI:10.12691/education-6-4-6 Contemporary Islamic Education in Nigeria from the Rear View Mirror Abdulrahman Yusuf Maigida* Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Port Harcourt – Nigeria *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract The three known systems of education existing in Nigeria are the traditional/indigenous, Islamic and formal western education systems. The thrust of this paper therefore, is a retrospective examination of Islamic education system in Nigeria and its historical transformations. Reflecting on the past is like using a rear mirror to view what are the contemporary characteristics of Islamic education in Nigeria. Therefore, concepts associated with the subject matter were clarified, correcting the general misconceptions about the position of Islam on the Muslims’ quest for knowledge. This is a qualitative study, hence the use of historical research method which relied heavily on both primary and secondary sources of data. The sources were also subjected to historical evaluation that focuses on the internal and external criticisms to establish the genuineness and authenticity of the two sources. The study ultimately analysed the data historically, adopting a content analysis that produced critical and contemporary submission about the then, the contemporary and the future prospect of Islamic education in Nigeria and among the Muslims. The findings revealed that both the Qur’an and Hadith which are the two major scriptures in Islam provided justification and clear acceptance of modern education among the Nigerian Muslims. The study further portrayed the efforts of individuals and Islamic organisations in promoting modern education amongst Muslims and in many diverse ways; not limited to establishment of institutions at all levels. Attention was accorded girls’ participation in modern education and compensatory educational opportunity, through Non-Formal education programmes. Some suggestions were made, calling on the stakeholders to redouble their efforts and do everything to address the branding of Islam as being violent; by embracing peace which Islam is known for and using education as an instrument to reclaim the glory of Islam as people or architect of modern knowledge in the global history. Keywords: contemporary, islamic education, muslims, Islamic organisations, rear view mirror, Nigeria Cite This Article: Abdulrahman Yusuf Maigida, “Contemporary Islamic Education in Nigeria from the Rear View Mirror.” American Journal of Educational Research, vol. 6, no. 4 (2018): 329-343. doi: 10.12691/education-6-4-6. the apostleship of the noble prophet - Mohammed (Sallalahu Alayhim Wasalam – May the Peace and 1. Introduction Blessings of God Be Upon Him); as being divinely chosen to convey Allah’s message to humanity. On the other hand, The task of writing this paper is focused on Islamic Muslims are those who testify and believe in monotheism, education in Nigeria and has provoked the thought of the as well as submitting their wills to God Almighty as their writer by being retrospective on how we have come to lord and creator. For emphasis, being a Muslim is not where we are now about the emergence of Islam in complete, until and when he/she believes in the, Nigeria and the gradual acceptance of modern education prophethood and apostleship or messengership of by the Nigerian Muslims. The ‘historico-telescopic’ Mohammed (Sallalahu Alayhim Wasalam). Ultimately, account (reflecting on the past for future prediction) is the Muslims are those who believe and follow the considered possible, using a rear view mirror. In a simple message of God as delivered to them by Prophet straight forward language, it is an effort that looks at the Mohammed (S.A.W.). The Qur’an is the Holy book of ‘Contemporary Islamic Education from the ‘Rear View Islam and the source from where the Muslims seek Mirror’, examining the theory and practice of Islamic guidance in their worldly activities (undertakings and education from historical point of view and bringing to the dealings) to earn them the hereafter and attain the pleasure fore, the laudable achievements which have been recorded of God. by Muslim individuals and Islamic organisations. It must also be clearly stated here that Prophet There is need to first provide this background which is Mohammed (S.AW.) was like any human beings, but was intended to correct and clarify some misconceptions about divinely chosen, as earlier maintained, by Allah to spread Islam as a religion and Muslims as its adherents. What the message of Allah’s oneness and calling on people to Islam means is contained in Abdulrahman [1] rendering it worship Allah. The religion of Islam is not Mohammed’s to mean a religion of Allah (Subuanahu Wa Tahala – the religion, but Allah’s, therefore cannot be referred to or God Almiighty). Contextually, Islam means peace or called Mohammedanism; as often being erroneously submission to the will of Allah (SWT), and believing in referred in some Western literatures. Mohammed (S.A.W.) American Journal of Educational Research 330 as said was not different from other prophets of Allah who Abdulrahman [1] maintains can even serve as an came before him, except that he was the most beloved and instrument to effect the Muslims’ desired changes rather last of God’s sent messengers. Before him, many than being violent. messengers or prophets of Allah had been sent, including The entire situation from the beginning has compelled prophets Adam (Adam), Nuhu (Noah), Daud (David), Muslim individuals and a number of Islamic organisations Sulayman (Solomon) Musa (Moses), Ibrahim (Abraham), to addressing the situation with different strategies geared Yusuf (Joseph), Yusus (Job), Zakariyyah (Zachariah), Isa towards promoting Islamic education with integration into (Jesus) (Alayhimus Salam - May the peace of God be the modern education. upon them) and etc. Another very important aspect where the writer thinks 1.2. Purpose of the Study there should be a clarification is on the belief in some quarters that Islam does not support learning or knowledge, Education or knowledge in Islam has been characterized other than the knowledge of the Qur’an or Arabic with misconceptions that call for clarification and portraying language. This is not correct about Islam’s position on Muslims’ roles in this regard, the paper therefore seeks: knowledge. There are several places in the Qur’an i. To provide contextual and chronological review of according to Abdulrahman [2], where the importance of Islam and education of the Muslims in Nigeria. knowledge and learning was repeatedly mentioned, even ii. To provide scriptural (Quran and Hadith) commanded in some cases. Not only that, the Hadith justification for learning or knowledge in Islam as which is the collection of authentic sayings of the against the numerous misconceptions. Prophets also provides several instances and events where iii. To review the perspectives of Islamic education, learning and knowledge, not only of the Qur’an and account for the modernizing influence on education Hadith were encouraged and strongly advocated. of Muslims. iv. To portray the roles by the Muslim individuals and 1.1. Problem Statement organizations. v. To manifest the consciousness of Islam on gender In most African countries that experienced colonialism, and compensatory education. including Nigeria; the colonial subjects imbibed or were forced to imbibe everything brought to them by their 1.3. Research Questions colonial administrators, including education. In Nigeria, the story is not different, as only education that was The researcher raised some guiding research questions given by the Christian missionaries was recognised. that give the study a focus, thus: Opportunities therefore were not presented to the Nigerian i. How can Islam and Education of Muslims in Muslims with only Quranic/Islamic education. Muslims’ Nigeria be contextually and chronologically interest and inclination to have formal education that was appraised? being provided only by the missionaries was dampened ii. How can the numerous misconceptions Islam’s by the Missionaries’ major requirement of conversion position on learning/knowledge be dispelled with to Christianity before Muslims could be given the scriptural (Quran and Hadith) justification? opportunity. This was the situation from the beginning iii. In what perspectives can Islamic education in that made Muslims trembled, for the fear of getting their Nigeria be appraised in terms of its modernizing children converted to Christianity when seeking formal influence and the roles by Muslim individuals and? education. iv. What roles are Islamic organizations and Muslim These fear and scepticism had since then resulted on individuals playing in promoting the education of one hand, to the Muslims’ low enrollment at various Nigerian Muslims? educational levels, from nursery, through primary and v. What consciousness of Islam is manifested on secondary schools to tertiary institutions. On the other gender and compensatory education? hand, the apathy of Muslim parents towards imbibing modern education today, which has been variously observed by writers has inevitably produced frustrated 2. Methodology youths, aggrieved parents and poverty-ridden families who live in total impecuniousity and penury; characterized For this study,
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